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Li Y, Xia X, Niu Z, Wang K, Liu J, Li X. hCeO 2@ Cu 5.4O nanoparticle alleviates inflammatory responses by regulating the CTSB-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344098. [PMID: 38711511 PMCID: PMC11070469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses, especially chronic inflammation, are closely associated with many systemic diseases. There are many ways to treat and alleviate inflammation, but how to solve this problem at the molecular level has always been a hot topic in research. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) as anti-inflammatory agents is a potential treatment method. We synthesized new hollow cerium oxide nanomaterials (hCeO2 NPs) doped with different concentrations of Cu5.4O NPs [the molar ratio of Cu/(Ce + Cu) was 50%, 67%, and 83%, respectively], characterized their surface morphology and physicochemical properties, and screened the safe concentration of hCeO2@Cu5.4O using the CCK8 method. Macrophages were cultured, and P.g-lipopolysaccharide-stimulated was used as a model of inflammation and co-cultured with hCeO2@Cu5.4O NPs. We then observe the effect of the transcription levels of CTSB, NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-18, and IL-1β by PCR and detect its effect on the expression level of CTSB protein by Western blot. The levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in the cell supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results indicated that hCeO2@Cu5.4O NPs could reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibit CTSB and NLRP3 to alleviate the damage caused by the inflammatory response to cells. More importantly, hCeO2@Cu5.4O NPs showed stronger anti-inflammatory effects as Cu5.4O NP doping increased. Therefore, the development of the novel nanomaterial hCeO2@Cu5.4O NPs provides a possible new approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaojun Niu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Wu Q, Yuan C, Wang J, Li G, Zhu C, Li L, Wang Z, Lv Q, Mei W. Uridine-Modified Ruthenium(II) Complex as Lysosomal LIMP-2 Targeting Photodynamic Therapy Photosensitizer for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. JACS AU 2024; 4:1081-1096. [PMID: 38559730 PMCID: PMC10976599 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Lysosome-targeted photodynamic therapy, which enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive tumor cell death, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, a uridine (dU)-modified Ru(II) complex (RdU) was synthesized by click chemistry. It was found that RdU exhibits impressive photo-induced inhibition against the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in normoxic and hypoxic microenvironments through ROS production. It was further revealed that RdU induces ferroptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells under light irradiation (650 nm, 300 mW/cm2). Additional experiments showed that RdU binds to lysosomal integral membrane protein 2 (LIMP-2), which was confirmed by the fact that RdU selectively localizes in the lysosomes of MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly augments the levels of LIMP-2. Molecular docking simulations and an isothermal titration calorimetry assay also showed that RdU has a high affinity to LIMP-2. Finally, in vivo studies in tumor-bearing (MDA-MB-231 cells) nude mice showed that RdU exerts promising photodynamic therapeutic effects on TNBC tumors. In summary, the uridine-modified Ru(II) complex has been developed as a potential LIMP-2 targeting agent for TNBC treatment through enhancing ROS production and promoting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute
of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong
Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 530316, China
| | - Chanling Yuan
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guohu Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunguang Zhu
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongtao Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingshuang Lv
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Molecular
Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Sales CF, Pinheiro APB, Ribeiro YM, Moreira DP, Luz RK, Melo RMC, Rizzo E. Starvation-induced autophagy modulates spermatogenesis and sperm quality in Nile tilapia. Theriogenology 2024; 216:42-52. [PMID: 38154205 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a finely regulated process that involves the interaction of several cellular mechanisms to ensure the proper development and maturation of germ cells. This study assessed autophagy contribution and its relation to apoptosis in fish spermatogenesis during starvation. To that end, Nile tilapia males were subjected to 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of starvation to induce autophagy. Testes samples were obtained for analyses of spermatogenesis by histology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Sperm quality was assessed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Data indicated a significant reduction in gonadosomatic index, seminiferous tubule area, and spermatozoa proportion in fish subject to starvation compared to the control group. Immunoblotting revealed a reduction of Bcl2 and Beclin 1 associated with increased Bax and Caspase-3, mainly after 21 and 28 days of starvation. LC3 and P62 indicated reduced autophagic flux in these starvation times. Immunolabeling for autophagic and apoptotic proteins occurred in all development stages of the germ cells, but protein expression varied throughout starvation. Beclin 1 and Cathepsin D decreased while Bax and Caspase-3 increased in spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa after 21 and 28 days. Autophagic and lysosomal proteins colocalization indicated the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and lysosomal degradation in spermatogenic cells. The CASA system indicated reduced sperm motility and velocity in animals subjected to 21 and 28 days of starvation. Altogether, the data support autophagy acting at different spermatogenesis stages in Nile tilapia, with decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis after 21 and 28 days of starvation, which results in a decrease in the spermatozoa number and sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Sales
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Barbosa Pinheiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronald Kennedy Luz
- Laboratório de Aquacultura, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Tkachenko A, Havranek O. Erythronecroptosis: an overview of necroptosis or programmed necrosis in red blood cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04948-8. [PMID: 38427167 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis is considered a programmed necrosis that requires receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), and pore-forming mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) to trigger a regulated cell membrane lysis. Membrane rupture in necroptosis has been shown to fuel innate immune response due to release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recently published studies indicate that mature erythrocytes can undergo necroptosis as well. In this review, we provide an outline of multiple cell death modes occurring in erythrocytes, discuss possible immunological aspects of diverse erythrocyte cell deaths, summarize available evidence related to the ability of erythrocytes to undergo necroptosis, outline key involved molecular mechanisms, and discuss the potential implication of erythrocyte necroptosis in the physiology and pathophysiology. Furthermore, we aim to highlight the interplay between necroptosis and eryptosis signaling in erythrocytes, emphasizing specific characteristics of these pathways distinct from their counterparts in nucleated cells. Thus, our review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge of necroptosis in erythrocytes. To reflect critical differences between necroptosis of nucleated cells and necroptosis of erythrocytes, we suggest a term erythronecroptosis for necroptosis of enucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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More TH, Hiller K, Seifert M, Illig T, Schmidt R, Gronauer R, von Hahn T, Weilert H, Stang A. Metabolomics analysis reveals novel serum metabolite alterations in cancer cachexia. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1286896. [PMID: 38450189 PMCID: PMC10915872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1286896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cachexia is a body wasting syndrome that significantly affects well-being and prognosis of cancer patients, without effective treatment. Serum metabolites take part in pathophysiological processes of cancer cachexia, but apart from altered levels of select serum metabolites, little is known on the global changes of the overall serum metabolome, which represents a functional readout of the whole-body metabolic state. Here, we aimed to comprehensively characterize serum metabolite alterations and analyze associated pathways in cachectic cancer patients to gain new insights that could help instruct strategies for novel interventions of greater clinical benefit. Methods Serum was sampled from 120 metastatic cancer patients (stage UICC IV). Patients were grouped as cachectic or non-cachectic according to the criteria for cancer cachexia agreed upon international consensus (main criterium: weight loss adjusted to body mass index). Samples were pooled by cachexia phenotype and assayed using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Normalized metabolite levels were compared using t-test (p < 0.05, adjusted for false discovery rate) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Machine-learning models were applied to identify metabolite signatures for separating cachexia states. Significant metabolites underwent MetaboAnalyst 5.0 pathway analysis. Results Comparative analyses included 78 cachectic and 42 non-cachectic patients. Cachectic patients exhibited 19 annotable, significantly elevated (including glucose and fructose) or decreased (mostly amino acids) metabolites associating with aminoacyl-tRNA, glutathione and amino acid metabolism pathways. PLS-DA showed distinct clusters (accuracy: 85.6%), and machine-learning models identified metabolic signatures for separating cachectic states (accuracy: 83.2%; area under ROC: 88.0%). We newly identified altered blood levels of erythronic acid and glucuronic acid in human cancer cachexia, potentially linked to pentose-phosphate and detoxification pathways. Conclusion We found both known and yet unknown serum metabolite and metabolic pathway alterations in cachectic cancer patients that collectively support a whole-body metabolic state with impaired detoxification capability, altered glucose and fructose metabolism, and substrate supply for increased and/or distinct metabolic needs of cachexia-associated tumors. These findings together imply vulnerabilities, dependencies and targets for novel interventions that have potential to make a significant impact on future research in an important field of cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar H. More
