1
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Döhner K, Serrero MC, Sodeik B. The role of nuclear pores and importins for herpes simplex virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 62:101361. [PMID: 37672874 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule transport and nuclear import are functionally connected, and the nuclear pore complex (NPC) can interact with microtubule motors. For several alphaherpesvirus proteins, nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and their interactions with specific importin-α proteins have been characterized. Here, we review recent insights on the roles of microtubule motors, capsid-associated NLSs, and importin-α proteins for capsid transport, capsid docking to NPCs, and genome release into the nucleoplasm, as well as the role of importins for nuclear viral transcription, replication, capsid assembly, genome packaging, and nuclear capsid egress. Moreover, importin-α proteins exert antiviral effects by promoting the nuclear import of transcription factors inducing the expression of interferons (IFN), cytokines, and IFN-stimulated genes, and the IFN-inducible MxB restricts capsid docking to NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Döhner
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Manutea C Serrero
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; DZIF - German Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Zhou T, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Tian B, Wu Y, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao XX, Ou X, Mao S, Sun D, Zhang S, Zhu D, Huang J, Gao Q, Yu Y, Zhang L. Regulation of alphaherpesvirus protein via post-translational phosphorylation. Vet Res 2022; 53:93. [PMID: 36397147 PMCID: PMC9670612 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An alphaherpesvirus carries dozens of viral proteins in the envelope, tegument and capsid structure, and each protein plays an indispensable role in virus adsorption, invasion, uncoating and release. After infecting the host, a virus eliminates unfavourable factors via multiple mechanisms to escape or suppress the attack of the host immune system. Post-translational modification of proteins, especially phosphorylation, regulates changes in protein conformation and biological activity through a series of complex mechanisms. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms to leverage host phosphorylation systems to regulate viral protein activity and establish a suitable cellular environment for efficient viral replication and virulence. In this paper, viral protein kinases and the regulation of viral protein function mediated via the phosphorylation of alphaherpesvirus proteins are described. In addition, this paper provides new ideas for further research into the role played by the post-translational modification of viral proteins in the virus life cycle, which will be helpful for understanding the mechanisms of viral infection of a host and may lead to new directions of antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuming Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
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3
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Li J, Guo Y, Deng Y, Hu L, Li B, Deng S, Zhong J, Xie L, Shi S, Hong X, Zheng X, Cai M, Li M. Subcellular Localization of Epstein-Barr Virus BLLF2 and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:672192. [PMID: 34367081 PMCID: PMC8339435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.672192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the pathogen of several human malignancies, encodes many proteins required to be transported into the nucleus for viral DNA reproduction and nucleocapsids assembly in the lytic replication cycle. Here, fluorescence microscope, mutation analysis, interspecies heterokaryon assays, co-immunoprecipitation assay, RNA interference, and Western blot were performed to explore the nuclear import mechanism of EBV encoded BLLF2 protein. BLLF2 was shown to be a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein neither by a chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1)- nor by a transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-dependent pathway. Yet, BLLF2's two functional nuclear localization signals (NLSs), NLS1 (16KRQALETVPHPQNRGR31) and NLS2 (44RRPRPPVAKRRRFPR58), were identified, whereas the predicted NES was nonfunctional. Finally, BLLF2 was proven to transport into the nucleus via a Ran-dependent and importin β1-dependent pathway. This mechanism may contribute to a more extensive insight into the assembly and synthesis of EBV virions in the nucleus, thus affording a new direction for the treatment of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxi Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenyu Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xie
- Centralab, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxuan Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Hong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meili Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Li M, Xu Z, Zou X, Wang Y, Li Y, Ou X, Deng Y, Guo Y, Gan W, Chen D, Peng T, Xiao J, Cai M. Intracellular distribution of pseudorabies virus UL2 and detection of its nuclear import mechanism. Biol Chem 2021; 401:309-317. [PMID: 31665103 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) UL2 (pUL2) is a multifunctional protein, which is homologous with herpes simplex virus 1 early protein UL2 (hUL2) and crucial for the viral propagation. Yet, how pUL2 executes its roles in the viral life cycle remain inadequately understood. In order to uncover its effect on the procedure of PRV infection, investigation was performed to examine the subcellular distribution of pUL2 and establish its trafficking mechanism. In the present study, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein or Myc tag fused pUL2 was transiently overexpressed in transfected cells and exhibited an absolutely nuclear accumulation without the existence of other PRV proteins. Additionally, the nuclear trafficking of pUL2 was proved to rely on Ran-, transportin-1, importin β1, importin α1, α3 and α5. Accordingly, these data will benefit the knowledge of pUL2-mediated biological effects in PRV infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangxi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Daixiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
