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Oh M, Rosa M, Xie H, Khelashvili G. Automated collective variable discovery for MFSD2A transporter from molecular dynamics simulations. Biophys J 2024; 123:2934-2955. [PMID: 38932456 PMCID: PMC11393714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules often exhibit complex free energy landscapes in which long-lived metastable states are separated by large energy barriers. Overcoming these barriers to robustly sample transitions between the metastable states with classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations presents a challenge. To circumvent this issue, collective variable (CV)-based enhanced sampling MD approaches are often employed. Traditional CV selection relies on intuition and prior knowledge of the system. This approach introduces bias, which can lead to incomplete mechanistic insights. Thus, automated CV detection is desired to gain a deeper understanding of the system/process. Analysis of MD data with various machine-learning algorithms, such as principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machine, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based approaches have been implemented for automated CV detection. However, their performance has not been systematically evaluated on structurally and mechanistically complex biological systems. Here, we applied these methods to MD simulations of the MFSD2A (Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain 2A) lysolipid transporter in multiple functionally relevant metastable states with the goal of identifying optimal CVs that would structurally discriminate these states. Specific emphasis was on the automated detection and interpretive power of LDA-based CVs. We found that LDA methods, which included a novel gradient descent-based multiclass harmonic variant, termed GDHLDA, we developed here, outperform PCA in class separation, exhibiting remarkable consistency in extracting CVs critical for distinguishing metastable states. Furthermore, the identified CVs included features previously associated with conformational transitions in MFSD2A. Specifically, conformational shifts in transmembrane helix 7 and in residue Y294 on this helix emerged as critical features discriminating the metastable states in MFSD2A. This highlights the effectiveness of LDA-based approaches in automatically extracting from MD trajectories CVs of functional relevance that can be used to drive biased MD simulations to efficiently sample conformational transitions in the molecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myongin Oh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Margarida Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hengyi Xie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - George Khelashvili
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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Bernoud-Hubac N, Lo Van A, Lazar AN, Lagarde M. Ischemic Brain Injury: Involvement of Lipids in the Pathophysiology of Stroke and Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:634. [PMID: 38929073 PMCID: PMC11200865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating neurological disorder that is characterized by the sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain. Lipids are essential components of brain structure and function and play pivotal roles in stroke pathophysiology. Dysregulation of lipid signaling pathways modulates key cellular processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, exacerbating ischemic brain injury. In the present review, we summarize the roles of lipids in stroke pathology in different models (cell cultures, animal, and human studies). Additionally, the potential of lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, to promote neuroprotection and their use as biomarkers in stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LAMCOS, UMR5259, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (A.L.V.); (A.-N.L.); (M.L.)
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Luo T, Jiang X, Xu N, Zhao X, Xie X, Xia X, Bian X, Liu H. Risk factors and metabolomics of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1341290. [PMID: 38698772 PMCID: PMC11063278 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1341290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the risk factors, metabolic characteristics, and potential biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-MCI) and to provide potential evidence for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 103 patients with T2DM were recruited from the Endocrinology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University for inclusion in the study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was utilized to evaluate the cognitive functioning of all patients. Among them, 50 patients were categorized into the T2DM-MCI group (MoCA score < 26 points), while 53 subjects were classified into the T2DM without cognitive impairment (T2DM-NCI) group (MoCA score ≥ 26 points). Serum samples were collected from the subjects, and metabolomics profiling data were generated by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). These groups were analyzed to investigate the differences in expression of small molecule metabolites, metabolic pathways, and potential specific biomarkers. Results: Comparison between the T2DM-MCI group and T2DM-NCI group revealed significant differences in years of education, history of insulin application, insulin resistance index, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and creatinine levels. Further binary logistic regression analysis of the variables indicated that low educational level and low serum IGFBP-3 were independent risk factor for T2DM-MCI. Metabolomics analysis revealed that differential expression of 10 metabolites between the T2DM-MCI group and T2DM-NCI group (p < 0.05 and FDR<0.05, VIP>1.5). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis revealed that fatty acid degradation was the most significant pathway. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:0 exhibited greater diagnostic efficiency. Conclusion: This study revealed that a shorter duration of education and lower serum IGFBP-3 levels are independent risk factors for T2DM-MCI. Serum metabolites were found to be altered in both T2DM-MCI and T2DM-NCI groups. T2DM patients with or without MCI can be distinguished by LPC 18:0. Abnormal lipid metabolism plays a significant role in the development of MCI in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Chao Yang, Chaoyang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingjie Xie
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - XiaoLong Bian
- The Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Rheims S, Herbillon V, Gaillard S, Mercier C, Villeuve N, Villéga F, Cances C, Castelnau P, Napuri S, de Saint‐Martin A, Auvin S, Nguyen The Tich S, Berquin P, de Bellecize J, Milh M, Roy P, Arzimanoglou A, Bodennec J, Bezin L, Kassai B. Phosphatidylserine enriched with polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid supplementation for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with epilepsy: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:582-591. [PMID: 38173190 PMCID: PMC10984292 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent comorbidity in children with epilepsy, which management mostly relies on the usual treatments of ADHD, especially methylphenidate. Supplementation with polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acid (PUFA) has been proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach in ADHD without epilepsy but has never been evaluated in epilepsy-associated ADHD. METHODS A multicenter double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating supplementation with PUFA, in eicosapentaenoic- and docosahexaenoic-acid form, conjugated to a phospholipid vector (PS-Omega3) in children aged >6 and <16-years old, and suffering from any type of epilepsy and ADHD (inattentive or combined type) according to DSM-V. After a 4-week baseline period, patients were allocated (1:1) either to placebo group or to PS-Omega 3 group and entered a 12 week-double-blind treatment period which was followed by a 12 week-open-label treatment period. The primary outcome was the reduction of the ADHD-rating scale IV attention-deficit subscore after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS The study was stopped early because of lack of eligible participants and the expected sample size was not reached. Seventy-four patients were randomized, 44 in PS-Omega3, and 30 in the placebo group. The reduction after 12 weeks of treatment in the inattention subscore of the ADHD-IV scale was -1.57 in the PS-Omega3 group, and -2.90 in the placebo group (p = 0.33, α = 5%). Results were similar after 24 weeks of treatment and for all other ADHD-related secondary outcomes, with no difference between placebo and PS-Omega3. CONCLUSION Our study remaining underpowered, no formal conclusion about the effect of Ps-Omega3 could be drawn. However, our data strongly suggested that the PS-Omega 3 formulation used in the current study did not improve ADHD symptoms in children with epilepsy. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Supplementation with polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acid (PUFA) has been proposed in ADHD but has never been evaluated in patients with both epilepsy and ADHD. To address this issue, we conducted a multicenter double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating supplementation with PUFA in children with epilepsy and ADHD. The study was stopped early because of lack of eligible participants, hampering formal conclusion. However, the evolution of the ADHD symptoms at 12 and 24 weeks did not differ between placebo and PUFA supplementation, strongly suggesting that PUFA did not improve ADHD symptoms in children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rheims
- Department of Functional Neurology and EpileptologyHospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Vania Herbillon
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Ségolène Gaillard
- Clinical Investigation Centre 1407, Hospices Civils de Lyon‐InsermHôpital Louis PradelBronFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphane Auvin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, AP‐HP, Robert‐Debré University HospitalCRMR Épilepsies Rares, EpiCARE MemberParisFrance
- INSERM NeuroDiderotUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)ParisFrance
| | | | | | - Julitta de Bellecize
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyAPHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pascal Roy
- Department of BiostatisticsHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Jacques Bodennec
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Laurent Bezin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Behrouz Kassai
- Clinical Investigation Centre 1407, Hospices Civils de Lyon‐InsermHôpital Louis PradelBronFrance
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique‐Santé, CNRS, UMR 5558Lyon 1 UniversityVilleurbanneFrance
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Zhang X, Yuan T, Chen X, Liu X, Hu J, Liu Z. Effects of DHA on cognitive dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer's disease: The mediating roles of ApoE. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101256. [PMID: 37890592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise due to the increasing aging population. Among the various genetic factors associated with AD, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid transporter, stands out as the primary genetic risk factor. Specifically, individuals carrying the ApoE4 allele exhibit a significantly higher risk. However, emerging research indicates that dietary factors play a prominent role in modifying the risk of AD. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prominent ω-3 fatty acid, has garnered considerable attention for its potential to ameliorate cognitive function. The intricate interplay between DHA and the ApoE genotype within the brain, which may influence DHA's utilization and functionality, warrants further investigation. This review meticulously examines experimental and clinical studies exploring the effects of DHA on cognitive decline. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the role of ApoE gene polymorphism and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. These studies suggest that early DHA supplementation may confer benefits to cognitively normal older adults carrying the ApoE4 gene. However, once AD develops, ApoE4 non-carriers may experience greater benefits compared to ApoE4 carriers, although the overall effectiveness of DHA supplementation at this stage is limited. Potential mechanisms underlying these differential effects may include accelerated DHA catabolism in ApoE4 carriers, impaired transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and compromised lipidation and circulatory function in ApoE4 carriers. Thus, the supplementation of DHA may represent a potential intervention strategy aimed at compensating for these deficiencies in ApoE4 carriers prior to the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; Dongguan Chuangwei Precision Nutrition and Health Innovation Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523170, China; Shaanxi Precision Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710300, China.