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Seifert
- Asklepios Precision Medicine, Asklepios Hospitals GmbH & Co KgaA, Königstein (Taunus), Germany
- Connexome GmbH, Fischen, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank (HUB), Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudi Schmidt
- Asklepios Precision Medicine, Asklepios Hospitals GmbH & Co KgaA, Königstein (Taunus), Germany
- Immunetrue, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raphael Gronauer
- Asklepios Precision Medicine, Asklepios Hospitals GmbH & Co KgaA, Königstein (Taunus), Germany
- Connexome GmbH, Fischen, Germany
| | - Thomas von Hahn
- Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Hamburg, Germany
- Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Semmelweis University, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hauke Weilert
- Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Semmelweis University, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Budapest, Hungary
- Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Stang
- Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Semmelweis University, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Budapest, Hungary
- Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Liang X, Wang Z, Dai Z, Liu J, Zhang H, Wen J, Zhang N, Zhang J, Luo P, Liu Z, Liu Z, Cheng Q. Oxidative stress is involved in immunosuppression and macrophage regulation in glioblastoma. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109802. [PMID: 37866784 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress dually affected cancer progression, while its effect on glioblastomas remained unclear. Herein, we clustered the multicenter glioblastoma cohorts based on the oxidative-stress-responsive genes (OSS) expression. We found that cluster 2 with high OSS levels suffered a worse prognosis. Functional analyses and immune-related analyses results exhibited that M2-like pro-tumoral macrophages and neutrophils were enriched in cluster 2, while Natural killer cells' infiltration was decreased. The increased M2-like pro-tumoral macrophages in cluster 2 was confirmed by immunofluorescence. An integrated single-cell analysis validated the malignant features of cluster 2 neoplastic cells and discovered their crosstalk with M2-like pro-tumoral macrophages. Moreover, we observed that SOD3 knockdown might decrease the M2-like pro-tumoral transformation of macrophage in vitro and in vivo. Comprehensively, we revealed oxidative stress' prognostic and immunosuppressive potential in glioblastoma and discovered SOD3's potential role in regulating macrophage M2-like pro-tumoral transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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Salimi A, Jamali Z. Teratogenic Effects of Drugs on Primary Lymphocytes Assessed by Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:231-249. [PMID: 38285342 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes as primary cells can be isolated from human, animal, fetus, and placenta. These cells are an excellent cellular model for the assessment of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction induced by drug and chemicals. Moreover, peripheral blood lymphocytes are an easily available source of primary cells appropriate for basic research and in cellular studies regarding teratogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effect of drugs and chemicals. Most drugs and other chemicals that produce birth defects, known as teratogenic agents, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. It seems that there is an important mechanistic link between oxidative stress, mitochondrial damages, lysosomal integrity, and teratogenic drug-induced birth defects. One of the most sensitive periods in the embryo is transition from an important developmental event to another such as transition from proliferation to differentiation. Mitochondria, lysosomes, and cellular ROS have an important role in proliferative, differentiative, and apoptotic activities during the development. Therefore, disruption of the function of mitochondria, lysosomes, oxidative stress, and redox imbalance leads to cellular dysfunctions and subsequently poor developmental outcomes in the fetus. In this chapter, we will focus on evaluation of mitochondrial/lysosomal functions and estimation of ROS formation using flow cytometry methods in isolated lymphocytes and their isolated mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Shtuhin-Rahav R, Olender A, Zlotkin-Rivkin E, Bouman EA, Danieli T, Nir-Keren Y, Weiss AM, Nandi I, Aroeti B. Enteropathogenic E. coli infection co-elicits lysosomal exocytosis and lytic host cell death. mBio 2023; 14:e0197923. [PMID: 38038448 PMCID: PMC10746156 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01979-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection is a significant cause of gastroenteritis, mainly in children. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of EPEC infection is an important research theme. EPEC modulates its host cell life by injecting via a type III secretion machinery cell death modulating effector proteins. For instance, while EspF and Map promote mitochondrial cell death, EspZ antagonizes cell death. We show that these effectors also control lysosomal exocytosis, i.e., the trafficking of lysosomes to the host cell plasma membrane. Interestingly, the capacity of these effectors to induce or protect against cell death correlates completely with their ability to induce LE, suggesting that the two processes are interconnected. Modulating host cell death is critical for establishing bacterial attachment to the host and subsequent dissemination. Therefore, exploring the modes of LE involvement in host cell death is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying EPEC infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Shtuhin-Rahav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aaron Olender
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Zlotkin-Rivkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Etan Amse Bouman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tsafi Danieli
- The Protein Production Facility, Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Nir-Keren
- The Protein Production Facility, Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aryeh M. Weiss
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ipsita Nandi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Aroeti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus–Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Corkery D, Ursu A, Lucas B, Grigalunas M, Kriegler S, Oliva R, Dec R, Koska S, Pahl A, Sievers S, Ziegler S, Winter R, Wu YW, Waldmann H. Inducin Triggers LC3-Lipidation and ESCRT-Mediated Lysosomal Membrane Repair. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300579. [PMID: 37869939 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipidation of the LC3 protein has frequently been employed as a marker of autophagy. However, LC3-lipidation is also triggered by stimuli not related to canonical autophagy. Therefore, characterization of the driving parameters for LC3 lipidation is crucial to understanding the biological roles of LC3. We identified a pseudo-natural product, termed Inducin, that increases LC3 lipidation independently of canonical autophagy, impairs lysosomal function and rapidly recruits Galectin 3 to lysosomes. Inducin treatment promotes Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-dependent membrane repair and transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosome biogenesis ultimately leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Andrei Ursu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Belén Lucas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Kriegler
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Robert Dec
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandra Koska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
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10
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Yoon M, Phan V, Podvin S, Mosier C, O’Donoghue AJ, Hook V. Distinct Cleavage Properties of Cathepsin B Compared to Cysteine Cathepsins Enable the Design and Validation of a Specific Substrate for Cathepsin B over a Broad pH Range. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2289-2300. [PMID: 37459182 PMCID: PMC10399199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The biological and pathological functions of cathepsin B occur in acidic lysosomes and at the neutral pH of cytosol, nuclei, and extracellular locations. Importantly, cathepsin B displays different substrate cleavage properties at acidic pH compared to neutral pH conditions. It is, therefore, desirable to develop specific substrates for cathepsin B that measure its activity over broad pH ranges. Current substrates used to monitor cathepsin B activity consist of Z-Phe-Arg-AMC and Z-Arg-Arg-AMC, but they lack specificity since they are cleaved by other cysteine cathepsins. Furthermore, Z-Arg-Arg-AMC monitors cathepsin B activity at neutral pH and displays minimal activity at acidic pH. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and validate specific fluorogenic peptide substrates that can monitor cathepsin B activity over a broad pH range from acidic to neutral pH conditions. In-depth cleavage properties of cathepsin B were compared to those of the cysteine cathepsins K, L, S, V, and X via multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry at pH 4.6 and pH 7.2. Analysis of the cleavage preferences predicted the tripeptide Z-Nle-Lys-Arg-AMC as a preferred substrate for cathepsin B. Significantly, Z-Nle-Lys-Arg-AMC displayed the advantageous properties of measuring high cathepsin B specific activity over acidic to neutral pHs and was specifically cleaved by cathepsin B over the other cysteine cathepsins. Z-Nle-Lys-Arg-AMC specifically monitored cathepsin B activity in neuronal and glial cells which were consistent with relative abundances of cathepsin B protein. These findings validate Z-Nle-Lys-Arg-AMC as a novel substrate that specifically monitors cathepsin B activity over a broad pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
