1
|
Mossine VV, Mawhinney TP. 1-Amino-1-deoxy-d-fructose ("fructosamine") and its derivatives. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2023; 83:27-132. [PMID: 37968038 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Fructosamine has long been considered as a key intermediate of the Maillard reaction, which to a large extent is responsible for specific aroma, taste, and color formation in thermally processed or dehydrated foods. Since the 1980s, however, as a product of the Amadori rearrangement reaction between glucose and biologically significant amines such as proteins, fructosamine has experienced a boom in biomedical research, mainly due to its relevance to pathologies in diabetes and aging. In this chapter, we assess the scope of the knowledge on and applications of fructosamine-related molecules in chemistry, food, and health sciences, as reflected mostly in publications within the past decade. Methods of fructosamine synthesis and analysis, its chemical, and biological properties, and degradation reactions, together with fructosamine-modifying and -recognizing proteins are surveyed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeri V Mossine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thomas P Mawhinney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou X, Lai W, Zhong J, Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhang C. Point-of-care detection of glycated hemoglobin using a novel dry chemistry-based electrochemiluminescence device. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341829. [PMID: 37827624 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
As a good biomarker to reflect the average level of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is mainly used for long-term glycemic monitoring and risk assessment of complications in diabetic patients. Previous analysis methods for HbA1c usually require complex pretreatment processes and large-scale biochemical analyzers, which makes it difficult to realize the point-of-care testing (POCT) of HbA1c. In this work, we have proposed a three-electrode dry chemistry-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor and its self-contained automatic ECL analyzer. In this enzymatic biosensor, fructosyl amino-caid oxidase (FAOD) reacts with the hydrolysis product of HbA1c, and the produced hydrogen peroxide further reacts with luminol under the appropriate driving voltage, generating photons to realize the quantitative detection of HbA1c. Under optimized conditions, the biosensors have a good linear response to different concentrations of fructosyl valine (FV) ranging from 0.05 to 2 mM, with a limit of detection of 2 μM. The within-batch variation is less than 15%, and the biosensors still have 78% of the initial response after the accelerated aging test of 36 h at 37 °C. Furthermore, the recoveries for different concentrations of samples in whole blood were within 92.3-99.7%. These results illustrate that the proposed method has the potential for use in POCT of HbA1c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wei Lai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital Nansha Hospital, Guangzhou, 511457, China.
| | - Chunsun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Zhang H, Zhu M, Kuang Z, Li X, Xu F, Miao S, Zhang Z, Lou X, Li H, Xia F. Electrochemical Biosensors for Whole Blood Analysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37262362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems for whole blood testing toward the goal of disease monitoring and treatment. Among the techniques employed for whole-blood diagnostics, electrochemical biosensors, as known to be rapid, sensitive, capable of miniaturization, reagentless and washing free, become a class of emerging technology to achieve the target detection specifically and directly in complex media, e.g., whole blood or even in the living body. Here we are aiming to provide a comprehensive review to summarize advances over the past decade in the development of electrochemical sensors for whole blood analysis. Further, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhujun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zishuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mandali PK, Prabakaran A, Annadurai K, Krishnan UM. Trends in Quantification of HbA1c Using Electrochemical and Point-of-Care Analyzers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1901. [PMID: 36850502 PMCID: PMC9965793 DOI: 10.3390/s23041901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), one of the many variants of hemoglobin (Hb), serves as a standard biomarker of diabetes, as it assesses the long-term glycemic status of the individual for the previous 90-120 days. HbA1c levels in blood are stable and do not fluctuate when compared to the random blood glucose levels. The normal level of HbA1c is 4-6.0%, while concentrations > 6.5% denote diabetes. Conventionally, HbA1c is measured using techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, immunoassays, capillary electrophoresis, fluorometry, etc., that are time-consuming, expensive, and involve complex procedures and skilled personnel. These limitations have spurred development of sensors incorporating nanostructured materials that can aid in specific and accurate quantification of HbA1c. Various chemical and biological sensing elements with and without nanoparticle interfaces have been explored for HbA1c detection. Attempts are underway to improve the detection speed, increase accuracy, and reduce sample volumes and detection costs through different combinations of nanomaterials, interfaces, capture elements, and measurement techniques. This review elaborates on the recent advances in the realm of electrochemical detection for HbA1c detection. It also discusses the emerging trends and challenges in the fabrication of effective, accurate, and cost-effective point-of-care (PoC) devices for HbA1c and the potential way forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Mandali