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Zhang K, Li J, Cheng J, Lin S. Alkaline Phosphatase PhoD Mutation Induces Fatty Acid and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LC-PUFA)-Bound Phospholipid Production in the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:560. [PMID: 37999384 PMCID: PMC10672530 DOI: 10.3390/md21110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid growth and high lipid contents, microalgae have become promising environmentally friendly candidates for renewable biodiesel and health supplements in our era of global warming and energy depletion. Various pathways have been explored to enhance algal lipid production, especially gene editing. Previously, we found that the functional loss of PhoD-type alkaline phosphatase (AP), a phosphorus-stress indicator in phytoplankton, could lead to increased lipid contents in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, but how the AP mutation may change lipid composition remains unexplored. This study addresses the gap in the research and investigates the effects of PhoD-type AP mutation on the lipid composition and metabolic regulation in P. tricornutum using transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses. We observed significantly modified lipid composition and elevated production of fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, ceramide, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, and monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol after PhoD_45757 mutation. Meanwhile, genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were upregulated in mutant cells. Moreover, the mutant exhibited increased contents of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA)-bound phospholipids, indicating that PhoD_45757 mutation could improve the potential bioavailability of PUFAs. Our findings indicate that AP mutation could influence cellular lipid synthesis and probably redirect carbon toward lipid production and further demonstrate that AP mutation is a promising approach for the development of high-value microalgal strains for biomedical and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Comparison of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid in mature milk from different sampled regions in the Chinese human milk project (CHMP) study. Food Chem 2023; 410:135311. [PMID: 36610088 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Milk phospholipids (PLs) are critical components of infant growth. This study aimed to discover PL in mature human milk (HM) from China (n = 201) and mainly assessed the effect caused by sampled regions. The average total PL concentration was quantified from 3.65 to 11.25 mg per g of lipid, and the major PL class identified was sphingomyelin (SM, 38.06-47.62 %), followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC, 29.61-34.39 %), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 10.54-24.46 %). In addition, the 36:2 (18:0/18:2), 38:6 (16:0/22:6), 40:1 (d18:1/22:0), and 42:2 (d18:1/24:1) were the most abundant molecular species identified in glycerophospholipid and SM molecular species respectively. Some PL molecular species were strongly related with region of sampling, like lysophosphatidylinositol 18:1 was only detected in Beijing. In conclusion, those findings showed that the PL molecular species and concentration of HM had significant regional diversity, and it will give the Chinese human milk database more accurate PL data.
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Urrutia NL, Baldin M, Egolf SR, Walker RE, Ying Y, Green MH, Harvatine KJ. Kinetics of omega-3 fatty acid transfer to milk differs between fatty acids and stage of lactation in dairy cows. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 192:102573. [PMID: 37060854 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) differ in their transfer efficiencies and metabolic partitioning and lactating cows provide a robust model to investigate kinetics of FA transport. The objective was to compare kinetics of n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) trafficking through plasma and into milk. In the first experiment, ten ruminally cannulated multiparous Holstein cows were used in a crossover design with 7 d periods. Cows were milked at 6 h intervals and abomasal treatments provided a single dose of 80.1 g of α-linolenic acid as free FA (ALA-FFA) or 45.5 g EPA and 32.9 g DHA (LCn3-FFA). Transfer of n-3 PUFA to milk was nearly 50% higher for ALA-FFA than LCn3-FFA (48.2 and 32.7% of the bolus) and fit a bi-exponential model. Rapid transport of n-3 PUFA, assumed to be directly through chylomicrons, was nearly twice as high in ALA-FFA than LCn3-FFA and the subsequent slow transport, assumed to be indirect transfer through tissue recycling, was over 2.5-fold higher in LCn3-FFA than in ALA-FFA. Plasma analysis revealed LCn3-FFA enriched phospholipids and cholesterol esters, which had a slow clearance. In the second experiment, 4 cows received a bolus of a mixture of ALA, EPA, and DHA prepartum while not lactating and around d 10, 55, and 225 of lactation. Transfer of ALA to milk did not differ between stages of lactation, but DHA was lower in early compared to mid and late lactation. In conclusion, dietary ALA is rapidly and efficiently transferred to milk in cows while EPA and DHA are rapidly incorporated into plasma or tissue fractions not available to the mammary gland. This demonstrates clear differences in trafficking and partitioning of n-3 PUFA that ultimately impact tissue and organelle enrichment with implications for effective doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Urrutia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Osorno, Chile; Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Michel Baldin
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States; MILC Group, San Luis Obispo, CA 93405, United States
| | - Samantha R Egolf
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States; Food & Livestock Planning, Kansas City, MO 64156, United States
| | - Rachel E Walker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yun Ying
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, United States
| | - Michael H Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.
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Mfsd2a attenuated hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via protection of the blood-brain barrier in mfat-1 transgenic mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:71. [PMID: 36820986 PMCID: PMC9950179 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mfat-1 transgenic mice have protective effects against some central nervous system (CNS) disorders, owing to the high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content enriched in their brains. However, whether this protective effect is connected to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of the protective effect against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) of mfat-1 transgenic mice. mfat-1 mice not only demonstrated a significant amelioration of neurological dysfunction and neuronal damage but also partly maintained the physiological permeability of the BBB after HIBD. We initially showed this was associated with elevated major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a) expression on the BBB, resulting from more lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA entering the brain. Wild-type (WT) mice showed a similar Mfsd2a expression trend after long-term feeding with an LPC-DHA-rich diet. Knockdown of Mfsd2a by siRNA intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) injection neutralized the protective effect against HIBD-induced BBB disruption in mfat-1 mice, further validating the protective function of Mfsd2a on BBB. HIBD-induced BBB high permeability was attenuated by Mfsd2a, primarily through a transcellular pathway to decrease caveolae-like vesicle-mediated transcytosis. Taken together, these findings not only reveal that mfat-1 transgenic mice have higher expression of Mfsd2a on the BBB, which partly sustains BBB permeability via vesicular transcytosis to alleviate the severity of HIBD, but also suggest that dietary intake of LPC-DHA may upregulate Mfsd2a expression as a novel therapeutic strategy for BBB dysfunction and survival in HIBD patients.
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10
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Analysis of the time-dependent changes of phospholipids in the brain regions of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148197. [PMID: 36481236 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid levels are reported to be decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD). For a better understanding, we investigated the time-dependent changes of phospholipids species in a mouse model of AD. The levels of phospholipids in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of wild-type and APP-Tg (J20) mice were measured by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Compared to wild-type, total phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were Increased at 3 months but decreased at 6 months in the cortex of J20 mice. Total lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) was decreased both at 3 and 6 months. PC was decreased and LPC was increased at 6 months, resulting in an increased LPC/PC ratio in the hippocampus of J20 mice. At species levels, PCA analysis could discriminate wild-type and J20 based on PC and LPC distribution at 6 months. At 6 months, several highly abundant PC including PC (16:0/16:0), PC (16:0/18:0), PC (16:0/18:1), and PC (18:0/18:1) were decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of J20. Conversely, LPC species including LPC 16:0, LPC 18:1, and LPC 20:4 were increased especially in the hippocampal area. Increased activation of phospholipid-metabolizing enzyme cPLA2 was seen in the hippocampus and cortex of J20 mice at 9 months. On the other hand, ROS levels started to increase as early as 3 months. Compared to 3 months, ROS levels were higher at 6 months in J20 mice. Thus, we demonstrated here a time- and area-dependent alteration of phospholipid composition during the early stage of AD, which could be important in understanding the pathological process.