C. Yoon
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Von Phan
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
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11
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Qiu C, Xia F, Zhang J, Shi Q, Meng Y, Wang C, Pang H, Gu L, Xu C, Guo Q, Wang J. Advanced Strategies for Overcoming Endosomal/Lysosomal Barrier in Nanodrug Delivery. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0148. [PMID: 37250954 PMCID: PMC10208951 DOI: 10.34133/research.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers have therapeutic potential to facilitate drug delivery, including biological agents, small-molecule drugs, and nucleic acids. However, their efficiency is limited by several factors; among which, endosomal/lysosomal degradation after endocytosis is the most important. This review summarizes advanced strategies for overcoming endosomal/lysosomal barriers to efficient nanodrug delivery based on the perspective of cellular uptake and intracellular transport mechanisms. These strategies include promoting endosomal/lysosomal escape, using non-endocytic methods of delivery to directly cross the cell membrane to evade endosomes/lysosomes and making a detour pathway to evade endosomes/lysosomes. On the basis of the findings of this review, we proposed several promising strategies for overcoming endosomal/lysosomal barriers through the smarter and more efficient design of nanodrug delivery systems for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qiu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiaoli Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuqing Meng
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liwei Gu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Nephrology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
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12
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Milani M, Pihán P, Hetz C. Calcium signaling in lysosome-dependent cell death. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102751. [PMID: 37178674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a crucial messenger of intracellular and extracellular signals, regulating a great variety of cellular processes such as cell death, proliferation, and metabolism. Inside the cell, calcium signaling is one of the main interorganelle communication mediators, with central functional roles at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, Golgi complex, and lysosomes. Lysosomal function is highly dependent on lumenal calcium and most of the lysosomal membrane-localised ion channels regulate several lysosomal functions and properties such as lumenal pH. One of these functions configures a specific type of cell death involving lysosomes, named lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD), which contributes to maintenance of tissue homeostasis, development and pathology when deregulated. Here, we cover the fundamental aspects of LDCD with a special focus on recent advances in calcium signaling in LDCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Milani
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, United States of America.
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13
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Khan U, Karmakar BC, Basak P, Paul S, Gope A, Sarkar D, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Bhattacharya S. Glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1 induces autolysosomal degradation function and inhibits Helicobacter pylori infection. Mol Med 2023; 29:51. [PMID: 37038107 PMCID: PMC10088177 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a key agent for causing gastric complications linked with gastric disorders. In response to infection, host cells stimulate autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, H. pylori have evolved the ability to usurp the host's autophagic machinery. High mobility group box1 (HMGB1), an alarmin molecule is a regulator of autophagy and its expression is augmented during infection and gastric cancer. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of glycyrrhizin (a known inhibitor of HMGB1) in autophagy during H. pylori infection. MAIN METHODS Human gastric cancer (AGS) cells were infected with the H. pylori SS1 strain and further treatment was done with glycyrrhizin. Western blot was used to examine the expression of autophagy proteins. Autophagy and lysosomal activity were monitored by fluorescence assays. A knockdown of HMGB1 was performed to verify the effect of glycyrrhizin. H. pylori infection in in vivo mice model was established and the effect of glycyrrhizin treatment was studied. RESULTS The autophagy-lysosomal pathway was impaired due to an increase in lysosomal membrane permeabilization during H. pylori infection in AGS cells. Subsequently, glycyrrhizin treatment restored the lysosomal membrane integrity. The recovered lysosomal function enhanced autolysosome formation and concomitantly attenuated the intracellular H. pylori growth by eliminating the pathogenic niche. Additionally, glycyrrhizin treatment inhibited inflammation and improved gastric tissue damage in mice. CONCLUSION This study showed that inhibiting HMGB1 restored lysosomal activity to ameliorate H. pylori infection. It also demonstrated the potential of glycyrrhizin as an antibacterial agent to address the problem of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Khan
- Division of Biochemistry ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Bipul Chandra Karmakar
- Division of Bacteriology ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Priyanka Basak
- Division of Biochemistry ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Sangita Paul
- Division of Bacteriology ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Animesh Gope
- Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-NICED, ICMR- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Deotima Sarkar
- Division of Biochemistry ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Sushmita Bhattacharya
- Division of Biochemistry ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India.
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14
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Ussia M, Urso M, Kratochvilova M, Navratil J, Balvan J, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Vyskocil J, Masarik M, Pumera M. Magnetically Driven Self-Degrading Zinc-Containing Cystine Microrobots for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208259. [PMID: 36703532 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed tumor disease in men, and its treatment is still a big challenge in standard oncology therapy. Magnetically actuated microrobots represent the most promising technology in modern nanomedicine, offering the advantage of wireless guidance, effective cell penetration, and non-invasive actuation. Here, new biodegradable magnetically actuated zinc/cystine-based microrobots for in situ treatment of prostate cancer cells are reported. The microrobots are fabricated via metal-ion-mediated self-assembly of the amino acid cystine encapsulating superparamagnetic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) during the synthesis, which allows their precise manipulation by a rotating magnetic field. Inside the cells, the typical enzymatic reducing environment favors the disassembly of the aminoacidic chemical structure due to the cleavage of cystine disulfide bonds and disruption of non-covalent interactions with the metal ions, as demonstrated by in vitro experiments with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). In this way, the cystine microrobots served for site-specific delivery of Zn2+ ions responsible for tumor cell killing via a "Trojan horse effect". This work presents a new concept of cell internalization exploiting robotic systems' self-degradation, proposing a step forward in non-invasive cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ussia
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Urso
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kratochvilova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Navratil
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vyskocil
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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15
