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Filip S, Mokrý J, Vávrová J, Sinkorová Z, Mičuda S, Sponer P, Filipová A, Hrebíková H, Dayanithi G. The peripheral chimerism of bone marrow-derived stem cells after transplantation: regeneration of gastrointestinal tissues in lethally irradiated mice. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:832-43. [PMID: 24444357 PMCID: PMC4119389 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow–derived cells represent a heterogeneous cell population containing haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These cells have been identified as potential candidates for use in cell therapy for the regeneration of damaged tissues caused by trauma, degenerative diseases, ischaemia and inflammation or cancer treatment. In our study, we examined a model using whole-body irradiation and the transplantation of bone marrow (BM) or haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to study the repair of haematopoiesis, extramedullary haematopoiesis and the migration of green fluorescent protein (GFP+) transplanted cells into non-haematopoietic tissues. We investigated the repair of damage to the BM, peripheral blood, spleen and thymus and assessed the ability of this treatment to induce the entry of BM cells or GFP+lin−Sca-1+ cells into non-haematopoietic tissues. The transplantation of BM cells or GFP+lin−Sca-1+ cells from GFP transgenic mice successfully repopulated haematopoiesis and the haematopoietic niche in haematopoietic tissues, specifically the BM, spleen and thymus. The transplanted GFP+ cells also entered the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) following whole-body irradiation. Our results demonstrate that whole-body irradiation does not significantly alter the integrity of tissues such as those in the small intestine and liver. Whole-body irradiation also induced myeloablation and chimerism in tissues, and induced the entry of transplanted cells into the small intestine and liver. This result demonstrates that grafted BM cells or GFP+lin−Sca-1+ cells are not transient in the GIT. Thus, these transplanted cells could be used for the long-term treatment of various pathologies or as a one-time treatment option if myeloablation-induced chimerism alone is not sufficient to induce the entry of transplanted cells into non-haematopoietic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Filip
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Jordan S, Ruzsics Z, Mitrović M, Baranek T, Arapović J, Krmpotić A, Vivier E, Dalod M, Jonjić S, Dölken L, Koszinowski UH. Natural killer cells are required for extramedullary hematopoiesis following murine cytomegalovirus infection. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:535-545. [PMID: 23684305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The immune response against a variety of pathogens can lead to activation of blood formation at ectopic sites, a process termed extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). The underlying mechanisms of EMH have been enigmatic. Investigating splenic EMH in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), we find that, while cells of the adaptive immune system were dispensable for EMH, natural killer (NK) cells were essential. EMH required recognition of infected cells via activating NK cell receptors Ly49H or NKG2D, and correspondingly, viral interference with NK cell recognition abolished EMH. Surprisingly, development of EMH was not induced by NK cell-derived cytokines but was dependent on perforin-mediated cytotoxicity in order to control virus spread. Spreading virus reduced the numbers of F4/80(+) macrophages that were crucial for inflammatory EMH. Hence, whereas MCMV suppresses inflammation-induced EMH, NK cells confine virus spread, thereby protecting extramedullary hematopoietic niches and facilitating EMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jordan
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maja Mitrović
- Department for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Thomas Baranek
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, UNIV UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7282, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jurica Arapović
- Department for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, UNIV UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7282, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, UNIV UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7282, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lars Dölken
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Koszinowski
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Colonization of recipient tissues with transplanted murine bone marrow cells. Transfus Apher Sci 2011; 46:109-11. [PMID: 22169382 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Filip S, Mokrý J, Vávrová J, Cížková D, Sinkorová Z, Mičuda S, Bláha M, English D. Splenectomy influences homing of transplanted stem cells in bone marrow-ablated mice. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:702-9. [PMID: 21651380 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mobilization, a process that influences circulation, margination, and finally, homing play key roles in the regeneration processes mediated by stem cells. Recent studies as well as prior studies from our group indicate an important role of the spleen in hematopoietic reconstitution, but to date the role of the spleen in hematopoietic reconstitution has been unclear and it has not been precisely documented in ablated animals. Therefore, we undertook the present study to define more closely the role of the spleen in hematopoietic reconstitution in lethally irradiated mice. After transplantation of irradiated mice with lacZ+ -marked lin- / CD117+ bone marrow cells, we compared splenectomized mice (T(S), splenectomy performed prior to irradiation) to nonsplenectomized, irradiated mice (T(N)) as well as to normal (unirradiated) mice. Impaired hematopoietic reconstitution was observed in T(S) mice. Splenectomy markedly altered the distribution of hematopoietic stem cells, as demonstrated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of endogenous CD117+ cells in the thymus and bone marrow of recipients. Cell engraftment was demonstrated by histochemical and polymerase chain reaction analyses of recipient tissues. These experiments demonstrated that in T(S) animals, transplanted hematopoietic stem cells mobilized to extravascular tissues, particularly the gastrointestinal tract. The number of donor cells in recipient tissues continued to increase for 30 days after transplantation with the highest numbers observed in the T(S) group. DNA marking analysis led to the conclusion that engrafted cells were not only integrated into recipient tissues but were also capable of performing complex cellular processes, including proliferation and repair. Our results are consistent with the novel possibility that cellular repair markedly affects stem cell regenerative functions and that repair is markedly influenced by the integrity and presence of organs not directly involved in specific tissue regeneration processes, particularly the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Filip
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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