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Altered Cord Blood Lipid Concentrations Correlate with Birth Weight and Doppler Velocimetry of Fetal Vessels in Human Fetal Growth Restriction Pregnancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193110. [PMID: 36231072 PMCID: PMC9562243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with short- and long-term morbidity, often with fetal compromise in utero, evidenced by abnormal Doppler velocimetry of fetal vessels. Lipids are vital for growth and development, but metabolism in FGR pregnancy, where fetuses do not grow to full genetic potential, is poorly understood. We hypothesize that triglyceride concentrations are increased in placentas and that important complex lipids are reduced in cord plasma from pregnancies producing the smallest babies (birth weight < 5%) and correlate with ultrasound Dopplers. Dopplers (umbilical artery, UA; middle cerebral artery, MCA) were assessed longitudinally in pregnancies diagnosed with estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10% at ≥29 weeks gestation. For a subset of enrolled women, placentas and cord blood were collected at delivery, fatty acids were extracted and targeted lipid class analysis (triglyceride, TG; phosphatidylcholine, PC; lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC; eicosanoid) performed by LCMS. For this sub-analysis, participants were categorized as FGR (Fenton birth weight, BW ≤ 5%) or SGA "controls" (Fenton BW > 5%). FGRs (n = 8) delivered 1 week earlier (p = 0.04), were 29% smaller (p = 0.002), and had 133% higher UA pulsatility index (PI, p = 0.02) than SGAs (n = 12). FGR plasma TG, free arachidonic acid (AA), and several eicosanoids were increased (p < 0.05); docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-LPC was decreased (p < 0.01). Plasma TG correlated inversely with BW (p < 0.05). Plasma EET, non-esterified AA, and DHA correlated inversely with BW and directly with UA PI (p < 0.05). Placental DHA-PC and AA-PC correlated directly with MCA PI (p < 0.05). In fetuses initially referred for inadequate fetal growth (EFW < 10%), those with BW ≤ 5% demonstrated distinctly different cord plasma lipid profiles than those with BW > 5%, which correlated with Doppler PIs. This provides new insights into fetal lipidomic response to the FGR in utero environment. The impact of these changes on specific processes of growth and development (particularly fetal brain) have not been elucidated, but the relationship with Doppler PI may provide additional context for FGR surveillance, and a more targeted approach to nutritional management of these infants.
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Production of Carotenoids and Phospholipids by Thraustochytrium sp. in Batch and Repeated-Batch Culture. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070416. [PMID: 35877709 PMCID: PMC9325111 DOI: 10.3390/md20070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotenogenic thraustochytrid Thraustochytrium sp. RT2316-16 was grown in batch and repeated-batch cultures using different feeds containing glucose, or glycerol, and yeast extract, for the production of lipids, phospholipids and carotenoids. RT2316-16 produced canthaxanthin, astaxanthin and β-carotene. The effects of biotin, ascorbic acid, light and temperature were evaluated in some of the experiments. In 2-day-old batch cultures, the combined mass percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in total lipids was between 16.5% (glycerol-based medium in the dark; biomass concentration = 4.2 ± 1.1 g L−1) and 42.6% (glucose-based medium under light; biomass concentration = 3.3 ± 0.1 g L−1), decreasing to 3.8% and 6.1%, respectively, after day 4. In repeated-batch cultures, the total lipids in the biomass increased after glucose or glycerol was fed alone, whereas the total carotenoids (168 ± 7 μg g−1 dry weight (DW)) and phospholipids in the biomass increased after feeding with yeast extract. The biomass with the highest content of phospholipids (28.7 ± 4.3 mg g−1 DW) was obtained using a feed medium formulated with glycerol, yeast extract and ascorbic acid. Glycerol was the best carbon source for the production of a biomass enriched with total lipids (467 ± 45 mg g−1 DW). The composition of carotenoids depended strongly on the composition of the feed. Repeated-batch cultures fed with yeast extract contained canthaxanthin as the main carotenoid, whereas in the cultures fed only with glucose, the biomass contained mainly β-carotene.
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Phospholipid Profiles Are Selectively Altered in the Putamen and White Frontal Cortex of Huntington's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102086. [PMID: 35631226 PMCID: PMC9143248 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a genetic, neurodegenerative illness that onsets in late adulthood as a series of progressive and terminal cognitive, motor, and psychiatric deficits. The disease is caused by a polyQ mutation in the Huntingtin gene (HTT), producing a polyglutamine expansion in the Huntingtin protein (HTT). HTT interacts with phospholipids in vitro; however, its interactions are changed when the protein is mutated in HD. Emerging evidence suggests that the susceptibility of brain regions to pathological stimuli is influenced by lipid composition. This study aimed to identify where and how phospholipids are changed in human HD brain tissue. Phospholipids were extracted using a modified MTBE method from the post-mortem brain of 13 advanced-stage HD patients and 13 age- and sex-matched controls. Targeted precursor ion scanning mass spectrometry was used to detect phospholipid species. In the white cortex of HD patients, there was a significantly lower abundance of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS), but no difference in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In HD putamen, ester-linked 22:6 was lower in all phospholipid classes promoting a decrease in the relative abundance of ester polyunsaturated fatty acids in PE. No differences in phospholipid composition were identified in the caudate, grey cortex or cerebellum. Ether-linked PE fatty acids appear protected in the HD brain, as no changes were identified. The nature of phospholipid alterations in the HD brain is dependent on the lipid (subclass, species, and bond type) and the location.
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Parnova RG. Critical Role of Endothelial Lysophosphatidylcholine Transporter Mfsd2a in Maintaining Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Delivering Omega 3 PUFA to the Brain. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Zussy C, John R, Urgin T, Otaegui L, Vigor C, Acar N, Canet G, Vitalis M, Morin F, Planel E, Oger C, Durand T, Rajshree SL, Givalois L, Devarajan PV, Desrumaux C. Intranasal Administration of Nanovectorized Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Improves Cognitive Function in Two Complementary Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050838. [PMID: 35624701 PMCID: PMC9137520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a class of fatty acids that are closely associated with the development and function of the brain. The most abundant PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). In humans, low plasmatic concentrations of DHA have been associated with impaired cognitive function, low hippocampal volumes, and increased amyloid deposition in the brain. Several studies have reported reduced brain DHA concentrations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ brains. Although a number of epidemiological studies suggest that dietary DHA consumption may protect the elderly from developing cognitive impairment or dementia including AD, several review articles report an inconclusive association between omega-3 PUFAs intake and cognitive decline. The source of these inconsistencies might be because DHA is highly oxidizable and its accessibility to the brain is limited by the blood–brain barrier. Thus, there is a pressing need for new strategies to improve DHA brain supply. In the present study, we show for the first time that the intranasal administration of nanovectorized DHA reduces Tau phosphorylation and restores cognitive functions in two complementary murine models of AD. These results pave the way for the development of a new approach to target the brain with DHA for the prevention or treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleine Zussy
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Rijo John
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Mumbai 400019, India; (R.J.); (S.L.R.); (P.V.D.)
| | - Théo Urgin
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Léa Otaegui
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Claire Vigor
- IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Geoffrey Canet
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Mathieu Vitalis
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Françoise Morin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Camille Oger
- IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Shinde L. Rajshree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Mumbai 400019, India; (R.J.); (S.L.R.); (P.V.D.)
| | - Laurent Givalois
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Padma V. Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Mumbai 400019, India; (R.J.); (S.L.R.); (P.V.D.)
| | - Catherine Desrumaux
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
- LIPSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467-14-36-89; Fax: +33-467-14-33-86
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Emerging Role of Phospholipids and Lysophospholipids for Improving Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid as Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073969. [PMID: 35409331 PMCID: PMC9000073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) essential for neural development, learning, and vision. Although DHA can be provided to humans through nutrition and synthesized in vivo from its precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), deficiencies in cerebral DHA level were associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The aim of this review was to develop a complete understanding of previous and current approaches and suggest future approaches to target the brain with DHA in different lipids’ forms for potential prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since glycerophospholipids (GPs) play a crucial role in DHA transport to the brain, we explored their biosynthesis and remodeling pathways with a focus on cerebral PUFA remodeling. Following this, we discussed the brain content and biological properties of phospholipids (PLs) and Lyso-PLs with omega-3 PUFA focusing on DHA’s beneficial effects in healthy conditions and brain disorders. We emphasized the cerebral accretion of DHA when esterified at sn-2 position of PLs and Lyso-PLs. Finally, we highlighted the importance of DHA-rich Lyso-PLs’ development for pharmaceutical applications since most commercially available DHA formulations are in the form of PLs or triglycerides, which are not the preferred transporter of DHA to the brain.
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Passeri E, Elkhoury K, Jiménez Garavito MC, Desor F, Huguet M, Soligot-Hognon C, Linder M, Malaplate C, Yen FT, Arab-Tehrany E. Use of Active Salmon-Lecithin Nanoliposomes to Increase Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Bioavailability in Cortical Neurons and Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11859. [PMID: 34769291 PMCID: PMC8584305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) play an important role in the development, maintenance, and function of the brain. Dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFAs in neurological diseases has been a subject of particular interest in preventing cognitive deficits, and particularly in age-related neurodegeneration. Developing strategies for the efficient delivery of these lipids to the brain has presented a challenge in recent years. We recently reported the preparation of n-3 PUFA-rich nanoliposomes (NLs) from salmon lecithin, and demonstrated their neurotrophic effects in rat embryo cortical neurons. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of these NLs to deliver PUFAs in cellulo and in vivo (in mice). NLs were prepared using salmon lecithin rich in n-3 PUFAs (29.13%), and characterized with an average size of 107.90 ± 0.35 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.25 ± 0.01, and a negative particle-surface electrical charge (-50.4 ± 0.2 mV). Incubation of rat embryo cortical neurons with NLs led to a significant increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (51.5%, p < 0.01), as well as palmitic acid, and a small decrease in oleic acid after 72 h (12.2%, p < 0.05). Twenty mice on a standard diet received oral administration of NLs (12 mg/mouse/day; 5 days per week) for 8 weeks. Fatty acid profiles obtained via gas chromatography revealed significant increases in cortical levels of saturated, monounsaturated, and n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid,) and n-6 (docosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid) PUFAs. This was not the case for the hippocampus or in the liver. There were no effects on plasma lipid levels, and daily monitoring confirmed NL biocompatibility. These results demonstrate that NLs can be used for delivery of PUFAs to the brain. This study opens new research possibilities in the development of preventive as well as therapeutic strategies for age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Passeri
- LIBio Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (E.P.); (K.E.); (M.C.J.G.); (M.L.)