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Peng J, Gao C, Chen X, Wang T, Luo C, Zhang M, Chen X, Tao L. Ruxolitinib, a promising therapeutic candidate for traumatic brain injury through maintaining the homeostasis of cathepsin B. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114347. [PMID: 36813222 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of death and disability in the world. Owing to the heterogeneity and complexity of TBI pathogenesis, there is still no specific drug. Our previous studies have proved the neuroprotective effect of Ruxolitinib (Ruxo) on TBI, but further are needed to explore the potent mechanisms and potential translational application. Compelling evidence indicates that Cathepsin B (CTSB) plays an important role in TBI. However, the relationships between Ruxo and CTSB upon TBI remain non-elucidated. In this study, we established a mouse model of moderate TBI to clarify it. The neurological deficit in the behavioral test was alleviated when Ruxo administrated at 6 h post-TBI. Additionally, Ruxo significantly reduced the lesion volume. As for the pathological process of acute phase, Ruxo remarkably reduced the expression of proteins associated with cell demise, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Then the expression and location of CTSB were detected respectively. We found that the expression of CTSB exhibits a transient decrease and then persistent increase following TBI. The distribution of CTSB, mainly located at NeuN-positive neurons was unchanged. Importantly, the dysregulation of CTSB expression was reversed with the treatment of Ruxo. The timepoint was chosen when CTSB decreased, to further analyze its change in the extracted organelles; and Ruxo maintained the homeostasis of it in sub-cellular. In summary, our results demonstrate that Ruxo plays neuroprotection through maintaining the homeostasis of CTSB, and will be a promising therapeutic candidate for TBI in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Peng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215213, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215213, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueshi Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215213, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215213, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215213, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215213, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215213, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215213, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Leemans M, Spirhanzlova P, Couderq S, Le Mével S, Grimaldi A, Duvernois-Berthet E, Demeneix B, Fini JB. A Mixture of Chemicals Found in Human Amniotic Fluid Disrupts Brain Gene Expression and Behavior in Xenopus laevis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032588. [PMID: 36768911 PMCID: PMC9916464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for normal brain development, influencing neural cell differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis. Multiple endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in the environment, raising concern for their potential effects on TH signaling and the consequences on neurodevelopment and behavior. While most research on EDCs investigates the effects of individual chemicals, human health may be adversely affected by a mixture of chemicals. The potential consequences of EDC exposure on human health are far-reaching and include problems with immune function, reproductive health, and neurological development. We hypothesized that embryonic exposure to a mixture of chemicals (containing phenols, phthalates, pesticides, heavy metals, and perfluorinated, polychlorinated, and polybrominated compounds) identified as commonly found in the human amniotic fluid could lead to altered brain development. We assessed its effect on TH signaling and neurodevelopment in an amphibian model (Xenopus laevis) highly sensitive to thyroid disruption. Fertilized eggs were exposed for eight days to either TH (thyroxine, T4 10 nM) or the amniotic mixture (at the actual concentration) until reaching stage NF47, where we analyzed gene expression in the brains of exposed tadpoles using both RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing. The results indicate that whilst some overlap on TH-dependent genes exists, T4 and the mixture have different gene signatures. Immunohistochemistry showed increased proliferation in the brains of T4-treated animals, whereas no difference was observed for the amniotic mixture. Further, we demonstrated diminished tadpoles' motility in response to T4 and mixture exposure. As the individual chemicals composing the mixture are considered safe, these results highlight the importance of examining the effects of mixtures to improve risk assessment.
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17
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Kitamura H, Sukegawa S, Matsuda K, Tanimoto K, Kobayakawa T, Takahashi K, Tamamura H, Tsuchiya K, Gatanaga H, Maeda K, Takeuchi H. 4-phenylquinoline-8-amine induces HIV-1 reactivation and apoptosis in latently HIV-1 infected cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:139-147. [PMID: 36527748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART) dramatically suppresses the viral load to undetectable levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, HIV-1 reservoirs in CD4+T cells and myeloid cells, which can evade cART and host antiviral immune systems, are still significant obstacles to HIV-1 eradication. The "Shock and Kill" approach using latently-reversing agents (LRAs) is therefore currently developing strategies for effective HIV-1 reactivation from latency and inducing cell death. Here, we performed small-molecular chemical library screening with monocytic HIV-1 latently-infected model cells, THP-1 Nluc #225, and identified 4-phenylquinoline-8-amine (PQA) as a novel LRA candidate. PQA induced efficient HIV-1 reactivation in combination with PKC agonists including Prostratin and showed a similar tendency for HIV-1 activation in primary HIV-1 reservoirs. Furthermore, PQA induced killing of HIV-1 latently-infected cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed PQA had different functional mechanisms from PKC agonists, and oxidative stress-inducible genes including DDIT3 or CTSD were only involved in PQA-mediated cell death. In summary, PQA is a potential LRA lead compound that exerts novel functions related to HIV-1 activation and apoptosis-mediated cell death to eliminate HIV-1 reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sukegawa
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Foundation for AIDS Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tanimoto
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuho Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Tsuchiya
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Division of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Molkov YI, Zaretskaia MV, Zaretsky DV. Towards the Integrative Theory of Alzheimer's Disease: Linking Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity, Beta-amyloid Biomarkers, and the Diagnosis. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:440-452. [PMID: 37605411 PMCID: PMC10790337 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230821141745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major gap in amyloid-centric theories of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is that even though amyloid fibrils per se are not toxic in vitro, the diagnosis of AD clearly correlates with the density of beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits. Based on our proposed amyloid degradation toxicity hypothesis, we developed a mathematical model explaining this discrepancy. It suggests that cytotoxicity depends on the cellular uptake of soluble Aβ rather than on the presence of amyloid aggregates. The dynamics of soluble beta-amyloid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the density of Aβ deposits is described using a system of differential equations. In the model, cytotoxic damage is proportional to the cellular uptake of Aβ, while the probability of an AD diagnosis is defined by the Aβ cytotoxicity accumulated over the duration of the disease. After uptake, Aβ is concentrated intralysosomally, promoting the formation of fibrillation seeds inside cells. These seeds cannot be digested and are either accumulated intracellularly or exocytosed. Aβ starts aggregating on the extracellular seeds and, therefore, decreases in concentration in the interstitial fluid. The dependence of both Aβ toxicity and aggregation on the same process-cellular uptake of Aβ-explains the correlation between AD diagnosis and the density of amyloid aggregates in the brain. METHODS We tested the model using clinical data obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), which included records of beta-amyloid concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-Aβ42) and the density of beta-amyloid deposits measured using positron emission tomography (PET). The model predicts the probability of AD diagnosis as a function of CSF-Aβ42 and PET and fits the experimental data at the 95% confidence level. RESULTS Our study shows that existing clinical data allows for the inference of kinetic parameters describing beta-amyloid turnover and disease progression. Each combination of CSF-Aβ42 and PET values can be used to calculate the individual's cellular uptake rate, the effective disease duration, and the accumulated toxicity. We show that natural limitations on these parameters explain the characteristic distribution of the clinical dataset for these two biomarkers in the population. CONCLUSION The resulting mathematical model interprets the positive correlation between the density of Aβ deposits and the probability of an AD diagnosis without assuming any cytotoxicity of the aggregated beta-amyloid. To the best of our knowledge, this model is the first to mechanistically explain the negative correlation between the concentration of Aβ42 in the CSF and the probability of an AD diagnosis. Finally, based on the amyloid degradation toxicity hypothesis and the insights provided by mathematical modeling, we propose new pathophysiology-relevant biomarkers to diagnose and predict AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav I. Molkov
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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19
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Resolution Potential of Necrotic Cell Death Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010016. [PMID: 36613458 PMCID: PMC9819908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During tissue damage caused by infection or sterile inflammation, not only damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also resolution-associated molecular patterns (RAMPs) can be activated. These dying cell-associated factors stimulate immune cells localized in the tissue environment and induce the production of inflammatory mediators or specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). Within the current prospect of science, apoptotic cell death is considered the main initiator of resolution. However, more RAMPs are likely to be released during necrotic cell death than during apoptosis, similar to what has been observed for DAMPs. The inflammatory potential of many regulated forms of necrotic cell death modalities, such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, netosis, and parthanatos, have been widely studied in necroinflammation, but their possible role in resolution is less considered. In this review, we aim to summarize the relationship between necrotic cell death and resolution, as well as present the current available data regarding the involvement of certain forms of regulated necrotic cell death in necroresolution.
