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Martier A, Chen Z, Schaps H, Mondrinos MJ, Fang JS. Capturing physiological hemodynamic flow and mechanosensitive cell signaling in vessel-on-a-chip platforms. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1425618. [PMID: 39135710 PMCID: PMC11317428 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1425618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in organ chip (or, "organ-on-a-chip") technologies and microphysiological systems (MPS) have enabled in vitro investigation of endothelial cell function in biomimetic three-dimensional environments under controlled fluid flow conditions. Many current organ chip models include a vascular compartment; however, the design and implementation of these vessel-on-a-chip components varies, with consequently varied impact on their ability to capture and reproduce hemodynamic flow and associated mechanosensitive signaling that regulates key characteristics of healthy, intact vasculature. In this review, we introduce organ chip and vessel-on-a-chip technology in the context of existing in vitro and in vivo vascular models. We then briefly discuss the importance of mechanosensitive signaling for vascular development and function, with focus on the major mechanosensitive signaling pathways involved. Next, we summarize recent advances in MPS and organ chips with an integrated vascular component, with an emphasis on comparing both the biomimicry and adaptability of the diverse approaches used for supporting and integrating intravascular flow. We review current data showing how intravascular flow and fluid shear stress impacts vessel development and function in MPS platforms and relate this to existing work in cell culture and animal models. Lastly, we highlight new insights obtained from MPS and organ chip models of mechanosensitive signaling in endothelial cells, and how this contributes to a deeper understanding of vessel growth and function in vivo. We expect this review will be of broad interest to vascular biologists, physiologists, and cardiovascular physicians as an introduction to organ chip platforms that can serve as viable model systems for investigating mechanosensitive signaling and other aspects of vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Martier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Z. Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - H. Schaps
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - M. J. Mondrinos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - J. S. Fang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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2
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Huniadi M, Nosálová N, Almášiová V, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Hudáková N, Cizkova D. Three-Dimensional Cultivation a Valuable Tool for Modelling Canine Mammary Gland Tumour Behaviour In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:695. [PMID: 38667310 PMCID: PMC11049302 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cultivation has been one of the most popular methods in research for decades. Currently, scientists routinely use two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures of commercially available cell lines and primary cultures to study cellular behaviour, responses to stimuli, and interactions with their environment in a controlled laboratory setting. In recent years, 3D cultivation has gained more attention in modern biomedical research, mainly due to its numerous advantages compared to 2D cultures. One of the main goals where 3D culture models are used is the investigation of tumour diseases, in both animals and humans. The ability to simulate the tumour microenvironment and design 3D masses allows us to monitor all the processes that take place in tumour tissue created not only from cell lines but directly from the patient's tumour cells. One of the tumour types for which 3D culture methods are often used in research is the canine mammary gland tumour (CMT). The clinically similar profile of the CMT and breast tumours in humans makes the CMT a suitable model for studying the issue not only in animals but also in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Natália Nosálová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Viera Almášiová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Nikola Hudáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
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3
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Tao TP, Brandmair K, Gerlach S, Przibilla J, Schepky A, Marx U, Hewitt NJ, Maschmeyer I, Kühnl J. Application of a skin and liver Chip2 microphysiological model to investigate the route-dependent toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of consumer-relevant doses of genistein. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:287-300. [PMID: 37700462 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The HUMMIC skin-liver Chip2 microphysiological system using EpiDerm™ and HepaRG and stellate liver spheroids was used to evaluate the route-specific metabolism and toxicodynamic effects of genistein. Human-relevant exposure levels were compared: 60 nM representing the plasma concentration expected after topical application of a cosmetic product and 1 μM representing measured plasma concentrations after ingesting soya products. Genistein was applied as single and repeated topical and/or systemic doses. The kinetics of genistein and its metabolites were measured over 5 days. Toxicodynamic effects were measured using transcriptional analyses of skin and liver organoids harvested on Days 2 and 5. Route-specific differences in genistein's bioavailability were observed, with first-pass metabolism (sulfation) occurring in the skin after topical application. Only repeated application of 1 μM, resembling daily oral intake of soya products, induced statistically significant changes in gene expression in liver organoids only. This was concomitant with a much higher systemic concentration of genistein which was not reached in any other dosing scenario. This suggests that single or low doses of genistein are rapidly metabolised which limits its toxicodynamic effects on the liver and skin. Therefore, by facilitating longer and/or repeated applications, the Chip2 can support safety assessments by linking relevant gene modulation with systemically available parent or metabolite(s). The rate of metabolism was in accordance with the short half-life observed in in vivo in humans, thus supporting the relevance of the findings. In conclusion, the skin-liver Chip2 provides route-specific information on metabolic fate and toxicodynamics that may be relevant to safety assessment.
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4
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Pelkonen O, Abass K, Parra Morte JM, Panzarea M, Testai E, Rudaz S, Louisse J, Gundert-Remy U, Wolterink G, Jean-Lou CM D, Coecke S, Bernasconi C. Metabolites in the regulatory risk assessment of pesticides in the EU. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1304885. [PMID: 38188093 PMCID: PMC10770266 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1304885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A large majority of chemicals is converted into metabolites through xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes. Metabolites may present a spectrum of characteristics varying from similar to vastly different compared with the parent compound in terms of both toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. In the pesticide arena, the role of metabolism and metabolites is increasingly recognised as a significant factor particularly for the design and interpretation of mammalian toxicological studies and in the toxicity assessment of pesticide/metabolite-associated issues for hazard characterization and risk assessment purposes, including the role of metabolites as parts in various residues in ecotoxicological adversities. This is of particular relevance to pesticide metabolites that are unique to humans in comparison with metabolites found in in vitro or in vivo animal studies, but also to disproportionate metabolites (quantitative differences) between humans and mammalian species. Presence of unique or disproportionate metabolites may underlie potential toxicological concerns. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art of comparative metabolism and metabolites in pesticide research for hazard and risk assessment, including One Health perspectives, and future research needs based on the experiences gained at the European Food Safety Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Pelkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Khaled Abass
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Emanuela Testai
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jochem Louisse
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolterink
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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5
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Wagener F, Naumann N, Göldner V, Görgens C, Guddat S, Karst U, Thevis M. Comparison of in vitro approaches for predicting the metabolism of the selective androgen receptor modulator RAD140. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5657-5669. [PMID: 37421437 PMCID: PMC10473985 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification of metabolites allows for the expansion of possible targets for anti-doping analysis. Especially for novel substances such as selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), information on metabolic fate is scarce. Novel approaches such as the organ on a chip technology may provide a metabolic profile that resembles human in vivo samples more closely than approaches that rely on human liver fractions only. In this study, the SARM RAD140 was metabolized by means of subcellular human liver fractions, human liver spheroids in an organ on a chip platform, and electrochemical (EC) conversion. The resulting metabolites were analyzed with LC-HRMS/MS and compared to a human doping control urine sample that yielded an adverse analytical finding for RAD140. A total of 16 metabolites were detected in urine, while 14, 13, and 7 metabolites were detected in samples obtained from the organ on a chip experiment, the subcellular liver fraction, and EC experiments, respectively. All tested techniques resulted in the detection of RAD140 metabolites. In the organ on a chip samples, the highest number of metabolites were detected. The subcellular liver fractions and organ on a chip techniques are deemed complementary to predict metabolites of RAD140, as both techniques produce distinct metabolites that are also found in an anonymized human in vivo urine sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Wagener
- Center for Preventive Doping Research/Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nana Naumann
- Center for Preventive Doping Research/Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Valentin Göldner
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- International Graduate School for Battery Chemistry, Characterization, Analysis, Recycling and Application (BACCARA), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Görgens
- Center for Preventive Doping Research/Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Guddat
- Center for Preventive Doping Research/Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- International Graduate School for Battery Chemistry, Characterization, Analysis, Recycling and Application (BACCARA), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research/Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Aydogmus H, Hu M, Ivancevic L, Frimat JP, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Sarro PM, Mastrangeli M. An organ-on-chip device with integrated charge sensors and recording microelectrodes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8062. [PMID: 37202451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of tissue microphysiology is a key enabling feature of the organ-on-chip (OoC) approach for in vitro drug screening and disease modeling. Integrated sensing units are particularly convenient for microenvironmental monitoring. However, sensitive in vitro and real-time measurements are challenging due to the inherently small size of OoC devices, the characteristics of commonly used materials, and external hardware setups required to support the sensing units. Here we propose a silicon-polymer hybrid OoC device that encompasses transparency and biocompatibility of polymers at the sensing area, and has the inherently superior electrical characteristics and ability to house active electronics of silicon. This multi-modal device includes two sensing units. The first unit consists of a floating-gate field-effect transistor (FG-FET), which is used to monitor changes in pH in the sensing area. The threshold voltage of the FG-FET is regulated by a capacitively-coupled gate and by the changes in charge concentration in close proximity to the extension of the floating gate, which functions as the sensing electrode. The second unit uses the extension of the FG as microelectrode, in order to monitor the action potential of electrically active cells. The layout of the chip and its packaging are compatible with multi-electrode array measurement setups, which are commonly used in electrophysiology labs. The multi-functional sensing is demonstrated by monitoring the growth of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons. Our multi-modal sensor is a milestone in combined monitoring of different, physiologically-relevant parameters on the same device for future OoC platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Aydogmus
- ECTM, Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
| | - Michel Hu
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lovro Ivancevic
- ECTM, Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Philippe Frimat
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pasqualina M Sarro
- ECTM, Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mastrangeli
- ECTM, Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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7
