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Xu S, Wang C, Mao R, Liang X, Wang H, Lin Z, Li J, Li S, Jiang J, Zhang T, Ma Y, Liu Y, Han CC, Liu Y. Surface structure change properties: Auto-soft bionic fibrous membrane in reducing postoperative adhesion. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:16-29. [PMID: 35087960 PMCID: PMC8777249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesion is the most common adverse effect following abdominal surgery or inflammation. The occurrence in clinical trials has been successfully reduced using barriers. However, the shortcomings of frequently used adhesion barriers, such as rapid degradation rate of gel barrier and inadequate operation ability of solid barrier, cannot be ignored. In this study, a fibrous membrane with an ECM-like structure was prepared. The adhesion properties were reduced significantly by changing the surface structure. The fibrous membrane caused less inflammatory response and much less peripheral adhesion and intestinal obstruction compared to the casting film and the commercial film with smooth surface, though with the same components. Because of the auto-soft bionic structure and similarity in the mechanical modulus of the tissues, the fibrous membrane was more flexible when it adhered to the tissues, showed excellent effectiveness and biocompatibility. In addition to the rat and miniature pig models, a randomized, placebo-controlled, and multicenter clinical pilot study with 150 patients confirmed that because of its flexibility, biodegradability, and similarity to mechanical modulus and structure with tissues involved, the fibrous membrane served as a favorable implant for preventing post-operation adhesion. The fibrous membrane with an ECM-like structure can be used the adhesion barrier. The fibrous membrane, with auto-soft bionic structure and similar mechanical modulus to the tissues, was flexible. The fibrous membrane caused less inflammatory response and intestinal obstruction.
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Innate Immune Effectors Play Essential Roles in Acute Respiratory Infection Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5291714. [PMID: 33163539 PMCID: PMC7607282 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5291714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune effectors constitute the first line of host defense against pathogens. However, the roles of these effectors are not clearly defined during Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) respiratory infection. In the current study, we established an acute pneumonia model of K. pneumoniae respiratory infection in mice and confirmed that the injury was most severe 48 h post infection. Flow cytometric assay demonstrated that alveolar macrophages were the predominant cells in BALF before infection, and neutrophils were quickly recruited after infection, and this was in consistent with the kinetics of chemokine expression. Further, we depleted neutrophils, macrophages, and complement pathways in vivo and challenged these mice with a sublethal dose of K. pneumonia, the result showed that 80%, 60%, and 40% of mice were died in these groups, respectively, while no deaths occurred in the control group. Besides, innate immune effector depleted mice showed higher bacterial burdens in lungs and blood, companied with more severe lung damage and increased levels of cytokine/chemokine expression. These results demonstrated that the innate immune effectors are critical in the early controlling of K. pneumoniae infection, and neutrophils are the most important. Thus, alternative strategies targeting these innate immune effectors may be effective in controlling of K. pneumoniae respiratory infection.
