1
|
Suzuki H, Yamamoto T. CXCL14-like immunoreactivity in somatostatin-producing cells of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) pancreas. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:158-162. [PMID: 36148519 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examines chemokine CXCL14-like peptide distribution in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) pancreas using a specific anti-human CXCL14 antibody. CXCL14-immunoreactive cells were observed in the pancreatic islet peripheral region. The staining was abolished after pre-absorbing the antibody with recombinant human CXCL14. CXCL14-immunoreactive cells were immuno-positive for somatostatin, but not glucagon and insulin. CXCL14 secreted from somatostatin-producing cells might participate in insulin secretion modulation together with somatostatin. In addition, CXCL14 might participate in glucose homeostasis in co-operation with somatostatin and growth hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirohumi Suzuki
- Department of Biology, University of Teacher Education Fukuoka, Munakata, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamamoto
- Brain Functions and Neuroscience Unit, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zahn N, James-Zorn C, Ponferrada VG, Adams DS, Grzymkowski J, Buchholz DR, Nascone-Yoder NM, Horb M, Moody SA, Vize PD, Zorn AM. Normal Table of Xenopus development: a new graphical resource. Development 2022; 149:dev200356. [PMID: 35833709 PMCID: PMC9445888 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Normal tables of development are essential for studies of embryogenesis, serving as an important resource for model organisms, including the frog Xenopus laevis. Xenopus has long been used to study developmental and cell biology, and is an increasingly important model for human birth defects and disease, genomics, proteomics and toxicology. Scientists utilize Nieuwkoop and Faber's classic 'Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin)' and accompanying illustrations to enable experimental reproducibility and reuse the illustrations in new publications and teaching. However, it is no longer possible to obtain permission for these copyrighted illustrations. We present 133 new, high-quality illustrations of X. laevis development from fertilization to metamorphosis, with additional views that were not available in the original collection. All the images are available on Xenbase, the Xenopus knowledgebase (http://www.xenbase.org/entry/zahn.do), for download and reuse under an attributable, non-commercial creative commons license. Additionally, we have compiled a 'Landmarks Table' of key morphological features and marker gene expression that can be used to distinguish stages quickly and reliably (https://www.xenbase.org/entry/landmarks-table.do). This new open-access resource will facilitate Xenopus research and teaching in the decades to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina James-Zorn
- Xenbase, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Virgilio G. Ponferrada
- Xenbase, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dany S. Adams
- Lucell Diagnostics Inc, 16 Stearns Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Julia Grzymkowski
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Daniel R. Buchholz
- Department of Biology Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Nanette M. Nascone-Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Marko Horb
- National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Sally A. Moody
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Peter D. Vize
- Xenbase, Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Aaron M. Zorn
- Xenbase, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suzuki H, Yamamoto T. Chemokine CXCL14-like immunoreactivity in the αMSH-producing cells and PRL-producing cells of the flat-tailed house gecko pituitary. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:408-413. [PMID: 32037367 PMCID: PMC7192720 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution pattern of chemokine CXCL14-immunoreactive cells was examined by
immunohistochemistry in the pituitary of the gecko Hemidactylus
platyurus. Immunoreactive cells were observed in the pars intermedia and pars
distalis of the pituitary, but not in the pars nervosa. All α-melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (αMSH)-producing cells were immunoreactive for CXCL14 in the pars intermedia. The
CXCL14-immunoreactive cells corresponded to prolactin (PRL)-producing cells but not to
other adenohypophyseal-hormone-producing cells in the pars distalis. CXCL14 secreted from
αMSH-producing cells and PRL-producing cells may regulate insulin release from β cells in
the pancreatic islets as well as glucose uptake in the muscle cells together with αMSH
and/or PRL. In addition, secreted CXCL14 with αMSH and/or PRL may act as a bioactive
factor regulating hormone release in the adenohypophyseal cells of the reptilian pars
distalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirohumi Suzuki