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Loewa A, Feng JJ, Hedtrich S. Human disease models in drug development. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-15. [PMID: 37359774 PMCID: PMC10173243 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research is undergoing a paradigm shift towards approaches centred on human disease models owing to the notoriously high failure rates of the current drug development process. Major drivers for this transition are the limitations of animal models, which, despite remaining the gold standard in basic and preclinical research, suffer from interspecies differences and poor prediction of human physiological and pathological conditions. To bridge this translational gap, bioengineered human disease models with high clinical mimicry are being developed. In this Review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies that benefited from these models, focusing on organoids, bioengineered tissue models and organs-on-chips. Furthermore, we provide a high-level design framework to facilitate clinical translation and accelerate drug development using bioengineered human disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Loewa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James J. Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center of Biological Design, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MCD), Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Morales Pantoja IE, Smirnova L, Muotri AR, Wahlin KJ, Kahn J, Boyd JL, Gracias DH, Harris TD, Cohen-Karni T, Caffo BS, Szalay AS, Han F, Zack DJ, Etienne-Cummings R, Akwaboah A, Romero JC, Alam El Din DM, Plotkin JD, Paulhamus BL, Johnson EC, Gilbert F, Curley JL, Cappiello B, Schwamborn JC, Hill EJ, Roach P, Tornero D, Krall C, Parri R, Sillé F, Levchenko A, Jabbour RE, Kagan BJ, Berlinicke CA, Huang Q, Maertens A, Herrmann K, Tsaioun K, Dastgheyb R, Habela CW, Vogelstein JT, Hartung T. First Organoid Intelligence (OI) workshop to form an OI community. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1116870. [PMID: 36925616 PMCID: PMC10013972 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is arguably the most powerful computation system known. It is extremely efficient in processing large amounts of information and can discern signals from noise, adapt, and filter faulty information all while running on only 20 watts of power. The human brain's processing efficiency, progressive learning, and plasticity are unmatched by any computer system. Recent advances in stem cell technology have elevated the field of cell culture to higher levels of complexity, such as the development of three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids that recapitulate human brain functionality better than traditional monolayer cell systems. Organoid Intelligence (OI) aims to harness the innate biological capabilities of brain organoids for biocomputing and synthetic intelligence by interfacing them with computer technology. With the latest strides in stem cell technology, bioengineering, and machine learning, we can explore the ability of brain organoids to compute, and store given information (input), execute a task (output), and study how this affects the structural and functional connections in the organoids themselves. Furthermore, understanding how learning generates and changes patterns of connectivity in organoids can shed light on the early stages of cognition in the human brain. Investigating and understanding these concepts is an enormous, multidisciplinary endeavor that necessitates the engagement of both the scientific community and the public. Thus, on Feb 22-24 of 2022, the Johns Hopkins University held the first Organoid Intelligence Workshop to form an OI Community and to lay out the groundwork for the establishment of OI as a new scientific discipline. The potential of OI to revolutionize computing, neurological research, and drug development was discussed, along with a vision and roadmap for its development over the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzy E. Morales Pantoja
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Archealization Center (ArchC), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Karl J. Wahlin
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Kahn
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J. Lomax Boyd
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Microphysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timothy D. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian S. Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander S. Szalay
- Department of Computer Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Statistics and Economics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Donald J. Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ralph Etienne-Cummings
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akwasi Akwaboah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - July Carolina Romero
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dowlette-Mary Alam El Din
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jesse D. Plotkin
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Barton L. Paulhamus
- Department of Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Erik C. Johnson
- Department of Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Frederic Gilbert
- Philosophy Program, School of Humanities, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | | | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Eric J. Hill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Roach
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinic Hospital August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Krall
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rheinallt Parri
- Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fenna Sillé
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rabih E. Jabbour
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Maryland Global Campus, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Cynthia A. Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexandra Maertens
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kathrin Herrmann
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raha Dastgheyb
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christa Whelan Habela
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua T. Vogelstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT)-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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9
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Kuromi Y, Kitamura S, Endo T, Ueno S, Kokura K, Ohbayashi T. Cisplatin Induces Cell Death in Rat Adult Kidney Stem/ Progenitor Cell-Derived Kidney Organoids. Yonago Acta Med 2023; 66:153-158. [PMID: 36820290 PMCID: PMC9937970 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The use of stem/ progenitor cell-derived organoids to evaluate the toxicity of chemical substances has widely increased. Organoids with nephron-like structures (NLS) can be derived from rat adult kidney stem/ progenitor cells (rKS cells) using three-dimensional culture. In this study, we examined the effects of cisplatin, an anticancer drug that induces nephrotoxicity in vivo, on rKS cell-derived NLS. Methods Twelve organoids were simultaneously derived from three-dimensionally cultured rKS cells in Matrigel matrices. The surface area of each organoid was measured using microscopy-based imaging, and the morphological changes of NLS were monitored using an image analysis method. NLS were exposed to cisplatin, and their associated effects were assessed. Results NLS elongated over time. The surface areas of the 12 organoids were almost constant. Cisplatin exposure induced cell death in NLS and inhibited the increase in the surface area of the organoids. Conclusion Cisplatin exposure induces damage to NLS derived from rKS cells. Thus, the organoids may be valuable as an in vitro model to assess nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kuromi
- Research Facility, Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Research Facility, Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shota Ueno
- Research Facility, Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan,Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda, Chiba 278-0037, Japan
| | - Kenji Kokura
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Research Facility, Advanced Medicine & Translational Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Hinkelman K, Yang Y, Zuo W. Design methodologies and engineering applications for ecosystem biomimicry: an interdisciplinary review spanning cyber, physical, and cyber-physical systems. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2023; 18:021001. [PMID: 36669206 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acb520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem biomimicry is a promising pathway for sustainable development. However, while typical form- and process-level biomimicry is prevalent, system-level ecosystem biomimicry remains a nascent practice in numerous engineering fields. This critical review takes an interdisciplinary approach to synthesize trends across case studies, evaluate design methodologies, and identify future opportunities when applying ecosystem biomimicry to engineering practices, including cyber systems (CS), physical systems (PS), and cyber-physical systems (CPS). After systematically sourcing publications from major databases, the papers were first analyzed at a meta level for their bibliographic context and for statistical correlations among categorical variables. Then, we investigated deeper into the engineering applications and design methodologies. Results indicate that CPS most frequently mimic organisms and ecosystems, while CS and PS frequently mimic populations-communities and molecules-tissues-organ systems, respectively (statistically highly significant). An indirect approach is most often used for mimicry at organizational levels from populations to ecosystems, while a direct approach frequently suits levels from molecules to organisms (highly significant). Dominant themes across engineering applications include symbiotic organism search algorithms for CS and ecological network analysis for CPS, while PS are highly diverse. For design methodologies, this work summarizes and details ten well-documented biomimetic process models among literature, which addresses an outdated concern for a lack of systematic methods for ecosystem biomimicry. In addition to the Biomimetics Standard ISO 18458, these methods include the Natural Step and Techno-Ecological Synergy framework, among others. Further, the analyses revealed future opportunities from less utilized design methods (e.g. interdisciplinary teams tackling indirect, ecosystem-level projects) to well-established engineering concepts ready for technological advancement (e.g. implementing membrane computing for physical applications). For future studies, this review provides a comprehensive reference for ecosystem biomimetic design practices and application opportunities across multiple engineering domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hinkelman
- Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Yizhi Yang
- Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Wangda Zuo
- Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
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11
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Gilbert DF, Friedrich O, Wiest J. Assaying Proliferation Characteristics of Cells Cultured Under Static Versus Periodic Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2644:35-45. [PMID: 37142914 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3052-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional in vitro culture models are widely being employed for assessing a vast variety of biological questions in different scientific fields. Common in vitro culture models are typically maintained under static conditions, where the surrounding culture medium is replaced every few days-typically every 48 to 72 h-with the aim to remove metabolites and to replenish nutrients. Although this approach is sufficient for supporting cellular survival and proliferation, static culture conditions do mostly not reflect the in vivo situation where cells are continuously being perfused by extracellular fluid, and thus, create a less-physiological environment. In order to evaluate whether the proliferation characteristics of cells in 2D culture maintained under static conditions differ from cells kept in a dynamic environment, in this chapter, we provide a protocol for differential analysis of cellular growth under static versus pulsed-perfused conditions, mimicking continuous replacement of extracellular fluid in the physiological environment. The protocol involves long-term life-cell high-content time-lapse imaging of fluorescent cells at 37 °C and ambient CO2 concentration using multi-parametric biochips applicable for microphysiological analysis of cellular vitality. We provide instructions and useful information for (i) the culturing of cells in biochips, (ii) setup of cell-laden biochips for culturing cells under static and pulsed-perfused conditions, (iii) long-term life-cell high-content time-lapse imaging of fluorescent cells in biochips, and (iv) quantification of cellular proliferation from image series generated from imaging of differentially cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Gilbert
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CBI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CBI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Nahle Z. A proof-of-concept study poised to remodel the drug development process: Liver-Chip solutions for lead optimization and predictive toxicology. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:1053588. [PMID: 36590153 PMCID: PMC9800902 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.1053588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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13
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Casas B, Vilén L, Bauer S, Kanebratt KP, Wennberg Huldt C, Magnusson L, Marx U, Andersson TB, Gennemark P, Cedersund G. Integrated experimental-computational analysis of a HepaRG liver-islet microphysiological system for human-centric diabetes research. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010587. [PMID: 36260620 PMCID: PMC9621595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are powerful tools for emulating human physiology and replicating disease progression in vitro. MPS could be better predictors of human outcome than current animal models, but mechanistic interpretation and in vivo extrapolation of the experimental results remain significant challenges. Here, we address these challenges using an integrated experimental-computational approach. This approach allows for in silico representation and predictions of glucose metabolism in a previously reported MPS with two organ compartments (liver and pancreas) connected in a closed loop with circulating medium. We developed a computational model describing glucose metabolism over 15 days of culture in the MPS. The model was calibrated on an experiment-specific basis using data from seven experiments, where HepaRG single-liver or liver-islet cultures were exposed to both normal and hyperglycemic conditions resembling high blood glucose levels in diabetes. The calibrated models reproduced the fast (i.e. hourly) variations in glucose and insulin observed in the MPS experiments, as well as the long-term (i.e. over weeks) decline in both glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. We also investigated the behaviour of the system under hypoglycemia by simulating this condition in silico, and the model could correctly predict the glucose and insulin responses measured in new MPS experiments. Last, we used the computational model to translate the experimental results to humans, showing good agreement with published data of the glucose response to a meal in healthy subjects. The integrated experimental-computational framework opens new avenues for future investigations toward disease mechanisms and the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders. Microphysiological systems (MPS) are powerful tools to unravel biological knowledge underlying disease. MPS provide a physiologically relevant, human-based in vitro setting, which can potentially yield better translatability to humans than current animal models and traditional cell cultures. However, mechanistic interpretation and extrapolation of the experimental results to human outcome remain significant challenges. In this study, we confront these challenges using an integrated experimental-computational approach. We present a computational model describing glucose metabolism in a previously reported MPS integrating liver and pancreas. This MPS supports a homeostatic feedback loop between HepaRG/HHSteC spheroids and pancreatic islets, and allows for detailed investigations of mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes in humans. We show that the computational model captures the complex dynamics of glucose-insulin regulation observed in the system, and can provide mechanistic insight into disease progression features, such as insulin resistance and β-cell dynamics. Furthermore, the computational model can explain key differences in temporal dynamics between MPS and human responses, and thus provides a tool for translating experimental insights into human outcome. The integrated experimental-computational framework opens new avenues for future investigations toward disease mechanisms and the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Casas
