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Omar SA, Feng Y, Yu M, Eldin SAG, Eldenary ME, Shabala S, Allakhverdiev SI, Abdelfattah MH. Exogenous application of 5-azacitidin, royal jelly and folic acid regulate plant redox state, expression level of DNA methyltransferases and alleviate adverse effects of salinity stress on Vicia faba L. plants. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30934. [PMID: 38784551 PMCID: PMC11112330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of induced changes under salinity stress causing reduction in the expression of several crucial genes required for normal plant's operation. Potential use of royal jelly (RJ), folic acid (FA) and 5-azacitidine (5-AZA) on two Egyptian faba bean varieties (Sakha-3 and Giza-716) grown under saline conditions was investigated. Salinity stress affects negatively on seeds germination (G %), mitotic index, membrane stability and induced a significant increase in chromosomal abnormalities (CAs). DNA methyltransferases genes (MT1 and MT2) were highly up-regulated (∼23 and 8 folds for MT1 and MT2 in shoots of Giza-716 stressed plants). On the other hand, down regulation of other studied stress related genes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), heat shock protein (HSP-17.9) and proline-rich protein (GPRP) were detected in stressed plants of both studied varieties. Treating plants with RJ and FA increase G%, chlorophyll content, improves membrane properties and reduces CAs compared to non-treated stressed plants. Exogenous application of 5-AZA, RJ and FA on salinity stressed plants was associated with a significant reduction in the transcription of MT1 and MT2 which was associated with significant up regulation in the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, GR, GPRP and HSP-17.9 encoding genes. The Lowest expression of MT1 and MT2 were induced with 5-AZA treatment in both studied varieties. Exogenous application of the FA, RJ and 5-AZA modified the methylation state of stressed plants by regulation the expression of DNA methyltransferases, subsequently, modulated the expression of studied genes and could be proposed as a promising treatment to ameliorate hazardous effects of salt stress on different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingming Feng
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | | | | | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, 34353, Turkey
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Alaguprathana M, Poonkothai M, Al-Ansari MM, Al-Humaid L, Kim W. Cytogenotoxicity assessment in Allium cepa roots exposed to methyl orange treated with Oedogonium subplagiostomum AP1. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113612. [PMID: 35716816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study is an attempt to assess the cytogenotoxic effect of untreated and methyl orange treated with Oedogonium subplagiostomum AP1 on Allium cepa roots. On the fifth day, root growth, root length, mitotic index, mitotic inhibition/depression, and chromosomal abnormalities were measured in root cells of Allium cepa subjected to untreated and treated methyl orange dye solutions. Roots exposed to treated dye solution exhibited maximum root growth, root length and mitotic index, whereas roots exposed to untreated dye solution had the most mitotic inhibition and chromosomal abnormalities. Allium cepa exposed to untreated dye solution revealed chromosomal aberrations such as disoriented and abnormal chromosome grouping, vagrant and laggard chromosomes, chromosomal loss, sticky chain and disturbed metaphase, pulverised and disturbed anaphase, chromosomal displacement in anaphase, abnormal telophase, and chromosomal bridge at telophase, spindle disturbances and binucleate cells. The comet test was used to quantify DNA damage in the root cells of A. cepa subjected to untreated and treated methyl orange solutions in terms of tail DNA (percent) and tail length. The results concluded that A. cepa exposed to methyl orange induced DNA damage whereas meager damage was noted in the treated dye solution. As a result, the research can be used as a biomarker to detect the genotoxic effects of textile dyes on biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alaguprathana
- Department of Zoology, Adhiyaman Arts and Science College for Women, Uthangarai, 635 207, Krishnagiri (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Poonkothai
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Ogunyemi AK, Abayomi AA, Opawale RO, Samuel TA, Ilori MO, Amund OO, Alo BI. Alkaline-extracted cyanide from cassava wastewater and its sole induction of chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa L. root tips. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3097-3106. [PMID: 33843491 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1916088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cassava, a staple crop in Nigeria, processed by numerous factories in rural and suburban locations is known to contain some level of cyano compounds. Lack of stringent environmental regulations on the management of cassava wastewater (CWW) from cassava-processing factories had led to its indiscriminate discharge on the environment. CWW samples were obtained from cassava-processing factories from selected states (Lagos (A), Oyo (B), Ogun 1 (C1), Ogun 2 (C2) and Cross River (D)) in Nigeria to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of extracted cyanide from the wastewaters. The cyanide was hydrolysed via chemical degradation utilizing 1.25 M NaOH and subsequently titrated using silver nitrate with p-dimethylaminobenzalrhodamine as indicator. Further, in order to explore the potential toxicity of this pollutant present in the effluent, a battery of short-term biological assay (Allium cepa chromosomal aberration test) was used. Bulbs with roots of Allium cepa L. were treated with different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8%) of CWW, and after 48 h, the root tips were processed for cytological studies by the aceto-orcein squash procedure. The results revealed that cyanide concentrations on re-fluxing were in the range of 1.0 and 1.3 mg/L. All concentrations induced a number of chromosomal aberrations in the root tip cells. The mitotic index decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing concentration. The cytotoxic effects showed strong concentration-dependent root growth inhibition with EC50 values of 30%, 20%, 37%, 43% and 22% for A, B, C1, C2 and D, after 72 h. The findings thus indicate that alkali treatment is very efficient in degrading the cyanide content of CWW and has shown that the combination of physico-chemical analysis along with the sole toxicity assessment could provide valuable information about the sole toxicity of cyanide as a chemical pollutant present in the cassava effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Titilola Aderonke Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Olukayode Oladipo Amund