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Amrish Prabakaran
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Kasthuri Annadurai
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng XQ, Ju Y, Dou WT, Li Q, Jin ZG, He XP, James TD, Ye BC. Ferrocene-Labelled Electroactive Aptamer-Based Sensors (Aptasensors) for Glycated Haemoglobin. Molecules 2021; 26:7077. [PMID: 34885660 PMCID: PMC8659020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is a diagnostic biomarker for type 2 diabetes. Traditional analytical methods for haemoglobin (Hb) detection rely on chromatography, which requires significant instrumentation and is labour-intensive; consequently, miniaturized devices that can rapidly sense HbA1c are urgently required. With this research, we report on an aptamer-based sensor (aptasensor) for the rapid and selective electrochemical detection of HbA1c. Aptamers that specifically bind HbA1c and Hb were modified with a sulfhydryl and ferrocene group at the 3' and 5'-end, respectively. The modified aptamers were coated through sulfhydryl-gold self-assembly onto screen printed electrodes, producing aptasensors with built in electroactivity. When haemoglobin was added to the electrodes, the current intensity of the ferrocene in the sensor system was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner as determined by differential pulse voltammetry. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed selective binding of the analytes to the aptamer-coated electrode. This research offers new insight into the development of portable electrochemical sensors for the detection of HbA1c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Feng
- Laboratory of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.-Q.F.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 200237, China; (Q.L.); (Z.-G.J.)
| | - Yi Ju
- Laboratory of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.-Q.F.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 200237, China; (Q.L.); (Z.-G.J.)
| | - Wei-Tao Dou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 200237, China; (Q.L.); (Z.-G.J.)
| | - Zhong-Gan Jin
- Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 200237, China; (Q.L.); (Z.-G.J.)
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (X.-Q.F.); (Y.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giraudo F, Lalanne I, Valdés I, Gajardo A, Charron-Prochownik D, Codner E. Risky sexual behaviors in adolescents and young adult women with type 1 diabetes: An overlooked problem. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:1092-1098. [PMID: 34192395 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of unprotected sex activity in women living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who have insufficient glycemic control should be considered as a specific risky behavior. To evaluate risky behaviors, including unprotected sexual activity, sources of information and knowledge related to reproductive health in adolescents and young adult women with T1D (PwT1D) compared to a group of adolescents and young adult women without diabetes (Comparison group). PwT1D and the Comparison group completed a questionnaire with validated measures that assessed reproductive health. PwT1D (n = 115, age = 17.7 ± 3.2 years) and Comparison group (n = 386, age = 18.3 ± 2.9) were recruited. The proportion of women reporting having sex without any contraceptive was similar in both groups (57.1% and 50%, in PwT1D and Comparison group, respectively). The use of non-effective contraceptive was reported in 63.2% and 63.6% of the PwT1D and Comparison group, respectively. Among PwT1D, parents, formal sex education, and friends were the primary source of information on reproductive health. Low levels of knowledge about diabetes and pregnancy were observed in PwT1D. HbA1c level was associated with having at least one sexual activity without any contraception (OR = 1.63, p = 0.039). PwT1D have similar rates of risky behaviors compared to a Comparison group. Sexual risky behaviors should be especially considered in PwT1D with glycemic control above the optimal level. Parents are an important source of reproductive health information for PwT1D. Use of effective contraception should be reinforced in sexually active PwT1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Giraudo
- Institute Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Juvenile Diabetes Foundation of Chile (FDJ), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Lalanne
- Institute Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Juvenile Diabetes Foundation of Chile (FDJ), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Valdés
- Institute Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Juvenile Diabetes Foundation of Chile (FDJ), Santiago, Chile
| | - Abraham Gajardo
- Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, ICBM, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denise Charron-Prochownik
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Floyd CN, Brady S, Monteiro D, Nathan Y, Crook M. Unexpected high HbA1c results due to an unusual haemoglobin variant: an important clinical lesson. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:331-332. [PMID: 33452150 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Floyd
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.,King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sally Brady
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Monteiro
- Department of Special Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yashica Nathan
- Department of Diabetes, University Hospital, Lewisham and Greenwich Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin Crook
