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Zhang B, Zhang J, Chen H, Qiao D, Guo F, Hu X, Qin C, Jin X, Zhang K, Wang C, Cui H, Li S. Role of FMRP in AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated hippocampal autophagy in fragile X syndrome. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111036. [PMID: 38823765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by epigenetic silencing of the Fmr1 gene, leading to the deletion of the coding protein FMRP. FXS induces abnormal hippocampal autophagy and mTOR overactivation. However, it remains unclear whether FMRP regulates hippocampal autophagy through the AKT/mTOR pathway, which influences the neural behavior of FXS. Our study revealed that FMRP deficiency increased the protein levels of p-ULK-1 and p62 and decreased LC3II/LC3I level in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 with knockdown of Fmr1 by lentivirus showed that the protein levels of p-ULK-1 and p62 were increased, whereas LC3II/LC3I was unchanged. Further observations revealed that FMRP deficiency obstructed autophagic flow in HT22 cells. Therefore, FMRP deficiency inhibited autophagy in the mouse hippocampus and HT22 cells. Moreover, FMRP deficiency increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, decreased the co-localization between the mitochondrial outer membrane proteins TOM20 and LC3 in HT22 cells, and caused a decrease in the mitochondrial autophagy protein PINK1 in HT22 cells and Fmr1 KO mice, indicating that FMRP deficiency caused mitochondrial autophagy disorder in HT22 cells and Fmr1 KO mice. To explore the mechanism by which FMRP deficiency inhibits autophagy, we examined the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the hippocampus of Fmr1 KO mice, found that FMRP deficiency caused overactivation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Rapamycin-mediated mTOR inhibition activated and enhanced mitochondrial autophagy. Finally, we examined whether rapamycin affected the neurobehavior of Fmr1 KO mice. The Fmr1 KO mice exhibited stereotypical behavior, impaired social ability, and learning and memory impairment, while rapamycin treatment improved behavioral disorders in Fmr1 KO mice. Thus, our study revealed the molecular mechanism by which FMRP regulates autophagy function, clarifying the role of hippocampal neuron mitochondrial autophagy in the pathogenesis of FXS, and providing novel insights into potential therapeutic targets of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jingbao Zhang
- Grade 2020, Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fangzhen Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiangting Hu
- Grade 2020, Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Grade 2021, Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaowen Jin
- Grade 2021, Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Kaixi Zhang
- Grade 2021, 5+3 Integrated pediatrics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Kim K, Kim CE, Baek DJ, Park EY, Oh YS. Prevention of UVB-Induced Photoaging by an Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Allomyrina dichotoma Larvae and Its Potential Mechanisms in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7850. [PMID: 39063091 PMCID: PMC11277254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Allomyrina dichotoma larvae (ADL) is an insect type that is used ethnopharmacologically to treat various diseases; however, its use as an antiaging treatment has not been widely studied. Previously, we found that an ethyl acetate (EA) fraction derived from an ADL extract (ADLE) has a high polyphenol content and antioxidant properties. In this study, we identified the underlying molecular mechanism for the protective effect of the EA fraction against UVB-induced photodamage in vitro and ex vivo. UVB treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage; the latter of which was significantly decreased following cotreatment with the EA fraction. Biological markers of aging, such as p16INK4a, p21WAF1, and senescence-associated β-gal levels, were induced by UVB treatment but significantly suppressed following EA-fraction treatment. UVB-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and downregulation of COL1A1 were also reversed by EA-fraction treatment in both cells and a 3D skin model, which resulted in increased keratin and collagen deposition. Moreover, EA-fraction treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK) and nuclear factor (NF-)-kB and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in UVB-treated cells. The results indicate that an EA fraction from ADLE ameliorates UVB-induced degradation of COL1A1 by inhibiting MMP expression and inactivating the MAPK/NF-κB p65/AP-1 signaling pathway involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (C.-E.K.)
| | - Chae-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (C.-E.K.)
| | - Dong-Jae Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea; (D.-J.B.); (E.-Y.P.)
| | - Eun-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea; (D.-J.B.); (E.-Y.P.)
