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Majewski M, Piwko K, Ordak M, Muszynska E, Nasierowski T, Bujalska-Zadrozny M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Manganism: A Narrative Review and Laboratory Recommendations. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2823. [PMID: 38792364 PMCID: PMC11122624 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a series of articles has been published concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in a group of patients exposed to manganism, specifically factory workers, welders, and individuals with liver diseases, as well as those abusing home-produced ephedrone. Some potential symptoms of manganese toxicity include motor disturbances, neurocognitive problems, sleep disorders, and psychosocial changes. Despite various publications on MRI research in individuals with an elevated risk of manganism, there is a noticeable absence of a comprehensive review in this field. The detection of the accumulation of manganese in the brain through MRI can confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment. Due to the high cost of determining manganese ion levels in biological material, an additional aim of the manuscript was to identify simple medical laboratory parameters that, when performed concurrently with MRI, could assist in the diagnosis of manganism. Among these types of parameters are the levels of bilirubin, magnesium, liver enzymes, creatinine, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Majewski
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.P.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Karolina Piwko
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.P.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Michal Ordak
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.P.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Elzbieta Muszynska
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Nasierowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27 Str., 00-665 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.P.); (M.B.-Z.)
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Liu Q, Jenkitkasemwong S, Prami TA, McCabe SM, Zhao N, Hojyo S, Fukada T, Knutson MD. Metal-ion transporter SLC39A8 is required for brain manganese uptake and accumulation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105078. [PMID: 37482277 PMCID: PMC10457451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, but is toxic in excess. Whole-body Mn levels are regulated in part by the metal-ion influx transporter SLC39A8, which plays an essential role in the liver by reclaiming Mn from bile. Physiological roles of SLC39A8 in Mn homeostasis in other tissues, however, remain largely unknown. To screen for extrahepatic requirements for SLC39A8 in tissue Mn homeostasis, we crossed Slc39a8-inducible global-KO (Slc39a8 iKO) mice with Slc39a14 KO mice, which display markedly elevated blood and tissue Mn levels. Tissues were then analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to determine levels of Mn. Although Slc39a14 KO; Slc39a8 iKO mice exhibited systemic hypermanganesemia and increased Mn loading in the bone and kidney due to Slc39a14 deficiency, we show Mn loading was markedly decreased in the brains of these animals, suggesting a role for SLC39A8 in brain Mn accumulation. Levels of other divalent metals in the brain were unaffected, indicating a specific effect of SLC39A8 on Mn. In vivo radiotracer studies using 54Mn in Slc39a8 iKO mice revealed that SLC39A8 is required for Mn uptake by the brain, but not most other tissues. Furthermore, decreased 54Mn uptake in the brains of Slc39a8 iKO mice was associated with efficient inactivation of Slc39a8 in isolated brain microvessels but not in isolated choroid plexus, suggesting SLC39A8 mediates brain Mn uptake via the blood-brain barrier. These findings establish SLC39A8 as a candidate therapeutic target for mitigating Mn uptake and accumulation in the brain, the primary organ of Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Liu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Supak Jenkitkasemwong
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tamanna Afrin Prami
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shannon Morgan McCabe
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ningning Zhao
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitchell D Knutson
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Leuzzi V, Galosi S. Experimental pharmacology: Targeting metabolic pathways. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:259-315. [PMID: 37482395 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the treatment for Wilson disease a growing number of treatable inherited dystonias have been identified and their search and treatment have progressively been implemented in the clinics of patients with dystonia. While waiting for gene therapy to be more widely and adequately translated into the clinical setting, the efforts to divert the natural course of dystonia reside in unveiling its pathogenesis. Specific metabolic treatments can rewrite the natural history of the disease by preventing neurotoxic metabolite accumulation or interfering with the cell accumulation of damaging metabolites, restoring energetic cell fuel, supplementing defective metabolites, and supplementing the defective enzyme. A metabolic derangement of cell homeostasis is part of the progression of many non-metabolic genetic lesions and could be the target for possible metabolic approaches. In this chapter, we provided an update on treatment strategies for treatable inherited dystonias and an overview of genetic dystonias with new experimental therapeutic approaches available or close to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Vungutur V, Yu S, McCabe S, Fung C, Zhao N. A simple and highly