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Babajide Ibitayo Alo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Genotoxicity of sodium arsenite on Vicia faba root meristematic cells. THE NUCLEUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Smirnova MV, Kotelnikov VA. Effect of Heracleum sosnowskyi extract aqueous solution on the Allium cepa root meristem. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heracleum sosnowskyi (Apiaceae) contains a lot of useful chemical ingredients that can be used in industry, medicine and other fields as plant component extracts and as chemical compounds that have been extracted in different ways, which requires the last to be tested for chemical safety, including a genotoxic test in vivo. In the present paper, the 96-hour effect of the H. sosnowskyi extract aqueous solution at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.50 mL/L on the genetic apparatus and mitotic activity of the cells of the Allium cepa (Alliaceae) root meristem is discussed. Distilled water was applied as a negative control, and hydrogen peroxide 1% as a positive one. The extract was prepared from the plant’s fresh leaves by soaking them in acetone. It was then distilled at 57 ºС and diluted with distilled water to obtain the experimental concentrations. As extract content in the aqueous solution increased, a statistically significant decrease in mitotic activity, an increase in aberrant cell percentage and a concentration-dependent inhibition of root growth were observed. In the 0.5 mL/L solution, if compared against the other experimental concentrations, an increase in the metaphase, anaphase and telophase indices along with a decrease in the prophase index were observed. The most common aberrations for all the concentrations were lagging and sticking chromosomes, anaphase bridges, ring chromosomes and nuclear buds. The same solution and the positive control produced membrane damage; giant and ghost cells. The results of the experiment performed have demonstrated the extract’s aneugenic effect that causes spindle disturbance, mitodepression and inhibits the cells of the Allium cepa root meristem, prevails over its clastogenic effect.
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Pandey H, Kumar S. Butylated hydroxytoluene and Butylated hydroxyanisole induced cyto-genotoxicity in root cells of Allium cepa L. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07055. [PMID: 34041400 PMCID: PMC8141894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of preservatives on somatic cells of Allium cepa. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity, root meristems of A. cepa were treated with 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 ppm concentration for 5, 10, 15 days. The root tips showed concentration dependent growth retardation in all the used concentrations, as well as root texture, also has been changed mitotic index, total protein content decreased and frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased after 5 days treatment. Additionally, the RAPD-PCR method was applied to evaluate genotoxicity and found the highest concentration (2500 ppm) was comparatively more distant to the control group. Results concluded that BHT and BHA showed positive results and cytotoxic.
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Ihegboro GO, Ononamadu CJ, Owolarafe TA, Shekwolo I. Screening for toxicological and anti-diabetic potential of n-hexane extract of Tapinanthus bangwensisleaves. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320972042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Health forecasters predict that cases of diabetes will double in 2030; hence proactive action is required to salvage this problem. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicological and anti-diabetic potential of n-hexane extract of T. bangwensis leaves on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. The phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity as well as the inhibitory effect of the plant extract was determined by UV-spectrophotometry method while brine shrimp and Allium cepa methods were used for the toxicity study. Preliminary phytochemical screening detected the presence of flavonoid, phenol, tannin, alkaloid and cardiac glycoside whereas phlobatanin, steroid, terpenoid and saponin were absent. The result also showed that flavonoid concentration was the highest compared to others. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) results showed that the plant extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity particularly at the highest concentration (100 µg/ml). Brine shrimp lethality result showed that the highest mortality rate of nauplii and median inhibition concentration (IC50) are 97% and 7.46 ± 0.33 µg/ml respectively. Furthermore, the results also revealed that mitotic index, root growth length and mitotic division (cytotoxicity indicators) decreased as concentration increases. Finally, the results showed that the plant extract exhibited significant inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities at 100 µg/ml; nevertheless, the effect was higher on α-amylase than α-glucosidase activity. In summary, the significant antioxidant and inhibitory effects may be attributed to the presence of the phytochemicals mentioned above. It can therefore be concluded that T. bangwensis leaves may demonstrate potent anti-diabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin O Ihegboro
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Sciences, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Chimaobi James Ononamadu
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Sciences, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Tajudeen Alowonle Owolarafe
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Sciences, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Iko Shekwolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Sciences, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
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Ergin T, Inceer H, Ergin B. Investigation of Antimutagenic Effect of Rosa canina L. Against Linuron Induced DNA Damage on Root Meristematic Cells of Allium cepa L. CYTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.85.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ergin