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Alwhaibi RM, Aldugahishem HM. Factors affecting participation in physical activities in Saudi children with Down syndrome: mothers' perspectives. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:1524-1535. [PMID: 29382238 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1433241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity provides a wide range of benefits. Several studies conducted in various countries have examined factors influencing participation in physical activities in children with Down syndrome. This study aimed to explore factors affecting participation in physical activities in Saudi children with DS, from their mothers' perspectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 36 mothers of children with Down syndrome to explore facilitators of and barriers to their children's participation in physical activities. All audio recordings were transcribed, validated, reviewed by the authors independently, and organized into themes. RESULTS Transcript analysis resulted in four facilitators (mother's support and siblings' involvement, involvement of peers, type of physical activity experience, and child's physical ability, behavioral, and psychological status), and six barriers (conditions associated with Down syndrome, family responsibility, social barriers, environmental constraints, electronic devices, and mother's personal psychological barriers). CONCLUSIONS The results regarding perceived barriers indicated a need to develop and implement programs involving family consultation. Environmental modifications should be made to accommodate the needs of children with Down syndrome. A well-organized partnership should be established and activated between private investors and the Ministries of Education, Social Affairs, and Health, to support the promotion of physical activity. Implications for rehabilitation The efficacy of home- and Internet-based programs for Saudi children with Down syndrome (DS) should be evaluated. Cultural and climactic conditions in Saudi Arabia suggest the need for environmental modifications to help children with DS engage in physical activity. Well-organized partnerships between private investors and the Ministries of Education, Social Affairs, and Health may be required to achieve higher participation of children with DS. Planning and designing of strategies, policies, facilities, and programs are required to increase engagement in physical activity and maximize the benefits of participation of children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Alwhaibi
- a Rehabilitation Department , College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayfa M Aldugahishem
- a Rehabilitation Department , College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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4
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Li H, Wang R. A focus on CXCR4 in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Circ 2017; 3:199-203. [PMID: 30276325 PMCID: PMC6057706 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_13_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common and devastating aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Besides the well-known role of chemokines and their receptors in the immune system, they are widely expressed in the nervous system, where they play roles in the regulation of cell migration and neurotransmission. The chemokine CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) is evolutionarily highly conserved seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It has been demonstrated that CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway involved in the pathologic process of AD. In this review, we demonstrated the GPCR family proteins and summarized the relationship between CXCR4 and GPCR, CXCR4 and AD. The review aimed to provide the novel insight of CXCR4 into the early prevention of mild cognitive impairment and in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Central Laboratory, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Liver Cancer Center, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Pathak C, Ranjan Singh R, Yadav S, Kapoor N, Raina V, Gupta S, Surolia A. Evaluation of benzothiophene carboxamides as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:201-211. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandramani Pathak
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan Singh
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
- Molecular Biophysics Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Varshiesh Raina
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
- Molecular Biophysics Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Karnataka India
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6
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Franco L, Williams FM, Trofimov S, Surdulescu G, Spector TD, Livshits G. Contribution of putative genetic factors and candidate gene variants to inter-individual variation of circulating fractalkine (CX3CL1) levels in a large UK twins’ sample. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:358-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Transcriptional effects of E3 ligase atrogin-1/MAFbx on apoptosis, hypertrophy and inflammation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53831. [PMID: 23335977 PMCID: PMC3545877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrogin-1/MAFbx is an ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates myocardial structure and function through the ubiquitin-dependent protein modification. However, little is known about the effect of atrogin-1 activation on the gene expression changes in cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were infected with adenovirus atrogin-1 (Ad-atrogin-1) or GFP control (Ad-GFP) for 24 hours. The gene expression profiles were compared with microarray analysis. 314 genes were identified as differentially expressed by overexpression of atrogin-1, of which 222 were up-regulated and 92 were down-regulated. Atrogin-1 overexpression significantly modulated the expression of genes in 30 main functional categories, most genes clustered around the regulation of cell death, proliferation, inflammation, metabolism and cardiomyoctye structure and function. Moreover, overexpression of atrogin-1 significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte survival, hypertrophy and inflammation under basal condition or in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, knockdown of atrogin-1 by siRNA had opposite effects. The mechanisms underlying these effects were associated with inhibition of MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38) and NF-κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, the present microarray analysis reveals previously unappreciated atrogin-1 regulation of genes that could contribute to the effects of atrogin-1 on cardiomyocyte survival, hypertrophy and inflammation in response to endotoxin, and may provide novel insight into how atrogin-1 modulates the programming of cardiac muscle gene expression.