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' and Lewisham and Greenwich Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bergman M, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA, Manco M, Sesti G, Fiorentino TV, Ceriello A, Rhee M, Phillips LS, Chung S, Cravalho C, Jagannathan R, Monnier L, Colette C, Owens D, Bianchi C, Del Prato S, Monteiro MP, Neves JS, Medina JL, Macedo MP, Ribeiro RT, Filipe Raposo J, Dorcely B, Ibrahim N, Buysschaert M. Review of methods for detecting glycemic disorders. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 165:108233. [PMID: 32497744 PMCID: PMC7977482 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycemia) consists of two abnormalities, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) detected by a standardized 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Individuals with isolated IGT or combined IFG and IGT have increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diagnosing prediabetes early and accurately is critical in order to refer high-risk individuals for intensive lifestyle modification. However, there is currently no international consensus for diagnosing prediabetes with HbA1c or glucose measurements based upon American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria that identify different populations at risk for progressing to diabetes. Various caveats affecting the accuracy of interpreting the HbA1c including genetics complicate this further. This review describes established methods for detecting glucose disorders based upon glucose and HbA1c parameters as well as novel approaches including the 1-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG), glucose challenge test (GCT), shape of the glucose curve, genetics, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), measures of insulin secretion and sensitivity, metabolomics, and ancillary tools such as fructosamine, glycated albumin (GA), 1,5- anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG). Of the approaches considered, the 1-h PG has considerable potential as a biomarker for detecting glucose disorders if confirmed by additional data including health economic analysis. Whether the 1-h OGTT is superior to genetics and omics in providing greater precision for individualized treatment requires further investigation. These methods will need to demonstrate substantially superiority to simpler tools for detecting glucose disorders to justify their cost and complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bergman
- NYU School of Medicine, NYU Diabetes Prevention Program, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, 423 East 23rd Street, Room 16049C, NY, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Ricerca Cura Carattere Scientifico Multimedica, Sesto, San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
| | - Mary Rhee
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Lawrence S Phillips
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Stephanie Chung
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Celeste Cravalho
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ram Jagannathan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Louis Monnier
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Claude Colette
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - David Owens
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Wales, UK.
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- University Hospital of Pisa, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC-Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rogério Tavares Ribeiro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, APDP Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João Filipe Raposo
- CEDOC-Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Brenda Dorcely
- NYU School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, NY, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Nouran Ibrahim
- NYU School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, NY, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Martin Buysschaert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Université Catholique de Louvain, University Clinic Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
HbA1c: High in acute cerebral infarction and low in brain trauma. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:293-306. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Fang C, Li H, Yan J, Guo H, Yifeng T. Progress of the Electrochemiluminescence Biosensing Strategy for Clinical Diagnosis with Luminol as the Sensing Probe. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Dushu Lake Campus; Soochow University; Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215004 P. R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- College of Nursing, Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Jilin Yan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Dushu Lake Campus; Soochow University; Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Heming Guo
- Department of Endocrinology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215004 P. R. China
| | - Tu Yifeng
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Dushu Lake Campus; Soochow University; Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The progress of luminescent assay in clinical diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Molazemhosseini A, Magagnin L, Vena P, Liu CC. Single-Use Disposable Electrochemical Label-Free Immunosensor for Detection of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). SENSORS 2016; 16:s16071024. [PMID: 27376299 PMCID: PMC4970074 DOI: 10.3390/s16071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A single-use disposable in vitro electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of HbA1c in undiluted human serum using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was developed. A three-electrode configuration electrochemical biosensor consisted of 10-nm-thin gold film working and counter electrodes and a thick-film printed Ag/AgCl reference electrode was fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Micro-fabrication techniques including sputtering vapor deposition and thick-film printing were used to fabricate the biosensor. This was a roll-to-roll cost-effective manufacturing process making the single-use disposable in vitro HbA1c biosensor a reality. Self-assembled monolayers of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were employed to covalently immobilize anti-HbA1c on the surface of gold electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the excellent coverage of MPA-SAM and the upward orientation of carboxylic groups. The hindering effect of HbA1c on the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide electron transfer reaction was exploited as the HbA1c detection mechanism. The biosensor showed a linear range of 7.5–20 µg/mL of HbA1c in 0.1 M PBS. Using undiluted human serum as the test medium, the biosensor presented an excellent linear behavior (R2 = 0.999) in the range of 0.1–0.25 mg/mL of HbA1c. The potential application of this biosensor for in vitro measurement of HbA1c for diabetic management was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Molazemhosseini