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Kamil Elkhoury
- LIBio Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (E.P.); (K.E.); (M.C.J.G.); (M.L.)
| | | | - Frédéric Desor
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Marion Huguet
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Claire Soligot-Hognon
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Michel Linder
- LIBio Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (E.P.); (K.E.); (M.C.J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Catherine Malaplate
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Frances T. Yen
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (F.D.); (M.H.); (C.S.-H.); (C.M.)
| | - Elmira Arab-Tehrany
- LIBio Laboratory, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (E.P.); (K.E.); (M.C.J.G.); (M.L.)
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Herrmann M, Simstich S, Fauler G, Hofer E, Fritz-Petrin E, Herrmann W, Schmidt R. The relationship between plasma free fatty acids, cognitive function and structural integrity of the brain in middle-aged healthy humans. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22078-22091. [PMID: 34554925 PMCID: PMC8507298 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The cerebral composition of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is believed to influence cognitive function and structural damage of the aging brain. However, existing data is inconsistent. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study explored the association between free plasma PUFA concentrations, cognitive function and brain structure atrophy in a well-characterized community-dwelling cohort of elderly individuals without stroke and dementia. Ten different fatty acids were analyzed in stored plasma samples from 391 non-demented elderly individuals by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Neuropsychiatric tests capturing memory, executive function and visuopractical skills were performed in all participants. Brain atrophy was assessed by MRI in a subset of 167 individuals. Results: Higher plasma concentrations of free ω-6 PUFAs (p = 0.042), and, in particular, linoleic acid (p = 0.01), were significantly associated with lower executive function. No significant association existed between ω-3 PUFA concentrations and cognitive functioning. The volume of the frontal lobes was inversely associated with ω-6 PUFAs, whereas ω-3 PUFAs were positively related with temporal lobe volumes. All associations did not withstand correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Our study suggests subtle effects of PUFA imbalances on cognition and brain structure. Yet the observed associations are weak and unlikely to be of clinical relevance. The brain regions that seem to be most sensitive to imbalances of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs are the frontal and temporal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Simstich
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Fritz-Petrin
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Wang CC, Du L, Shi HH, Ding L, Yanagita T, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. Dietary EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Chronic Stress and LPS-Induced Depression- and Anxiety-Like Behavior by Regulating Immunity and Neuroinflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100009. [PMID: 34219360 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE A growing number of studies have reported the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and terrestrial phospholipids on ameliorating mood disorders. Marine-derived EPA-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) exhibit the structural characteristics of EPA and phospholipids. However, the effect of dietary EPA-PL, and the differences between amphiphilic EPA-PL and lyophobic EPA on mood disorders had not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS A comparative investigation to determine the effects of dietary EPA-enriched ethyl ester (EPA-EE) and EPA-PL on improving depression- and anxiety-like behavior in a mouse model is performed, induced by 4 week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) coupled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. It is found that dietary 4 week 0.6% (w/w) EPA-PL rescued depression- and anxiety-like behavior to a greater extent than did EPA-EE. Moreover, dietary EPA-PL significantly reduced the immobility time by 56.6%, close to the normal level, in forced swimming test, which revealed a reversal of depression-like behavior. Further studies revealed that dietary EPA-PL regulated immunity, monoamine systems, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by multi-target interactions, including inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. CONCLUSION EPA-PL exerted superior effects to EPA-EE in alleviating depression- and anxiety-like behavior. The data suggest potential novel candidate or targeted dietary patterns to prevent and treat mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
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Omori W, Kano K, Hattori K, Kajitani N, Okada-Tsuchioka M, Boku S, Kunugi H, Aoki J, Takebayashi M. Reduced Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Lysophosphatidic Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:948-955. [PMID: 34214158 PMCID: PMC8653873 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is involved in numerous biological processes, including neurodevelopment, chronic inflammation, and immunologic response in the central nervous system. Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that produces LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Previous studies have demonstrated decreased protein levels of ATX in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Based on those studies, the current study investigated the levels of lysophospholipids species including LPA and related metabolic enzymes, in CSF of patients with MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ). METHODS The levels of lysophospholipids species and related metabolic enzymes were measured with either liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Japanese patients were diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR. CSF was obtained from age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 27) and patients with MDD (n = 26) and SCZ (n = 27). RESULTS Of all lysophospholipids species, the levels of LPA 22:6 (LPA - docosahexaenoic acid) were significantly lower in patients with MDD and SCZ than in healthy controls. These levels were negatively correlated with several clinical symptomatic scores of MDD, but not those of SCZ. In addition, the levels of LPA 22:6 were significantly correlated with the levels of LPC 22:6 among all 3 groups. On the other hand, the levels of LPA 22:6 were not correlated with ATX activity in patients with MDD and SCZ. CONCLUSION The lower levels of LPA 22:6 in patients with MDD and SCZ suggest an abnormality of LPA 22:6 metabolism. In addition, several depressive symptoms in patients with MDD were significantly associated with the lower levels of LPA 22:6, suggesting an involvement of LPA 22:6 in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Omori
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kajitani
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mami Okada-Tsuchioka
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan,Correspondence: Minoru Takebayashi, MD, PhD, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860–8556, Japan ()
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21
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Sugasini D, Yang P, Ng D, Khetarpal SA, Vitali C, Rader DJ, Subbaiah PV. Potential role of hepatic lipase in the accretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159002. [PMID: 34197964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an essential fatty acid that is required for the normal development and function of the brain. Because of its inability to synthesize adequate amounts of DHA from the precursors, the brain has to acquire DHA from plasma through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies demonstrated the presence of a transporter at the BBB that specifically transports DHA into the brain in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-DHA). However, the mechanism by which LPC-DHA is generated in the plasma is not known. Our previous studies showed that there are at least three different enzymes - lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), endothelial lipase (EL), and hepatic lipase (HL), which can generate LPC-DHA from sn-2 DHA phosphatidylcholine. Here we determined the relative contributions of these enzymes in the delivery of DHA to the brain by measuring the brain DHA levels in the mice deficient in each of these enzymes. The results show that the brain DHA levels of LCAT-deficient mice or EL-deficient mice were not significantly lower than those of their littermates. However, brain DHA was significantly decreased in HL deficient mice (13.5% of total fatty acids) compared to their littermates (17.1%) (p < 0.002), and further decreased to 8.3% of total fatty acids in mice deficient in both HL and EL. These results suggest that HL activity may be the major source for the generation of LPC-DHA in the plasma necessary for transport into the brain, and EL might contribute to this process in the absence of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dominic Ng
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumeet A Khetarpal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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22
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Investigation of alterations in phospholipids during the production chain of infant formulas via HILIC-QTOF-MS and multivariate data analysis. Food Chem 2021; 364:130414. [PMID: 34175632 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids play a key role in infant nutrition and cognitive function. In this study, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was firstly developed to analyze the composition of phospholipids. Then we characterized and quantified phospholipids extracted from raw, pasteurized, homogenized, and spray-dried milk to investigate the effect of the technological process on the composition of the phospholipids. Results indicate that the composition of the phospholipids underwent minor changes after pasteurization, while the concentration of phospholipids was significantly affected by the spray-drying process, especially phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Multivariate data analysis further verified the results and indicated that phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids had undergone significant changes during the production chain, especially in spray-drying. This work reveals the changes of phospholipids composition during the production chain of infant formulas and serve as a reference for the subsequent optimization of infant formulas to meet nutritional need of infants.
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23
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Retinoid X Receptor α Regulates DHA-Dependent Spinogenesis and Functional Synapse Formation In Vivo. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107649. [PMID: 32433958 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated intracellular and extracellular signaling is critical to synapse development and functional neural circuit wiring. Here, we report that unesterified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) regulates functional synapse formation in vivo via retinoid X receptor α (Rxra) signaling. Using Rxra conditional knockout (cKO) mice and virus-mediated transient gene expression, we show that endogenous Rxra plays important roles in regulating spinogenesis and excitatory synaptic transmission in cortical pyramidal neurons. We further show that the effects of RXRA are mediated through its DNA-binding domain in a cell-autonomous and reversible manner. Moreover, unesterified DHA increases spine formation and excitatory synaptic transmission in vivo in an Rxra-dependent fashion. Rxra cKO mice generally behave normally but show deficits in behavior tasks associated with social memory. Together, these results demonstrate that unesterified DHA signals through RXRA to regulate spinogenesis and functional synapse formation, providing insight into the mechanism through which DHA promotes brain development and cognitive function.