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Liisa Vilén
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kajsa P. Kanebratt
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Wennberg Huldt
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Magnusson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy B. Andersson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Cedersund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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14
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Mou L, Mandal K, Mecwan MM, Hernandez AL, Maity S, Sharma S, Herculano RD, Kawakita S, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Integrated biosensors for monitoring microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3801-3816. [PMID: 36074812 PMCID: PMC9635816 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00262k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs), also known as organ-on-a-chip models, aim to recapitulate the functional components of human tissues or organs in vitro. Over the last decade, with the advances in biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidics, numerous MPSs have emerged with applications to study diseased and healthy tissue models. Various organs have been modeled using MPS technology, such as the heart, liver, lung, and blood-brain barrier. An important aspect of in vitro modeling is the accurate phenotypical and functional characterization of the modeled organ. However, most conventional characterization methods are invasive and destructive and do not allow continuous monitoring of the cells in culture. On the other hand, microfluidic biosensors enable in-line, real-time sensing of target molecules with an excellent limit of detection and in a non-invasive manner, thereby effectively overcoming the limitation of the traditional techniques. Consequently, microfluidic biosensors have been increasingly integrated into MPSs and used for in-line target detection. This review discusses the state-of-the-art microfluidic biosensors by providing specific examples, detailing their main advantages in monitoring MPSs, and highlighting current developments in this field. Finally, we describe the remaining challenges and potential future developments to advance the current state-of-the-art in integrated microfluidic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mou
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Marvin Magan Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ana Lopez Hernandez
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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15
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Apical Medium Flow Influences the Morphology and Physiology of Human Proximal Tubular Cells in a Microphysiological System. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100516. [PMID: 36290484 PMCID: PMC9598399 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro human kidney models for disease modelling and detecting drug-induced effects given the limited choice of cells and difficulty implementing quasi-physiological culture conditions. We investigated the influence of fluid shear stress on primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) cultured in the micro-physiological Vitrofluid device. This system houses cells seeded on semipermeable membranes and can be connected to a regulable pump that enables controlled, unidirectional flow. After 7 days in culture, RPTECs maintained physiological characteristics such as barrier integrity, protein uptake ability, and expression of specific transporters (e.g., aquaporin-1). Exposure to constant apical side flow did not cause cytotoxicity, cell detachment, or intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. However, unidirectional flow profoundly affected cell morphology and led to primary cilia lengthening and alignment in the flow direction. The dynamic conditions also reduced cell proliferation, altered plasma membrane leakiness, increased cytokine secretion, and repressed histone deacetylase 6 and kidney injury molecule 1 expression. Cells under flow also remained susceptible to colistin-induced toxicity. Collectively, the results suggest that dynamic culture conditions in the Vitrofluid system promote a more differentiated phenotype in primary human RPTECs and represent an improved in vitro kidney model.
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16
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A State-of-the-Art Review on the Alternatives to Animal Testing for the Safety Assessment of Cosmetics. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost a decade after the stipulated deadline in the 7th amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive, which bans the marketing of animal-tested cosmetics in the EU from 2013, animal experimentation for cosmetic-related purposes remains a topic of animated debate. Cosmetic industry continues to be scrutinised for the practice, despite its leading role in funding and adopting innovation in this field. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the field on alternative testing methods, also known as New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), with the focus on assessing the safety of cosmetic ingredients and products. It starts with innovation drivers and global regulatory responses, followed by an extensive, endpoint-specific overview of accepted/prospective NAMs. The overview covers main developments in acute toxicity, skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/irritation, skin sensitisation, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity/endocrine disruption, mutagenicity/genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, photo-induced toxicity, and toxicokinetics. Specific attention was paid to the emerging in silico methodology. This paper also provides a brief overview of the studies on public perception of animal testing in cosmetics. It concludes with a view that educating consumers and inviting them to take part in advocacy could be an effective tool to achieve policy changes, regulatory acceptance, and investment in innovation.
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17
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Caloni F, De Angelis I, Hartung T. Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1935-1950. [PMID: 35503372 PMCID: PMC9151502 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternative methods to animal use in toxicology are evolving with new advanced tools and multilevel approaches, to answer from one side to 3Rs requirements, and on the other side offering relevant and valid tests for drugs and chemicals, considering also their combination in test strategies, for a proper risk assessment.While stand-alone methods, have demonstrated to be applicable for some specific toxicological predictions with some limitations, the new strategy for the application of New Approach Methods (NAM), to solve complex toxicological endpoints is addressed by Integrated Approaches for Testing and Assessment (IATA), aka Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) or Defined Approaches for Testing and Assessment (DA). The central challenge of evidence integration is shared with the needs of risk assessment and systematic reviews of an evidence-based Toxicology. Increasingly, machine learning (aka Artificial Intelligence, AI) lends itself to integrate diverse evidence streams.In this article, we give an overview of the state of the art of alternative methods and IATA in toxicology for regulatory use for various hazards, outlining future orientation and perspectives. We call on leveraging the synergies of integrated approaches and evidence integration from in vivo, in vitro and in silico as true in vivitrosi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabella De Angelis
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
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18
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Lohasz C, Loretan J, Sterker D, Görlach E, Renggli K, Argast P, Frey O, Wiesmann M, Wartmann M, Rausch M, Hierlemann A. A Microphysiological Cell-Culturing System for Pharmacokinetic Drug Exposure and High-Resolution Imaging of Arrays of 3D Microtissues. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785851. [PMID: 35342386 PMCID: PMC8954798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD)-relationship of a drug candidate is key to determine effective, yet safe treatment regimens for patients. However, current testing strategies are inefficient in characterizing in vivo responses to fluctuating drug concentrations during multi-day treatment cycles. Methods based on animal models are resource-intensive and require time, while traditional in vitro cell-culturing methods usually do not provide temporally-resolved information on the effects of in vivo–like drug exposure scenarios. To address this issue, we developed a microfluidic system to 1) culture arrays of three-dimensional spheroids in vitro, to 2) apply specific dynamic drug exposure profiles, and to 3) in-situ analyze spheroid growth and the invoked drug effects in 3D by means of 2-photon microscopy at tissue and single-cell level. Spheroids of fluorescently-labeled T-47D breast cancer cells were monitored under perfusion-culture conditions at short time intervals over three days and exposed to either three 24 h-PK-cycles or a dose-matched constant concentration of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor BYL719. While the overall efficacy of the two treatment regimens was similar, spheroids exposed to the PK profile displayed cycle-dependent oscillations between regression and regrowth. Spheroids treated with a constant BYL719 concentration regressed at a steady, albeit slower rate. At a single-cell level, the cell density in BYL719-treated spheroids oscillated in a concentration-dependent manner. Our system represents a versatile tool for in-depth preclinical characterization of PK/PD parameters, as it enables an evaluation of drug efficacy and/or toxicity under realistic exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lohasz
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario Sterker
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Kasper Renggli
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Argast
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marion Wiesmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Rausch
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
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Ishida S. Research and Development of Microphysiological Systems in Japan Supported by the AMED-MPS Project. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:657765. [PMID: 35295097 PMCID: PMC8915811 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.657765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) have been actively developed as a new technology for in vitro toxicity testing platforms in recent years. MPS are culture techniques for the reconstruction of the specific functions of human organs or tissues in a limited space to create miniaturized human test systems. MPS have great promise as next-generation in vitro toxicity assessment systems. Here, I will review the current status of MPS and discuss the requirements that must be met in order for MPS to be implemented in the field of drug discovery, presenting the example of an in vitro cell assay system for drug-induced liver injury, which is the research subject in our laboratory. Projects aimed at the development of MPS were implemented early in Europe and the United States, and the AMED-MPS project was launched in Japan in 2017. The AMED-MPS project involves industry, government, and academia. Researchers in the field of drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry also participate in the project. Based on the discussions made in the project, I will introduce the requirements that need to be met by liver-MPS as in vitro toxicity test platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Ishida
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
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20
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Hernando S, Nikolakopoulou P, Voulgaris D, Hernandez RM, Igartua M, Herland A. Dual effect of TAT functionalized DHAH lipid nanoparticles with neurotrophic factors in human BBB and microglia cultures. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 35300705 PMCID: PMC8928663 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are an accelerating global health problem. Nevertheless, the stronghold of the brain- the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents drug penetrance and dwindles effective treatments. Therefore, it is crucial to identify Trojan horse-like drug carriers that can effectively cross the blood–brain barrier and reach the brain tissue. We have previously developed polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-based nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), namely DHAH-NLC. These carriers are modulated with BBB-permeating compounds such as chitosan (CS) and trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) from HIV-1 that can entrap neurotrophic factors (NTF) serving as nanocarriers for NDs treatment. Moreover, microglia are suggested as a key causative factor of the undergoing neuroinflammation of NDs. In this work, we used in vitro models to investigate whether DHAH-NLCs can enter the brain via the BBB and investigate the therapeutic effect of NTF-containing DHAH-NLC and DHAH-NLC itself on lipopolysaccharide-challenged microglia. Methods We employed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) to capitalize on the in vivo-like TEER of this BBB model and quantitatively assessed the permeability of DHAH-NLCs. We also used the HMC3 microglia cell line to assess the therapeutic effect of NTF-containing DHAH-NLC upon LPS challenge. Results TAT-functionalized DHAH-NLCs successfully crossed the in vitro BBB model, which exhibited high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) values (≈3000 Ω*cm2). Specifically, the TAT-functionalized DHAH-NLCs showed a permeability of up to 0.4% of the dose. Furthermore, using human microglia (HMC3), we demonstrate that DHAH-NLCs successfully counteracted the inflammatory response in our cultures after LPS challenge. Moreover, the encapsulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GNDF)-containing DHAH-NLCs (DHAH-NLC-GNDF) activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, suggesting the triggering of the endogenous anti-oxidative system present in microglia. Conclusions Overall, this work shows that the TAT-functionalized DHAH-NLCs can cross the BBB, modulate immune responses, and serve as cargo carriers for growth factors; thus, constituting an attractive and promising novel drug delivery approach for the transport of therapeutics through the BBB into the brain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00315-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hernando
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Anna Herland
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.