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Lu H, Xin Y, Tang Y, Shao G. Zinc suppressed the airway inflammation in asthmatic rats: effects of zinc on generation of eotaxin, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-4, and IFN-γ. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:314-21. [PMID: 22932891 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelium is rich in labile zinc (Zn), which may have an important protective role in the airway epithelium. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Zn on the airway inflammation and the generation of eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in rat models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation. For this purpose, animal model of asthma was established by OVA challenge and zinc-deficient and zinc-supplemented diets were given. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: zinc-deficient diet with OVA treatment group, zinc-supplemented diet with OVA treatment group, zinc-normal diet with OVA treatment group, and zinc-normal diet with saline treatment group. Twenty-four hours after asthma was induced, lung histomorphological changes, cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), contents of eotaxin, MCP-1, and IL-8 in BALF, and the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNAs were observed. Compared with the group of zinc-normal diet with OVA challenge rats, the group of zinc-deficient rats had higher numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes in BALF, as well as higher contents of eotaxin and MCP-1 in BALF and lower expression of lung IFN-γ mRNA. Conversely, Zn supplementation would decrease the numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes in BALF; suppress eotaxin and MCP-1 protein secretion; and increase lung IFN-γ mRNA expression. No significant difference was observed in IL-8 and IL-4 among OVA-challenged rats with different zinc diets. These studies suggested that Zn may be an important anti-inflammatory mediator of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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9
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Parachikova A, Cotman CW. Reduced CXCL12/CXCR4 results in impaired learning and is downregulated in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 28:143-53. [PMID: 17764962 PMCID: PMC2198928 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 06/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of plaques and tangles in parallel with progressive cognitive decline. The underlying cause of the cognitive decline is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that could affect learning and memory using the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Un-biased GeneChip analysis at the time-point coinciding with the onset of behavioral deficits but prior to plaque deposition revealed that Tg2576 show altered gene expression for a number of molecules including the chemokine CXCL12. We show that this chemokine's mRNA, protein and receptor are downregulated in this mouse model coinciding with cognitive deficits. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CXCL12 levels are decreased in AD patients as compared to controls. To determine if CXCL12 might be related to impaired learning and memory, we chronically treated young non-transgenic mice with an antagonist to the CXCL12 receptor to simulate the reduction seen in transgenic animals. Treated animals showed selectively impaired learning and memory suggesting a potential role for this chemokine in cognitive functioning.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/immunology
- Aging/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/immunology
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/immunology
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzylamines
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Brain/anatomy & histology
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/immunology
- Cyclams
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Encephalitis/genetics
- Encephalitis/immunology
- Encephalitis/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Hippocampus/immunology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/physiopathology
- Humans
- Learning Disabilities/genetics
- Learning Disabilities/immunology
- Learning Disabilities/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Plaque, Amyloid/genetics
- Plaque, Amyloid/immunology
- Plaque, Amyloid/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
- Synaptic Transmission/genetics
- Synaptic Transmission/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parachikova
- Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California, 1113 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4540, USA.
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10
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Trebst C, Brunhorn K, Lindner M, Windhagen A, Stangel M. Expression of chemokine receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with immune-mediated neuropathies treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13:1359-63. [PMID: 17116220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an efficacious treatment for immune-mediated neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP), and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). In the pathogenesis of immune-mediated neuropathies chemokines and their receptors play a crucial role. Using flow cytometry we examined whether IVIg modulates chemokine expression repertoires of T cells and monocytes. The expression of inflammatory chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6 and CXCR3 was investigated on circulating T-cell subsets, and CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 on circulating monocytes before and after IVIg treatment in patients with immune-mediated neuropathies (MMN, n = 7; GBS, n = 1; CIDP, n = 2). Furthermore, the homing potential of T cells was analyzed by the expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor known to be utilized by mature T cells to recirculate into secondary lymphoid organs. In contrast to studies in chronic heart failure, no differences in expression patterns before and after IVIg treatment of any of the investigated chemokine receptors were found. Furthermore, the proportion of CD45RO-positive CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subsets was not changed by IVIg treatment. Thus, we concluded that modulation of the expression of chemokine receptors on circulating leukocytes by IVIg is not a mode of action in immune-mediated neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trebst