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24
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Characterization of Metabolites in Plasma, Urine and Feces of Healthy Participants after Taking Brahmi Essence for Twelve Weeks Using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS Metabolomic Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102944. [PMID: 34063409 PMCID: PMC8156768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brahmi essence, developed from Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. standardized extract and mulberry juice, was proven to improve the memory speed of healthy participants aged 55–80 years old, following a 12-week dietary program. However, the metabolites have not yet been reported. Our objective was to characterize the altered metabolites in the plasma, urine, and feces of healthy volunteers after consumption of Brahmi essence for 12 weeks, using the LC-MS metabolomics approach. The altered metabolites were selected from OPLS-DA S-plots; 15 metabolites in the plasma, 7 in the urine, and 17 in the feces samples were tentatively identified by comparison with an online database and literature. The metabolites in the plasma samples were in the classes of amino acids, acylcarnitine, and phospholipids. Benzeneactamide-4-O-sulphate and 3-hydroxyhippuric acid were found in urine samples. The metabolites in the class of amino acids, together with jujubogenin and pseudojujubogenin, were identified in the fecal samples. The aminoacyl-tRNA, aromatic amino acids, and branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathways were mainly related to the identified metabolites in all three samples. It could be implied that those metabolites and their pathways might be linked with the effect of Brahmi essence on memory speed.
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25
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Phospholipids from marine source: Extractions and forthcoming industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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26
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Abstract
Vitamin E, discovered in 1922, is essential for pregnant rats to carry their babies to term. However, 100 years later, the molecular mechanisms for the vitamin E requirement during embryogenesis remain unknown. Vitamin E's role during pregnancy has been difficult to study and thus, a vitamin E-deficient (E-) zebrafish embryo model was developed. Vitamin E deficiency in zebrafish embryos initiates lipid peroxidation, depletes a specific phospholipid (DHA-phosphatidyl choline), causes secondary deficiencies of choline, betaine and critical thiols (such as glutathione), and dysregulates energy metabolism. Vitamin E deficiency not only distorts the carefully programmed development of the nervous system, but it leads to defects in several developing organs. Both the α-tocopherol transfer protein and vitamin E are necessary for embryonic development, neurogenesis and cognition in this model and likely in human embryos. Elucidation of the control mechanisms for the cellular and metabolic pathways involved in the molecular dysregulation caused by vitamin E deficiency will lead to important insights into abnormal neurogenesis and embryonic malformations.
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27
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Gázquez A, Larqué E. Towards an Optimized Fetal DHA Accretion: Differences on Maternal DHA Supplementation Using Phospholipids vs. Triglycerides during Pregnancy in Different Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:511. [PMID: 33557158 PMCID: PMC7913957 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy has been recommended by several health organizations due to its role in neural, visual, and cognitive development. There are several fat sources available on the market for the manufacture of these dietary supplements with DHA. These fat sources differ in the lipid structure in which DHA is esterified, mainly phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) molecules. The supplementation of DHA in the form of PL or TG during pregnancy can lead to controversial results depending on the animal model, physiological status and the fat sources utilized. The intestinal digestion, placental uptake, and fetal accretion of DHA may vary depending on the lipid source of DHA ingested by the mother. The form of DHA used in maternal supplementation that would provide an optimal DHA accretion for fetal brain development, based on the available data obtained most of them from different animal models, indicates no consistent differences in fetal accretion when DHA is provided as TG or PL. Other related lipid species are under evaluation, e.g., lyso-phospholipids, with promising results to improve DHA bioavailability although more studies are needed. In this review, the evidence on DHA bioavailability and accumulation in both maternal and fetal tissues after the administration of DHA supplementation during pregnancy in the form of PL or TG in different models is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gázquez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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28
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Riya S, Sultana S, Daria S, Proma MA, Bhuiyan MA, Haque MA, Islam MR. Evaluation of Serum Lysophosphatidic Acid and Lysophosphatidylcholine Levels in Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e12388. [PMID: 33542861 PMCID: PMC7849208 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous condition featured with a continuous low mood, feeling of sadness, lack of interest to perform daily activities. Genetic, physiological, biological, social, and environmental factors are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Though several human studies failed to identify the suitable biological markers for depression, some animal studies showed phospholipids play a vital role in the alteration of emotion. Thus, the current study aimed to measure the serum levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) to explore their roles and relationship with depression. Methods This case-control study enrolled 53 MDD patients and 50 HCs matched by age, gender, and body mass index. Based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition, a qualified psychiatrist diagnosed patients and assessed HCs. We applied the Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) to measure the severity of depression. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to measure serum lysophosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine levels. Results We found no alterations of these parameters in serum levels of MDD patients compared to HCs. We also observed a significant positive correlation between LPA and LPC levels in MDD patients. Moreover, the present study showed no significant associations between target markers and either diagnosis of depression or Ham-D scores, or management of depression. Conclusion The present study suggests that LPA and LPC levels probably would not serve as potential biomarkers of MDD. Thus, we recommend further studies with large and more homogeneous populations to explore the exact relationship between serum lipids and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaia Riya
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Maliha A Proma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, BGD
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29
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Brain Responses to Emotional Stimuli after Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatments in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward Personalized Medicine with Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceuticals. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040283. [PMID: 33339120 PMCID: PMC7765544 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements improve the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in randomized-controlled trials and meta-analyses, with the higher efficacy from anti-inflammatory eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than brain-dominant docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To investigate the specific brain mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory anti-depressant nutraceutical compounds, we recruited 24 MDD subjects in this double-blind, head-to-head study with a 12-week EPA or DHA treatment (clinical trial registration number: NCT03871088). The depression severity was assessed by Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Brain responses to emotional stimuli were measured by a 3-Tesla MRI. The correlation between HAM-D scores and brain responses also were tested. Compared to 18 healthy controls, the brain responses of untreated 24 MDD patients mainly revealed hypoactivity in the regions associated with emotion perception and emotion control when processing positive emotion. After treatment, more remitted MDD patients have been observed in the EPA as compared to the DHA groups. In addition, the EPA, but not DHA, treatment revealed increased activity in the regions associated with emotion perception and cognitive control when processing positive emotion. The correlation analysis further revealed negative correlation between HAM-D scores and brain responses in cognitive control regions. The results of this study may imply the compensatory brain responses of cognitive and emotion controls by EPA but not DHA and underpin personalized medicine with anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals toward depression treatments.
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30
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Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Status during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Infant Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123615. [PMID: 33255561 PMCID: PMC7759779 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary components are essential for the structural and functional development of the brain. Among these, docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), is critically necessary for the structure and development of the growing fetal brain in utero. DHA is the major n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain gray matter representing about 15% of all fatty acids in the human frontal cortex. DHA affects neurogenesis, neurotransmitter, synaptic plasticity and transmission, and signal transduction in the brain. Data from human and animal studies suggest that adequate levels of DHA in neural membranes are required for maturation of cortical astrocyte, neurovascular coupling, and glucose uptake and metabolism. Besides, some metabolites of DHA protect from oxidative tissue injury and stress in the brain. A low DHA level in the brain results in behavioral changes and is associated with learning difficulties and dementia. In humans, the third trimester-placental supply of maternal DHA to the growing fetus is critically important as the growing brain obligatory requires DHA during this window period. Besides, DHA is also involved in the early placentation process, essential for placental development. This underscores the importance of maternal intake of DHA for the structural and functional development of the brain. This review describes DHA’s multiple roles during gestation, lactation, and the consequences of its lower intake during pregnancy and postnatally on the 2019 brain development and function.
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31
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101068. [PMID: 33068601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells at low concentration, but their concentrations in extracellular fluids are significantly higher. The biological functions of some of these lysophospholipids have been recently revealed. Remarkably, some of the lysophospholipids play pivotal signaling roles as well as being precursors for membrane biogenesis. Revealing how circulating lysophospholipids are produced, released, transported, and utilized in multi-organ systems is critical to understand their functions. The discovery of enzymes, carriers, transporters, and membrane receptors for these lysophospholipids has shed light on their physiological significance. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of these lysophospholipids via discussing about the proteins regulating their functions. We also discuss about their potential impacts to human health and diseases.