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20
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Garcia EA, Bhatti I, Henson ES, Gibson SB. Prostate Cancer Cells Are Sensitive to Lysosomotropic Agent Siramesine through Generation Reactive Oxygen Species and in Combination with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225478. [PMID: 36428570 PMCID: PMC9688505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting men often resulting in aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Even with new treatment strategies, drug resistance often occurs in advanced prostate cancers. The use of lysosomotropic agents offers a new treatment possibility since they disrupt lysosomal membranes and can trigger a series of events leading to cell death. In addition, combining lysosomotropic agents with targeted inhibitors can induce increased cell death in different cancer types, but prostate cancer cells have not been investigated. METHODS We treated prostate cancer cells with lysosomotropic agents and determine their cytotoxicity, lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, we treated cells with lysosomotropic agent in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lapatinib, and determined cell death, and the role of ROS in this cell death. RESULTS Herein, we found that siramesine was the most effective lysosomotropic agent at inducing LMP, increasing ROS, and inducing cell death in three different prostate cancer cell lines. Siramesine was also effective at increasing cell death in combination with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lapatinib. This increase in cell death was mediated by lysosome membrane permeabilization, an increased in ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in mitochondrial ROS levels. The combination of siramesine and lapatinib induced apoptosis, cleavage of PARP and decreased expression of Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation occurred with siramesine treatment alone or in combination with lapatinib. Treating cells with the lipid peroxidation inhibitor alpha-tocopherol resulted in reduced siramesine induced cell death alone or in combination with lapatinib. The combination of siramesine and lapatinib failed to increase cell death responses in normal prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that lysomotropic agents such as siramesine in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors induces cell death mediated by ROS and could be an effective treatment strategy in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Ilsa Bhatti
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth S. Henson
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Spencer B. Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Spencer Gibson, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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21
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Panigrahi DP, Patra S, Behera BP, Behera PK, Patil S, Patro BS, Rout L, Sarangi I, Bhutia SK. MTP18 inhibition triggers mitochondrial hyperfusion to induce apoptosis through ROS-mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization-dependent pathway in oral cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:307-319. [PMID: 35985563 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion (SIMH) exerts a protective role in aiding cell survival, in the absence of mitochondrial fission, SIMH drives oxidative stress-related induction of apoptosis. In this study, our data showed that MTP18, a mitochondrial fission-promoting protein expression, was increased in oral cancer. We have screened and identified S28, a novel inhibitor of MTP18, which was found to induce SIMH and subsequently trigger apoptosis. Interestingly, it inhibited MTP18-mediated mitochondrial fission, as shown by a decrease in p-Drp1 along with increased Mfn1 expression in oral cancer cells. Moreover, S28 induced autophagy but not mitophagy due to the trouble in engulfment of hypoperfused mitochondria. Interestingly, S28-mediated SIMH resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the consequent generation of mitochondrial superoxide to induce intrinsic apoptosis. Mechanistically, S28-induced mitochondrial superoxide caused lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), resulting in decreased lysosomal pH, which impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In this setting, it showed that overexpression of MTP18 resulted in mitochondrial fission leading to mitophagy and inhibition of superoxide-mediated LMP and apoptosis. Further, S28, in combination with FDA-approved anticancer drugs, exhibited higher apoptotic activity and decreased cell viability, suggesting the MTP18 inhibition combined with the anticancer drug could have greater efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Pradyota Kumar Behera
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | | | - Laxmidhar Rout
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India.
| | - Itisam Sarangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh, 769008, Odisha, India.
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22
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Trybus W, Król T, Trybus E. Rhein induces changes in the lysosomal compartment of HeLa cells. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1506-1524. [PMID: 35901236 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhein is an anthraquinone found in Rheum palmatum, used in Chinese medicine. Due to potential anticancer properties, the study assessed its effect on the lysosomal compartment, which indirectly influences cell death. The experiment was performed on HeLa cells by treating them with rhein at concentrations of 100-300 µM. LC3-II protein and caspase 3/7 activity, level of apoptosis, the concentration of reactive oxide species (ROS), and mitochondrial potential (Δψm) were evaluated by the cytometric method. To evaluate the permeability of the lysosomal membrane (LMP), staining with acridine orange and the assessment of activity of cathepsin D and L in the lysosomal and extralysosomal fractions were used. Cell viability was assessed by -(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays. Changes in cells were also demonstrated at the level of electron, optical, confocal, and fluorescence microscopy. Inhibition of autophagy was done using chloroquine. Rhein-induced degradation processes were confirmed by an increase in the number of primary lysosomes, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes. At high concentrations, rhein caused the generation of ROS, which induced LMP expressed by quenching of acridine orange fluorescence. These results correlated with a reduction of lysosomes, as visualized in graphical modeling, with the decreased uptake of NR by lysosomes, and increased activity of cathepsin D and L in the extralysosomal fraction. The studies also showed an increase in the activity of caspase 3/7 and a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 protein, indicative of rhein-stimulated apoptosis. At the same time, we demonstrated that preincubation of cells with chloroquine inhibited rhein-induced autophagy and contributed to increased cytotoxicity to HeLa cells. Rhein also induced DNA damage and led to cycle arrest in the S phase. Our results indicate that rhein, by inducing changes in the lysosomal compartment, indirectly affects apoptosis of HeLa cells and in combination with autophagy inhibitors may be an effective form of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trybus
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Teodora Król
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewa Trybus
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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23
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SERTAD1 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin and Promotes Lysosomal Protein Biosynthesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051148. [PMID: 35625886 PMCID: PMC9139069 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired chemoresistance of tumor cells is an unwanted consequence of cancer treatment. Overcoming chemoresistance is particularly important for efficiently improving cancer therapies. Here, using multiple lines of evidence, we report the suppressive role of SERTAD1 in apoptosis/anoikis. Among various breast cancer cell lines, higher SERTAD1 expression was found in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 in suspension than in adherent cell culture. We revealed an unexpected phenomenon that different types of cell deaths were induced in response to different doses of doxorubicin (Dox) in breast cancer cells, presumably via lysosomal membrane permeabilization. A low dose of Dox highly activated autophagy, while a high dose of the chemotherapy induced apoptosis. Inhibition of SERTAD1 promoted the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Dox and paclitaxel, leading to a significant reduction in tumor volumes of xenograft mice. Simultaneously targeting cancer cells with Dox and autophagy inhibition successfully induced higher apoptosis/anoikis. The novel role of SERTAD1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis has also been suggested in which lysosomal contents, including LAMP1, LAMP2, CTSB, and CTSD, were reduced in SERTAD1-deficient cells.