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21
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Danku AE, Dulf EH, Braicu C, Jurj A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Organ-On-A-Chip: A Survey of Technical Results and Problems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:840674. [PMID: 35223800 PMCID: PMC8866728 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.840674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OoC), also known as micro physiological systems or "tissue chips" have attracted substantial interest in recent years due to their numerous applications, especially in precision medicine, drug development and screening. Organ-on-a-chip devices can replicate key aspects of human physiology, providing insights into the studied organ function and disease pathophysiology. Moreover, these can accurately be used in drug discovery for personalized medicine. These devices present useful substitutes to traditional preclinical cell culture methods and can reduce the use of in vivo animal studies. In the last few years OoC design technology has seen dramatic advances, leading to a wide range of biomedical applications. These advances have also revealed not only new challenges but also new opportunities. There is a need for multidisciplinary knowledge from the biomedical and engineering fields to understand and realize OoCs. The present review provides a snapshot of this fast-evolving technology, discusses current applications and highlights advantages and disadvantages for biomedical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ede Danku
- Department of Automation, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva-H Dulf
- Department of Automation, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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Muthu S, Kartheek RR, Jeyaraman N, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Jeyaraman M, Packkyarathinam RP, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Is Culture Expansion Necessary in Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy to Obtain Superior Results in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis?-Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120220. [PMID: 34940373 PMCID: PMC8698637 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Design: Meta-analysis. Objectives: We aimed to analyze the impact of cultured expansion of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) available in the literature. Materials and Methods: We conducted independent and duplicate electronic database searches including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until August 2021 for RCTs analyzing the efficacy and safety of culture-expanded compared to non-cultured autologous MSCs in the management of knee osteoarthritis. The Visual Analog Score (VAS) for pain, Western Ontario McMaster University's Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lysholm score, Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and adverse events were the analyzed outcomes. Analysis was performed in R-platform using OpenMeta [Analyst] software. Results: Overall, 17 studies involving 767 patients were included for analysis. None of the studies made a direct comparison of the culture expanded and non-cultured MSCs, hence we pooled the results of all the included studies of non-cultured and cultured types of MSC sources and made a comparative analysis of the outcomes. At six months, culture expanded MSCs showed significantly better improvement (p < 0.001) in VAS outcome. Uncultured MSCs, on the other hand, demonstrated significant VAS improvement in the long term (12 months) in VAS (p < 0.001), WOMAC (p = 0.025), KOOS score (p = 0.016) where cultured-expanded MSCs failed to demonstrate a significant change. Culturing of MSCs did not significantly increase the complications noted (p = 0.485). On sub-group analysis, adipose-derived uncultured MSCs outperformed culture-expanded MSCs at both short term (six months) and long term (12 months) in functional outcome parameters such as WOMAC (p < 0.001, p = 0.025), Lysholm (p < 0.006), and KOOS (p < 0.003) scores, respectively, compared to their controls. Conclusions: We identified a void in literature evaluating the impact of culture expansion of MSCs for use in knee osteoarthritis. Our indirect analysis of literature showed that culture expansion of autologous MSCs is not a necessary factor to obtain superior results in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Moreover, while using uncultured autologous MSCs, we recommend MSCs of adipose origin to obtain superior functional outcomes. However, we urge future trials of sufficient quality to validate our findings to arrive at a consensus on the need for culture expansion of MSCs for use in cellular therapy of knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.R.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Randhi Rama Kartheek
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.R.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.R.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.R.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226401, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.R.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (R.P.P.); (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
| | - Rathinavelpandian Perunchezhian Packkyarathinam
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.R.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai 600002, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (R.P.P.); (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (R.P.P.); (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (R.P.P.); (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
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23
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Turhan AG, Hwang JW, Chaker D, Tasteyre A, Latsis T, Griscelli F, Desterke C, Bennaceur-Griscelli A. iPSC-Derived Organoids as Therapeutic Models in Regenerative Medicine and Oncology. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728543. [PMID: 34722569 PMCID: PMC8548367 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress made during the last decade in stem cell biology allows currently an unprecedented potential to translate these advances into the clinical applications and to shape the future of regenerative medicine. Organoid technology is amongst these major developments, derived from primary tissues or more recently, from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The use of iPSC technology offers the possibility of cancer modeling especially in hereditary cancers with germline oncogenic mutations. Similarly, it has the advantage to be amenable to genome editing with introduction of specific oncogenic alterations using CRISPR-mediated gene editing. In the field of regenerative medicine, iPSC-derived organoids hold promise for the generation of future advanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMP) for organ repair. Finally, it appears that they can be of highly useful experimental tools to determine cell targets of SARS-Cov-2 infections allowing to test anti-Covid drugs. Thus, with the possibilities of genomic editing and the development of new protocols for differentiation toward functional tissues, it is expected that iPSC-derived organoid technology will represent also a therapeutic tool in all areas of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali G Turhan
- INSERM UA/09 UMR-S 935, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,APHP Paris Saclay, Department of Hematology, Hopital Bicetre and Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France.,CITHERA, Centre for IPSC Therapies, INSERM UMS-45, Genopole, Evry, France
| | - Jinwook W Hwang
- INSERM UA/09 UMR-S 935, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Diana Chaker
- INSERM UA/09 UMR-S 935, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France.,CITHERA, Centre for IPSC Therapies, INSERM UMS-45, Genopole, Evry, France
| | - Albert Tasteyre
- INSERM UA/09 UMR-S 935, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France.,CITHERA, Centre for IPSC Therapies, INSERM UMS-45, Genopole, Evry, France
| | - Theodoros Latsis
- INSERM UA/09 UMR-S 935, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- INSERM UA/09 UMR-S 935, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France.,CITHERA, Centre for IPSC Therapies, INSERM UMS-45, Genopole, Evry, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UA/09 UMR-S 935, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- INSERM UA/09 UMR-S 935, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,APHP Paris Saclay, Department of Hematology, Hopital Bicetre and Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France.,CITHERA, Centre for IPSC Therapies, INSERM UMS-45, Genopole, Evry, France
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24
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Zinger A, Cvetkovic C, Sushnitha M, Naoi T, Baudo G, Anderson M, Shetty A, Basu N, Covello J, Tasciotti E, Amit M, Xie T, Taraballi F, Krencik R. Humanized Biomimetic Nanovesicles for Neuron Targeting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101437. [PMID: 34382379 PMCID: PMC8498895 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanovesicles (NVs) are emerging as innovative, theranostic tools for cargo delivery. Recently, surface engineering of NVs with membrane proteins from specific cell types has been shown to improve the biocompatibility of NVs and enable the integration of functional attributes. However, this type of biomimetic approach has not yet been explored using human neural cells for applications within the nervous system. Here, this paper optimizes and validates the scalable and reproducible production of two types of neuron-targeting NVs, each with a distinct lipid formulation backbone suited to potential therapeutic cargo, by integrating membrane proteins that are unbiasedly sourced from human pluripotent stem-cell-derived neurons. The results establish that both endogenous and genetically engineered cell-derived proteins effectively transfer to NVs without disruption of their physicochemical properties. NVs with neuron-derived membrane proteins exhibit enhanced neuronal association and uptake compared to bare NVs. Viability of 3D neural sphere cultures is not disrupted by treatment, which verifies the utility of organoid-based approaches as NV testing platforms. Finally, these results confirm cellular association and uptake of the biomimetic humanized NVs to neurons within rodent cranial nerves. In summary, the customizable NVs reported here enable next-generation functionalized theranostics aimed to promote neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zinger
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteOrthopedics and Sports MedicineHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
- Laboratory for Bioinspired Nano Engineering and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Chemical EngineeringTechnion−Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Caroline Cvetkovic
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteDepartment of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Manuela Sushnitha
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteOrthopedics and Sports MedicineHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Tomoyuki Naoi
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteOrthopedics and Sports MedicineHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Gherardo Baudo
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteOrthopedics and Sports MedicineHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Morgan Anderson
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteDepartment of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Arya Shetty
- Department of BioSciencesRice UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Nupur Basu
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteDepartment of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Jennifer Covello
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | | | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteOrthopedics and Sports MedicineHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Robert Krencik