- Dipartimento Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Magagnin
- Dipartimento Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Vena
- Dipartimento Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chung-Chiun Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rigoldi F, Gautieri A, Dalle Vedove A, Lucarelli AP, Vesentini S, Parisini E. Crystal structure of the deglycating enzyme Amadoriase I in its free form and substrate-bound complex. Proteins 2016; 84:744-58. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rigoldi
- Dipartimento Di Elettronica; Informazione E Bioingegneria, Politecnico Di Milano; Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Alfonso Gautieri
- Dipartimento Di Elettronica; Informazione E Bioingegneria, Politecnico Di Milano; Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Andrea Dalle Vedove
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia; Milano 20133 Italy
- Dipartimento Di Chimica; Materiali E Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico Di Milano; Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Anna Paola Lucarelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia; Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Simone Vesentini
- Dipartimento Di Elettronica; Informazione E Bioingegneria, Politecnico Di Milano; Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia; Milano 20133 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu P, Wu X, Hu S, Tang Z, Dai G, Liu Y. Upconversion nanoparticle arrays for detecting glycated hemoglobin with high sensitivity and good reusability. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted extensive interest in bio-applications due to their unique optical properties by converting near infrared excitation to visible emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shigang Hu
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Zhijun Tang
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Gangtao Dai
- Department of Physics and Electrical Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Yunxin Liu
- Department of Physics and Electrical Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
- INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Niroomand M, Ghasemi SN, Karimi-Sari H, Kazempour-Ardebili S, Amiri P, Khosravi MH. Diabetes knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study among Iranian in-patients with type-2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S114-S119. [PMID: 26610404 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies highlight barriers of diabetes educational programs in Iran and also present some successful experiences carried out for improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of type-2 diabetic patients. Hence, evaluation of patients' KAP seems to be needed. We designed a multicenter study evaluating level of KAP in type-2 diabetic patients in the capital city of Tehran and identifying variables that affect this KAP level. METHODS This multicenter analytical cross-sectional study was approved by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee. Questionnaires were designed for evaluation of diabetes-related KAP in patients. After validating the questionnaires by endocrinologists, test-retest method was used for questionnaire reliability by checking in 15 diabetic patients. Two hundred type-2 diabetic patients admitted to 4 hospitals of Tehran filled out the questionnaires. Using SPSS software, the level of KAP and its confounders were evaluated in patients. RESULTS Two hundred type-2 diabetic patients with the mean age of 60.17 years were evaluated (106 male and 94 female). The mean diabetes duration was 13.06 years. The levels of patients' good knowledge, attitude, and practice were 61.41%, 50.44% and 52.23%, respectively. Age, treatment methods, DM duration, and existence of diabetic retinopathy had significant correlations with KAP level. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that recent educational programs in Iran improved KAP level. Patients' KAP increases as their condition worsens/progresses. Hence education should be considered as a priority for newly diagnosed patients and those with lower KAP levels before occurrence of diabetes complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Niroomand
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Najmeh Ghasemi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Karimi-Sari
- Students' Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Kazempour-Ardebili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rigoldi F, Spero L, Dalle Vedove A, Redaelli A, Parisini E, Gautieri A. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the substrate specificity of FAOX family members. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2622-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic assays based on Fructosyl Amino Acid Oxidases (FAOX) represent a potential, rapid and economical strategy to measure glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), which is in turn a reliable method to monitor the insurgence and the development of diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rigoldi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Ludovica Spero