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24
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Chota A, George BP, Abrahamse H. Dicoma anomala Enhances Phthalocyanine Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:892490. [PMID: 35559263 PMCID: PMC9086192 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.892490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, and it is regarded as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The present study investigated phytochemical profiling, in vitro anticancer effects of Dicoma anomala methanol root extract and its enhancing effects in phthalocyanine mediated PDT on MCF-7 (ATCC® HTB-22™) breast cancer cells. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS2) was used to identify the secondary metabolites in the crude extract. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the two experimental models was established from dose response studies 24 h post-treatment with D. anomala methanol root extract (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) and ZnPcS4 (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 μM) mediated PDT. The inverted microscope was used to analyze morphological changes, trypan blue exclusion assay for viability, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) for cell death mechanisms. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to investigate the qualitative expression of the Bax, p53, and caspase 3 apoptotic proteins. Experiments were performed 4 times (n = 4) and SPSS version 27 software was used to analyze statistical significances. D. anomala methanol root extract induced cell death in MCF-7 cells by decreasing cell viability. The combination of D. anomala methanol root extract and ZnPcS4 mediated PDT led to a significant increase in apoptotic activities, expression of Bax, and p53 with significant decrease in cell viability. These findings pinpoint the possibility of D. anomala methanol root extract of being employed as a natural antiproliferative agent in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chota
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Hillion A, Hallali N, Clerc P, Lopez S, Lalatonne Y, Noûs C, Motte L, Gigoux V, Carrey J. Real-Time Observation and Analysis of Magnetomechanical Actuation of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cells. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1986-1991. [PMID: 35191311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The origin of cell death in the magnetomechanical actuation of cells induced by magnetic nanoparticle motion under low-frequency magnetic fields is still elusive. Here, a miniaturized electromagnet fitted under a confocal microscope is used to observe in real time cells specifically targeted by superparamagnetic nanoparticles and exposed to a low-frequency rotating magnetic field. Our analysis reveals that the lysosome membrane is permeabilized in only a few minutes after the start of magnetic field application, concomitant with lysosome movements toward the nucleus. Those events are associated with disorganization of the tubulin microtubule network and a change in cell morphology. This miniaturized electromagnet will allow a deeper insight into the physical, molecular, and biological process occurring during the magnetomechanical actuation of magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Hillion
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, CNRS UMR5215-INSA, Université de Toulouse III, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Hallali
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, CNRS UMR5215-INSA, Université de Toulouse III, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Clerc
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, CNRS UMR5215-INSA, Université de Toulouse III, 31077 Toulouse, France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Sara Lopez
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, CNRS UMR5215-INSA, Université de Toulouse III, 31077 Toulouse, France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université de Paris, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Camille Noûs
- Laboratoire Cogitamus, Université de Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Motte
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université de Paris, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Gigoux
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, CNRS UMR5215-INSA, Université de Toulouse III, 31077 Toulouse, France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Julian Carrey
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, CNRS UMR5215-INSA, Université de Toulouse III, 31077 Toulouse, France
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26
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Ishaq F, Sereesongsaeng N, Johnston MC, Scott CJ, Burden RE. Lysosomal cysteine proteases are mediators of cell death in macrophages following exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 356:109882. [PMID: 35263611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of nanomaterials in everyday products such as cosmetics, medicines and food packaging is of grave concern given the lack of understanding with regards the impact such materials have on biological systems. The aim of this study is to examine cell death induced by cationic amorphous silica nanoparticles and determine the involvement of lysosomal cysteine proteases in this process. We report that multiple forms of cell death including apoptosis and pyroptosis are elicited following exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles and that lysosomal cysteine proteases are involved in both cell death pathways in macrophages. Interestingly, lysosomal cysteine protease mRNA expression and release into the extracellular environment is induced following exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles. Previously, the determination of nanoparticle-induced toxicity has focused on cytokine readouts, but the work presented here demonstrates that changes to normal protease biology should also be considered when evaluating the molecular mechanisms by which nanoparticulate matter causes cellular inflammation and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Michael C Johnston
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Roberta E Burden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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27
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Luke CJ, Markovina S, Good M, Wight IE, Thomas BJ, Linneman JM, Lanik WE, Koroleva O, Coffman MR, Miedel MT, Gong Q, Andress A, Campos Guerrero M, Wang S, Chen L, Beatty WL, Hausmann KN, White FV, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Orvedahl A, Pak SC, Silverman GA. Lysoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved cell death pathway moderated by intracellular serpins. Commun Biol 2022; 5:47. [PMID: 35022507 PMCID: PMC8755814 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin release typifies lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD). However, LMP occurs in most regulated cell death programs suggesting LDCD is not an independent cell death pathway, but is conscripted to facilitate the final cellular demise by other cell death routines. Previously, we demonstrated that Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) null for a cysteine protease inhibitor, srp-6, undergo a specific LDCD pathway characterized by LMP and cathepsin-dependent cytoplasmic proteolysis. We designated this cell death routine, lysoptosis, to distinguish it from other pathways employing LMP. In this study, mouse and human epithelial cells lacking srp-6 homologues, mSerpinb3a and SERPINB3, respectively, demonstrated a lysoptosis phenotype distinct from other cell death pathways. Like in C. elegans, this pathway depended on LMP and released cathepsins, predominantly cathepsin L. These studies suggested that lysoptosis is an evolutionarily-conserved eukaryotic LDCD that predominates in the absence of neutralizing endogenous inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff J Luke
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stephanie Markovina
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ira E Wight
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J Thomas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Linneman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wyatt E Lanik
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Olga Koroleva
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie R Coffman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark T Miedel
- Department of Computational and Systems biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arlise Andress
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marlene Campos Guerrero
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Songyan Wang
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - LiYun Chen
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelsey N Hausmann
- Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frances V White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Neuroscience, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen C Pak
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary A Silverman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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28
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Zaretsky DV, Zaretskaia MV, Molkov YI. Membrane channel hypothesis of lysosomal permeabilization by beta-amyloid. Neurosci Lett 2021; 770:136338. [PMID: 34767924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia affecting millions of people. Neuronal death in AD is initiated by oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Recently, we proposed the amyloid degradation toxicity hypothesis, which explains multiple major observations associated with AD including autophagy failure and a decreased metabolism. According to the hypothesis, the key event in the cellular toxicity of amyloid is the formation of non-selective membrane channels in lysosomal membranes by amyloid fragments that are produced by the digestion of Aβ previously absorbed by endocytosis. Electrophysiological data suggest that amyloid-formed channels have different sizes, which can be explained by the fact that channel creating barrel-shaped amyloid aggregates can consist of different number of monomers. To estimate the ability of channels to leak molecules of various molecular weights, we modeled the channels as saline-filled cylinders in non-conductive membranes that pass spheres with a density of average globular proteins. As a basis, we used the conductance distribution taken from the previously published experimental dataset, in which single channels with electrical conductance of up to one nanosiemens were registered. Our calculations show that channels with such a giant conductance can allow for passing macromolecules such as large as lysosomal cathepsins implicated in the activation of apoptosis. The formation of giant channels is disproportionally promoted in an acidic environment. Also, amyloid fragments leaking from permeabilized lysosomes can reach the internal leaflet of the plasma membrane and permeabilize it. We conclude that while dissipation of the proton gradient by any (even smallest) amyloid channels readily explains lysosomal failure, the relatively rare events of lysosomal permeabilization to large macromolecules can be an additional mechanism of cellular death induced by exposure to Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaroslav I Molkov
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
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29
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Zaretsky DV, Zaretskaia MV. Intracellular ion changes induced by the exposure to beta-amyloid can be explained by the formation of channels in the lysosomal membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119145. [PMID: 34606794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we reassess the data on beta-amyloid-induced changes of intracellular ions concentrations published previously by Abramov et al. (2003, 2004). Their observations made using high-resolution confocal microscopy with fast temporal resolution of images formed by fluorescent ion-sensitive fluorescent probes in living cells represent an unequivocal support for the amyloid channel theory. However, closer look reveals multiple facts which cannot be explained by channel formation in plasma membrane. Recently proposed amyloid degradation toxicity hypothesis provides the interpretation to these facts by considering that channels are formed in the lysosomal membranes.