- Center for NeuroregenerationHouston Methodist Research InstituteDepartment of NeurosurgeryHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX77030USA
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25
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Marx U, Accastelli E, David R, Erfurth H, Koenig L, Lauster R, Ramme AP, Reinke P, Volk HD, Winter A, Dehne EM. An Individual Patient's "Body" on Chips-How Organismoid Theory Can Translate Into Your Personal Precision Therapy Approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728866. [PMID: 34589503 PMCID: PMC8473633 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first concepts for reproducing human systemic organismal biology in vitro were developed over 12 years ago. Such concepts, then called human- or body-on-a-chip, claimed that microphysiological systems would become the relevant technology platform emulating the physiology and morphology of human organisms at the smallest biologically acceptable scale in vitro and, therefore, would enable the selection of personalized therapies for any patient at unprecedented precision. Meanwhile, the first human organoids-stem cell-derived complex three-dimensional organ models that expand and self-organize in vitro-have proven that in vitro self-assembly of minute premature human organ-like structures is feasible, once the respective stimuli of ontogenesis are provided to human stem cells. Such premature organoids can precisely reflect a number of distinct physiological and pathophysiological features of their respective counterparts in the human body. We now develop the human-on-a-chip concepts of the past into an organismoid theory. We describe the current concept and principles to create a series of organismoids-minute, mindless and emotion-free physiological in vitro equivalents of an individual's mature human body-by an artificially short process of morphogenetic self-assembly mimicking an individual's ontogenesis from egg cell to sexually mature organism. Subsequently, we provide the concept and principles to maintain such an individual's set of organismoids at a self-sustained functional healthy homeostasis over very long time frames in vitro. Principles how to perturb a subset of healthy organismoids by means of the natural or artificial induction of diseases are enrolled to emulate an individual's disease process. Finally, we discuss using such series of healthy and perturbed organismoids in predictively selecting, scheduling and dosing an individual patient's personalized therapy or medicine precisely. The potential impact of the organismoid theory on our healthcare system generally and the rapid adoption of disruptive personalized T-cell therapies particularly is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Marx
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- TissUse GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rhiannon David
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Roland Lauster
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Vunjak-Novakovic G, Ronaldson-Bouchard K, Radisic M. Organs-on-a-chip models for biological research. Cell 2021; 184:4597-4611. [PMID: 34478657 PMCID: PMC8417425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We explore the utility of bioengineered human tissues-individually or connected into physiological units-for biological research. While much smaller and simpler than their native counterparts, these tissues are complex enough to approximate distinct tissue phenotypes: molecular, structural, and functional. Unlike organoids, which form spontaneously and recapitulate development, "organs-on-a-chip" are engineered to display some specific functions of whole organs. Looking back, we discuss the key developments of this emerging technology. Thinking forward, we focus on the challenges faced to fully establish, validate, and utilize the fidelity of these models for biological research.
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27
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Maoz BM. Brain-on-a-Chip: Characterizing the next generation of advanced in vitro platforms for modeling the central nervous system. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:030902. [PMID: 34368601 PMCID: PMC8325567 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain creates significant, almost insurmountable challenges for neurological drug development. Advanced in vitro platforms are increasingly enabling researchers to overcome these challenges, by mimicking key features of the brain's composition and functionality. Many of these platforms are called "Brains-on-a-Chip"-a term that was originally used to refer to microfluidics-based systems containing miniature engineered tissues, but that has since expanded to describe a vast range of in vitro central nervous system (CNS) modeling approaches. This Perspective seeks to refine the definition of a Brain-on-a-Chip for the next generation of in vitro platforms, identifying criteria that determine which systems should qualify. These criteria reflect the extent to which a given platform overcomes the challenges unique to in vitro CNS modeling (e.g., recapitulation of the brain's microenvironment; inclusion of critical subunits, such as the blood-brain barrier) and thereby provides meaningful added value over conventional cell culture systems. The paper further outlines practical considerations for the development and implementation of Brain-on-a-Chip platforms and concludes with a vision for where these technologies may be heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M. Maoz
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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28
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Modafferi S, Zhong X, Kleensang A, Murata Y, Fagiani F, Pamies D, Hogberg HT, Calabrese V, Lachman H, Hartung T, Smirnova L. Gene-Environment Interactions in Developmental Neurotoxicity: a Case Study of Synergy between Chlorpyrifos and CHD8 Knockout in Human BrainSpheres. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:77001. [PMID: 34259569 PMCID: PMC8278985 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a major public health concern caused by complex genetic and environmental components. Mechanisms of gene-environment (G × E ) interactions and reliable biomarkers associated with ASD are mostly unknown or controversial. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients or with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-introduced mutations in candidate ASD genes provide an opportunity to study (G × E ) interactions. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to identify a potential synergy between mutation in the high-risk autism gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (CHD8) and environmental exposure to an organophosphate pesticide (chlorpyrifos; CPF) in an iPSC-derived human three-dimensional (3D) brain model. METHODS This study employed human iPSC-derived 3D brain organoids (BrainSpheres) carrying a heterozygote CRISPR/Cas9-introduced inactivating mutation in CHD8 and exposed to CPF or its oxon-metabolite (CPO). Neural differentiation, viability, oxidative stress, and neurite outgrowth were assessed, and levels of main neurotransmitters and selected metabolites were validated against human data on ASD metabolic derangements. RESULTS Expression of CHD8 protein was significantly lower in CHD8 heterozygous knockout (C H D 8 + / - ) BrainSpheres compared with C H D 8 + / + ones. Exposure to CPF/CPO treatment further reduced CHD8 protein levels, showing the potential (G × E ) interaction synergy. A novel approach for validation of the model was chosen: from the literature, we identified a panel of metabolic biomarkers in patients and assessed them by targeted metabolomics in vitro. A synergistic effect was observed on the cholinergic system, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, lactic acid, tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and α -hydroxyglutaric acid levels. Neurite outgrowth was perturbed by CPF/CPO exposure. Heterozygous knockout of CHD8 in BrainSpheres led to an imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and lower levels of dopamine. DISCUSSION This study pioneered (G × E ) interaction in iPSC-derived organoids. The experimental strategy enables biomonitoring and environmental risk assessment for ASD. Our findings reflected some metabolic perturbations and disruption of neurotransmitter systems involved in ASD. The increased susceptibility of CHD 8 + / - BrainSpheres to chemical insult establishes a possibly broader role of (G × E ) interaction in ASD. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Modafferi
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Xiali Zhong
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andre Kleensang
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yohei Murata
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Research Center, Nihon Nohyaku Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Francesca Fagiani
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS) Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helena T. Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Herbert Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Clark AM, Allbritton NL, Wells A. Integrative microphysiological tissue systems of cancer metastasis to the liver. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 71:157-169. [PMID: 32580025 PMCID: PMC7750290 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the most commonly involved organ in metastases from a wide variety of solid tumors. The use of biologically and cellularly complex liver tissue systems have shown that tumor cell behavior and therapeutic responses are modulated within the liver microenvironment and in ways distinct from the behaviors in the primary locations. These microphysiological systems have provided unexpected and powerful insights into the tumor cell biology of metastasis. However, neither the tumor nor the liver exist in an isolated tissue situation, having to function within a complete body and respond to systemic events as well as those in other organs. To examine the influence of one organ on the function of other tissues, microphysiological systems are being linked. Herein, we discuss extending this concept to tumor metastases by integrating complex models of the primary tumor with the liver metastatic environment. In addition, inflammatory organs and the immune system can be incorporated into these multi-organ systems to probe the effects on tumor behavior and cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Shankaran A, Prasad K, Chaudhari S, Brand A, Satyamoorthy K. Advances in development and application of human organoids. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:257. [PMID: 33977021 PMCID: PMC8105691 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innumerable studies associated with cellular differentiation, tissue response and disease modeling have been conducted in two-dimensional (2D) culture systems or animal models. This has been invaluable in deciphering the normal and disease states in cell biology; the key shortcomings of it being suitability for translational or clinical correlations. The past decade has seen several major advances in organoid culture technologies and this has enhanced our understanding of mimicking organ reconstruction. The term organoid has generally been used to describe cellular aggregates derived from primary tissues or stem cells that can self-organize into organotypic structures. Organoids mimic the cellular microenvironment of tissues better than 2D cell culture systems and represent the tissue physiology. Human organoids of brain, thyroid, gastrointestinal, lung, cardiac, liver, pancreatic and kidney have been established from various diseases, healthy tissues and from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Advances in patient-derived organoid culture further provides a unique perspective from which treatment modalities can be personalized. In this review article, we have discussed the current strategies for establishing various types of organoids of ectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal origin. We have also discussed their applications in modeling human health and diseases (such as cancer, genetic, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases), applications in regenerative medicine and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith Shankaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Keshava Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Sima Chaudhari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Angela Brand