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5
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Wang P, Deng Y, Guo Y, Xu Z, Li Y, Ou X, Xie L, Lu M, Zhong J, Li B, Hu L, Deng S, Peng T, Cai M, Li M. Epstein-Barr Virus Early Protein BFRF1 Suppresses IFN-β Activity by Inhibiting the Activation of IRF3. Front Immunol 2020; 11:513383. [PMID: 33391252 PMCID: PMC7774019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.513383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis that is closely associated with several human malignant diseases, while type I interferon (IFN-I) plays an important role against EBV infection. As we all know, EBV can encode some proteins to inhibit the production of IFN-I, but it’s not clear whether other proteins also take part in this progress. EBV early lytic protein BFRF1 is shown to be involved in viral maturation, however, whether BFRF1 participates in the host innate immune response is still not well known. In this study, we found BFRF1 could down-regulate sendai virus-induced IFN-β promoter activity and mRNA expression of IFN-β and ISG54 during BFRF1 plasmid transfection and EBV lytic infection, but BFRF1 could not affect the promoter activity of NF-κB or IRF7. Specifically, BFRF1 could co-localize and interact with IKKi. Although BFRF1 did not interfere the interaction between IKKi and IRF3, it could block the kinase activity of IKKi, which finally inhibited the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. Taken together, BFRF1 may play a critical role in disrupting the host innate immunity by suppressing IFN-β activity during EBV lytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxi Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xie
- Centralab, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manjiao Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenyu Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meili Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Cai M, Liao Z, Zou X, Xu Z, Wang Y, Li T, Li Y, Ou X, Deng Y, Guo Y, Peng T, Li M. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL2 Inhibits the TNF-α-Mediated NF-κB Activity by Interacting With p65/p50. Front Immunol 2020; 11:549. [PMID: 32477319 PMCID: PMC7237644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a large double-stranded DNA virus that encodes at least 80 viral proteins, many of which are involved in the virus-host interaction and are beneficial to the viral survival and reproduction. However, the biological functions of some HSV-1-encoded proteins are not fully understood. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation is the major antiviral innate response, which can be triggered by various signals induced by cellular receptors from different pathways. Here, we demonstrated that HSV-1 UL2 protein could antagonize the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-mediated NF-κB activation. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that UL2 could interact with the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50, which also revealed the region of amino acids 9 to 17 of UL2 could suppress the NF-κB activation and interact with p65 and p50, and UL2 bound to the immunoglobulin-like plexin transcription factor functional domain of p65. However, UL2 did not affect the formation of p65/p50 dimerization and their nuclear localizations. Yet, UL2 was demonstrated to inhibit the NF-κB activity by attenuating TNF-α-induced p65 phosphorylation at Ser536 and therefore decreasing the expression of downstream inflammatory chemokine interleukin 8. Taken together, the attenuation of NF-κB activation by UL2 may contribute to the escape of host's antiviral innate immunity for HSV-1 during its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongmin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Scientific Research and Education, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meili Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Molecular anatomy of the subcellular localization and nuclear import mechanism of herpes simplex virus 1 UL6. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5751-5763. [PMID: 32235005 PMCID: PMC7185102 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an indispensable structure protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL6 has been described to exert numerous roles in viral proliferation. However, its exact subcellular localization and subcellular transport mechanism is not well known. In the present study, by utilizing confocal fluorescent microscopy, UL6 was shown to mainly locate in the nucleus in enhanced yellow fluorescent protein or Flag tag fused expression plasmid-transfected cells or HSV-1-infected cells, whereas its predicted nuclear localization signal was nonfunctional. In addition, by exploiting dominant negative mutant and inhibitor of different nuclear import receptors, as well as co-immunoprecipitation and RNA interference assays, UL6 was established to interact with importin α1, importin α7 and transportin-1 to mediate its nuclear translocation under the help of Ran-mediated GTP hydrolysis. Accordingly, these results will advance the knowledge of UL6-mediated biological significances in HSV-1 infection cycle.