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30
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Yoon MC, Solania A, Jiang Z, Christy MP, Podvin S, Mosier C, Lietz CB, Ito G, Gerwick WH, Wolan DW, Hook G, O’Donoghue AJ, Hook V. Selective Neutral pH Inhibitor of Cathepsin B Designed Based on Cleavage Preferences at Cytosolic and Lysosomal pH Conditions. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1628-1643. [PMID: 34416110 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin B is a cysteine protease that normally functions within acidic lysosomes for protein degradation, but in numerous human diseases, cathepsin B translocates to the cytosol having neutral pH where the enzyme activates inflammation and cell death. Cathepsin B is active at both the neutral pH 7.2 of the cytosol and the acidic pH 4.6 within lysosomes. We evaluated the hypothesis that cathepsin B may possess pH-dependent cleavage preferences that can be utilized for design of a selective neutral pH inhibitor by (1) analysis of differential cathepsin B cleavage profiles at neutral pH compared to acidic pH using multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry (MSP-MS), (2) design of pH-selective peptide-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) substrates, and (3) design and validation of Z-Arg-Lys-acyloxymethyl ketone (AOMK) as a selective neutral pH inhibitor. Cathepsin B displayed preferences for cleaving peptides with Arg in the P2 position at pH 7.2 and Glu in the P2 position at pH 4.6, represented by its primary dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and modest endopeptidase activity. These properties led to design of the substrate Z-Arg-Lys-AMC having neutral pH selectivity, and its modification with the AOMK warhead to result in the inhibitor Z-Arg-Lys-AOMK. This irreversible inhibitor displays nanomolar potency with 100-fold selectivity for inhibition of cathepsin B at pH 7.2 compared to pH 4.6, shows specificity for cathepsin B over other cysteine cathepsins, and is cell permeable and inhibits intracellular cathepsin B. These findings demonstrate that cathepsin B possesses pH-dependent cleavage properties that can lead to development of a potent, neutral pH inhibitor of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Angelo Solania
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mitchell P. Christy
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher B. Lietz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gen Ito
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dennis W. Wolan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gregory Hook
- American Life Sciences Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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31
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Mishra PM, Yadav A, Kaushik K, Jaiswal A, Nandi CK. Super-Resolution Microscopy Revealed the Lysosomal Expansion During Epigallocatechin Gallate-Mediated Apoptosis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10818-10826. [PMID: 34470217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Direct visualization of the dynamic events in lysosomes during drug-mediated programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a great challenge. This is due to the lack of resolving power of a conventional microscope and also the unavailability of a suitable multimodal probe that simultaneously can carry the drug with high loading capacity and ensure its specific internalization into lysosomes. In this work, using super-resolution microscopy, we observed the lysosomal expansion during apoptosis that was treated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Albumin protein is known to internalize into lysosomes via endocytosis, thus helping in the specific delivery of EGCG to the lysosomal compartment. The conjugation of EGCG to BSA not only helped in increasing the killing efficiency of cancer cells but it also reduces the side effects and produces minimal reactive oxygen species. The decrease in local viscosity helped in lysosomal expansion during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra M Mishra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh175001, India
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
- BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Aditya Yadav
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh175001, India
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Kush Kaushik
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh175001, India
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh175001, India
- BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Chayan K Nandi
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh175001, India
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
- BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India
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Effect of advanced oxidation and amino acid addition on antioxidant capability, iron chelating property and anti-cancer activity of tannic acid. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Zaretsky DV, Zaretskaia MV. Mini-review: Amyloid degradation toxicity hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135959. [PMID: 34000347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia affecting millions of people. Neuronal death in AD is initiated by oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. The amyloid channel hypothesis readily explains the primary molecular damage but does not address major observations associated with AD such as autophagy failure and decreased metabolism. The amyloid degradation toxicity hypothesis provides the interpretation as a sequence of molecular events. Aβ enters a cell by endocytosis, and the endocytic vesicle is merged with a lysosome. Lysosomal peptidases degrade the peptide. Fragments form membrane channels in lysosomal membranes that have a significant negative charge due to the presence of acidic phospholipids. Amyloid channels can transfer various ions (including protons) and even relatively large compounds, which explains lysosomal permeabilization. The neutralization of lysosomal content inactivates degradation enzymes, results in an accumulation of undigested amyloid, and stalls autophagy. Inadequate quality control of mitochondria is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased energy production. Also, the passage of lysosomal proteases through rare extremely large channels results in cell death. Proposed hypothesis identifies biochemical pathways involved in the initiation and progression of cellular damage induced by beta-amyloid and provides new potential pharmacological targets to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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34
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Sodano F, Gazzano E, Rolando B, Marini E, Lazzarato L, Fruttero R, Riganti C, Gasco A. Tuning NO release of organelle-targeted furoxan derivatives and their cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104911. [PMID: 33901795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a study on a set of hybrid compounds in which 3-R-substituted furoxan moieties (R = CH3, CONH2, CN, SO2C6H5), endowed with varying NO-releasing capacities, are joined to a mitochondrial probe, rhodamine B. Each product has been investigated for its ability to release NO both in physiological solution, in the presence of cysteine, and in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of all the products against the aforementioned cancer cells has been assessed, including the structurally related compounds with no mitochondrial targeting, which were taken as a reference. In the case of the models bearing the -CH3 and -CONH2 groups at the 3-position on the furoxan, only the targeted models showed a significant cytotoxic activity, and only at the highest concentrations, in accordance with their weak NO-releasing properties. On the contrary, the presence of the strong electron-withdrawing groups, as -CN and -SO2C6H5, at the 3-position gave rise to anticancer agents, likely because of the high NO-releasing and of their capability of inhibiting cellular proteins by covalent binding. In detail, the rhodamine hybrid containing the 3-SO2C6H5 substituted furoxan moiety emerged as the most interesting product as it showed high cytotoxicity over the entire concentration range tested. This substructure was also linked to a phenothiazine scaffold that is able to accumulate in lysosomes. Nevertheless, mitochondrial targeting for these NO-donor furoxan substructures was found to be the most efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sodano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Nagakannan P, Islam MI, Conrad M, Eftekharpour E. Cathepsin B is an executioner of ferroptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118928. [PMID: 33340545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a necrotic form of cell death caused by inactivation of the glutathione system and uncontrolled iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. Increasing evidence implicates ferroptosis in a wide range of diseases from neurotrauma to cancer, highlighting the importance of identifying an executioner system that can be exploited for clinical applications. In this study, using pharmacological and genetic models of ferroptosis, we observed that lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cytoplasmic leakage of cathepsin B unleashes structural and functional changes in mitochondria and promotes a not previously reported cleavage of histone H3. Inhibition of cathepsin-B robustly rescued cellular membrane integrity and chromatin degradation. We show that these protective effects are independent of glutathione peroxidase-4 and are mediated by preventing lysosomal membrane damage. This was further confirmed when cathepsin B knockout primary fibroblasts remained unaffected in response to various ferroptosis inducers. Our work identifies new and yet-unrecognized aspects of ferroptosis and identifies cathepsin B as a mediator of ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandian Nagakannan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program and Spinal Cord Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Md Imamul Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program and Spinal Cord Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute for Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program and Spinal Cord Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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36