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Department International Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
- United Nations University- Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute On Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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31
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Pistollato F, Madia F, Corvi R, Munn S, Grignard E, Paini A, Worth A, Bal-Price A, Prieto P, Casati S, Berggren E, Bopp SK, Zuang V. Current EU regulatory requirements for the assessment of chemicals and cosmetic products: challenges and opportunities for introducing new approach methodologies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1867-1897. [PMID: 33851225 PMCID: PMC8166712 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and other EU regulations, such as REACH and the Cosmetic Products Regulation advocate for a change in the way toxicity testing is conducted. Whilst the Cosmetic Products Regulation bans animal testing altogether, REACH aims for a progressive shift from in vivo testing towards quantitative in vitro and computational approaches. Several endpoints can already be addressed using non-animal approaches including skin corrosion and irritation, serious eye damage and irritation, skin sensitisation, and mutagenicity and genotoxicity. However, for systemic effects such as acute toxicity, repeated dose toxicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity, evaluation of chemicals under REACH still heavily relies on animal tests. Here we summarise current EU regulatory requirements for the human health assessment of chemicals under REACH and the Cosmetic Products Regulation, considering the more critical endpoints and identifying the main challenges in introducing alternative methods into regulatory testing practice. This supports a recent initiative taken by the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods (ICATM) to summarise current regulatory requirements specific for the assessment of chemicals and cosmetic products for several human health-related endpoints, with the aim of comparing different jurisdictions and coordinating the promotion and ultimately the implementation of non-animal approaches worldwide. Recent initiatives undertaken at European level to promote the 3Rs and the use of alternative methods in current regulatory practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistollato
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Federica Madia
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Raffaella Corvi
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Sharon Munn
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Elise Grignard
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Alicia Paini
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Andrew Worth
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Silvia Casati
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Elisabet Berggren
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Stephanie K Bopp
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Valérie Zuang
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Unit F3 Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi, 2749. TP126, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Sakolish C, House JS, Chramiec A, Liu Y, Chen Z, Halligan SP, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Rusyn I. Tissue-Engineered Bone Tumor as a Reproducible Human in Vitro Model for Studies of Anticancer Drugs. Toxicol Sci 2021; 173:65-76. [PMID: 31626302 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of anticancer therapies in traditional cell culture models can demonstrate efficacy of direct-acting compounds but lack the 3-dimensional arrangement of the tumor cells and their tissue-specific microenvironments, both of which are important modulators of treatment effects in vivo. Bone cells reside in complex environments that regulate their fate and function. A bioengineered human bone-tumor model has been shown to provide a microphysiological niche for studies of cancer cell behavior. Here, we demonstrate successful transfer between 2 laboratories and utility of this model in efficacy studies using well-established chemotherapeutic agents. The bioengineered human bone-tumor model consisted of Ewing sarcoma (RD-ES) cancer cell aggregates infused into tissue-engineered bone that was grown from human mesenchymal stem cell-derived differentiated into osteoblasts within mineralized bone scaffolds. The tumor model was maintained in culture for over 5 weeks and subjected to clinically relevant doses of linsitinib, doxorubicin, cisplatin, methotrexate, vincristine, dexamethasone, or MAP (methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin combination). Drug administration cycles were designed to mimic clinical treatment regimens. The bioengineered tumors were evaluated days to weeks after the cessation of treatment to monitor the potential for relapse, using bioengineered bone and ES cell monolayers as controls. Drug binding to the scaffolds and media proteins and gene expression were also evaluated. We show that a bioengineered human bone tumor can be used as a microphysiological model for preclinical studies of anticancer drugs. We found that anticancer efficacy was achieved at concentrations approximating the human Cmax, in contrast to traditional ES cell monolayers. These studies show that the bone-tumor model can be successfully transferred between laboratories and has predictive power in preclinical studies. The effects of drugs on the bone tumors and healthy bone were studied in parallel, in support of the utility of this model for identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - John S House
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Alan Chramiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Yizhong Liu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Susan P Halligan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | | | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Gough A, Soto-Gutierrez A, Vernetti L, Ebrahimkhani MR, Stern AM, Taylor DL. Human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems in drug development and precision medicine. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:252-268. [PMID: 33335282 PMCID: PMC9106093 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiology systems (MPS), also called organs-on-chips and tissue chips, are miniaturized functional units of organs constructed with multiple cell types under a variety of physical and biochemical environmental cues that complement animal models as part of a new paradigm of drug discovery and development. Biomimetic human liver MPS have evolved from simpler 2D cell models, spheroids and organoids to address the increasing need to understand patient-specific mechanisms of complex and rare diseases, the response to therapeutic treatments, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of potential therapeutics. The parallel development and application of transdisciplinary technologies, including microfluidic devices, bioprinting, engineered matrix materials, defined physiological and pathophysiological media, patient-derived primary cells, and pluripotent stem cells as well as synthetic biology to engineer cell genes and functions, have created the potential to produce patient-specific, biomimetic MPS for detailed mechanistic studies. It is projected that success in the development and maturation of patient-derived MPS with known genotypes and fully matured adult phenotypes will lead to advanced applications in precision medicine. In this Review, we examine human biomimetic liver MPS that are designed to recapitulate the liver acinus structure and functions to enhance our knowledge of the mechanisms of disease progression and of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of therapeutic candidates and drugs as well as to evaluate their mechanisms of action and their application in precision medicine and preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mo R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew M Stern
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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34
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Carius P, Horstmann JC, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Lehr CM. Disease Models: Lung Models for Testing Drugs Against Inflammation and Infection. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 265:157-186. [PMID: 33095300 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases have increasingly attracted interest in the past years. The all-known fear of failing treatments against severe pulmonary infections and plans of the pharmaceutical industry to limit research on anti-infectives to a minimum due to cost reasons makes infections of the lung nowadays a "hot topic." Inhalable antibiotics show promising efficacy while limiting adverse systemic effects to a minimum. Moreover, in times of increased life expectancy in developed countries, the treatment of chronic maladies implicating inflammatory diseases, like bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, becomes more and more exigent and still lacks proper treatment.In this chapter, we address in vitro models as well as necessary in vivo models to help develop new drugs for the treatment of various severe pulmonary diseases with a strong focus on infectious diseases. By first presenting the essential hands-on techniques for the setup of in vitro models, we intend to combine these with already successful and interesting model approaches to serve as some guideline for the development of future models. The overall goal is to maximize time and cost-efficacy and to minimize attrition as well as animal trials when developing novel anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Justus C Horstmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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35
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Adhikary PP, Ul Ain Q, Hocke AC, Hedtrich S. COVID-19 highlights the model dilemma in biomedical research. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 6:374-376. [PMID: 33747552 PMCID: PMC7967778 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Scientists worldwide struggle to identify suitable animal models to study SARS-CoV-2 infections. Interspecies-related differences, such as host specificity, divergent immune responses, or the unavailability of species-specific reagents hamper the research. Human-based models, such as micro-engineered multi-organs-on-chip, may hold the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho Protim Adhikary
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Qurrat Ul Ain
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Andreas Christian Hocke
- Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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Advances in 3D neuronal microphysiological systems: towards a functional nervous system on a chip. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:191-206. [PMID: 33438114 PMCID: PMC7802613 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) designed to study the complexities of the peripheral and central nervous systems have made marked improvements over the years and have allowed researchers to assess in two and three dimensions the functional interconnectivity of neuronal tissues. The recent generation of brain organoids has further propelled the field into the nascent recapitulation of structural, functional, and effective connectivities which are found within the native human nervous system. Herein, we will review advances in culture methodologies, focused especially on those of human tissues, which seek to bridge the gap from 2D cultures to hierarchical and defined 3D MPS with the end goal of developing a robust nervous system-on-a-chip platform. These advances have far-reaching implications within basic science, pharmaceutical development, and translational medicine disciplines.
