1
|
Nano drug delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) therapeutics. J Control Release 2022; 352:861-878. [PMID: 36397636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic and hereditary genetic disorders are a global health burden affecting millions of people, with contemporary treatments offering limited relief. Antisense technology treats diseases by targeting their causal agents using its ability to alter or inhibit endogenous or malfunctioning genes. Nine antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs that represent four different chemical classes have been approved for the treatment of rare diseases, including nusinersen, the first new oligonucleotide-based drug. Advances in medicinal chemistry, understanding the molecular pathways, and the availability of vast genetic data have resulted in enormous improvements in the therapeutic performance of ASO drugs; however, their susceptibility to degradation in the circulation, rapid renal clearance, and immunostimulatory adverse effects greatly limit their clinical applications. An increasing number of ASO-based therapeutics is being tested in clinical trials. Improvements to the delivery of ASO drugs could potentially change the therapeutic landscape for many conditions in the near future. This review describes the technological advances and developments in drug delivery systems pertaining to ASO therapeutics.
Collapse
|
2
|
Baraniak D, Boryski J. Triazole-Modified Nucleic Acids for the Application in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. Biomedicines 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 34073038 PMCID: PMC8229351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers studies which exploit triazole-modified nucleic acids in the range of chemistry and biology to medicine. The 1,2,3-triazole unit, which is obtained via click chemistry approach, shows valuable and unique properties. For example, it does not occur in nature, constitutes an additional pharmacophore with attractive properties being resistant to hydrolysis and other reactions at physiological pH, exhibits biological activity (i.e., antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral), and can be considered as a rigid mimetic of amide linkage. Herein, it is presented a whole area of useful artificial compounds, from the clickable monomers and dimers to modified oligonucleotides, in the field of nucleic acids sciences. Such modifications of internucleotide linkages are designed to increase the hybridization binding affinity toward native DNA or RNA, to enhance resistance to nucleases, and to improve ability to penetrate cell membranes. The insertion of an artificial backbone is used for understanding effects of chemically modified oligonucleotides, and their potential usefulness in therapeutic applications. We describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on their implications for synthetic genes and other large modified DNA and RNA constructs including non-coding RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Baraniak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The c-Myb gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through protein-protein interaction and transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways. The protein is frequently overexpressed in human leukemias, breast cancers, and other solid tumors suggesting that it is a bona fide oncogene. c-MYB is often overexpressed by translocation in human tumors with t(6;7)(q23;q34) resulting in c-MYB-TCRβ in T cell ALL, t(X;6)(p11;q23) with c-MYB-GATA1 in acute basophilic leukemia, and t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) with c-MYB-NF1B in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Antisense oligonucleotides to c-MYB were developed to purge bone marrow cells to eliminate tumor cells in leukemias. Recently, small molecules that inhibit c-MYB activity have been developed to disrupt its interaction with p300. The Dmp1 (cyclin D binding myb-like protein 1; Dmtf1) gene was isolated through its virtue for binding to cyclin D2. It is a transcription factor that has a Myb-like repeat for DNA binding. The Dmtf1 protein directly binds to the Arf promoter for transactivation and physically interacts with p53 to activate the p53 pathway. The gene is hemizygously deleted in 35-42% of human cancers and is associated with longer survival. The significances of aberrant expression of c-MYB and DMTF1 proteins in human cancers and their clinical significances are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Varizhuk A, Kochetkova S, Kolganova N, Timofeev E, Florentiev V. Oligonucleotide analogs with peptide internucleotide linkages. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2011; 30:31-48. [PMID: 21259162 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2010.542790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide analogs containing one or a few glycine, L-, and D-alanine or L-and D-phenylalanine residues instead of phosphodiesterinternucleotide linkages were synthesized. The stability of the duplexes formed by modified oligonucleotides and their wildtype complements was studied. Oligonucleotides with D-alanine residues in internucleotide linkages form duplexes more stable than native ones (ΔT(m) +0.2 °C per modification), whereas other modifications destabilize the duplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Varizhuk
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Varizhuk A, Chizhov A, Florentiev V. Synthesis and hybridization data of oligonucleotide analogs with triazole internucleotide linkages, potential antiviral and antitumor agents. Bioorg Chem 2011; 39:127-31. [PMID: 21474159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Triazolyl-functionalized oligonucleotide (ON) analogs have received much attention as potential antitumor and antiviral agents. The most promising of such analogs are those exhibiting high binding affinity toward native DNA/RNA, since they may prove to be efficient antisense or siRNA agents. To date, relatively few ON analogs with triazole internucleotide linkages have been described. In this paper, we report an improved synthesis of a modified dinucleoside phosphoramidite and hybridization data of ON analogs with four-bond triazole internucleotide linkages. We believe these data are essential for comprehensive analysis of the relation between the length of triazole internucleotide linkages and duplex stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Varizhuk
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Vavilov str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elazar V, Adwan H, Rohekar K, Zepp M, Lifshitz-Shovali R, Berger MR, Golomb G. Biodistribution of antisense nanoparticles in mammary carcinoma rat model. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:408-18. [PMID: 20429847 DOI: 10.3109/10717541003777225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and specific delivery of antisenses (ASs) and protection of the sequences from degradation are critical factors for effective therapy. Sustained release nanoparticles (NP) offer increased resistance to nuclease degradation, increased amounts of AS uptake, and the possibility of control in dosing and sustained duration of AS administration. The biodegradable and biocompatible poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) was utilized to encapsulate AS directed against osteopontin (OPN), which is a promising therapeutic target in mammary carcinoma. Whole body biodistribution of OPN AS NP was evaluated in comparison to naked AS, in intact and mammary carcinoma metastasis model bearing rats. Naked and NP encapsulated AS exhibited different biodistribution profiles. AS NP, in contrast to naked AS, tended to accumulate mostly in the spleen, liver, and at the tumor inoculation site. Drug levels in intact organs were negligible. The elimination of naked AS was faster, due to rapid degradation of the unprotected sequence. It is concluded that AS NP protect the AS from degradation, provide efficient AS delivery to the tumor tissue, and minimize AS accumulation in intact organs due to the AS sustained release profile as well as the favorable NP physicochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Elazar
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varizhuk AM, Kochetkova SV, Kolganova NA, Timofeev ÉN, Florent'ev VL. [Oligonucleotides with peptide internucleotide linkage. A novel class of modified oligonucleotides]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:570-3. [PMID: 20823927 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide analogues with replacement of one or more internucleotide phosphodiester linkages with glycine, L- and D-alanine residues have been synthesized (C3'-NH-C(O)-CH(X)-NH-C(O)-C4', X = H, (S)-CH3 and (R)-CH3). The stability of the duplexes formed by the modified oligonucleotides and their wild-type complements have been studied. Incorporation of glycine and L-alanine residues have been shown to substantially decrease the stability the modified duplexes in comparison with that of the wild-type ones (DeltaT(m) approximately -2 degrees C per modification), while the analogs with D-alanine-containing linkages appeared to form duplexes with increased stability (DeltaT(m), approximately +0.2 degrees C per modification).