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology
| | - Huseyin Inceer
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology
| | - Betul Ergin
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology
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Ihegboro GO, Alhassan AJ, Ononamadu CJ, Owolarafe TA, Sule MS. Evaluation of the biosafety potentials of methanol extracts/fractions of Tapinanthus bangwensis and Moringa oleifera leaves using Allium cepa model. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:671-679. [PMID: 32489907 PMCID: PMC7262477 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered two-edged swords. They are pharmacologically beneficial and sometimes toxic when abused. The health benefit of medicinal plant is due to their abundant phytochemical endowment. The present study is aimed at evaluating the biosafety potentials of methanol extracts/fractions of Tapinanthus bangwensis (T. bangwensis) and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves using Allium cepa (A. cepa) model. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out by A. epa model. The cytotoxicity parameters studied were number of dividing cells, percentage mitotic index (% MI), root tip growth length and chromosomal aberrations. The phytochemistry was determined by UV-spectrophotometry while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) were used to assay antioxidant activity. The A. cepa assay result showed that the inhibitory effect of M. oleifera on root tip growth length was higher compared to T. bangwensis at 60-100mg/100ml concentrations. Decreased number of dividing cells and percentage mitotic index as concentrations increased observed indicate cytotoxicity however the acetone fractions were most cytotoxic. The frequently occurring chromosomal aberrations observed were vagrant, bridged, attached and sticky chromosomes while C-mitosis and binuclear chromosomes were not observed. Therefore cytotoxic effect was significant at 100mg/100ml. The phytochemical screening of methanol extracts/fractions of T. bangwensis and M. oleifera leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins however saponins were significantly abundant in both plants compared to others. Alkaloid content was found to be low but was not detected in the acetone fractions of the plants. Methanol extracts/fractions of the plants' leaves exhibited antioxidant activities but was more prominent in the ethylacetate fraction of T. bangwensis and acetone fraction of M. oleifera. In conclusion, administration at 100mg/100ml could be unsafe for the biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin O. Ihegboro
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Sciences, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, P.M.B 3474 Kano-Maiduguri Road, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Adamu J. Alhassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Chimaobi J. Ononamadu
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Sciences, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, P.M.B 3474 Kano-Maiduguri Road, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Tajudeen A. Owolarafe
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Sciences, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, P.M.B 3474 Kano-Maiduguri Road, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed S. Sule
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
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Screening of cytotoxic and genotoxic potency of two pesticides (malathion and cypermethrin) on Allium cepa L. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Mesic A, Mahmutović-Dizdarević I, Tahirović E, Durmišević I, Eminovic I, Jerković-Mujkić A, Bešta-Gajević R. Evaluation of toxicological and antimicrobial activity of lavender and immortelle essential oils. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:190-197. [PMID: 30607990 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1538234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lavender and immortelle essential oils (EOs) are widely used to treat a spectrum of human conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate cyto/genotoxic effects of lavender and immortelle EOs using plant cells (Allium cepa) and human lymphocytes, as well as their antimicrobial potential using nine strains of bacteria and fungi. Our results for lavender and immortelle EOs showed that the frequency of chromosome aberrations (CAs) was increased in comparison with controls. For both oils, increased frequency of apoptosis for all concentrations, as well as the frequency of necrosis (0.10/0.30 µl/ml for lavender/immortelle, respectively) was demonstrated. In human lymphocytes, differences for minute fragments between immortelle oil (0.10 µl/ml) and controls were observed. Increased frequency of apoptosis was detected for immortelle oil (0.20 µl/ml), while both oils (0.20; 0.30 µl/ml lavender, and immortelle at all concentrations) induced higher frequency of necrosis in comparison with controls. Lavender EO was effective against all tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while immortelle EO inhibited only Gram-positive bacteria. Both oils exhibited antifungal effect. Our results demonstrated that lavender and immortelle EOs showed cyto/genotoxic effects in both, plant and human cells, as well as antimicrobial properties. Further studies are needed to strengthen these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aner Mesic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Emina Tahirović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irma Durmišević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Izet Eminovic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anesa Jerković-Mujkić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Renata Bešta-Gajević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Yekeen TA, Azeez MA, Akinboro A, Lateef A, Asafa TB, Oladipo IC, Oladokun SO, Ajibola AA. Safety evaluation of green synthesized Cola nitida pod, seed and seed shell extract-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an Allium cepa assay. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek A. Yekeen
- Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Musibau A. Azeez
- Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Akinboro
- Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Agbaje Lateef
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology, Microbiology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Tesleem B. Asafa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Iyabo C. Oladipo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O. Oladokun
- Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi A. Ajibola
- Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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I Algwaiz H. Cytological Effects of Bleaching Agent (Quneex) on Plant Cells and Plant DNA. Pak J Biol Sci 2018; 21:205-214. [PMID: 30311483 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.205.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There have been a number of reported drawbacks and efficacy issues regarding the use of bleaching agents in the plant industry. This study was conducted to determine the cytological effects of the bleaching agent (Quneex) on the plant cells and plant DNA using the Allium cepa assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was subjected sixteen root meristems of A. cepa to different concentrations of the bleaching agent (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) with different periods of time (6, 12 and 24 h). Recovery was done for 6, 12 and 24 h after exposure. RESULTS The mitotic index significantly decreased with time and also decreased with increase in the concentration of the bleaching agent. Abnormal chromosomal changes reflecting mutagenesis including stickiness, laggards, bridges, C-metaphase, star-metaphase, binucleation, polyploidy, disturbance and multinucleation were observed in the different concentrations and periods of time. After recovery, a slow increase in the mitotic index was observed. All treatments with or without recovery for 12 and 24 h resulted in reduction in the amount of DNA. CONCLUSION Bleaching agents similar to Quneex containing sodium hypochlorite have mutagenic properties that can be potentially hazardous to the environment and also to humans. Thus, there is a need to regulate the use and disposal of such chemicals into the environment particularly to the sewers, to prevent contamination of potable water, plant and biodiverse aquatic animals.
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Abdelsalam NR, Abdel-Megeed A, Ali HM, Salem MZM, Al-Hayali MFA, Elshikh MS. Genotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root tip cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 155:76-85. [PMID: 29510312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and use of nanoparticles have rapidly increased over recent years, but the available knowledge regarding their mode of action, ecological tolerance and biodegradability remains insufficient. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important crop worldwide. In the current study, the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained from two different sources, namely, green and chemical syntheses, on chromosomal aberrations and cell division were investigated. Wheat root tips were treated with four different AgNP concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 50 ppm) for three different exposure durations (8, 16 and 24 h), and the different concentrations of the nanoparticles were added to the tested grains until the root lengths reached 1.5-2 cm. For each concentration, the mitotic indexes (%) were obtained from an analysis of ~ 2000 cells. The treated root-tip cells exhibited various types of chromosomal aberrations, such as incorrect orientation at metaphase, chromosomal breakage, metaphasic plate distortion, spindle dysfunction, stickiness, aberrant movement at metaphase, fragmentation, scattering, unequal separation, scattering, chromosomal gaps, multipolar anaphase, erosion, and distributed and lagging chromosomes. These results demonstrate that the root tip cells of wheat can readily internalize the AgNPs and that the internalized AgNPs can interfere with the cells' normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader R Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, 21531 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, 21531 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Muwafaq F A Al-Hayali
- Ministry of Commerce, General Company for Cereal Industry, Diyala Branch, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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ŞAHİN Z, KOCA S. Determination of the Genotoxicity of the Soil in the Aydın Region Irrigated by Büyük Menderes River by the Allium Test System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17776/csj.405712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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UV Radiation Protection by Thermal Plasma Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanosheets. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Verma S, Srivastava A. Cytomorphologic parameters in monitoring cytogenotoxic effects of fertilizer in Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:159. [PMID: 28285438 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was done to assess cytomorphologic parameters as indicators of genotoxicity as it is a simpler method and could be suggested for rapid screening of the vast range of agrochemicals used all over the world. The excessive and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals is responsible for increasing the level of pollutants in the soil environment resulting in cellular and molecular damage to the plants. The cellular damage caused manifestation of the resulting oxidative stress due to pollutants which can go up to the level of DNA. The roots of Allium cepa were treated with 0.5 mg N ml-1 concentration of ammonium nitrate fertilizer for 3, 6, 9 and 12 h, and in mitotic preparation of their respective root, mitotic index, phase indices and the genotoxic markers viz. chromosomal aberrations and binucleate cells were observed and the data statistically analysed. A significant decrease in mitotic index and increase in abnormality percentage as compared to control was observed which increased with the treatment duration. Chromosomal aberrations like stickiness, fragmentation, precocious movement, bridges and disorientations were observed in varying frequencies. A cytomorphologic study revealed that the interphase cell volume of cells of treated roots and their respective interphase nuclear volume were reduced as compared to control. The ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic volume has been reported to relate to cell integrity. Both these markers viz. cytomorphologic and genotoxic can be used for assessment of the toxicity of agrochemicals including fertilizer; in our study, they have revealed the cytogenotoxic behaviour of ammonium nitrate fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Verma
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - Alka Srivastava
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India.