- Department of Biology, University of Teacher Education Fukuoka, Akamabunkyo-machi 1-1, Munakata, Fukuoka 811-4192, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamamoto
- Brain Functions and Neuroscience Unit, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Inaoka-cho 82, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pijanowski L, Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Chadzinska M. A role for CXC chemokines and their receptors in stress axis regulation of common carp. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 280:194-199. [PMID: 31075272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although chemokines mainly function to activate leukocytes and to direct their migration, novel evidence indicates non-immune functions for chemokines within the nervous and endocrine systems. These include development of the nervous system, neuromodulation, neuroendocrine regulation and direct neurotransmitter-like actions. In order to clarify a potential role for chemokines and their receptors in the stress response of fish, we studied changes in the expression patterns of CXC ligands and their receptors in the stress axis organs of carp, during a restraint stress procedure. We showed that stress down-regulated the gene expression of CXCL9-11 (CXCb1 and CXCb2) in stress axis organs and up-regulated expression of CXCR4 chemokine receptor in NPO and pituitary. Moreover, upon stress, reduced gene expression of CXCL12a and CXCL14 was observed in the head kidney. Our results imply that in teleost fish, CXC chemokines and their receptors are involved in neuroendocrine regulation. The active regulation of their expression in stress axis organs during periods of restraint indicates a significant role in the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Pijanowski
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lazo de la Vega L, Samaha MC, Hu K, Bick NR, Siddiqui J, Hovelson DH, Liu CJ, Carter CS, Cho KR, Sciallis AP, Tomlins SA. Multiclonality and Marked Branched Evolution of Low-Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:731-740. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Goto T, Ito Y, Michiue T. Roles of Xenopus chemokine ligand CXCLh (XCXCLh) in early embryogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:226-238. [PMID: 29700804 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several chemokine molecules control cell movements during early morphogenesis. However, it is unclear whether chemokine molecules affect cell fate. Here, we identified and characterized the CXC-type chemokine ligand in Xenopus laevis, Xenopus CXCLh (XCXCLh), during early embryogenesis. XCXCLh is expressed in the dorsal vegetal region at the gastrula stage. Both overexpression and knockdown of XCXCLh in the dorsal region inhibited gastrulation. XCXCLh contributed to the attraction of mesendodermal cells and accelerated the reassembly of scratched culture cells. Also, XCXCLh contributed to early endodermal induction. Overexpression of VegTmRNA or high concentrations of calcium ions induced XCXCLh expression. XCXCLh may play roles in both cell movements and differentiation during early Xenopus embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Goto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Michiue
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ojeda AF, Munjaal RP, Lwigale PY. Knockdown of CXCL14 disrupts neurovascular patterning during ocular development. Dev Biol 2017; 423:77-91. [PMID: 28095300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C motif ligand 14 (CXCL14) is a recently discovered chemokine that is highly conserved in vertebrates and expressed in various embryonic and adult tissues. CXCL14 signaling has been implicated to function as an antiangiogenic and anticancer agent in adults. However, its function during development is unknown. We previously identified novel expression of CXCL14 mRNA in various ocular tissues during development. Here, we show that CXCL14 protein is expressed in the anterior eye at a critical time during neurovascular development and in the retina during neurogenesis. We report that RCAS-mediated knockdown of CXCL14 causes severe neural defects in the eye including precocious and excessive innervation of the cornea and iris. Absence of CXCL14 results in the malformation of the neural retina and misprojection of the retinal ganglion neurons. The ocular neural defects may be due to loss of CXCL12 modulation since recombinant CXCL14 diminishes CXCL12-induced axon growth in vitro. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of CXCL14 causes neovascularization of the cornea. Altogether, our results show for the first time that CXCL14 plays a critical role in modulating neurogenesis and inhibiting ectopic vascularization of the cornea during ocular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Ojeda
- BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, United States; Universidad Santo Tomas, sede Puerto Montt, Buenavecindad #91, Décima región de los Lagos, Chile
| | - Ravi P Munjaal
- BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter Y Lwigale
- BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suzuki H, Yamamoto T. CXCL14-Like Immunoreactivity Exists in Somatostatin-Containing Cells of Mouse Pancreas. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:173-8. [PMID: 26855449 PMCID: PMC4731851 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to investigate the distribution of the chemokine CXCL14, in the mouse pancreas. CXCL14-immunoreactive cells were detected in the peripheral region of the pancreatic islets and were immunoreactive for somatostatin, but not for glucagon, insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the CXCL14-like peptide and somatostatin co-existed in the secretory granules. CXCL14, secreted from somatostatin-containing cells, may modulate insulin secretion in a paracrine fashion, and play a novel role in glucose homeostasis in addition to its well-known chemotactic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshiharu Yamamoto
- Brain Functions and Neuroscience Unit, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jurberg AD, Vasconcelos-Fontes L, Cotta-de-Almeida V. A Tale from TGF-β Superfamily for Thymus Ontogeny and Function. Front Immunol 2015; 6:442. [PMID: 26441956 PMCID: PMC4564722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways control every aspect of cell behavior, organ formation, and tissue homeostasis throughout the lifespan of any individual. This review takes an ontogenetic view focused on the large superfamily of TGF-β/bone morphogenetic protein ligands to address thymus morphogenesis and function in T cell differentiation. Recent findings on a role of GDF11 for reversing aging-related phenotypes are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ; Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Larissa Vasconcelos-Fontes
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Vinícius Cotta-de-Almeida
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Expression of CXCL12 and CXCL14 during eye development in chick and mouse. Gene Expr Patterns 2013; 13:303-10. [PMID: 23727298 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate eye development is a complex multistep process coordinated by signals from the lens, optic cup and periocular mesenchyme. Although chemokines are increasingly being recognized as key players in cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation during embryonic development, their potential role during eye development has not been examined. In this study, we demonstrate by section in situ hybridization that CXCL12 and CXCL14 are expressed during ocular development. CXCL12 is expressed in the periocular mesenchyme, ocular blood vessels, retina, and eyelid mesenchyme, and its expression pattern is conserved between chick and mouse in most tissues. Expression of CXCL14 is localized in the ocular ectoderm, limbal epithelium, scleral papillae, eyelid mesenchyme, corneal keratocytes, hair follicles, and retina, and it was only conserved in the upper eyelid ectoderm of chick and mouse. The unique and non-overlapping patterns of CXCL12 and CXCL14 expression in ocular tissues suggest that these two chemokines may interact and have important functions in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration during eye development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Calcium-calmodulin signaling induced by epithelial cell differentiation upregulates BRAK/CXCL14 expression via the binding of SP1 to the BRAK promoter region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:217-22. [PMID: 22382027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine BRAK/CXCL14 (BRAK) is expressed in normal squamous epithelium, but is not expressed or is expressed at negligible levels in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Malignant cells are known to be dedifferentiated compared with normal epithelial cells, suggesting a role for differentiation cues in the expression of BRAK. Thus, we examined the relationship between BRAK expression and stages of differentiation level in epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that BRAK protein was expressed in cells above the spinous cell layer in normal epithelia. In HSC-3 cells in culture, expression of BRAK mRNA was significantly upregulated by cell contact in a cell density-dependent manner, and mRNA expression of cell differentiation markers such as involucrin, cystatin-A, TGM1, TGM3, and TGM5 was concomitantly augmented. Furthermore, the upregulation of BRAK induced by cell contact was suppressed by chlorpromazine, a specific inhibitor of calmodulin. We previously reported that GC boxes and a TATA-like sequence in the BRAK promoter region are associated with the expression of BRAK. Using a promoter assay and ChIP, we demonstrated that binding of the stimulating protein-1 (SP1) transcription factor to a GC box upstream of the BRAK transcription start site was necessary for cell density-dependent upregulation of BRAK. These results indicated that upregulation of BRAK was accompanied by differentiation of epithelial cells induced by calcium/calmodulin signaling, and that SP1 binding to the BRAK promoter region played an important role in this signaling.