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Sun JH, Yang B, Donnelly DF, Ma C, LaMotte RH. MCP-1 enhances excitability of nociceptive neurons in chronically compressed dorsal root ganglia. J Neurophysiol 2006; 96:2189-99. [PMID: 16775210 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00222.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous experimental results from our laboratory demonstrated that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) depolarizes or increases the excitability of nociceptive neurons in the intact dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after a chronic compression of the DRG (CCD), an injury that upregulates neuronal expression of both MCP-1 and mRNA for its receptor CCR2. We presently explore the ionic mechanisms underlying the excitatory effects of MCP-1. MCP-1 (100 nM) was applied, after CCD, to acutely dissociated small DRG neurons with nociceptive properties. Under current clamp, the proportion of neurons depolarized was similar to that previously observed for CCD-treated neurons in the intact ganglion, although the magnitude of depolarization was greater. MCP-1 induced a decrease in rheobase by 44 +/- 10% and some cells became spontaneously active at resting potential. Action potential width at a voltage equal to 10% of the peak height was increased from 4.94 +/- 0.23 to 5.90 +/- 0.47 ms. In voltage clamp, MCP-1 induced an inward current in 27 of 50 neurons held at -60 mV, which increased with concentration over the range of 3 to 300 nM (EC(50) = 45 nM). The MCP-1-induced current was not voltage dependent and had an estimated reversal potential of -27 mV. In addition, MCP-1 inhibited a voltage-dependent, noninactivating outward current, presumably a delayed rectifier type K(+) conductance. We conclude that MCP-1 enhances excitability in CCD neurons by, at least, two mechanisms: 1) activation of a nonvoltage-dependent depolarizing current with characteristics similar to a nonselective cation conductance and 2) inhibition of a voltage-dependent outward current.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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12
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Wu X, Jin LP, Yuan MM, Zhu Y, Wang MY, Li DJ. Human first-trimester trophoblast cells recruit CD56brightCD16- NK cells into decidua by way of expressing and secreting of CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:61-8. [PMID: 15972632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 70% of decidual lymphocytes are NK cells characterized by CD56(bright)CD16(-) phenotype, but the mechanisms by which these NK cells are recruited in the decidua are still almost unrevealed. In this study, we first analyzed the transcription of 18 chemokine receptors in the first-trimester decidual CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells. Among these receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR3 were found highly transcribed, and the expression of CXCR4 was verified in most of the decidual CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells by flow cytometry. The first-trimester human trophoblasts were found expressing CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1, the specific ligand of CXCR4, by way of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The primary cultured trophoblast cells were also found to secrete stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha spontaneously, and its concentration was 384.6 +/- 90.7 pg/ml after the trophoblast cells had been cultured for 60 h. All of the ligands for CXCR3 were below the minimal detectable concentration when trophoblast cells were cultured for up to 48 h. Both recombinant human SDF-1alpha and supernatants of the cultured trophoblast cells exhibited chemotactic activity on decidual CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells. Our findings suggest that human first-trimester trophoblast cells produce CXCL12, which in turn chemoattracts decidual CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells. This activity could contribute to the recruitment mechanism of decidual lymphocytes, especially CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells, in decidua, and may be used at a local level to modulate the immune milieu at the materno-fetal interface.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- CD56 Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL12
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Decidua/cytology
- Decidua/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- In Vitro Techniques
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Trophoblasts/cytology