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Balaji APB, Sastry TP, Manigandan S, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Environmental benignity of a pesticide in soft colloidal hydrodispersive nanometric form with improved toxic precision towards the target organisms than non-target organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:190-201. [PMID: 27884520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are of major concern as they cause devastating health effects, morbidity, and mortality in the human population. Conventional pesticides have failed to curb the mosquito population due to the development of insensitivity in mosquitoes. Hence, higher dosages of pesticides along with their toxic solubilizers have been employed, which have led to raise in pesticide pollution load, environmental toxicity, and human health concerns. As a realisation for the requirement of alternative pesticides, the present study has involved in the formulation of a hydrodispersive nanometric colloidal form of deltamethrin (NDM), a type-II pyrethroid pesticide, from its hydroimmisicible parental form (PDM). The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the droplets was found to be 30.6±4.6nm by dynamic light scattering study (DLS). High-resolution transmission electron micrographs have revealed the spherical structure of the droplets with a size range of 35-40nm. The NDM was found to possess sedimentation resistance, intrinsic and hydrodispersive stability. The toxicity of NDM and PDM was comparatively investigated on target organisms (Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes) and non-target organisms (Allium cepa - Bioindicator of toxicants and Rhizobium sp. - Soil bacteria). As comparative to PDM, NDM has exerted higher efficacy on adult mosquito and larval population, even at low-level concentrations. However, in the case of non-target organisms, the NDM toxicity was lower than PDM. Comprehensively, the study has concluded the potential advantage of formulating conventional pesticides into nanometric soft colloidal form for the improved toxic precision on target organisms (mosquitoes). This ensures the ability of NDM to combat against the mosquito population even at lower concentrations, thereby reducing the pesticide exposure load towards the environment and human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P B Balaji
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thotapalli P Sastry
- Bioproducts Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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de Souza RB, de Souza CP, Bueno OC, Fontanetti CS. Genotoxicity evaluation of two metallic-insecticides using Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida: A new alternative against leaf-cutting ants. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1093-1099. [PMID: 27816288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to combat leaf-cutting ants, the pesticide sulfluramid used to be the most widely utilized active ingredient. However, its use was banned in 2009 by the Stockholm Convention, although some countries were allowed to continue using it. As an effective alternative to its replacement, researchers developed a metallic-insecticide system, which is a natural product linked to metal complexes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of these new metallic-insecticides in change the genetic material of non-target organisms. The tests were performed utilizing chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus tests in the Allium cepa test system and the Trad-MCN test in Tradescantia pallida. To better understand the results, one of the components of the formula, 5-methyl-phenanthroline, was also analyzed according to the same parameters. To A. cepa, the results showed that one of the metallic insecticides induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at different concentrations, while the other metallic-insecticide showed chromosomal instability only at the highest concentration. The analysis of 5-methyl-phenanthroline revealed that it can be related with the positive results, since genotoxic effects were induced. In the Trad-MCN test, none of the metallic-insecticides showed genotoxic activity, although one of them induced more micronucleus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bastão de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Pereira de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Fontanetti
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Genetic damage induced by a food coloring dye (sunset yellow) on meristematic cells of Brassica campestris L. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:319727. [PMID: 25954313 PMCID: PMC4411456 DOI: 10.1155/2015/319727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have performed the present piece of work to evaluate the effect of synthetic food coloring azo dye (sunset yellow) on actively dividing root tip cells of Brassica campestris L. Three doses of azo dye were administered for the treatment of actively dividing root tip cells, namely, 1%, 3%, and 5%, for 6-hour duration along with control. Mitotic analysis clearly revealed the azo dye induced endpoint deviation like reduction in the frequency of normal divisions in a dose dependent manner. Mitotic divisions in the control sets were found to be perfectly normal while dose based reduction in MI was registered in the treated sets. Azo dye has induced several chromosomal aberrations (genotoxic effect) at various stages of cell cycle such as stickiness of chromosomes, micronuclei formation, precocious migration of chromosome, unorientation, forward movement of chromosome, laggards, and chromatin bridge. Among all, stickiness of chromosomes was present in the highest frequency followed by partial genome elimination as micronuclei. The present study suggests that extensive use of synthetic dye should be forbidden due to genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts on living cells. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess potential hazardous effects of these dyes on other test systems like human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny.