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Naud C, Thébault C, Carrière M, Hou Y, Morel R, Berger F, Diény B, Joisten H. Cancer treatment by magneto-mechanical effect of particles, a review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3632-3655. [PMID: 36132753 PMCID: PMC9419242 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment by magneto-mechanical effect of particles (TMMEP) is a growing field of research. The principle of this technique is to apply a mechanical force on cancer cells in order to destroy them thanks to magnetic particles vibrations. For this purpose, magnetic particles are injected in the tumor or exposed to cancer cells and a low-frequency alternating magnetic field is applied. This therapeutic approach is quite new and a wide range of treatment parameters are explored to date, as described in the literature. This review explains the principle of the technique, summarizes the parameters used by the different groups and reports the main in vitro and in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Naud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec 38000 Grenoble France
- BrainTech Lab, U1205, INSERM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU-Grenoble France
| | | | - Marie Carrière
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Yanxia Hou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Robert Morel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec 38000 Grenoble France
| | - François Berger
- BrainTech Lab, U1205, INSERM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU-Grenoble France
| | - Bernard Diény
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Hélène Joisten
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec 38000 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI 38000 Grenoble France
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37
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Kavčič N, Butinar M, Sobotič B, Hafner Česen M, Petelin A, Bojić L, Zavašnik Bergant T, Bratovš A, Reinheckel T, Turk B. Intracellular cathepsin C levels determine sensitivity of cells to leucyl-leucine methyl ester-triggered apoptosis. FEBS J 2020; 287:5148-5166. [PMID: 32319717 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
L-leucyl-leucine methyl ester (LLOMe) is a lysosomotropic detergent, which was evaluated in clinical trials in graft-vs-host disease because it very efficiently killed monocytic cell lines. It was also shown to efficiently trigger apoptosis in cancer cells, suggesting that the drug might have potential in anticancer therapy. Using U-937 and THP-1 promonocytes as models for monocytic cells, U-87-MG and HeLa cells as models for cancer cells, and noncancerous HEK293 cells, we show that the drug triggers rapid cathepsin C-dependent lysosomal membrane permeabilization, followed by the release of other cysteine cathepsins into the cytosol and subsequent apoptosis. However, monocytes were found to be far more sensitive to the drug than the cancer and noncancer cells, which is most likely a consequence of the much higher intracellular levels of cathepsin C-the most upstream molecule in the pathway-in monocytic cell lines as compared to cancer cells. Overexpression of cathepsin C in HEK293 cells substantially enhances their sensitivity to the drug, consistent with the crucial role of cathepsin C. Major involvement of cysteine cathepsins B, S, and L in the downstream signaling pathway to mitochondrial cell death was confirmed in two gene ablation models, including the ablation of the major cytosolic inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, stefin B, in primary mouse cancer cells, and simultaneous ablation of two major cathepsins, B and L, in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Deletion of stefin B resulted in sensitizing primary murine breast cancer cells to cell death without affecting the release of cathepsins, whereas simultaneous ablation of cathepsins B and L largely protected MEFs against cell death. However, due to the extreme sensitivity of monocytes to LLOMe, it appears that the drug may not be suitable for anticancer therapy due to risk of systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nežka Kavčič
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Butinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Sobotič
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Hafner Česen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Petelin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Lea Bojić
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Zavašnik Bergant
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Bratovš
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hook V, Yoon M, Mosier C, Ito G, Podvin S, Head BP, Rissman R, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook G. Cathepsin B in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and related brain disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140428. [PMID: 32305689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and related brain disorders have provided extensive evidence for involvement of cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, in mediating the behavioral deficits and neuropathology of these neurodegenerative diseases. This review integrates findings of cathepsin B regulation in clinical biomarker studies, animal model genetic and inhibitor evaluations, structural studies, and lysosomal cell biological mechanisms in AD, TBI, and related brain disorders. The results together indicate the role of cathepsin B in the behavioral deficits and neuropathology of these disorders. Lysosomal leakage occurs in AD and TBI, and related neurodegeneration, which leads to the hypothesis that cathepsin B is redistributed from the lysosome to the cytosol where it initiates cell death and inflammation processes associated with neurodegeneration. These results together implicate cathepsin B as a major contributor to these neuropathological changes and behavioral deficits. These findings support the investigation of cathepsin B as a potential drug target for therapeutic discovery and treatment of AD, TBI, and TBI-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
| | - Michael Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Gen Ito
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian P Head
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Hook
- American Life Sciences Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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39
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Ho A, Sinick J, Esko T, Fischer K, Menni C, Zierer J, Matey-Hernandez M, Fortney K, Morgen EK. Circulating glucuronic acid predicts healthspan and longevity in humans and mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7694-7706. [PMID: 31557729 PMCID: PMC6781977 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronic acid is a metabolite of glucose that is involved in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds and the structure/remodeling of the extracellular matrix. We report for the first time that circulating glucuronic acid is a robust biomarker of mortality that is conserved across species. We find that glucuronic acid levels are significant predictors of all-cause mortality in three population-based cohorts from different countries with 4-20 years of follow-up (HR=1.44, p=2.9×10-6 in the discovery cohort; HR=1.13, p=0.032 and HR=1.25, p=0.017, respectively in the replication cohorts), as well as in a longitudinal study of genetically heterogenous mice (HR=1.29, p=0.018). Additionally, we find that glucuronic acid levels increase with age and predict future healthspan-related outcomes. Together, these results demonstrate glucuronic acid as a robust biomarker of longevity and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Zierer
- Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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40
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Iodinated chlorin p 6 copper complex induces anti-proliferative effect in oral cancer cells through elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Nixon RA. Amyloid precursor protein and endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: inseparable partners in a multifactorial disease. FASEB J 2017; 31:2729-2743. [PMID: 28663518 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of the endosomal-lysosomal network (ELN) are a signature feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These include the earliest known cytopathology that is specific to AD and that affects endosomes and induces the progressive failure of lysosomes, each of which are directly linked by distinct mechanisms to neurodegeneration. The origins of ELN dysfunction and β-amyloidogenesis closely overlap, which reflects their common genetic basis, the established early involvement of endosomes and lysosomes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and clearance, and the pathologic effect of certain APP metabolites on ELN functions. Genes that promote β-amyloidogenesis in AD (APP, PSEN1/2, and APOE4) have primary effects on ELN function. The importance of primary ELN dysfunction to pathogenesis is underscored by the mutations in more than 35 ELN-related genes that, thus far, are known to cause familial neurodegenerative diseases even though different pathogenic proteins may be involved. In this article, I discuss growing evidence that implicates AD gene-driven ELN disruptions as not only the antecedent pathobiology that underlies β-amyloidogenesis but also as the essential partner with APP and its metabolites that drive the development of AD, including tauopathy, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. The striking amelioration of diverse deficits in animal AD models by remediating ELN dysfunction further supports a need to integrate APP and ELN relationships, including the role of amyloid-β, into a broader conceptual framework of how AD arises, progresses, and may be effectively therapeutically targeted.-Nixon, R. A. Amyloid precursor protein and endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: inseparable partners in a multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Kramer L, Turk D, Turk B. The Future of Cysteine Cathepsins in Disease Management. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:873-898. [PMID: 28668224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the key role of cathepsin K in bone resorption, cysteine cathepsins have been investigated by pharmaceutical companies as drug targets. The first clinical results from targeting cathepsins by activity-based probes and substrates are paving the way for the next generation of molecular diagnostic imaging, whereas the majority of antibody-drug conjugates currently in clinical trials depend on activation by cathepsins. Finally, cathepsins have emerged as suitable vehicles for targeted drug delivery. It is therefore timely to review the future of cathepsins in drug discovery. We focus here on inflammation-associated diseases because dysregulation of the immune system accompanied by elevated cathepsin activity is a common feature of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Kramer
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Turk
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center of Excellence CIPKEBIP, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center of Excellence CIPKEBIP, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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