- Trophoblasts/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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LaFleur AM, Lukacs NW, Kunkel SL, Matsukawa A. Role of CC chemokine CCL6/C10 as a monocyte chemoattractant in a murine acute peritonitis. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 13:349-55. [PMID: 15770051 PMCID: PMC1781581 DOI: 10.1080/09629350400014172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the role of CC chemokine CCL6/C10 in acute inflammation. Intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate increased peritoneal CCL6, which peaked at 4 h and remained elevated at 48 h. Neutralization of CCL6 significantly inhibited the macrophage infiltration (34-48% reduction), but not other cell types, without decreasing the other CC chemokines known to attract monocytes/macrophages. CCL6 was expressed in peripheral eosinophils and elicited macrophages, but not in elicited neutrophils. Peritoneal CCL6 level was not decreased in granulocyte-depleted mice where eosinophil influx was significantly impaired. Thus, CCL6 appears to contribute to the macrophage infiltration that is independent of other CC chemokines. Eosinophils pre-store CCL6, but do not release CCL6 in the peritoneum in this model of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M LaFleur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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Sun XT, Zhang MY, Shu C, Li Q, Yan XG, Cheng N, Qiu YD, Ding YT. Differential gene expression during capillary morphogenesis in a microcarrier-based three-dimensional in vitro model of angiogenesis with focus on chemokines and chemokine receptors. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:2283-90. [PMID: 15818740 PMCID: PMC4305813 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i15.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2004] [Revised: 03/14/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To globally compare the gene expression profiles during the capillary morphogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) in an in vitro angiogenesis system with affymetrix oligonucleotide array. METHODS A microcarrier-based in vitro angiogenesis system was developed, in which ECs migrated into the matrix, proliferated, and formed capillary sprouts. The sprouts elongated, branched and formed networks. The total RNA samples from the HMVECs at the selected time points (0.5, 24, and 72 h) during the capillary morphogenesis were used for microarray analyses, and the data were processed with the softwares provided by the manufacturers. The expression patterns of some genes were validated and confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The regulated genes were grouped based on their molecular functions and expression patterns, and among them the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors was specially examined and their functional implications were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1 961 genes were up- or down-regulated two-folds or above, and among them, 468 genes were up- or down-regulated three-folds or above. The regulated genes could be grouped into categories based on their molecular functions, and were also clustered into six groups based on their patterns of expression. As for chemokines and chemokine receptors, CXCL1/GRO-alpha, CXCL2/GRO-beta, CXCL5/ENA-78, CXCL6/GCP2, IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL12/SDF-1, CXCL9/Mig, CXC11/ITAC, CX3CL1/fractalkine, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3, CCL5/RANTES, CCL7, CCL15, CCL21, CCL23, CCL28, and CCR1, CCR9, CXCR4 were identified. Moreover, these genes demonstrated different changing patterns during the capillary morphogenesis, which implied that they might have different roles in the sequential process. Among the chemokines identified, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES and CX3CL1 were specially up-regulated at the 24-h time point when the sprouting characterized the morphological change. It was thus suggested that they might exert crucial roles at the early stage of angiogenesis. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates a global profile of gene expression during endothelial capillary morphogenesis, and the results provide us much information about the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis, with which further evaluation of individual genes can be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Tai Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical College, Hepatobiliary Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Laskin D, Gardner C, Gerecke D, Laskin J. Ozone-Induced Lung Injury. OXYGEN/NITROGEN RADICALS 2004. [DOI: 10.1201/b14147-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bernardini G, Ribatti D, Spinetti G, Morbidelli L, Ziche M, Santoni A, Capogrossi MC, Napolitano M. Analysis of the role of chemokines in angiogenesis. J Immunol Methods 2003; 273:83-101. [PMID: 12535800 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a large family of inflammatory cytokines, have been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis during several pathophysiologic processes, such as tumor growth, wound healing and ischemia. Semiquantitative or quantitative angiogenesis assays are commonly utilized to screen the angiogenic or angiostatic activity of chemokines. These include in vitro endothelial cell activation assays and ex vivo or in vivo models of neovascularization. Chemokines may exert their regulatory activity on angiogenesis directly or as a consequence of leukocyte infiltration and/or the induction of growth factor expression. The effect of chemokines on endothelium can be assessed by performing in vitro assays on purified endothelial cell populations or by in vivo assays. Nevertheless, each model used to evaluate the angiogenic or angiostatic activity of a discrete factor has advantages and limitations. Thus, in order to avoid under- or overestimating the regulatory effect of chemokines on angiogenesis and to evaluate all aspects of the angiogenic process, multiple assays are usually performed. This review summarizes past and recent studies on chemokines as modulators of angiogenesis with particular emphasis on the methods currently used for the assessment of chemokine-mediated angiogenic or angiostatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, La Sapienza 00161, Italy.