reproducible method for the detection of erythrocyte membrane ZIP metal transporters by immunoblotting. Methods Enzymol 2023; 687:87-102. [PMID: 37666640 PMCID: PMC10755855 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is one of the essential trace elements found in erythrocytes. Metal transporters situated on the plasma membrane generally facilitate the movement of manganese into and out of cells. This study aims at determining whether two recently discovered manganese importers, ZIP8 and ZIP14, are located in the erythrocyte membrane. We outline a simple, effective and repeatable method for the isolation of erythrocyte membrane from a minimum of 50 µL mouse blood, followed by the identification of ZIP metal transporters using immunoblotting. Our results revealed that ZIP8 is expressed within the erythrocyte membrane, in contrast to ZIP14 which is not identified using immunoblotting approach. A direct measurement of the ZIP8 protein expression in erythrocyte membranes could provide valuable information for further analyzing its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varalakshmi Vungutur
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Suetmui Yu
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Shannon McCabe
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Caitlin Fung
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ningning Zhao
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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McCabe S, Limesand K, Zhao N. Recent progress toward understanding the role of ZIP14 in regulating systemic manganese homeostasis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2332-2338. [PMID: 37020930 PMCID: PMC10070054 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ZIP14 is a metal transporter essential for the regulation of body manganese homeostasis. The physiological functions of ZIP14 have been uncovered mainly through two lines of in vivo studies that examined the phenotypes of ZIP14 loss, including studies of humans with ZIP14 mutations and animals with ZIP14 deficiency. This mini review aims at presenting an updated view of the important advances made towards understanding the genetic and pathological mechanisms of brain manganese overload caused by ZIP14 deficiency.
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Pajarillo E, Nyarko-Danquah I, Digman A, Multani HK, Kim S, Gaspard P, Aschner M, Lee E. Mechanisms of manganese-induced neurotoxicity and the pursuit of neurotherapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011947. [PMID: 36605395 PMCID: PMC9808094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to elevated levels of manganese via occupational or environmental settings causes a neurological disorder known as manganism, resembling the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as motor deficits and cognitive impairment. Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize manganese's neurotoxicity mechanisms in search of effective therapeutics, including natural and synthetic compounds to treat manganese toxicity. Several potential molecular targets of manganese toxicity at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels have been identified recently, which may contribute to develop more precise and effective gene therapies. This review updates findings on manganese-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms on intracellular insults such as oxidative stress, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and mitophagy, as well as transcriptional dysregulations involving Yin Yang 1, RE1-silencing transcription factor, transcription factor EB, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 that could be targets of manganese neurotoxicity therapies. This review also features intracellular proteins such as PTEN-inducible kinase 1, parkin, sirtuins, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, and α-synuclein, which are associated with manganese-induced dysregulation of autophagy/mitophagy. In addition, newer therapeutic approaches to treat manganese's neurotoxicity including natural and synthetic compounds modulating excitotoxicity, autophagy, and mitophagy, were reviewed. Taken together, in-depth mechanistic knowledge accompanied by advances in gene and drug delivery strategies will make significant progress in the development of reliable therapeutic interventions against manganese-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Alexis Digman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Harpreet Kaur Multani
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Patric Gaspard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Rodichkin AN, Guilarte TR. Hereditary Disorders of Manganese Metabolism: Pathophysiology of Childhood-Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism in SLC39A14 Mutation Carriers and Genetic Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12833. [PMID: 36361624 PMCID: PMC9653914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, several clinical reports have outlined cases of childhood-onset manganese (Mn)-induced dystonia-parkinsonism, resulting from loss-of-function mutations in the Mn influx transporter gene SLC39A14. These clinical cases have provided a wealth of knowledge on Mn toxicity and homeostasis. However, our current understanding of the underlying neuropathophysiology is severely lacking. The recent availability of Slc39a14 knockout (KO) murine and zebrafish animal models provide a powerful platform to investigate the neurological effects of elevated blood and brain Mn concentrations in vivo. As such, the objective of this review was to organize and summarize the current clinical literature and studies utilizing Slc39a14-KO animal models and assess the validity of the animal models based on the clinical presentation of the disease in human mutation carriers.