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Andrea Dalle Vedove
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Alfonso Gautieri
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
With standardization of measurement of glycated hemoglobin (A1C), the International Expert Committee Report in 2009 and the American Diabetes Association in 2010 recommended incorporating A1C ≥6.5% into the previous diagnostic criteria using fasting plasma glucose and/or 2-hour plasma glucose. Whereas the association of A1C with cardiovascular diseases and other diabetic microvascular complications was linear without evidence of a distinct threshold, several studies suggested a threshold value for A1C in diabetic retinopathy (DR). In studies about the optimal cutoff value for A1C in DR, the A1C values range from 5.2% to 7.8%. There are several possible reasons why these values for DR differ so widely (differences in the definition and/or methods for DR, variation in statistical methods, differences in study population, differences in exclusion criteria, and difference in methods for measuring A1C). With these wide variations in the study method, drawing a conclusive cutoff value for A1C in DR is impossible. In published studies, the cutoff values for moderate or severe DR were higher than those for any or mild DR (6.4% to 7.0% vs. 5.5% to 6.5%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
In vivo modification of proteins by molecules with reactive carbonyl groups leads to intermediate and advanced glycation end products (AGE). Glucose is a significant glycation reagent due to its high physiological concentration and poorly controlled diabetics show increased albumin glycation. Increased levels of glycated and AGE-modified albumin have been linked to diabetic complications, neurodegeneration, and vascular disease. This review discusses glycated albumin formation, structural consequences of albumin glycation on drug binding, removal of circulating AGE by several scavenger receptors, as well as AGE-induced proinflammatory signaling through activation of the receptor for AGE. Analytical methods for quantitative detection of protein glycation and AGE formation are compared. Finally, the use of glycated albumin as a novel clinical marker to monitor glycemic control is discussed and compared to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as long-term indicator of glycemic status.
Collapse
|
19
|
Klonoff DC. ADAG study group data links A1C levels with empirically measured blood glucose values - new treatment guidelines will now be needed. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2014; 8:439-43. [PMID: 24876603 PMCID: PMC4455453 DOI: 10.1177/1932296814529638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Gillery P. A history of HbA1c through Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 51:65-74. [PMID: 22992284 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HbA(1c) was discovered in the late 1960s and its use as marker of glycemic control has gradually increased over the course of the last four decades. Recognized as the gold standard of diabetic survey, this parameter was successfully implemented in clinical practice in the 1970s and 1980s and internationally standardized in the 1990s and 2000s. The use of standardized and well-controlled methods, with well-defined performance criteria, has recently opened new directions for HbA(1c) use in patient care, e.g., for diabetes diagnosis. Many reports devoted to HbA1c have been published in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) journal. This review reminds the major steps of HbA(1c) history, with a special emphasis on the contribution of CCLM in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gillery
- Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, American Memorial Hospital, CHU of Reims, Reims, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Association between serum level of vitamin D and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients in Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:7. [PMID: 24398023 PMCID: PMC3937161 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background It is suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) via its effect on lipid profiles. The objective of this study was to determine the association between fasting serum levels of 25(OH) D and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 type 2 diabetics. Patients were selected randomly among members of the Iranian Diabetes Association according to study criteria. Fasting concentration of 25(OH) D, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lipid profiles (including triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol) were measured. Results The mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and PTH were 53.41 ± 33.25 nmol/l and 40.24 ± 18.24 pmol/l, respectively, in type 2 diabetic patients. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 58.34% and vitamin D sufficiency and insufficiency combined was 41.66%. Although in diabetic patients with vitamin D deficiency, serum levels of total cholesterol, TG, and LDL were higher and HDL was lower compared to patients with vitamin D sufficiency, this association was statistically significant only for serum level of TG (145.91 ± 79.00 vs. 122.95 ± 55.82 mg/dl). Conclusions The results of present study show that serum concentrations of 25(OH) D were inversely associated with TG. More interventional studies are needed to confirm the relationship between serum concentration of vitamin D and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Genc S, Omer B, Aycan-Ustyol E, Ince N, Bal F, Gurdol F. Evaluation of turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (TINIA) and HPLC methods for glycated haemoglobin determination. J Clin Lab Anal 2013; 26:481-5. [PMID: 23143632 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various factors may affect the accuracy of hemoglobin (Hb) A1c measurements that are widely used to monitor glycemic control in diabetic patients. This study was aimed to compare the values of HbA1c obtained by two different methods, Roche Tina-quant second and thirdgeneration HbA1c assays based on the turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (TINIA), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) cation-exchange method used by Arkray Adams HA-8160 analyzer. METHODS Measurements of HbA1c were carried out in blood samples from 2,917 patients using above-mentioned methods. Linear regression was used for the correlation analysis and linear equations. Bland-Altman plots were performed from method comparison data using MedCalc statistical software. RESULTS For the low control, the second generation Tina-quant assay had within-run and between-run CVs 0.8% and 0.9%; for the high control within-run and between-run CVs were 1% and 0.96%, respectively. HPLC method for the low control had within-run CV 1% and between-run CV 1.3%; for the high control within-run CV was 0.6% and between-run CV was 0.9%. CONCLUSION There was a good concordance between the results of TINIA and HPLC methods (y = 1.091x - 0.363; r(2) = 0.96).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sema Genc
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mosca A, Lapolla A, Gillery P. Glycemic control in the clinical management of diabetic patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:753-66. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
John WG. Use of HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the UK. The implementation of World Health Organization guidance 2011. Diabet Med 2012; 29:1350-7. [PMID: 22957983 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The WHO was very clear that an HbA(1c) of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) and above is diagnostic of diabetes. They were less clear regarding results that fell below 48 mmol/mol. The WHO recognize that individuals with HbA(1c) values below the cut-off point may still have diabetes, but give no guidance on how to investigate further. It is important that these individuals, who may be at increased risk of developing diabetes, are monitored correctly; a recommended scheme is given in Fig. 2; following these recommendations will ensure at-risk people are not overlooked and will be monitored closely. Even although it is not recommended to combine HbA(1c) with glucose measurement for diagnosis, the WHO did not discount the value of a fasting glucose and an oral glucose tolerance test to diagnose diabetes in selected individuals; it is the responsibility of the investigating doctor to choose how best to diagnose on an individual basis. This new method of diagnosing diabetes will identify a different cohort as having diabetes than is currently being diagnosed; but the process of investigation that does not require a fasting sample makes investigation easier, allowing more people to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G John
- Clinical Biochemistry, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Taheri E, Djalali M, Saedisomeolia A, Moghadam AM, Djazayeri A, Qorbani M. The relationship between the activates of antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells and body mass index in Iranian type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2012; 11:3. [PMID: 23497678 PMCID: PMC3581104 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-11-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxide (GSH-PX) in type 2 diabetic patients compared with healthy subjects. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 type 2 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls. Total antioxidant capacity and fasting serum levels of SOD, GR, and GSH-Px were measured. All data were analyzed using SPSS software compatible with Microsoft Windows. RESULTS The activity levels of SOD were lower in diabetic patients (111.93 ± 354.99 U/g Hb) than in healthy controls (1158.53 ± 381.21 U/g Hb), but this was not significant. Activity levels of GSH-PX and GR in diabetics (62.33 ± 36.29 and 7.17 ± 5.51 U/g Hb, respectively) were higher than in controls (24.62 ± 11.2 and 3.16 ± 2.95 U/g Hb, respectively). The statistical difference in enzyme activity of both GSH-Px and GR was significant (P <0.05). CONCLUSION The increasing production of free radicals and changes in activity levels of antioxidant enzymes in order to scavenge free radicals and/or the effect of diabetes on the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes has an important effect on diabetic complications and insulin resistance. Evaluation of the levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant factors in patients at different stages of the disease, and pharmaceutical and nutritional interventions, can be helpful in reducing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. There were positive relationship between BMI and the activity of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, GR and GPX in both groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsaneh Taheri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has been widely used in the field of diabetes. The development of new ionization methods and the effective coupling of mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography have enabled the protein modifications due to glycation processes to be investigated. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS) has been used to evaluate the degree of glycation of specific plasma proteins. In contrast, the classic proteomic approach has been used to identify glycation sites and condensed sugar modifications. The same methods have been applied to studies on urinary protein profiles, enabling changes due to the development of long-term, diabetes-induced nephropathy to be identified. Published studies demonstrate that mass spectrometry is an important analytical tool for monitoring diabetes, capable of providing physicians with a new, more complete view of the physiopathological changes occurring as the disease develops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Lapolla