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17
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Cytokines, Chemokines and Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0171-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Bajetto A, Bonavia R, Barbero S, Schettini G. Characterization of chemokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: physiopathological implications. J Neurochem 2002; 82:1311-29. [PMID: 12354279 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines represent key factors in the outburst of the immune response, by activating and directing the leukocyte traffic, both in lymphopoiesis and in immune surveillance. Neurobiologists took little interest in chemokines for many years, until their link to acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated dementia became established, and thus their importance in this field has been neglected. Nevertheless, the body of data on their expression and role in the CNS has grown in the past few years, along with a new vision of brain as an immunologically competent and active organ. A large number of chemokines and chemokine receptors are expressed in neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, either constitutively or induced by inflammatory mediators. They are involved in many neuropathological processes in which an inflammatory state persists, as well as in brain tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, there is evidence for a crucial role of CNS chemokines under physiological conditions, similar to well known functions in the immune system, such as proliferation and developmental patterning, but also peculiar to the CNS, such as regulation of neural transmission, plasticity and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bajetto
- Service of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
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19
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Ishibashi N, Mirochnitchenko O. Chemokine expression in transgenic mice overproducing human glutathione peroxidases. Methods Enzymol 2002; 353:460-76. [PMID: 12078519 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)53069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Ishibashi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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20
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Oh SB, Endoh T, Simen AA, Ren D, Miller RJ. Regulation of calcium currents by chemokines and their receptors. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 123:66-75. [PMID: 11880151 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the modulation of voltage dependent Ca(2+) currents by chemokine receptors in heterologous expression systems and neurons. Fractalkine, SDF-1alpha, RANTES and MDC inhibited the I(Ba) in CX3CR1-, CXCR4-, CCR5- and CCR4-expressing G1A1 cells, respectively. The I(Ba) inhibition was voltage-dependent, exhibited prepulse facilitation, and was blocked by N-ethylmaleimide and pertussis toxin pretreatment, indicating that it was mediated by Gi/Go. Some chemokines also inhibited the I(Ba) in subpopulations of dorsal root ganglion neurons and area postrema/nucleus tractus solitarius neurons. These data provide evidence that chemokines can potentially modulate neuronal signaling through the inhibition of neuronal Ca(2+) currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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21
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Abstract
Chemokines are small basic proteins that are the major mediators of all leukocyte migration. There are at least 46 distinct chemokines, and 19 chemokine receptors, making it easily the largest cytokine family. Chemokines can be both beneficial and harmful, by either stimulating an appropriate immune response to microbial invasion, or by mediating pathologic tissue destruction in many types of human disease. Chemokines have been implicated in the tissue destruction seen in autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, allograft rejection, and neoplasia. Chemokines also play essential roles in normal lymphocyte trafficking to primary and secondary lymphoid organs for antigen presentation and lymphocyte maturation. Chemokines also regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homing and proliferation. Therefore, it is likely that chemokines will become important targets for pharmacologic intervention in a wide variety of human diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Christopherson
- Indiana University Cancer Center and the Walther Oncology Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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22
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Hendrickson BA, Gokhale R, Cho JH. Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15:79-94. [PMID: 11781268 PMCID: PMC118061 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.15.1.79-94.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are recognized as important causes of gastrointestinal disease in children and adults. In this review we delineate the clinical manifestations and diagnostic features of IBD. In addition, we summarize important recent advances in our understanding of the immune mediators of intestinal inflammation. This information has led to new therapeutic approaches in IBD. Further, we discuss the considerable data that point to the significance of genetic factors in the development of IBD and the genetic loci which have been implicated through genome-wide searches. The commensal bacterial flora also appears to be a critical element, particularly in regards to Crohn's disease, although the precise role of the bacteria in the disease manifestations remains unclear. Current investigations promise to yield fresh insights in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Hendrickson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and the The Martin Boyer Laboratories, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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23