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Chrz J, Hošíková B, Svobodová L, Očadlíková D, Kolářová H, Dvořáková M, Kejlová K, Malina L, Jírová G, Vlková A, Mannerström M. Comparison of methods used for evaluation of mutagenicity/genotoxicity of model chemicals - parabens. Physiol Res 2020; 69:S661-S679. [PMID: 33646007 PMCID: PMC8603696 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing worldwide efforts to replace (reduce) animal testing and to improve alternative in vitro tests which may be more efficient in terms of both time, cost and scientific validity include also genotoxicity/mutagenicity endpoints. The aim of the review article was to summarize currently available in vitro testing approaches in this field, their regulatory acceptance and recommended combinations for classification of chemicals. A study using the combination of Comet Assay performed on two cell lines and the Chromosomal Aberration test on human peripheral lymphocytes was performed with the aim to predict the genotoxic potential of selected paraben esters, serving as a model chemical group. Parabens are widely used in consumer products as preservatives and have been reported to exhibit inconclusive results in numerous genotoxicity studies. The Comet Assay identified Ethylparaben and Benzylparaben as potentially genotoxic. The Chromosomal Aberration test revealed weak genotoxic potential in case of Ethylparaben and positive genotoxicity in case of Butylparaben, Propylparaben and Isopropylparaben. The main reasons for variability seem to be limited water solubility of parabens, determining their bioavailability at the cellular level, and absence of metabolic activation in the Comet Assay. The results confirmed that the Comet Assay should serve as a screening test and should not be used as a stand-alone method for classification of genotoxicity. The weight of evidence approach in risk assessment should be supported with data generated with the use of human relevant in vitro methods based on cells / tissues of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chrz
- National Institute of Public Health, Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abadpour S, Aizenshtadt A, Olsen PA, Shoji K, Wilson SR, Krauss S, Scholz H. Pancreas-on-a-Chip Technology for Transplantation Applications. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:72. [PMID: 33206261 PMCID: PMC7674381 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human pancreas-on-a-chip (PoC) technology is quickly advancing as a platform for complex in vitro modeling of islet physiology. This review summarizes the current progress and evaluates the possibility of using this technology for clinical islet transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS PoC microfluidic platforms have mainly shown proof of principle for long-term culturing of islets to study islet function in a standardized format. Advancement in microfluidic design by using imaging-compatible biomaterials and biosensor technology might provide a novel future tool for predicting islet transplantation outcome. Progress in combining islets with other tissue types gives a possibility to study diabetic interventions in a minimal equivalent in vitro environment. Although the field of PoC is still in its infancy, considerable progress in the development of functional systems has brought the technology on the verge of a general applicable tool that may be used to study islet quality and to replace animal testing in the development of diabetes interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Abadpour
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Post Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Angell Olsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kayoko Shoji
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven Ray Wilson
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Post Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Maschmeyer I, Kakava S. Organ-on-a-Chip. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 179:311-342. [PMID: 32948885 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Limitations of the current tools used in the drug development process, cell cultures, and animal models have highlighted the need for a new powerful tool that can emulate the human physiology in vitro. Advances in the field of microfluidics have made the realization of this tool closer than ever. Organ-on-a-chip platforms have been the first step forward, leading to the combination and integration of multiple organ models in the same platform with human-on-a-chip being the ultimate goal. Despite the current progress and technological developments, there are still several unmet engineering and biological challenges curtailing their development and widespread application in the biomedical field. The potentials, challenges, and current work on this unprecedented tool are being discussed in this chapter.
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40
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Bae M, Yi HG, Jang J, Cho DW. Microphysiological Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Central Nervous System. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E855. [PMID: 32947879 PMCID: PMC7570039 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most severe problems in aging societies. Various conventional experimental models, including 2D and animal models, have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of (and therapeutic mechanisms for) neurodegenerative diseases. However, the physiological gap between humans and the current models remains a hurdle to determining the complexity of an irreversible dysfunction in a neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, preclinical research requires advanced experimental models, i.e., those more physiologically relevant to the native nervous system, to bridge the gap between preclinical stages and patients. The neural microphysiological system (neural MPS) has emerged as an approach to summarizing the anatomical, biochemical, and pathological physiology of the nervous system for investigation of neurodegenerative diseases. This review introduces the components (such as cells and materials) and fabrication methods for designing a neural MPS. Moreover, the review discusses future perspectives for improving the physiological relevance to native neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyeon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Hee-Gyeong Yi
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chungam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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41
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Sikakana P, Roberts RA. A decade of toxicological trends: what the papers say. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:676-682. [PMID: 33178428 PMCID: PMC7640932 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we look at popular trends and concepts in toxicology over the decade 2009-2019. The top 10 concepts included methodological approaches such as zebrafish and genomics as well as broader concepts such as personalized medicine and adverse outcome pathways. The total number and rank order for each of the top 10 were tracked year by year via PubMed with >9500 papers contributing to the analysis. The data revealed a slow upward trend in the number of papers across all the concepts from 260 in 2009 to >1700 in 2019. Zebrafish, genomics and personalized medicine remained in the top four slots since 2009 with zebrafish dominating the rankings over the entire decade. Genomics was a strong second until 2013 when it was displaced first by the microbiome in 2014 and secondly by personalized medicine in 2015. Other notable trends were the ascendancy of the microbiome and adverse outcome pathways and the descendancy of hormesis and the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement of animals in testing). The observation that the top four slots have been static over the past 4 years suggests that new ideas are introduced and increase in popularity until they find their place in scientific culture. This may suggest that relatively new concepts such as artificial intelligence and microphysiological systems have yet to find their steady state in the rankings. Similarly, as a relatively new player in toxicology, the full impact of the human microbiome on drug efficacy and safety remains to be seen.
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42
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Schmidt C, Markus J, Kandarova H, Wiest J. Tissue-on-a-Chip: Microphysiometry With Human 3D Models on Transwell Inserts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:760. [PMID: 32850693 PMCID: PMC7417452 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiometry has proved to be a useful tool for monitoring the energy metabolism of living cells and their interactions with other cells. The technique has mainly been used for monitoring two-dimensional (2D) monolayers of cells. Recently, our group showed that it is also possible to monitor the extracellular acidification rate and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of 3D skin constructs in an automated assay maintaining an air–liquid interface (ALI) with a BioChip extended by 3D-printed encapsulation. In this work, we present an optimized multichannel intestine-on-a-chip for monitoring the TEER of the commercially available 3D small intestinal tissue model (EpiIntestinalTM from MatTek). Experiments are performed for 1 day, during which a 60 min cycle is repeated periodically. Each cycle consists of three parts: (1) maintain ALI; (2) application of the measurement medium or test substance; and (3) the rinse cycle. A cytotoxic and barrier-disrupting benchmark chemical (0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate) was applied after 8 h of initial equilibration. This caused time-dependent reduction of the TEER, which could not be observed with typical cytotoxicity measurement methods. This work represents a proof-of-principle of multichannel time-resolved TEER monitoring of a 3D intestine model using an automated ALI. Reconstructed human tissue combined with the Intelligent Mobile Lab for In vitro Diagnostic technology represents a promising research tool for use in toxicology, cellular metabolism studies, and drug absorption research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Markus
- MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Kandarova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joachim Wiest
- cellasys GmbH, Kronburg, Germany.,Heinz Nixdorf Chair of Biomedical Electronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Naumovska E, Aalderink G, Wong Valencia C, Kosim K, Nicolas A, Brown S, Vulto P, Erdmann KS, Kurek D. Direct On-Chip Differentiation of Intestinal Tubules from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144964. [PMID: 32674311 PMCID: PMC7404294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids have emerged as the new paradigm for modelling the healthy and diseased intestine with patient-relevant properties. In this study, we show directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells towards intestinal-like phenotype within a microfluidic device. iPSCs are cultured against a gel in microfluidic chips of the OrganoPlate, in which they undergo stepwise differentiation. Cells form a tubular structure, lose their stem cell markers and start expressing mature intestinal markers, including markers for Paneth cells, enterocytes and neuroendocrine cells. Tubes develop barrier properties as confirmed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Lastly, we show that tubules respond to pro-inflammatory cytokine triggers. The whole procedure for differentiation lasts 14 days, making it an efficient process to make patient-specific organoid tubules. We anticipate the usage of the platform for disease modelling and drug candidate screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Naumovska
- Mimetas BV, Model Development, J.H. Oortweg 16, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (G.A.); (K.K.); (A.N.); (P.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (C.W.V.); (S.B.)
| | - Germaine Aalderink
- Mimetas BV, Model Development, J.H. Oortweg 16, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (G.A.); (K.K.); (A.N.); (P.V.)
| | - Christian Wong Valencia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (C.W.V.); (S.B.)
| | - Kinga Kosim
- Mimetas BV, Model Development, J.H. Oortweg 16, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (G.A.); (K.K.); (A.N.); (P.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (C.W.V.); (S.B.)
| | - Arnaud Nicolas
- Mimetas BV, Model Development, J.H. Oortweg 16, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (G.A.); (K.K.); (A.N.); (P.V.)
| | - Stephen Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (C.W.V.); (S.B.)
| | - Paul Vulto
- Mimetas BV, Model Development, J.H. Oortweg 16, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (G.A.); (K.K.); (A.N.); (P.V.)
| | - Kai S. Erdmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (C.W.V.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.E.); (D.K.)
| | - Dorota Kurek
- Mimetas BV, Model Development, J.H. Oortweg 16, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.N.); (G.A.); (K.K.); (A.N.); (P.V.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.E.); (D.K.)
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The EU-ToxRisk method documentation, data processing and chemical testing pipeline for the regulatory use of new approach methods. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2435-2461. [PMID: 32632539 PMCID: PMC7367925 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hazard assessment, based on new approach methods (NAM), requires the use of batteries of assays, where individual tests may be contributed by different laboratories. A unified strategy for such collaborative testing is presented. It details all procedures required to allow test information to be usable for integrated hazard assessment, strategic project decisions and/or for regulatory purposes. The EU-ToxRisk project developed a strategy to provide regulatorily valid data, and exemplified this using a panel of > 20 assays (with > 50 individual endpoints), each exposed to 19 well-known test compounds (e.g. rotenone, colchicine, mercury, paracetamol, rifampicine, paraquat, taxol). Examples of strategy implementation are provided for all aspects required to ensure data validity: (i) documentation of test methods in a publicly accessible database; (ii) deposition of standard operating procedures (SOP) at the European Union DB-ALM repository; (iii) test readiness scoring accoding to defined criteria; (iv) disclosure of the pipeline for data processing; (v) link of uncertainty measures and metadata to the data; (vi) definition of test chemicals, their handling and their behavior in test media; (vii) specification of the test purpose and overall evaluation plans. Moreover, data generation was exemplified by providing results from 25 reporter assays. A complete evaluation of the entire test battery will be described elsewhere. A major learning from the retrospective analysis of this large testing project was the need for thorough definitions of the above strategy aspects, ideally in form of a study pre-registration, to allow adequate interpretation of the data and to ensure overall scientific/toxicological validity.