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32
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Yamagata K. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid inhibits neurodegeneration and prevents stroke. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:561-572. [PMID: 32964457 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke severely impairs quality of life and has a high mortality rate. On the other hand, dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents neuronal damage. In this review, we describe the effects of dietary DHA on ischemic stroke-associated neuronal damage and its role in stroke prevention. Recent epidemiological studies have been conducted to analyze stroke prevention through DHA intake. The effects of dietary intake and supply of DHA to neuronal cells, DHA-mediated inhibition of neuronal damage, and its mechanism, including the effects of the DHA metabolite, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), were investigated. These studies revealed that DHA intake was associated with a reduced risk of stroke. Moreover, studies have shown that DHA intake may reduce stroke mortality rates. DHA, which is abundant in fish oil, passes through the blood-brain barrier to accumulate as a constituent of phospholipids in the cell membranes of neuronal cells and astrocytes. Astrocytes supply DHA to neuronal cells, and neuronal DHA, in turn, activates Akt and Raf-1 to prevent neuronal death or damage. Therefore, DHA indirectly prevents neuronal damage. Furthermore, NDP1 blocks neuronal apoptosis. DHA, together with NPD1, may block neuronal damage and prevent stroke. The inhibitory effect on neuronal damage is achieved through the antioxidant (via inducing the Nrf2/HO-1 system) and anti-inflammatory effects (via promoting JNK/AP-1 signaling) of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University (UNBS), Fujisawa, Japan
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33
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LaBarre JL, Puttabyatappa M, Song PXK, Goodrich JM, Zhou L, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Domino SE, Treadwell MC, Dolinoy DC, Padmanabhan V, Burant CF. Maternal lipid levels across pregnancy impact the umbilical cord blood lipidome and infant birth weight. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14209. [PMID: 32848180 PMCID: PMC7449968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major alterations in metabolism occur during pregnancy enabling the mother to provide adequate nutrients to support infant development, affecting birth weight (BW) and potentially long-term risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. We classified dynamic changes in the maternal lipidome during pregnancy and identified lipids associated with Fenton BW z-score and the umbilical cord blood (CB) lipidome. Lipidomics was performed on first trimester maternal plasma (M1), delivery maternal plasma (M3), and CB plasma in 106 mother-infant dyads. Shifts in the maternal and CB lipidome were consistent with the selective transport of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) species into CB. Partial correlation networks demonstrated fluctuations in correlations between lipid groups at M1, M3, and CB, signifying differences in lipid metabolism. Using linear models, LysoPC and LysoPE groups in CB were positively associated with BW. M1 PUFA containing triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids were correlated with CB LysoPC and LysoPE species and total CB polyunsaturated TGs. These results indicate that early gestational maternal lipid levels influence the CB lipidome and its relationship with BW, suggesting an opportunity to modulate maternal diet and improve long-term offspring cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L LaBarre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Center of Statistical Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanu Soni
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Domino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marjorie C Treadwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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34
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Lopes D, Melo T, Rey F, Meneses J, Monteiro FL, Helguero LA, Abreu MH, Lillebø AI, Calado R, Domingues MR. Valuing Bioactive Lipids from Green, Red and Brown Macroalgae from Aquaculture, to Foster Functionality and Biotechnological Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E3883. [PMID: 32858862 PMCID: PMC7504498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine edible macroalgae have functional proprieties that might improve human health and wellbeing. Lipids represent a minor fraction of macroalgae, yet with major interest as main carriers of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and intrinsic bioactive properties. In this study, we used lipid extracts from the green macroalgae Ulva rigida and Codium tomentosum; the red Gracilaria gracilis,Palmaria palmata and Porphyra dioica; and the brown Fucus vesiculosus, produced in a land-based integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. We determined the lipid quality indices based on their fatty acid profiles and their bioactivities as putative antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative agents. The results reveal to be species-specific, namely U. rigida displayed the lowest atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices. Palmaria palmata and F. vesiculosus lipid extracts displayed the lowest inhibitory concentration in the free radical scavenging antioxidant assays. Ulva rigida, C. tomentosum, P. palmata and P. dioica inhibited COX-2 activity by up to 80%, while P. dioica and P. palmata extracts showed the highest cytotoxic potential in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This work enhances the valorization of macroalgae as functional foods and promising ingredients for sustainable and healthy diets and fosters new applications of high-valued algal biomass, in a species-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopes
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, ECOMARE, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Felisa Rey
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Meneses
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Fátima Liliana Monteiro
- iBIMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.L.M.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Luisa A. Helguero
- iBIMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.L.M.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Maria Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus-Production and Trading of Seaweeds and Derived Products Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal;
| | - Ana Isabel Lillebø
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, ECOMARE, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, ECOMARE, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.I.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (F.R.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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35
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Goss KCW, Goss VM, Townsend JP, Koster G, Clark HW, Postle AD. Postnatal adaptations of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in extremely preterm infants: implications for choline and PUFA metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1438-1447. [PMID: 32778895 PMCID: PMC7727469 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism in pregnancy delivers PUFAs from maternal liver to the developing fetus. The transition at birth to diets less enriched in PUFA is especially challenging for immature, extremely preterm infants who are typically supported by total parenteral nutrition. OBJECTIVE The aim was to characterize phosphatidylcholine (PC) and choline metabolism in preterm infants and demonstrate the molecular specificity of PC synthesis by the immature preterm liver in vivo. METHODS This MS-based lipidomic study quantified the postnatal adaptations to plasma PC molecular composition in 31 preterm infants <28 weeks' gestational age. Activities of the cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathways for PC synthesis were assessed from incorporations of deuterated methyl-D9-choline chloride. RESULTS The concentration of plasma PC in these infants increased postnatally from median values of 481 (IQR: 387-798) µM at enrollment to 1046 (IQR: 616-1220) µM 5 d later (P < 0.001). Direct incorporation of methyl-D9-choline demonstrated that this transition was driven by an active CDP-choline pathway that synthesized PC enriched in species containing oleic and linoleic acids. A second infusion of methyl-D9-choline chloride at day 5 clearly indicated continued activity of this pathway. Oxidation of D9-choline through D9-betaine resulted in the transfer of 1 deuterated methyl group to S-adenosylmethionine. A very low subsequent transfer of this labeled methyl group to D3-PC indicated that liver PEMT activity was essentially inactive in these infants. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the preterm infant liver soon after birth, and by extension the fetal liver, was metabolically active in lipoprotein metabolism. The low PEMT activity, which is the only pathway for endogenous choline synthesis and is responsible for hormonally regulated export of PUFAs from adult liver, strongly supports increased supplementation of preterm parenteral nutrition with both choline and PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C W Goss
- Child Health, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria M Goss
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - J Paul Townsend
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Grielof Koster
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Howard W Clark
- Present address for HWC: UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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36
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Semba RD. Perspective: The Potential Role of Circulating Lysophosphatidylcholine in Neuroprotection against Alzheimer Disease. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:760-772. [PMID: 32190891 PMCID: PMC7360459 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive disorder involving cognitive impairment, loss of learning and memory, and neurodegeneration affecting wide areas of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. AD is characterized by altered lipid metabolism in the brain. Lower concentrations of long-chain PUFAs have been described in the frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus in the brain in AD. The brain can synthesize only a few fatty acids; thus, most fatty acids must enter the brain from the blood. Recent studies show that PUFAs such as DHA (22:6) are transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) via a specific LPC receptor at the BBB known as the sodium-dependent LPC symporter 1 (MFSD2A). Higher dietary PUFA intake is associated with decreased risk of cognitive decline and dementia in observational studies; however, PUFA supplementation, with fatty acids esterified in triacylglycerols did not prevent cognitive decline in clinical trials. Recent studies show that LPC is the preferred carrier of PUFAs across the BBB into the brain. An insufficient pool of circulating LPC containing long-chain fatty acids could potentially limit the supply of long-chain fatty acids to the brain, including PUFAs such as DHA, and play a role in the pathobiology of AD. Whether adults with low serum LPC concentrations are at greater risk of developing cognitive decline and AD remains a major gap in knowledge. Preventing and treating cognitive decline and the development of AD remain a major challenge. The LPC pathway is a promising area for future investigators to identify modifiable risk factors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yong-Ping L, Reichetzeder C, Prehn C, Yin LH, Chu C, Elitok S, Krämer BK, Adamski J, Hocher B. Impact of maternal smoking associated lyso-phosphatidylcholine 20:3 on offspring brain development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105591. [PMID: 31954177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy affects fetal neurological development. Metabolomic studies in the general population suggest that smoking is associated with characteristic metabolic alterations. We investigated the association between the maternal smoking status, the fetal metabolome and head circumference at birth, as a surrogate parameter of brain development. 320 mother/newborn pairs of the Berlin Birth Cohort were investigated. Anthropometric parameters, including head circumference, of newborns of smoking mothers, former smoking mothers, and never smoking mothers were compared to assess the impact of maternal smoking behavior. Associations between maternal smoking behavior and 163 cord blood metabolites and associations between newborn head circumference and concentrations of smoking behavior related metabolites were analysed. Male newborns of smoking mothers had a reduced head circumference when compared with newborns from former smoking and never smoking mothers (p < 0.05). Using linear regression models corrected for established confounding factors, maternal smoking during pregnancy showed an independent association with head circumference (95% CI: -0.75~-0.41 cm, p = 2.45×10-11). In a stepwise linear regression model corrected for known confounding factors of brain growth lyso-phosphatidylcholine 20:3 (95% CI: 6.68~39.88 cm, p = 4.62×10-4) was associated with head circumference in male offspring only. None of the metabolites were associated with head circumference of female newborns. In conclusion, maternal smoking during pregnancy impacted on male offspring's development including brain development. The smoking related metabolite lyso-phosphatidylcholine 20:3 was associated with head circumference of male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yong-Ping