Collapse
|
12
|
Suzuki H, Itoh M, Yamamoto T. CXCL14-like immunoreactivity in growth hormone-containing cells of urodele pituitaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 174:53-7. [PMID: 22119756 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to investigate the distribution of a chemokine, namely, CXCL14-like immunoreactivity in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Japanese black salamander (Hynobius nigrescens) pituitaries. CXCL14-immunoreactive cells concentrated at an area of the pars distalis adjacent to the pars intermedia. We found that these cells correspond to the cells immunoreactive to an antibody against rat growth hormone (GH). Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the CXCL14-like substance and GH coexisted on the secretory granules in the axolotl pituitary. Western blot analysis of axolotl pituitary extracts revealed the anti-human CXCL14 antibody labeled an approximately 16.6-kDa band that was not labeled by the anti-GH antibody. The CXCL14-like substance in the pars distalis may participate in GH functions in these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirohumi Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Fukuoka University of Education, Munakata, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pshennikova ES, Voronina AS. Cement gland as the adhesion organ in Xenopus laevis embryos. Russ J Dev Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360411040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Goto T, Asashima M. Chemokine ligand Xenopus CXCLC (XCXCLC) regulates cell movements during early morphogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2011; 53:971-81. [PMID: 22103472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2011.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We cloned the gene for the CXC-type chemokine ligand, Xenopus CXCLC (XCXCLC), the transcripts of which were detected at the dorsal midline during the gastrula and neurula stages. XCXCLC overexpression resulted in the attraction of nearby mesodermal cells, and the excess of chemoattractant interfered with convergent and extension movements. The direction of the deep neural plate cells around the notoplate was also controlled by XCXCLC. Fluorescence signals for XCXCLC + enhanced green fluorescent protein derivatives accumulated around the notochord region. These results indicate that XCXCLC attracts adjacent cells to the midline region, so as to ensure accurate lateral-medial directional tissue convergence during gastrulation and neurulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Goto
- ICORP Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Banisadr G, Bhattacharyya BJ, Belmadani A, Izen SC, Ren D, Tran PB, Miller RJ. The chemokine BRAK/CXCL14 regulates synaptic transmission in the adult mouse dentate gyrus stem cell niche. J Neurochem 2011; 119:1173-82. [PMID: 21955359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine BRAK/CXCL14 is an ancient member of the chemokine family whose functions in the brain are completely unknown. We examined the distribution of CXCL14 in the nervous system during development and in the adult. Generally speaking, CXCL14 was not expressed in the nervous system prior to birth, but it was expressed in the developing whisker follicles (E14.5) and subsequently in the hair follicles and skin. Postnatally, CXCL14 was also highly expressed in many regions of the brain, including the cortex, basal ganglia, septum and hippocampus. CXCL14 was also highly expressed in the dorsal root ganglia. We observed that in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) CXCL14 was expressed by GABAergic interneurons. We demonstrated that CXCL14 inhibited GABAergic transmission to nestin-EGFP-expressing neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult DG. CXCL14 inhibited both the tonic and phasic effects of synaptically released GABA. In contrast CXCL12 enhanced the effects of GABA at these same synapses. CXCL14 increased [Ca(2+)](i) in neural stem cells cultured from the postnatal brain indicating that they expressed the CXCL14 receptor. These observations are consistent with the view that CXCL12 and CXCL14 may normally act as positive and negative regulators of the effects of GABA in the adult DG stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Banisadr
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
García-Andrés C, Torres M. Comparative expression pattern analysis of the highly conserved chemokines SDF1 and CXCL14 during amniote embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:2769-77. [PMID: 21038449 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are secreted proteins with essential roles in leukocyte trafficking and cell migration during embryogenesis. CXCL14 displays a degree of evolutionary conservation unmatched by any other chemokine except for SDF1(CXCL12). However, its role during embryogenesis has not been studied. Here we describe the expression pattern of mouse and chicken CXCL14 during embryogenesis and compare it with that of SDF1. CXCL14 is widely expressed in embryonic ectoderm and shows a restricted and dynamic expression pattern in paraxial mesoderm, mesonephros, neural tube, and limbs. During limb development, CXCL14 marks a unique connective tissue subset that surrounds developing tendons. Comparison of CXCL14 and SDF1 reveals mostly non-overlapping or complementary expression patterns, suggesting an interactive regulation of developmental processes by these two chemokines. Our study identifies CXCL14 as a novel marker of tendon connective tissue and provides a conceptual framework for the coordinated action of two highly conserved chemokines in embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara García-Andrés
- Department of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|