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45
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Shinha K, Nihei W, Ono T, Nakazato R, Kimura H. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model based on multi-organ-on-a-chip for drug-drug interaction studies. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:044108. [PMID: 34992705 PMCID: PMC8719524 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery, the emergence of unexpected toxicity is often a problem resulting from a poor understanding of the pharmacokinetics of drug-drug interactions (DDI). Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) has been proposed as an in vitro model to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in pharmacology, but it has not been applied to DDI studies yet. In this study, we aim to evaluate whether organ-on-a-chip technologies can be applied to DDI studies. To assess the usefulness of OoC for DDI studies, we proposed a multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOoC) with a liver part as the metabolic model and a cancer part as the drug target model, and a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model describing the MOoC. An anticancer prodrug, CPT-11, was used to evaluate the drug efficacy of the metabolite in the liver part of the MOoC. To evaluate DDI using the MOoC, the inhibitory effect of simvastatin and ritonavir on the metabolism of CPT-11 was tested. The DDI estimation method was evaluated by comparing the results of the concomitant administration experiment using the MOoC and the results of simulation using the proposed PK-PD model with the estimated parameters. The results were similar, suggesting that the combination of the PK-PD model and the MOoC is a useful way to predict DDI. We conclude that OoC technologies could facilitate a better understanding of pharmacokinetic mechanisms with DDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuto Ono
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakazato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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46
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Selective Induction of Human Autonomic Neurons Enables Precise Control of Cardiomyocyte Beating. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9464. [PMID: 32528170 PMCID: PMC7289887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates tissue homeostasis and remodelling through antagonistic effects of noradrenergic sympathetic and cholinergic parasympathetic signalling. Despite numerous reports on the induction of sympathetic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), no induction methods have effectively derived cholinergic parasympathetic neurons from hPSCs. Considering the antagonistic effects of noradrenergic and cholinergic inputs on target organs, both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons are expected to be induced. This study aimed to develop a stepwise chemical induction method to induce sympathetic-like and parasympathetic-like ANS neurons. Autonomic specification was achieved through restricting signals inducing sensory or enteric neurogenesis and activating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals. Global mRNA expression analyses after stepwise induction, including single-cell RNA-seq analysis of induced neurons and functional assays revealed that each induced sympathetic-like or parasympathetic-like neuron acquired pharmacological and electrophysiological functional properties with distinct marker expression. Further, we identified selective induction methods using appropriate seeding cell densities and neurotrophic factor concentrations. Neurons were individually induced, facilitating the regulation of the beating rates of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in an antagonistic manner. The induction methods yield specific neuron types, and their influence on various tissues can be studied by co-cultured assays.
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47
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Lin N, Zhou X, Geng X, Drewell C, Hübner J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Xue M, Marx U, Li B. Repeated dose multi-drug testing using a microfluidic chip-based coculture of human liver and kidney proximal tubules equivalents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8879. [PMID: 32483208 PMCID: PMC7264205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A microfluidic multi-organ chip emulates the tissue culture microenvironment, enables interconnection of organ equivalents and overcomes interspecies differences, making this technology a promising and powerful tool for preclinical drug screening. In this study, we established a microfluidic chip-based model that enabled non-contact cocultivation of liver spheroids and renal proximal tubule barriers in a connecting media circuit over 16 days. Meanwhile, a 14-day repeated-dose systemic administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) alone or in combination with rifampicin was performed. Toxicity profiles of the two different doses of CsA on different target organs could be discriminated and that concomitant treatment with rifampicin from day6 onwards decreased the CsA concentration and attenuated the toxicity compared with that after treatment with CsA for 14 consecutive days. The latter is manifested with the changes in cytotoxicity, cell viability and apoptosis, gene expression of metabolic enzymes and transporters, and noninvasive toxicity biomarkers. The on chip coculture of the liver and the proximal tubulus equivalents showed its potential as an effective and translational tool for repeated dose multi-drug toxicity screening in the preclinical stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Lin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Institute for Drug Control, 25 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Xingchao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Christopher Drewell
- Technische Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Department Medical Biotechnology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Hübner
- Technische Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Department Medical Biotechnology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zuogang Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Strasse 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bo Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 31 Hua Tuo road, Daxing district, Beijing, 102629, China.
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48
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Busquet F, Hartung T, Pallocca G, Rovida C, Leist M. Harnessing the power of novel animal-free test methods for the development of COVID-19 drugs and vaccines. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2263-2272. [PMID: 32447523 PMCID: PMC7245508 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19-inducing virus, SARS-CoV2, is likely to remain a threat to human health unless efficient drugs or vaccines become available. Given the extent of the current pandemic (people in over one hundred countries infected) and its disastrous effect on world economy (associated with limitations of human rights), speedy drug discovery is critical. In this situation, past investments into the development of new (animal-free) approach methods (NAM) for drug safety, efficacy, and quality evaluation can be leveraged. For this, we provide an overview of repurposing ideas to shortcut drug development times. Animal-based testing would be too lengthy, and it largely fails, when a pathogen is species-specific or if the desired drug is based on specific features of human biology. Fortunately, industry has already largely shifted to NAM, and some public funding programs have advanced the development of animal-free technologies. For instance, NAM can predict genotoxicity (a major aspect of carcinogenicity) within days, human antibodies targeting virus epitopes can be generated in molecular biology laboratories within weeks, and various human cell-based organoids are available to test virus infectivity and the biological processes controlling them. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has formed an expert group to pave the way for the use of such approaches for accelerated drug development. This situation illustrates the importance of diversification in drug discovery strategies and clearly shows the shortcomings of an approach that invests 95% of resources into a single technology (animal experimentation) in the face of challenges that require alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Busquet
- CAAT-Europe at the University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- ALTERTOX, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hartung
- CAAT-Europe at the University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- CAAT, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Giorgia Pallocca
- CAAT-Europe at the University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Costanza Rovida
- CAAT-Europe at the University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- CAAT-Europe at the University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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49
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Schimek K, Frentzel S, Luettich K, Bovard D, Rütschle I, Boden L, Rambo F, Erfurth H, Dehne EM, Winter A, Marx U, Hoeng J. Human multi-organ chip co-culture of bronchial lung culture and liver spheroids for substance exposure studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7865. [PMID: 32398725 PMCID: PMC7217973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrapolation of cell culture-based test results to in vivo effects is limited, as cell cultures fail to emulate organ complexity and multi-tissue crosstalk. Biology-inspired microphysiological systems provide preclinical insights into absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of substances in vitro by using human three-dimensional organotypic cultures. We co-cultured a human lung equivalent from the commercially available bronchial MucilAir culture and human liver spheroids from HepaRG cells to assess the potential toxicity of inhaled substances under conditions that permit organ crosstalk. We designed a new HUMIMIC Chip with optimized medium supply and oxygenation of the organ cultures and cultivated them on-chip for 14 days in separate culture compartments of a closed circulatory perfusion system, demonstrating the viability and homeostasis of the tissue cultures. A single-dose treatment of the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 impaired functionality in bronchial MucilAir tissues in monoculture but showed a protective effect when the tissues were co-cultured with liver spheroids, indicating that crosstalk can be achieved in this new human lung–liver co-culture. The setup described here may be used to determine the effects of exposure to inhaled substances on a systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bovard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Boden
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Rambo
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Annika Winter
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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50
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Sakolish C, Chen Z, Dalaijamts C, Mitra K, Liu Y, Fulton T, Wade TL, Kelly EJ, Rusyn I, Chiu WA. Predicting tubular reabsorption with a human kidney proximal tubule tissue-on-a-chip and physiologically-based modeling. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 63:104752. [PMID: 31857146 PMCID: PMC7053805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kidney is a major route of xenobiotic excretion, but the accuracy of preclinical data for predicting in vivo clearance is limited by species differences and non-physiologic 2D culture conditions. Microphysiological systems can potentially increase predictive accuracy due to their more realistic 3D environment and incorporation of dynamic flow. We used a renal proximal tubule microphysiological device to predict renal reabsorption of five compounds: creatinine (negative control), perfluorooctanoic acid (positive control), cisplatin, gentamicin, and cadmium. We perfused compound-containing media to determine renal uptake/reabsorption, adjusted for non-specific binding. A physiologically-based parallel tube model was used to model reabsorption kinetics and make predictions of overall in vivo renal clearance. For all compounds tested, the kidney tubule chip combined with physiologically-based modeling reproduces qualitatively and quantitatively in vivo tubular reabsorption and clearance. However, because the in vitro device lacks filtration and tubular secretion components, additional information on protein binding and the importance of secretory transport is needed in order to make accurate predictions. These and other limitations, such as the presence of non-physiological compounds such as antibiotics and bovine serum albumin in media and the need to better characterize degree of expression of important transporters, highlight some of the challenges with using microphysiological devices to predict in vivo pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Chimeddulam Dalaijamts
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Kusumica Mitra
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Yina Liu
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Tracy Fulton
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Terry L Wade
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Edward J Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, and Division of Nephrology, University of Washington Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Nephrology, University of Washington Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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