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Rodichkin AN, Edler MK, McGlothan JL, Guilarte TR. Pathophysiological studies of aging Slc39a14 knockout mice to assess the progression of manganese-induced dystonia-parkinsonism. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:92-102. [PMID: 36152728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, several clinical reports have outlined cases of early-onset manganese (Mn)-induced dystonia-parkinsonism, resulting from loss of function mutations of the Mn transporter gene SLC39A14. Previously, we have performed characterization of the behavioral, neurochemical, and neuropathological changes in 60-day old (PN60) Slc39a14-knockout (KO) murine model of the human disease. Here, we extend our studies to aging Slc39a14-KO mice to assess the progression of the disease. Our results indicate that 365-day old (PN365) Slc39a14-KO mice present with markedly elevated blood and brain Mn levels, similar to those found in the PN60 mice and representative of the human cases of the disease. Furthermore, aging Slc39a14-KO mice consistently manifest a hypoactive and dystonic behavioral deficits, similar to the PN60 animals, suggesting that the behavioral changes are established early in life without further age-associated deterioration. Neurochemical, neuropathological, and functional assessment of the dopaminergic system of the basal ganglia revealed absence of neurodegenerative changes of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), with no changes in DA or metabolite concentrations in the striatum of Slc39a14-KO mice relative to wildtype (WT). Similar to the PN60 animals, aging Slc39a14-KO mice expressed a marked inhibition of potassium-stimulated DA release in the striatum. Together our findings indicate that the pathophysiological changes observed in the basal ganglia of aging Slc39a14-KO animals are similar to those at PN60 and aging does not have a significant effect on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Rodichkin
- Brain, Behavior, & the Environment Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Melissa K Edler
- Department of Anthropology and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States.
| | - Jennifer L McGlothan
- Brain, Behavior, & the Environment Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Tomás R Guilarte
- Brain, Behavior, & the Environment Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Tuschl K, White RJ, Trivedi C, Valdivia LE, Niklaus S, Bianco IH, Dadswell C, González-Méndez R, Sealy IM, Neuhauss SCF, Houart C, Rihel J, Wilson SW, Busch-Nentwich EM. Loss of slc39a14 causes simultaneous manganese hypersensitivity and deficiency in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm044594. [PMID: 35514229 PMCID: PMC9227717 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese neurotoxicity is a hallmark of hypermanganesemia with dystonia 2, an inherited manganese transporter defect caused by mutations in SLC39A14. To identify novel potential targets of manganese neurotoxicity, we performed transcriptome analysis of slc39a14-/- mutant zebrafish that were exposed to MnCl2. Differentially expressed genes mapped to the central nervous system and eye, and pathway analysis suggested that Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and activation of the unfolded protein response are key features of manganese neurotoxicity. Consistent with this interpretation, MnCl2 exposure led to decreased whole-animal Ca2+ levels, locomotor defects and changes in neuronal activity within the telencephalon and optic tectum. In accordance with reduced tectal activity, slc39a14-/- zebrafish showed changes in visual phototransduction gene expression, absence of visual background adaptation and a diminished optokinetic reflex. Finally, numerous differentially expressed genes in mutant larvae normalised upon MnCl2 treatment indicating that, in addition to neurotoxicity, manganese deficiency is present either subcellularly or in specific cells or tissues. Overall, we assembled a comprehensive set of genes that mediate manganese-systemic responses and found a highly correlated and modulated network associated with Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and cellular stress. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tuschl
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, IoPPN, Kings College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Richard J. White
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Chintan Trivedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Leonardo E. Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
| | - Stephanie Niklaus
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isaac H. Bianco
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chris Dadswell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | | | - Ian M. Sealy
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Stephan C. F. Neuhauss
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Houart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, IoPPN, Kings College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
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