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichetzeder
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Liang-Hong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Chu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saban Elitok
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Ernst Von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
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38
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Wang X, Qin X, Li X, Zhao Z, Yang B, Wang Y. An Efficient Synthesis of Lysophosphatidylcholine Enriched with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Immobilized MAS1 Lipase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:242-249. [PMID: 31668065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) with many beneficial effects was effectively synthesized by immobilized MAS1 lipase-catalyzed esterification of n-3 PUFA with sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (GPC) under vacuum in a solvent-free system. Immobilized MAS1 lipase was found to be a more suitable catalyst for the production of n-3 PUFA-rich LPC when compared with Novozym 435. The maximal GPC conversion and LPC content (93.12% and 90.77 mol %) were obtained under the optimized conditions (enzyme loading of 300 U/g substrate, temperature of 55 °C, and n-3 PUFA/GPC molar ratio of 20:1). Moreover, it was observed that 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-lysophosphatidylcholine (sn-1 acyl LPC) was the main reaction product, as demonstrated by molecular docking. These results showed that immobilized MAS1 lipase had high phospholipase activity with a predominant specificity for the sn-1 hydroxyl position of GPC to efficiently synthesize highly pure n-3 PUFA-rich LPC from GPC for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Putian University , Putian 351100 , P. R. China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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Wong BH, Silver DL. Mfsd2a: A Physiologically Important Lysolipid Transporter in the Brain and Eye. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:223-234. [PMID: 32705603 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and essential fatty acids are required for normal brain development and continued photoreceptor membrane biogenesis for the maintenance of vision. The blood-brain barrier and blood-eye barriers prohibit the free diffusion of solutes into the brain and eye so that transporter-mediated uptake predominates at these barriers. The major facilitator superfamily of transporters constitutes one of the largest families of facilitative transporters across all domains of life. A unique family member, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a) is a lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) transporter expressed at the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers and demonstrated to be the major pathway for brain and eye accretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as an LPC. In addition to LPC-DHA, Mfsd2a can transport other LPCs containing mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mfsd2a deficiency in mouse and humans results in severe microcephaly, underscoring the importance of LPC transport in brain development. Beyond its role in brain development, LPC-DHA uptake in the brain and eye negatively regulates de novo lipogenesis. This review focuses on the current understanding of the physiological roles of Mfsd2a in the brain and eye and the proposed transport mechanism of Mfsd2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice H Wong
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David L Silver
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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40
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Sánchez-Campillo M, Ruiz-Palacios M, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Blanco-Carnero JE, Zornoza M, Ruiz-Pastor MJ, Demmelmair H, Sánchez-Solís M, Koletzko B, Larqué E. Child Head Circumference and Placental MFSD2a Expression Are Associated to the Level of MFSD2a in Maternal Blood During Pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:38. [PMID: 32117064 PMCID: PMC7012934 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a world-wide health challenge, which prevalence is expected to increase in parallel to the epidemic of obesity. Children born from GDM mothers have lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cord blood, which might influence their neurodevelopment. Recently, the membrane transporter Major Family Super Domain 2a (MFSD2a) was associated with the selective transportation of DHA as lysophospholipids. The expression of the DHA membrane transporter MFSD2a is lower in GDM placentas, which could affect materno-fetal DHA transport. Humans with homozygous inactivating mutations in the MFSD2a gene present severe microcephaly and intellectual impairments. Herein, we intended to identify early blood biomarkers that may be of use during pregnancy to monitor the offspring development and the adequate nutritional interventions, such as nutritional supplementation, that may be selected to improve it. We evaluated MFSD2a expression in maternal blood at the third trimester of pregnancy, and its potential relationship with the expression of placental MFSD2a at delivery and child outcomes. Three groups of pregnant women were recruited: 25 controls, 23 GDM with dietary treatment, and 20 GDM with insulin treatment. Maternal and neonatal anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated. MFSD2a was analyzed in placenta, blood and serum. MFSD2a protein expression in maternal blood was significantly lower in GDM groups and correlated with placental MFSD2a and Z-score neonatal head circumference during the first 6 months of life. The cord/maternal serum ratio of DHA, a solid indicator of materno-fetal DHA transport, was reduced in GDM groups and correlated with MFSD2a in maternal blood at the third trimester and in placenta at delivery. This indicates that altered MFSD2a levels in maternal blood during pregnancy might influence placental nutrient transport and fetal neurodevelopment. Furthermore, MFSD2a levels in maternal blood on the third trimester were inversely correlated to DHA in maternal serum lyso-PL. Thus, the level of MFSD2a in maternal blood could be used as a potential biomarker for the early detection of disturbances of MFSD2a expression during pregnancy and the subsequent consequences for the neurodevelopment of the child, as well as it may help to choose the optimal treatment approach for the affected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Campillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ruiz-Palacios
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Matilde Zornoza
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-Pastor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, München, Germany
| | | | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, München, Germany
| | - Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elvira Larqué
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41
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Ahmmed MK, Ahmmed F, Tian HS, Carne A, Bekhit AED. Marine omega-3 (n-3) phospholipids: A comprehensive review of their properties, sources, bioavailability, and relation to brain health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:64-123. [PMID: 33319514 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, there has been considerable interest in marine-derived long chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) due to their outstanding health benefits. n-3 LCPUFAs can be found in nature either in triglycerides (TAGs) or in phospholipid (PL) form. From brain health point of view, PL n-3 is more bioavailable and potent compared to n-3 in TAG form, as only PL n-3 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and can be involved in brain biochemical reactions. However, PL n-3 has been ignored in the fish oil industry and frequently removed as an impurity during degumming processes. As a result, PL products derived from marine sources are very limited compared to TAG products. Commercially, PLs are being used in pharmaceutical industries as drug carriers, in food manufacturing as emulsifiers and in cosmetic industries as skin care agents, but most of the PLs used in these applications are produced from vegetable sources that contain less (without EPA, DPA, and DHA) or sometimes no n-3 LCPUFAs. This review provides a comprehensive account of the properties, structures, and major sources of marine PLs, and provides focussed discussion of their relationship to brain health. Epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical studies on n-3 LCPUFAs enriched PLs using different model systems in relation to brain and mental health that have been published over the past few years are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Fishing and Post-Harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Ahmmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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42
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Robert C, Couëdelo L, Vaysse C, Michalski MC. Vegetable lecithins: A review of their compositional diversity, impact on lipid metabolism and potential in cardiometabolic disease prevention. Biochimie 2019; 169:121-132. [PMID: 31786232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable lecithins, widely used in the food industry as emulsifiers, are a mixture of naturally occurring lipids containing more than 50% of phospholipids (PL). PL exert numerous important physiological effects. Their amphiphilic nature notably enables them to stabilise endogenous lipid droplets, conferring them an important role in lipoprotein transport, functionality and metabolism. In addition, beneficial effects of dietary lecithin on metabolic disorders have been reported since the 1990s. This review attempts to summarize the effects of various vegetable lecithins on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, as well as their potential application in the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with metabolic disorders. Despite controversial data concerning the impact of vegetable lecithins on lipid digestion and intestinal absorption, the beneficial effect of lecithin supplementation on plasma and hepatic lipoprotein and cholesterol levels is unequivocal. This is especially true in hyperlipidemic patients. Furthermore, the immense compositional diversity of vegetable lecithins endows them with a vast range of biochemical and biological properties, which remain to be explored in detail. Data on the effects of vegetable lecithins alternative to soybean, both as supplements and as ingredients in different foods, is undoubtedly lacking. Given the exponential demand for vegetable products alternative to those of animal origin, it is of primordial importance that future research is undertaken in order to elucidate the mechanisms by which individual fatty acids and PL from various vegetable lecithins modulate lipid metabolism. The extent to which they may influence parameters associated with metabolic disorders, such as intestinal integrity, low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota must also be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Robert
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France; ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, Canéjan, France
| | - Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, Canéjan, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, Canéjan, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France.