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (C.-E.K.)
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Boengler K, Eickelmann C, Kleinbongard P. Mitochondrial Kinase Signaling for Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4491. [PMID: 38674076 PMCID: PMC11049936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is reduced by cardioprotective adaptations such as local or remote ischemic conditioning. The cardioprotective stimuli activate signaling cascades, which converge on mitochondria and maintain the function of the organelles, which is critical for cell survival. The signaling cascades include not only extracellular molecules that activate sarcolemmal receptor-dependent or -independent protein kinases that signal at the plasma membrane or in the cytosol, but also involve kinases, which are located to or within mitochondria, phosphorylate mitochondrial target proteins, and thereby modify, e.g., respiration, the generation of reactive oxygen species, calcium handling, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, or apoptosis. In the present review, we give a personal and opinionated overview of selected protein kinases, localized to/within myocardial mitochondria, and summarize the available data on their role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and protection from it. We highlight the regulation of mitochondrial function by these mitochondrial protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Chantal Eickelmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.E.); (P.K.)
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Jacobs J, Iranpour R, Behrooz AB, da Silva Rosa SC, Ghavami S. The role of BCL2L13 in glioblastoma: turning a need into a target. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:127-134. [PMID: 37988705 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive central nervous system cancer. GBM has a high mortality rate, with a median survival time of 12-15 months after diagnosis. A poor prognosis and a shorter life expectancy may result from resistance to standard treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy. Temozolomide has been the mainstay treatment for GBM, but unfortunately, there are high rates of resistance with GBM bypassing apoptosis. A proposed mechanism for bypassing apoptosis is decreased ceramide levels, and previous research has shown that within GBM cells, B cell lymphoma 2-like 13 (BCL2L13) can inhibit ceramide synthase. This review aims to discuss the causes of resistance in GBM cells, followed by a brief description of BCL2L13 and an explanation of its mechanism of action. Further, lipids, specifically ceramide, will be discussed concerning cancer and GBM cells, focusing on ceramide synthase and its role in developing GBM. By gathering all current information on BCL2L13 and ceramide synthase, this review seeks to enable an understanding of these pieces of GBM in the hope of finding an effective treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joadi Jacobs
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rosa Iranpour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simone C da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Zuo W, Wang L, Tian R, Wang L, Liu Y, Qian H, Yang X, Liu Z. Dapagliflozin Alleviates Myocardial Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury by Activating Mitophagy via the AMPK-PINK1/Parkin Signalling Pathway. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024; 22:203-217. [PMID: 38141195 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611269801231211104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) determines infarct size and long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, alleviates MIRI in animal models. METHOD We investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effect of dapagliflozin against MIRI, focusing on mitochondrial injury and mitophagy. MIRI mouse and H9C2 cell models were established. RESULTS 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining showed a significant alleviation of MIRI after pre-treatment of dapagliflozin compared to the model group (14.91 ± 1.76 vs. 40.47 ± 3.69%). Data from the pre-treatment dapagliflozin group showed a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (44.8 ± 2.7 vs. 28.5 ± 5.3%, P<0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (70.6 ± 9.5 vs. 93.5 ± 13.8 ul, P<0.05), and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) (39.0 ± 8.3 vs. 67.9 ± 13.7 ul, P<0.05) compared to the model group. Dapagliflozin also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fragmented mitochondrial DNA, reversed the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed apoptosis. Further study showed that dapagliflozin could protect against mitochondrial injury by rapidly clearing damaged mitochondria via mitophagy in a phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/parkindependent manner. Dapagliflozin regulated mitophagy in cardiomyocytes by suppressing the adenosine 5'monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-PINK1/parkin signalling pathway, resulting in attenuated MIRI. CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin alleviated MIRI by activating mitophagy via the AMPK-PINK1/parkin signalling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Mitophagy/drug effects
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Mice
- Rats
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Stroke Volume/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu H, Xu K, He Y, Huang F. Mitochondria in Multi-Directional Differentiation of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 38275753 PMCID: PMC10813276 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of tissue regeneration has fueled decades of research in regenerative medicine. Among the numerous types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) have recently emerged as a particularly promising candidate for tissue repair and regeneration. In recent years, evidence has highlighted the pivotal role of mitochondria in directing and orchestrating the differentiation processes of DMSCs. Beyond mitochondrial energy metabolism, the multifaceted functions of mitochondria are governed by the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, encompassing biogenesis, autophagy, and dynamics. Notably, mitochondrial energy metabolism not only governs the decision to differentiate but also exerts a substantial influence on the determination of differentiation directions. Furthermore, the MQC system exerts a nuanced impact on the differentiation of DMSCs by finely regulating the quality and mass of mitochondria. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing the multi-directional differentiation of DMSCs, mediated by both mitochondrial energy metabolism and the MQC system. We also focus on a new idea based on the analysis of data from many research groups never considered before, namely, DMSC-based regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yifan He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.L.); (K.X.)