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Abda A, Benouareth DE, Tabet M, Liman R, Konuk M, Khallef M, Taher A. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of drinking water in Guelma region, Algeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:21. [PMID: 25626560 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a battery of genotoxicity assays for monitoring drinking water was performed to assess the quality of the water resulting from the treatment plants. Five different types of samples were collected: raw water (P1), treated after pre-chlorination (P2), treated after decantation (P3), treated post-chlorination (P4), and consumers' taps (P5-P12). This study aims to evaluate the formation/occurrence of mutagenic and/or genotoxic compounds in surface drinking waters treated with chlorine disinfectant, during four seasonal experiments: summer, autumn, winter, and spring between 2012 and 2013 by bacterial reverse mutation assay in both Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with or without metabolic activation system (S9 mix) and Allium cepa root meristematic cells, respectively. All of water samples, except at P1, P2, and P5 in summer; P1 in autumn; and P1 and P3-P12 in spring without S9 mix, and at P1 and P2 in summer and P6 and P8-P12 in spring with S9 mix, were found to be mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98. However, only P11 and P12 in winter were found to be mutagenic for TA100 without S9 mix. The tested preparations in Allium anaphase-telophase test revealed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) and a simultaneous increase in chromosome aberrations (CAs) compared to the control. The bridge, stickiness, vagrant chromosomes, and disturbed chromosome aberrations were observed in anaphase-telophase cells. Physicochemical analysis, trihalomethanes (THMs), romoform (CHBr3), chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) levels in water samples were also determined. The results show also that this short-term battery tests are applicable in the routine monitoring of drinking water quality before and after distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Abda
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, 24000, Guelma, Algeria
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Kumar G, Pandey A. Genotoxic and mito-depressive effects of food preservatives on root meristems of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3199/iscb.10.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girjesh Kumar
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Asha Pandey
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad-211002, India
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Assessment of genotoxicity of some common food preservatives using Allium cepa L. as a test plant. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:300-308. [PMID: 28962247 PMCID: PMC5598233 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food preservatives play important role in today's food supplies that are used to prolong the self-life of products by protecting them from deterioration caused by micro-organisms. In this study, investigations were carried out to study the impacts of food preservatives like butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, sorbic acid, propyl gallate and sodium nitrate. The effects of these preservatives at concentration of 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2500 ppm for 4 h, 8 h and 16 h of exposure period were studied on the root tips of Allium cepa. Cytological studies revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) inhibition in mitotic index with an increase in concentration of the food preservatives when compared with the control. Most frequent cytological abnormalities observed were bridges, multipolarity, C-mitosis, stickiness and cell death. The total percentages of abnormalities were also increased with increasing concentration and time duration. The abnormalities (%) in root system caused by used preservatives were recorded as butylated hydroxytoluene < butylated hydroxyanisole < sodium nitrate < sorbic acid < propyl gallate.
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Key Words
- Allium cepa
- B, bridge
- BHA, butylated hydroxyanisol
- BHT, butylated hydroxyltoluene
- BN, binucleated
- Butylated hydroxyanisol (PubChem CID: 517036)
- Butylated hydroxyltoluene (PubChem CID: 31404)
- CA, chromosome aberration
- CB, chromosomal break
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Food preservatives
- Genotoxicity
- MI, mitotic index
- MP, multipolarity
- Mitotic index
- PG, propyl gallate
- Propyl gallate (PubChem CID: 4947)
- SA, sorbic acid
- SN, sodium nitrate
- Sodium nitrate (PubChem CID: 24268)
- Sorbic acid (PubChem CID: 643460)
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Arya SK, Basu A, Mukherjee A. Lead induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in root cells of Allium cepa and Vicia faba. THE NUCLEUS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-013-0099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ma J, Guo D, Su W, Wang D, Guo C. Evaluation of phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nitrobenzene with a battery of Vicia faba assay system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1426-1432. [PMID: 23423993 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrobenzene (NB) is an important organic compound intermediate that is used widely in industry. In the present study, to evaluate the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of NB on plants, Vicia faba was exposed to increasing concentrations of NB (5 mg L(-1) , 10 mg L(-1) , 25 mg L(-1) , 50 mg L(-1) , and 100 mg L(-1) ). The data revealed that germination rate and radicle length of V. faba seedlings were promoted by low NB concentrations and short exposure periods, whereas these parameters were inhibited at greater NB concentrations and longer exposures. When assessed by mitotic index, micronucleus, and chromosomal aberration assays, NB showed dose-dependent genotoxicity at 0 mg L(-1) to 50 mg L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Heilongjiang Province, China