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8
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Li M, Zou X, Wang Y, Xu Z, Ou X, Li Y, Liu D, Guo Y, Deng Y, Jiang S, Li T, Shi S, Bao Y, Peng T, Cai M. The nuclear localization signal-mediated nuclear targeting of herpes simplex virus 1 early protein UL2 is important for efficient viral production. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2921-2938. [PMID: 32035424 PMCID: PMC7041738 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a representative alphaherpesvirus that can provoke a series of severe diseases to human being, but its exact pathogenesis is not perfectly understood. UL2, a uracil-DNA glycosylase involved in the process of HSV-1 DNA replication, has been shown to be predominantly targeted to the nuclei in our previous study, yet little is established regarding the subcellular localization signal or its related function of UL2 during HSV-1 propagation. Here, by creating a number of UL2 variants merged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, an authentic nuclear localization signal (NLS) of UL2 was, for the first time, identified and profiled to amino acids (aa) 1 to 17 (MKRACSRSPSPRRRPSS), and 12RRR14 was indispensable for its nuclear accumulation. Besides, the predicted nuclear export signal (aa 225 to 240) of UL2 was determined to be nonfunctional. Based on the HSV-1 bacterial artificial chromosome and homologous recombination technique, three recombinant viruses with mutations of the identified NLS, deletion and revertant of UL2 were constructed to assess the effect of UL2 nuclear targeting on HSV-1 replication. Compared to the wild type HSV-1, UL2 deletion remarkably restrained viral production, and mutation of NLS targeting UL2 to cytoplasm (pan-cellular distribution) in recombinant virus-infected cells showed a certain degree of deficiency in HSV-1 proliferation. Moreover, recombinant virus with UL2 deletion exhibited serious damages of viral DNA synthesis and mRNA expression, and these processes were partially disrupted in the recombinant virus with UL2 NLS mutation. Collectively, we had established a functional NLS in UL2 and showed that the NLS-mediated nuclear translocation of UL2 was important for efficient production of HSV-1. These data were of significance for further clarifying the biological function of UL2 during HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangxi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Si Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoxuan Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilong Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
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9
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Li M, Liao Z, Xu Z, Zou X, Wang Y, Peng H, Li Y, Ou X, Deng Y, Guo Y, Gan W, Peng T, Chen D, Cai M. The Interaction Mechanism Between Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein D and Host Antiviral Protein Viperin. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2810. [PMID: 31921110 PMCID: PMC6917645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viperin is an interferon-inducible protein that responsible for a variety of antiviral responses to different viruses. Our previous study has shown that the ribonuclease UL41 of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can degrade the mRNA of viperin to promote HSV-1 replication. However, it is not clear whether other HSV-1 encoded proteins can regulate the function of viperin. Here, one novel viperin associated protein, glycoprotein D (gD), was identified. To verify the interaction between gD and viperin, gD and viperin expression plasmids were firstly co-transfected into COS-7 cells, and fluorescence microscope showed they co-localized at the perinuclear region, then this potential interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Moreover, confocal microscopy demonstrated that gD and viperin co-localized at the Golgi body and lipid droplets. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter and Co-IP assays showed gD and viperin interaction leaded to the increase of IRF7-mediated IFN-β expression through promoting viperin and IRAK1 interaction and facilitating K63-linked IRAK1 polyubiquitination. Nevertheless, gD inhibited TRAF6-induced NF-κB activity by decreasing the interaction of viperin and TRAF6. In addition, gD restrained viperin-mediated interaction between IRAK1 and TRAF6. Eventually, gD and viperin interaction was corroborated to significantly inhibit the proliferation of HSV-1. Taken together, this study would open up new avenues toward delineating the function and physiological significance of gD and viperin during HSV-1 replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongmin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Scientific Research and Education, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daixiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Zou X, Xu Z, Wang Y, Ou X, Li Y, Liu D, Gan W, Lu M, Chen Q, Peng H, Hong G, Lin J, Li M, Cai M. Expression, Purification, and Antiserum Production of the Truncated UL31 Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus 1. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 17:e1609. [PMID: 31457039 PMCID: PMC6697855 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The UL31 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) plays an important role in the HSV-1 replication, however, its pinpoint functions in the life cycle of the virus have yet to be adequately elucidated. Objectives An antiserum specific for detecting HSV-1 UL31 was prepared as the foundation for future research on the role of UL31 in the course of HSV-1 infection. Materials and Methods Recombinant protein of UL31 was expressed in Escherichia coli, which was then purified and employed to raise the level of antiserum in mice. Subsequently, western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were utilized to detect the specific antiserum. Results The recombinant UL31 protein consisting of N-terminal 27 aa of UL31 was fused to EYFP and His-tag. It was expressed, purified, and applied to the preparation of the antiserum. Western blot analysis and IFA demonstrated that this antiserum could detect both the recombinant UL31 and the native UL31. Conclusions Our results manifest that this antiserum could be conducive to further investigations concerning the roles of UL31 in the HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Zou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Delong Liu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Manjiao Lu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiusan Chen
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Peng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengde Hong
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyu Lin
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Meili Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
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11
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Chen T, Wang Y, Xu Z, Zou X, Wang P, Ou X, Li Y, Peng T, Chen D, Li M, Cai M. Epstein-Barr virus tegument protein BGLF2 inhibits NF-κB activity by preventing p65 Ser536 phosphorylation. FASEB J 2019; 33:10563-10576. [PMID: 31337264 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901196rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus, can regulate the antiviral response of NF-κB signaling, which is critical for cell survival, growth transformation, and virus latency. Here, we showed that tegument protein BGLF2 could inhibit TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity. BGLF2 was shown to interplay with the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50, and the Rel homology domain of p65 was the pivotal region to interact with BGLF2. Nonetheless, BGLF2 did not influence the development of p65-p50 dimerization. Yet, overexpression of BGLF2 inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 Ser536 (but not Ser276) and blocked the nuclear translocation of p65. In addition, knockdown of BGLF2 during EBV lytic replication elevated NF-κB activity and the phosphorylation of p65 Ser536. Taken together, these results suggest that the inhibition of NF-κB activation may serve as a strategy to escape the host's antiviral innate immunity to EBV during its lytic infection.-Chen, T., Wang, Y., Xu, Z., Zou, X., Wang, P., Ou, X., Li, Y., Peng, T., Chen, D., Li, M., Cai, M. Epstein-Barr virus tegument protein BGLF2 inhibits NF-κB activity by preventing p65 Ser536 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daixiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meili Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Chen T, Zou X, Xu Z, Wang Y, Wang P, Peng H, Liu D, Lin J, Luo R, Wang Y, Chen Q, Chen D, Cai M, Li M. Molecular Characterization of the Epstein-Barr Virus BGLF2 Gene, its Expression, and Subcellular Localization. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 16:e1610. [PMID: 30805386 PMCID: PMC6371634 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a universal herpes virus which can cause a life-long and largely asymptomatic infection in the human population. However, the exact pathogenesis of the EBV infection is not well known. OBJECTIVE A comprehensive bioinformatics prediction was carried out for investigating the molecular properties of the BGLF2 and to afford a foundation for future research of the role and instrument of BGLF2 in the course of EBV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 1011-base-pair sequence of BGLF2 gene from the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Akata strain genome was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and was further characterized by cloning, sequencing, and subcellular localization in the COS-7 cells. RESULTS The bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that EBV BGLF2 gene encodes a putative BGLF2 polypeptide which contains a conservative Herpes_UL16 domain. It was established that the polypeptide shows a close relationship with the Herpes UL16 tegument protein family and is extremely conserved among its homologues proteins encoded by UL16 genes. Multiple sequence alignments of the nucleic acid and amino acid sequence showed that the gene product of EBV BGLF2 contains a comparatively higher homology with the BGLF2-like proteins of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae than that of other subfamilies of the herpes virus. Moreover, the phylogenetic analyses suggested that EBV BGLF2 has a close genetic relationship with the member