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Padova, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
del Castillo E, Montes-Bayón M, Añón E, Sanz-Medel A. Quantitative targeted biomarker assay for glycated haemoglobin by multidimensional LC using mass spectrometric detection. J Proteomics 2010; 74:35-43. [PMID: 20691816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of quantitative strategies for targeted biomarker analysis represents an urgent task especially in the field of clinical diagnosis. In this regard, the measurement of glycohaemoglobin (HbA(1c)) in blood has become the most specific way of monitoring long-term glycaemia in diabetic patients. Thus, there is an urgent need for methods that provide accurate and precise HbA(1c) results. A new method for the determination of HbA(1c) in blood samples based on the complementary use of multidimensional liquid chromatography (LC) and elemental (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) and molecular (electrospray-mass spectrometry, ESI-MS) MS techniques has been developed and validated. Different multidimensional separation possibilities by combining affinity and cation exchange chromatography have been explored for the adequate isolation of HbA(1c), which purity is addressed by ESI-MS. The workflow includes a final quantitative determination of HbA(1c) by elemental (Fe) isotope dilution analysis (IDA) with ICP-MS. For this purpose, the post-column addition of the isotopically labeled iron ((57)Fe) has been used to quantify the eluting Fe-species from the column. The IDA methodology has been validated by analyzing a certified reference material and several samples from patients whose HbA(1c) levels were determined by a standard reference method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela del Castillo
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemsitry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Braga F, Dolci A, Mosca A, Panteghini M. Biological variability of glycated hemoglobin. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1606-10. [PMID: 20688052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) has a pivotal role in monitoring glycemic state in diabetic patients. Furthermore, the American Diabetes Association has recently recommended the use of HbA(1c) for diabetes diagnosis, but a clear definition of the clinically allowable measurement error is still lacking. Information on biological variability of the analyte can be used to achieve this goal. METHODS We systematically reviewed the published studies on the biological variation of HbA(1c) to check consistency of available data in order to accurately define analytical goals. RESULTS The nine recruited studies were limited by choice of analytic methodology, population selection, protocol application and statistical analyses. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to determine biological variability of HbA(1c) using a specific and traceable assay, appropriate protocol and appropriate statistical evaluation of data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Braga
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Riferibilità Metrologica in Medicina di Laboratorio (CIRME), Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chapelle JP, Teixeira J, Maisin D, Assink H, Barla G, Stroobants AK, Delzenne B, van den Eshof W. Multicentre evaluation of the Tosoh HbA1c G8 analyser. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:365-71. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Rentfro AR, McEwen M, Ritter L. Perspectives for practice: translating estimated average glucose (eAG) to promote diabetes self-management capacity. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2009; 35:581, 585-6, 588-90 passim. [PMID: 19633165 DOI: 10.1177/0145721709338222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to facilitate translation of the Consensus Statement to practice for diabetes educators and other professionals who contribute to the care of individuals with diabetes. METHODS The 2007 Consensus Statement from the American Diabetes Association (ADA), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) called for the standardization of glycated hemoglobin measurement in reporting and use of average glucose values in clinical practice. RESULTS Conversion of glycated hemoglobin percentage to average blood glucose was anchored historically in early laboratory techniques linked to disease outcomes rather than to definitive laboratory standardization. Recently, the A1C-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study demonstrated that A1C values can be accurately expressed as estimated average glucose (eAG) and endorsed eAG as the best way to standardize the expression of laboratory values of glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS Adoption of the 2007 Consensus Statement will influence clinical practice and decision making and subsequently influence self-management for individuals with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marylyn McEwen
- The University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Leslie Ritter