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26
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Meng Z. The vasodilator mechanisms of sodium metabisulfite on precontracted isolated aortic rings in rats: signal transduction pathways and ion channels. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3114-9. [PMID: 22727858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is most commonly used as a food additives, however few study was performed on the vasodilator effect of SMB. In the present paper, the vasodilator effects of SMB and roles of Ca(2+) and K(+) channels as well as the cGMP pathway on isolated rat aortic rings were studied. The results show that: (1) SMB could relax isolated aortic rings precontracted by norepinephrine in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was approximately 20% whereas that not depending on the presence of the endothelium was more than 90%. (2) The vasorelaxant effects induced by 50 or 200 μM SMB were partially inhibited by iberiotoxin, NS-2028 or l-NNA. The vasorelaxation of 1000 μM SMB was partially inhibited by nifedipine or glibenclamide. The SMB induced vasorelaxation was partially inhibited by tetraethylammonium. These results led to the conclusions that the vasorelaxation of SMB at low concentrations (<400 μM) was endothelium-dependent and mediated by the cGMP pathway and BK(Ca) channel, but at high concentrations (>500 μM) was endothelium-independent and mediated by K(ATP) channel and L-type Ca(2+) channel. The maximal allowable concentration from China and the acceptable daily intake level from WHO of SMB as a food additive should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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27
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Parween T, Jan S, Mahmooduzzafar, Sharma MP, Mujib A, Fatma T. Genotoxic impact of cadmium on root meristem of Vicia faba L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068367411020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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da Costa Machado Matos Carvalho IM, Cavalcante AAM, Dantas AF, Pereira DLA, Rocha FCC, Oliveira FMD, Da Silva J. Environmental mutagenicity and toxicity caused by sodium metabisulfite in sea shrimp harvesting in Piauí, Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:1056-1061. [PMID: 21056453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sodium metabisulfite is used in marine shrimp harvesting to prevent the occurrence of black spots. Shrimps are soaked in a sodium metabisulfite solution in ice, which is disposed of in sewages that run into marine canals, creating an environmental hazard. This study evaluates the toxicity and mutagenicity caused by sodium metabisulfite in sea waters and sediments collected in a shrimp farm in Cajueiro da Praia (Luis Correia), state of Piauí, Brazil, using the Allium cepa assay. Water and sediment samples were collected in the dry and in the rainy seasons, in three sites: upstream the shrimp farm (Site 1), at the point sodium metabisulfite is discharged (Site 2), and 100 m downstream the farm (Site 3). Three sample dilutions were used (50%, 25% and 10%) for all samples. A negative control (well water) and a positive control (copper sulfate 0.0006 mg mL⁻¹) were used in each experiment. At the end of the 72-h exposure period, onion roots were measured and removed. Mutagenicity analysis included the determination of mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and the detection of micronuclei; analysis of root size and mitotic index were used as an index of toxicity. The A. cepa assay revealed that the water and sediments samples collected in the Piauí coast contaminated with sodium metabisulfite induce toxicity. The results demonstrate that the assay may be used as a regular tool in the analysis of water parameters in shrimp farms in the coast of Piauí state, and in strategies to preserve the region's marine ecosystem.
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Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Inula viscosa leaf extracts with Allium test. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:189252. [PMID: 20617136 PMCID: PMC2896651 DOI: 10.1155/2010/189252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
I. viscosa has been used for years in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, and paper antiphlogistic activities. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of I. viscosa leaf extracts on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa have been examined. Onion bulbs were exposed to 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml concentrations of the extracts for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water has been used as a negative control and Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) (2 * 10(-2) M) has been used as a positive control. The test concentrations have been determined according to doses which are recommended for use in alternative medicine. There has been statistically significant (P < .05) inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extracts when compared with the control groups. All the tested extracts have been observed to have cytotoxic effects on cell division in A. cepa. I. viscosa leaf extract induces the total number of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MNC) formations in A. cepa root tip cells significantly when compared with control groups. Also, this paper shows for the first time the induction of cell death, ghost cells, cells with membrane damage, and binucleated cells by extract treatment. These results suggest the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the I. viscosa leaf extracts on A. cepa.