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43
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Hosomi R, Fukunaga K, Nagao T, Shiba S, Miyauchi K, Yoshida M, Takahashi K. Effect of Dietary Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid-Bound Lysophosphatidylcholine Prepared from Fishery By-Products on Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Liver and Brain. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:781-792. [PMID: 31366855 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of improving brain function coupled with its preferential uptake in the brain has garnered attention for docosahexaenoic acid-bound lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LPC). However, studies focusing on the health benefits of dietary DHA-LPC are lacking. We prepared a dietary oil rich in DHA-LPC (DHA-LPC rich oil) via enzymatic modification of phospholipids (PL) extracted from squid (Todarodes pacificus) meal and purification of active carbon, ion exchange resin, and silica gel. We then examined the effects of dietary DHA-LPC rich oil on male Wistar rats by evaluating serum and liver lipid profiles, fatty acid (FA) metabolizing enzyme activity, and the FA composition of serum and brain. The rats were fed a basal diet containing either soybean oil alone (7%) or soybean oil (4.5%) with DHA-LPC rich oil (2.5%) for 28 days, and then evaluated. The rats fed the diet containing DHA-LPC rich oil showed reduced triacylglycerol concentration due, in part, to the enhancement of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and acyl-CoA oxidase activities and suppression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in the liver. Moreover, the dietary DHA-LPC rich oil moderately increased DHA in the FA composition of the rat hippocampus, which may be due to elevated DHA composition in serum LPC. These results suggest that DHA-LPC rich oil has hypolipidemic effect and moderate increase in hippocampal DHA amount in normal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Toshihiro Nagao
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Morinomiya Center
| | | | - Kazumasa Miyauchi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Koretaro Takahashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology.,Previous address: Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
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44
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The effect of high glucose on lipid metabolism in the human placenta. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14114. [PMID: 31575970 PMCID: PMC6773712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy can result in fetal overgrowth, likely due to placental dysfunction, which has health consequences for the infant. Here we test our prediction from previous work using a placental cell line that high glucose concentrations affect placental lipid metabolism. Placentas from women with type 1 (n = 13), type 2 (n = 6) or gestational (n = 12) DM, BMI-matched to mothers without DM (n = 18), were analysed for lipase and fatty acid transport proteins and fatty acid and triglyceride content. Explants from uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 6) cultured in physiological or high glucose were similarly analysed. High glucose levels did not alter placental lipase or transporter expression or the profile and abundance of fatty acids, but triglyceride levels were higher (p < 0.05), suggesting reduced β- oxidation. DM did not affect placental protein expression or fatty acid profile. Triglyceride levels of placentas from mothers with pre-existing DM were similar to controls, but higher in obese women with gestational DM. Maternal hyperglycemia may not affect placental fatty acid uptake and transport. However, placental β-oxidation is affected by high glucose and reduced in a subset of women with DM. Abnormal placental lipid metabolism could contribute to increased maternal-fetal lipid transfer and excess fetal growth in some DM pregnancies.
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45
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Lopes D, Melo T, Meneses J, Abreu MH, Pereira R, Domingues P, Lillebø AI, Calado R, Domingues MR. A New Look for the Red Macroalga Palmaria palmata: A Seafood with Polar Lipids Rich in EPA and with Antioxidant Properties. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090533. [PMID: 31540326 PMCID: PMC6780953 DOI: 10.3390/md17090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmaria palmata is an edible red macroalga widely used for human consumption and valued for its high protein value. Despite its low total lipid content, it is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This seaweed has been scarcely explored with regard to its lipid composition. The polar lipids of seaweeds are nowadays recognized as important phytochemicals contributing to their add value valorization and providing support for claims of potential health benefits. The present study aimed to disclose the polar lipid profile of P. palmata, farmed in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) through modern lipidomic approaches using high-resolution LC-MS and MS/MS and to screen for the antioxidant properties of this red macroalga. A total of 143 molecular species of lipids were identified, belonging to several classes of polar lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, and betaine lipids. It is noteworthy that the most abundant lipid species in each class were esterified with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), accounting for more than 50% of the lipid content. The polar lipid extract rich in EPA showed antioxidant activity with an inhibition concentration (IC) of IC30 = 171 ± 19.8 µg/mL for α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●) and IC50 = 26.2 ± 0.1 µg/mL for 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS●+). Overall, this study highlights that P. palmata farmed in an IMTA framework can be a sustainable source of beneficial lipids with antioxidant activity. Moreover, this red macroalga can be exploited for future applications as a source of lipids rich in EPA for food and feed, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopes
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Meneses
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria H Abreu
- ALGAplus - Produção e comercialização de algas e seus derivados, Lda., 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Rui Pereira
- ALGAplus - Produção e comercialização de algas e seus derivados, Lda., 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid Is a Mediator of Fate-Decision of Adult Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174240. [PMID: 31480215 PMCID: PMC6747551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is enriched with lipids that serve as energy catalyzers or secondary messengers of essential signaling pathways. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid synthesized de novo at low levels in humans, an endogenous supply from its precursors, and is mainly incorporated from nutrition, an exogeneous supply. Decreased levels of DHA have been reported in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Preventing this decrease or supplementing the brain with DHA has been considered as a therapy for the DHA brain deficiency that could be linked with neuronal death or neurodegeneration. The mammalian brain has, however, a mechanism of compensation for loss of neurons in the brain: neurogenesis, the birth of neurons from neural stem cells. In adulthood, neurogenesis is still present, although at a slower rate and with low efficiency, where most of the newly born neurons die. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have been shown to require lipids for proper metabolism for proliferation maintenance and neurogenesis induction. Recent studies have focused on the effects of these essential lipids on the neurobiology of NSPCs. This review aimed to introduce the possible use of DHA to impact NSPC fate-decision as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Choline: Exploring the Growing Science on Its Benefits for Moms and Babies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081823. [PMID: 31394787 PMCID: PMC6722688 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of ensuring adequate choline intakes during pregnancy is increasingly recognized. Choline is critical for a number of physiological processes during the prenatal period with roles in membrane biosynthesis and tissue expansion, neurotransmission and brain development, and methyl group donation and gene expression. Studies in animals and humans have shown that supplementing the maternal diet with additional choline improves several pregnancy outcomes and protects against certain neural and metabolic insults. Most pregnant women in the U.S. are not achieving choline intake recommendations of 450 mg/day and would likely benefit from boosting their choline intakes through dietary and/or supplemental approaches.
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Zhang TT, Xu J, Wang YM, Xue CH. Health benefits of dietary marine DHA/EPA-enriched glycerophospholipids. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Metabolic modulation predicts heart failure tests performance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218153. [PMID: 31220103 PMCID: PMC6586291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic changes that accompany changes in Cardiopulmonary testing (CPET) and heart failure biomarkers (HFbio) are not well known. We undertook metabolomic and lipidomic phenotyping of a cohort of heart failure (HF) patients and utilized Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) to identify associations to CPET and HFBio test performance (peak oxygen consumption (Peak VO2), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), exercise duration, and minute ventilation-carbon dioxide production slope (VE/VCO2 slope), as well as the established HF biomarkers of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP), beta-galactoside-binding protein (galectin-3), and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)). A cohort of 49 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, predominantly males African American, presenting a high frequency of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were used in the study. MRA revealed that metabolic models for VE/VCO2 and Peak VO2 were the most fitted models, and the highest predictors’ coefficients were from Acylcarnitine C18:2, palmitic acid, citric acid, asparagine, and 3-hydroxybutiric acid. Metabolic Pathway Analysis (MetPA) used predictors to identify the most relevant metabolic pathways associated to the study, aminoacyl-tRNA and amino acid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, sphingolipid and glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) found associations of our findings with pre-existing biological knowledge from studies of human plasma metabolism as brain dysfunction and enzyme deficiencies associated with lactic acidosis. Our results indicate a profile of oxidative stress, lactic acidosis, and metabolic syndrome coupled with mitochondria dysfunction in patients with HF tests poor performance. The insights resulting from this study coincides with what has previously been discussed in existing literature thereby supporting the validity of our findings while at the same time characterizing the metabolic underpinning of CPET and HFBio.
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Yalagala PCR, Sugasini D, Dasarathi S, Pahan K, Subbaiah PV. Dietary lysophosphatidylcholine-EPA enriches both EPA and DHA in the brain: potential treatment for depression. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:566-578. [PMID: 30530735 PMCID: PMC6399499 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EPA and DHA protect against multiple metabolic and neurologic disorders. Although DHA appears more effective for neuroinflammatory conditions, EPA is more beneficial for depression. However, the brain contains negligible amounts of EPA, and dietary supplements fail to increase it appreciably. We tested the hypothesis that this failure is due to absorption of EPA as triacylglycerol, whereas the transporter at the blood-brain barrier requires EPA as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). We compared tissue uptake in normal mice gavaged with equal amounts (3.3 μmol/day) of either LPC-EPA or free EPA (surrogate for current supplements) for 15 days and also measured target gene expression. Compared with the no-EPA control, LPC-EPA increased brain EPA >100-fold (from 0.03 to 4 μmol/g); free EPA had little effect. Furthermore, LPC-EPA, but not free EPA, increased brain DHA 2-fold. Free EPA increased EPA in adipose tissue, and both supplements increased EPA and DHA in the liver and heart. Only LPC-EPA increased EPA and DHA in the retina, and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cyclic AMP response element binding protein, and 5-hydroxy tryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A in the brain. These novel results show that brain EPA can be increased through diet. Because LPC-EPA increased both EPA and DHA in the brain, it may help in the treatment of depression as well as neuroinflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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