- The University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Hemoglobin HbA(1c) (A(1c)) has been used clinically since the 1980s as a test of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that tight glycemic control, quantified by lower blood glucose and A(1c) levels, reduced the risk of the development of complications from diabetes. Subsequently, standardization of A(1c) measurement was introduced in different countries to ensure accuracy in A(1c) results. Recently, the International Federation of Clinical Chemists (IFCC) introduced a more precise measurement of A(1c) , which has gained international acceptance. However, if the IFCC A(1c) result is expressed as a percentage, it is lower than the current DCCT-aligned A(1c) result, which may lead to confusion and deterioration in diabetic control. Alternative methods of reporting have been proposed, including A(1c) -derived average glucose (ADAG), which derives an average glucose from the A(1c) result. Herein, we review A(1c) , the components involved in A(1c) formation, and the interindividual and assay variations that can lead to differences in A(1c) results, despite comparable glycemic control. We discuss the proposed introduction of ADAG as a surrogate for A(1c) reporting, review imprecisions that may result, and suggest alternative clinical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jane Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10029, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Berg AH, Sacks DB. Haemoglobin A1c analysis in the management of patients with diabetes: from chaos to harmony: Table 1. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:983-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2007.049205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Effective management of patients with diabetes mellitus requires accurate assessments of blood glucose control. The best characterised marker of long term glycaemic control is whole blood haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Published clinical trials have identified quantitative and direct relationships between the HbA1c concentration and risks of diabetic microvascular complications. However, in order to practice evidence-based medicine, assays used to measure patient samples should ideally produce values comparable to the assays used in these trials. Numerous assays using chromatographic and immunological detection methods are used around the world. This paper briefly reviews the scientific evolution of HbA1c and its analysis, discusses the reasons why HbA1c assay standardisation is a challenge, describes the approaches that have been adopted to harmonise HbA1c assays, and addresses the current initiatives to standardise HbA1c globally. These efforts have established HbA1c as an essential component in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus and are likely to lead to the use of HbA1c in the screening/diagnosis of diabetes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Penndorf I, Li C, Schwarzenbolz U, Henle T. N-terminal Glycation of Proteins and Peptides in Foods andin Vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1126:118-23. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1433.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
35
|
Mosca A, Goodall I, Hoshino T, Jeppsson JO, John WG, Little RR, Miedema K, Myers GL, Reinauer H, Sacks DB, Weykamp CW. Global standardization of glycated hemoglobin measurement: the position of the IFCC Working Group. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 45:1077-80. [PMID: 17867998 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of glycated hemoglobin is central in the monitoring of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. There are at least 30 different laboratory assays commercially available to measure the proportion of HbA1c in blood. In 1995 the IFCC established a Working Group (IFCC WG-HbA1c) to achieve international standardization of HbA1c measurement. The main achievements can be summarized as follows: a) a reference measurement procedure has been established with purified primary calibrators; b) a network of reference laboratories has been developed worldwide; and c) work has begun on implementation of traceability to the IFCC reference system. The IFCC WG-HbA1c recognizes the recommendation of the IFCC-IUPAC Committee on Nomenclature, Properties and Units that the analyte measured by the IFCC reference measurement procedure has been defined as betaN1-deoxyfructosyl-hemoglobin and that the recommended measurement units are mmol/mol. The IFCC WG-HbA1c recommends maintaining the use of the name HbA1c in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
36
|
Halámek J, Wollenberger U, Stöcklein W, Scheller F. Development of a biosensor for glycated hemoglobin. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Dominiczak MH. Obesity, glucose intolerance and diabetes and their links to cardiovascular disease. Implications for laboratory medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med 2004; 41:1266-78. [PMID: 14598880 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the role of metabolite toxicity, low-grade inflammation and disturbed cellular signaling in obesity, glucose intolerance and diabetes. It also highlights links between this continuum of deteriorating glucose tolerance and atherosclerosis. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease are all related to diet and to the level of physical activity. They have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Glucose intolerance and diabetes increase the risk of atherosclerotic events. Moreover, obesity, and glucose intolerance or diabetes, are components of the metabolic syndrome, which also imparts an increased cardiovascular risk. There is increasing recognition that common mechanisms contribute to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Following increased calorie intake and/or decreased physical activity, fuel metabolism generates excess of 'toxic' metabolites, particularly glucose and fatty acids. Homeostasis is affected by the endocrine output from the adipose tissue. Reactive oxygen species are generated, creating oxidative stress, which exerts major effects on signaling pathways, further affecting cellular metabolism and triggering low-grade inflammatory reaction. This perspective on the diabetic syndrome has been reflected in the approach to its treatment, which integrates maintenance of glycemic control with primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Laboratory medicine should support diabetes care with an integrated package of tests which, in addition to glycemic control, enable assessment and monitoring of the risk of microvascular complications as well as cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|