of Gammaherpesvirinae; in particular with the members of Cercopithecine herpesvirus 15 and Callitrichine herpesvirus 3. An antigen epitope analysis indicated that BGLF2 contains several potential B-cell epitopes. In addition, the secondary structure, as well as the three dimensional structure prediction suggests that BGLF2 consists of the both α-helix and β-strand. Besides, the subcellular localization prediction revealed that BGLF2 localizes in both nucleus and cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS Illustrating the relevance of the molecular properties and genetic evolution of EBV, BGLF2 will offer the perspectives for further study on the role and mechanism of the BGLF2 in course of EBV infection. These works will also conduct our understanding of the EBV at the molecular level as well as enriching the herpesvirus database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Peng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Delong Liu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyu Lin
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiyi Luo
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiusan Chen
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Daixiong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Meili Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
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Infection and Transport of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Neurons: Role of the Cytoskeleton. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020092. [PMID: 29473915 PMCID: PMC5850399 DOI: 10.3390/v10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neuroinvasive human pathogen that has the ability to infect and replicate within epithelial cells and neurons and establish a life-long latent infection in sensory neurons. HSV-1 depends on the host cellular cytoskeleton for entry, replication, and exit. Therefore, HSV-1 has adapted mechanisms to promote its survival by exploiting the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons to direct its active transport, infection, and spread between neurons and epithelial cells during primary and recurrent infections. This review will focus on the currently known mechanisms utilized by HSV-1 to harness the neuronal cytoskeleton, molecular motors, and the secretory and exocytic pathways for efficient virus entry, axonal transport, replication, assembly, and exit from the distinct functional compartments (cell body and axon) of the highly polarized sensory neurons.
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14
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Characterization of the subcellular localization of Epstein-Barr virus encoded proteins in live cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70006-70034. [PMID: 29050259 PMCID: PMC5642534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the pathogenic factor of numerous human tumors, yet certain of its encoded proteins have not been studied. As a first step for functional identification, we presented the construction of a library of expression constructs for most of the EBV encoded proteins and an explicit subcellular localization map of 81 proteins encoded by EBV in mammalian cells. Viral open reading frames were fused with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) tag in eukaryotic expression plasmid then expressed in COS-7 live cells, and protein localizations were observed by fluorescence microscopy. As results, 34.57% (28 proteins) of all proteins showed pan-nuclear or subnuclear localization, 39.51% (32 proteins) exhibitted pan-cytoplasmic or subcytoplasmic localization, and 25.93% (21 proteins) were found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Interestingly, most envelope proteins presented pan-cytoplasmic or membranous localization, and most capsid proteins displayed enriched or complete localization in the nucleus, indicating that the subcellular localization of specific proteins are associated with their roles during viral replication. Taken together, the subcellular localization map of EBV proteins in live cells may lay the foundation for further illustrating the functions of EBV-encoded genes in human diseases especially in its relevant tumors.
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15
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Characterization of the nuclear import signal of herpes simplex virus 1 UL31. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2379-85. [PMID: 27276975 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL31 protein is a multifunctional nucleoprotein that is important for viral infection; however, little is known concerning its subcellular localization signal. Here, by transfection with a series of HSV-1 UL31 deletion mutants fused to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) was identified and mapped to amino acids (aa) 1 to 27 (MYDTDPHRRGSRPGPYHGKERRRSRSS). Additionally, fluorescence results showed that the predicted nuclear export signal (NES) might be nonfunctional, and the functional NES of UL31 might require a specific conformation. Taken together, these results would provide significant information for the study of the biological function of UL31 during HSV-1 infection.
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