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Souza TS, Hencklein FA, Angelis DF, Gonçalves RA, Fontanetti CS. The Allium cepa bioassay to evaluate landfarming soil, before and after the addition of rice hulls to accelerate organic pollutants biodegradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1363-1368. [PMID: 19285726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Landfarming is a soil bioremediation technology practiced by oil refineries in order to reduce or eliminate hydrocarbons from petroleum sludge. The goal of the current study was to use Allium cepa bioassay to assess landfarming and landfarming with rice hulls amendment before and after hydrocarbons biodegradation assay in the laboratory. Three cytogenetic endpoints were used: mitotic and chromosome abnormalities (MCA), micronucleus (MN) and nuclear buds (NB). Landfarming presented 13.5 g/kg of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and caused strong clastogenic and mutagenic effects (p<0.05) in A. cepa. After 108 days of biodegradation, the landfarming reached the rate of 26.30 mmol of CO(2) released, the concentration of TPHs decreased by 27% and there was significant reduction in MCA, MN and NB. Landfarming treated with rice hulls had the highest release of CO(2), 110.9 mmol, associated with a remarkable reduction in TPHs concentration, 59%, and had the highest decrease in MCA, MN and NB (p>0.05). Our findings showed that the use of rice hulls accelerated the biodegradation efficacy of landfarming and reduced their clastogenicity, indicating that supplementary treatments are important to improve the efficiency of bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Souza
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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31
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Carruyo I, Fernández Y, Marcano L, Montiel X, Torrealba Z. Correlation of toxicity with lead content in root tip cells (Allium cepa L.). Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 125:276-85. [PMID: 18636231 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study determines lead content in onion root tip cells (Allium cepa L.), correlating it with its toxicity. The treatment was carried at 25 +/- 0.5 degrees C using aqueous solutions of lead chloride at 0.1, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 ppm for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. For each treatment, a control where the lead solution was substituted by distilled water was included. After treatment, the meristems were fixed with a mixture of alcohol-acetic acid (3:1) and colored according to the technique of Feulgen. Lead content was quantified by graphite furnace absorption atomic spectrometry. The lead content in the roots ranged from 3.25 to 244.72 microg/g dry weight, with a direct relation with the concentration and time of exposure. A significant negative correlation was presented (r = -0.3629; p < 0.01) among lead content and root growth increment, and a positive correlation (r = 0.7750; p < 0.01) with the induction of chromosomic aberrations. In conclusion, lead is able to induce a toxic effect in the exposed roots, correlated with its content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Carruyo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela.
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32
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Souguir D, Ferjani E, Ledoigt G, Goupil P. Exposure of Vicia faba and Pisum sativum to copper-induced genotoxicity. PROTOPLASMA 2008; 233:203-7. [PMID: 18548320 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-008-0004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential genotoxicity of Cu(2+) was investigated in Vicia faba and Pisum sativum seedlings in hydroponic culture conditions. Cu(2+) caused a dose-dependent increase in micronuclei frequencies in both plant models. Cytological analysis of root tips cells showed clastogenic and aneugenic effects of this heavy metal on V. faba root meristems. Cu(2+) induced chromosomal alterations at the lowest concentration used (2.5 mM) when incubated for 42 h, indicating the potent mutagenic effect of this ion. A spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities was observed in V. faba root meristems, illustrating the genotoxic events leading to micronuclei formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Souguir
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Végétales, EA ERTAC, Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, Aubière, France
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Evaluation of genotoxic effects of sodium propionate, calcium propionate and potassium propionate on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2035-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Yavuz-Kocaman A, Rencuzogullari E, Ila HB, Topaktas M. The genotoxic effect of potassium metabisulfite using chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, micronucleus tests in human lymphocytes and chromosome aberration test in bone marrow cells of rats. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:276-282. [PMID: 18338376 DOI: 10.1002/em.20382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Potassium metabisulfite (PMB) is used as an antimicrobial substance in many kinds of foods. In the present study, the effects of PMB on chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronucleus (MN) formation in human lymphocytes and as well as its effect on CAs in bone marrow cells of rats were investigated. The human lymphocytes were treated with 25, 50, 100, and 200 microg/ml of PMB for 24 and 48 hr. PMB was also intraperitoneally (ip) injected to the rats as a single dose of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 12 and 24 hr before sacrifice. PMB induced abnormalities such as structural and numerical (total) CAs, SCEs, and MN formations in a dose dependent manner in the lymphocytes of the 24- and 48-hr treatment periods. In addition, PMB showed a cytotoxic effect by decreasing the replication index (RI), mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) in a dose dependent manner in human lymphocytes. The compound induced CA as well and decreased the MI in bone marrow cells of rats. It might be concluded that PMB had a high genotoxic and cytotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Yavuz-Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Natural and Applied Science Institute, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Türkoğlu S. Genotoxicity of five food preservatives tested on root tips of Allium cepa L. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 626:4-14. [PMID: 17005441 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the food preservatives sodium benzoate (SB), boric acid (BA), citric acid (CA), potassium citrate (PC) and sodium citrate (SC) have been studied on root tips of Allium cepa L. Roots of A. cepa were treated with a series of concentrations, ranging from 20 to 100 ppm for 5, 10 and 20 h. The results indicate that these food preservatives reduced mitotic division in A. cepa compared with the respective control. Mitotic index values were generally decreased with increasing concentrations and longer treatment times. Additionally, variations in the percentage of mitotic stages were observed. The total percentage of aberrations generally increased with increasing concentrations of these chemicals and the longer period of treatment. Different abnormal mitotic figures were observed in all mitotic phases. Among these abnormalities were anaphase bridges, C-mitosis, micronuclei, lagging, stickiness, breaks and unequal distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifa Türkoğlu
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Sivas, Turkey.
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