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Christopherson KW, Campbell JJ, Hromas RA. Transgenic overexpression of the CC chemokine CCL21 disrupts T-cell migration. Blood 2001; 98:3562-8. [PMID: 11739157 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.13.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of cytokines that direct normal leukocyte migration. They also have been implicated in leukocyte development and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The CC chemokine CCL21, also known as Exodus-2, SLC, 6Ckine, and TCA4 induces both the adhesion and migration of human T cells. CCL21 is hypothesized to regulate the trafficking of T cells through secondary lymphoid tissues. To test this hypothesis, a transgenic mouse model was generated that placed the expression of mouse CCL21 (mCCL21) under the control of the T cell-specific lck promoter to abrogate the concentration gradient to which T cells normally respond. Overexpression of mCCL21 in T cells resulted in defects in CCL21- and CCL19-induced T-cell chemotaxis, node T-cell subpopulations, and lymph node architecture. The regulation of T-cell trafficking in secondary lymphoid tissues by CCL21 is therefore a tightly regulated system that can be altered by changes in the level of environmental CCL21 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Christopherson
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA
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24
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Topham DJ, Castrucci MR, Wingo FS, Belz GT, Doherty PC. The role of antigen in the localization of naive, acutely activated, and memory CD8(+) T cells to the lung during influenza pneumonia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:6983-90. [PMID: 11739518 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of Ag in the recruitment and localization of naive, acutely activated, and memory CD8(+) T cells to the lung during influenza infection was explored using TCR-transgenic (Tg) mice. Naive, Thy1.2(+)CD8(+) OT-I TCR-Tg cells were primed and recruited to the lung after transfer into congenic Thy1.1(+) recipients challenged with a genetically engineered influenza virus (influenza A/WSN/33 (WSN)-OVA(I)) containing the K(b) restricted OVA(257-264) epitope (siinfekl) in the viral neuraminidase stalk. However, if the transferred animals were infected with a similar influenza virus that expressed an irrelevant K(b) epitope (WSN-PEPII), no TCR-Tg T cells were detectable in the lung, although they were easily visible in the lymphoid organs. Conversely, there were substantial numbers of OT-I cells found in the lungs of WSN-PEPII-infected mice when the animals had been previously, or were concurrently, infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing OVA. Similar results were obtained with nontransgenic populations of memory CD8(+) T cells reactive to a murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 Ag. Interestingly, the primary host response to the immunodominant influenza nucleoprotein epitope was not affected by the presence of memory or recently activated OT-I T cells. Thus, although Ag is required to activate the T cells, the subsequent localization of T cells to the lung during a virus infection is a property of recently activated and memory T cells and is not necessarily driven by Ag in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Recent developments in the field of HLA-G research have revealed that, besides its involvement during pregnancy, HLA-G is expressed in peripheral tissues during pathological processes, such as viral infections, malignancies and organ transplantation. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding the influence of HLA-G on the T helper (Th) cytokine balance (favoring Th2-type responses), and the expression of HLA-G during chronic, cutaneous inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. We propose a novel role for HLA-G as a tissue-protective molecule in inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Carosella
- Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, CEA-DSV-DRM, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, 1 Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
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26
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Brill A, Hershkoviz R, Vaday GG, Chowers Y, Lider O. Augmentation of RANTES-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase mediated signaling and T cell adhesion by elastase-treated fibronectin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:7121-7. [PMID: 11390457 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells migrating across extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers toward their target, the inflammatory site, should respond to chemoattractant cytokines and to the degradation of ECM by specific enzymes. In this study, we examined the effects of RANTES and ECM proteins treated with human leukocyte elastase on T cell activation and adhesion to the ECM. We found that human peripheral blood T cells briefly suspended with RANTES (0.1-100 ng/ml) had increased phosphorylation of their intracellular extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in the activation of several intracellular downstream effector molecules implicated in cell adhesion and migration. Consequently, a small portion (12-20%) of the responding cells adhered to fibronectin (FN). However, when the T cells were exposed to RANTES in the presence of native immobilized FN, laminin, or collagen type I, ERK phosphorylation was partially inhibited, suggesting that this form of the ECM proteins can down-regulate RANTES-induced intracellular signaling. In contrast, when the T cells were exposed to RANTES in the presence of elastase-treated immobilized FN, but not to elastase-treated laminin, ERK phosphorylation was markedly increased. Furthermore, a large percentage (30%) of RANTES-activated T cells adhered to the enzymatically treated FN in a beta1 integrin-dependent fashion. Thus, while migrating along chemotactic gradients within the ECM, T cells can adapt their adhesive performance according to the level of cleavage induced by enzymes to the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brill
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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27
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de Veer MJ, Holko M, Frevel M, Walker E, Der S, Paranjape JM, Silverman RH, Williams BRG. Functional classification of interferon‐stimulated genes identified using microarrays. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.69.6.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Holko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, and Ohio
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Mathias Frevel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, and Ohio
| | - Eldon Walker
- Computer Core, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio
| | - Sandy Der
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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