Collapse
|
8
|
Nishida M, Baba T, Kodama T, Yahara A, Imanishi T, Obika S. Synthesis, RNA selective hybridization and high nuclease resistance of an oligonucleotide containing novel bridged nucleic acid with cyclic urea structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5283-5. [PMID: 20567794 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel bridged nucleic acid bearing cyclic urea structure was successfully synthesized and introduced into oligonucleotide, displaying attractive characteristics of highly RNA selective hybridization ability and excellent resistance towards nuclease degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nemunaitis J, Roth J. Gene-Based Therapies for Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-524-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Sato T, Gotoh N. The FRS2 family of docking/scaffolding adaptor proteins as therapeutic targets of cancer treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:689-700. [PMID: 19456272 DOI: 10.1517/14728220902942330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are two members--FRS2alpha and FRS2beta--in the fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) family of docking/scaffolding adaptor proteins. These proteins function downstream of certain kinds of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are important for tumorigenesis. FRS2alpha acts as a control centre for fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling and encourages tumorigenesis, while FRS2beta regulates EGFR signalling negatively, and might have a tumour suppressive role. Therefore, both proteins could be good therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. OBJECTIVE To examine the physiological and pathological roles of FRS2, especially in cancer, and describe their potential value as therapeutic targets. METHODS A review of relevant literature. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Although it is still difficult to develop small compounds to modify functions of FRS2 adaptor proteins, such compounds may be useful as the next generation of molecular targeting drugs. Combination therapy with RTK-targeting drugs and FRS2-targeting drugs may be useful for cancer treatment in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sato
- The University of Tokyo, Institute of Medical Science, Division of Systems Biomedical Technology, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miyake H, Fujisawa M. Promise of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-based therapy for bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2009; 8:1851-4. [PMID: 19046104 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.12.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
13
|
Kim SH, Kim EJ, Hou JH, Kim JM, Choi HG, Shim CK, Oh YK. Opsonized erythrocyte ghosts for liver-targeted delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Biomaterials 2008; 30:959-67. [PMID: 19027156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) in therapeutic applications requires the development of appropriate analysis and delivery systems. Here, we report a quantitation method and a carrier-mediated AS-ODN delivery system. AS-ODN levels were quantitated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which biotinylated AS-ODNs bound to streptavidin-coated plates were detected by binding of a complementary, dinitrophenol-labeled detector ODN. The ELISA-based assay could detect AS-ODNs at the femtomole level. AS-ODN delivery systems based on opsinized erythrocyte ghosts (EGs) were developed using various combinations of hypotonic solution and resealing buffer to optimize AS-ODN encapsulation efficiencies. AS-ODN and polyethyleneimine (PEI) complex formation did not affect encapsulation into EGs. The ELISA-based assay showed that the pharmacokinetics of AS-ODNs differed significantly among the various delivery methods. Opsonized EG-encapsulated AS-ODNs exhibited a mean residence time (MRT) significantly shorter than AS-ODN encapsulated in EGs. The biodistribution of EG-loaded AS-ODNs depended on opsonization, with opsonized EG carriers producing 4.5-fold higher levels of AS-ODN in the liver compared with unopsonized EGs. These results indicate that opsonized EGs can be used for liver-targeted delivery of AS-ODN and suggest that an ELISA-based method may be useful for studying the in vivo fate of AS-ODNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang J, Zafrullah M, Yang X, Yin X, Zhang Z, Fuks Z, Kolesnick R. Downregulation of KSR1 in pancreatic cancer xenografts by antisense oligonucleotide correlates with tumor drug uptake. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7:1490-5. [PMID: 18719367 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.9.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) technology holds promise for the treatment of cancer, to date there have been no clinical successes. Unfortunately, current assays are not sufficiently sensitive to measure tissue ODN levels. Hence it has not been possible to ascertain whether treatment failures result from failure of drug delivery. To investigate the relationship between drug uptake and therapeutic effect, we developed an ultrasensitive noncompetitive hybridization-ligation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCHL-ELISA) to quantify Kinase Suppressor of Ras1 (KSR1) AS-ODN drug uptake in plasma and tumor tissues. In mice harboring PANC-1 pancreatic cancer xenografts and continuously infused with AS-ODN, our ELISA detects plasma and tumor KSR1 AS-ODN levels over an extended range, from 0.05 nM to 20 nM. Using this sensitive assay, we demonstrate that KSR1 repression in pancreatic cancer xenografts correlates highly with AS-ODN uptake into tumor tissues. In contrast, plasma drug levels do not correlate with tumor drug content or target downregulation. These studies indicate the efficacy of our ELISA, and suggest that tumor biopsy material will need to be procured to estimate the potential of this antisense technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|