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.L.); (K.X.)
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7
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Mukkala AN, Jerkic M, Khan Z, Szaszi K, Kapus A, Rotstein O. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Require Mitochondrial Transfer and Quality Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15788. [PMID: 37958771 PMCID: PMC10647450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their beneficial effects in an array of diseases, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the focus of intense preclinical research and clinical implementation for decades. MSCs have multilineage differentiation capacity, support hematopoiesis, secrete pro-regenerative factors and exert immunoregulatory functions promoting homeostasis and the resolution of injury/inflammation. The main effects of MSCs include modulation of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and transfer of mitochondria (Mt) to injured cells. These actions can be enhanced by priming (i.e., licensing) MSCs prior to exposure to deleterious microenvironments. Preclinical evidence suggests that MSCs can exert therapeutic effects in a variety of pathological states, including cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, renal, and neurological diseases. One of the key emerging beneficial actions of MSCs is the improvement of mitochondrial functions in the injured tissues by enhancing mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Recent advances in the understanding of cellular MQC, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission, and fusion, helped uncover how MSCs enhance these processes. Specifically, MSCs have been suggested to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α)-dependent biogenesis, Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and Mitofusins (Mfn1/2) or Dynamin Related Protein-1 (Drp1)-mediated fission/fusion. In addition, previous studies also verified mitochondrial transfer from MSCs through tunneling nanotubes and via microvesicular transport. Combined, these effects improve mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the resolution of injury and inflammation. Thus, uncovering how MSCs affect MQC opens new therapeutic avenues for organ injury, and the transplantation of MSC-derived mitochondria to injured tissues might represent an attractive new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Naraiah Mukkala
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mirjana Jerkic
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
| | - Zahra Khan
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ori Rotstein
- Unity Health Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (A.N.M.); (Z.K.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (O.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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8
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Srivastava V, Gross E. Mitophagy-promoting agents and their ability to promote healthy-aging. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1811-1846. [PMID: 37650304 PMCID: PMC10657188 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The removal of damaged mitochondrial components through a process called mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is essential for the proper function of the mitochondrial network. Hence, mitophagy is vital for the health of all aerobic animals, including humans. Unfortunately, mitophagy declines with age. Many age-associated diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are characterized by the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and oxidative damage. Therefore, activating the mitophagy process with small molecules is an emerging strategy for treating multiple aging diseases. Recent studies have identified natural and synthetic compounds that promote mitophagy and lifespan. This article aims to summarize the existing knowledge about these substances. For readers' convenience, the knowledge is presented in a table that indicates the chemical data of each substance and its effect on lifespan. The impact on healthspan and the molecular mechanism is reported if known. The article explores the potential of utilizing a combination of mitophagy-inducing drugs within a therapeutic framework and addresses the associated challenges of this strategy. Finally, we discuss the process that balances mitophagy, i.e. mitochondrial biogenesis. In this process, new mitochondrial components are generated to replace the ones cleared by mitophagy. Furthermore, some mitophagy-inducing substances activate biogenesis (e.g. resveratrol and metformin). Finally, we discuss the possibility of combining mitophagy and biogenesis enhancers for future treatment. In conclusion, this article provides an up-to-date source of information about natural and synthetic substances that activate mitophagy and, hopefully, stimulates new hypotheses and studies that promote healthy human aging worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijigisha Srivastava
- Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12271, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12271, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Circ_0035381 Regulates Acute Myeloid Leukemia Development by Modulating YWHAZ Expression via Adsorbing miR-582-3p. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:354-371. [PMID: 35917008 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematopoietic disorder. Many circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abnormally expressed in AML, including hsa_circ_0035381 (circ_0035381). Nevertheless, the function and mechanism of circ_0035381 in AML remain mostly unclear. Expression of circ_0035381 was determined by qRT-PCR. The impacts of circ_0035381 on AML cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage were validated via performing loss-of-function experiments. Targeting relationship was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified via dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Circ_0035381 was upregulated in AML bone marrow samples and cells. Circ_0035381 downregulation decreased AML cell growth in nude mice and restrained AML cell proliferation and contributed to AML apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in vitro. Circ_0035381 acted as a miR-582-3p sponge, and miR-582-3p downregulation mitigated the impacts of circ_0035381 interference on AML cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage. MiR-582-3p targeted Tyrosine3-monooxygenase/tryptophan5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ), and it restrained AML cell proliferation and facilitated AML cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by decreasing YWHAZ expression. Notably, circ_0035381 regulated YWHAZ expression via miR-582-3p. Circ_0035381 knockdown repressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage via regulating the miR-582-3p/YWHAZ axis in AML.
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10
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Wang L, Zheng P, Cui Y, Zhang Z, Song K, Liu Y, Liu J. Regulation of Parkin in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114315. [PMID: 36423368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The large amount of heavy metal chromium emissions from industrial production, ore smelting and sewage treatment plants have made chromium one of the most widespread heavy metal pollutants, with Cr (VI) being the most toxic. In recent years, people have gradually recognized the great harm of heavy metal chromium pollution, but the research on its pathogenic mechanism is still not deep enough. In this study, we treated the Primary cells of chicken liver with Cr (VI) to establish a model of toxicity. The optimal treatment time and Cr (VI) concentration were screened using the CCK-8 test. The intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured qualitatively and quantitatively by laser confocal and flow cytometry, respectively. This result was confirmed by the fact that Cr (VI) could cause mitophagy by causing damage to mitochondria. Subsequently, this study used LMH cells to construct a Parkin silencing model to further investigate that Parkin exerts the function on the Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes. The results showed that the knockdown of Parkin effectively blocked p62 degradation and LC3 lipidation and that PINK1 expression was significantly inhibited in LMH cells, further suggesting that the knockdown of Parkin effectively inhibited mitophagy. Mitochondrial morphology, MMP, and ROS were observed using laser confocal. The results showed that Parkin knockdown resulted in mitochondrial fission and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, together with increased depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. These changes led to increased mitochondrial damage. In conclusion, this study showed that Cr (VI) could cause the occurrence of mitophagy by damaging mitochondria, and Parkin played a crucial role in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Pimiao Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yukun Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhuanglong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kaimin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
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11
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Sarwar A, Zhu M, Su Q, Zhu Z, Yang T, Chen Y, Peng X, Zhang Y. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions in pancreatic cancer evokes new therapeutic opportunities. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Hao J, Xi Y, Jiao L, Wen X, Wu R, Chang G, Sun F, Wei C, Li H. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide inhibits the senescence of cardiomyocytes through modulating mitophagy in rats. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110465. [PMID: 36087824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous molecule, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of body pathophysiological processes. Aging is related to structural and functional alterations within the heart. There is evidence that diminished mitophagy accelerates the aging process. Studies in recent years have revealed that plasma levels of H2S in humans and old rats decrease with age, and H2S acts as a cytoprotective mediator in the aging process. However, it is unclear whether H2S can delay the senescence of cardiomyocytes by regulating mitophagy. Our present results showed that exogenous H2S inhibited mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, and enhanced mitophagy through upregulating the SIRT1-PINK1-parkin pathway in myocardial tissues of aged rats and cultured aged cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the effect of exogenous H2S on the above indicators was the same as that of SRT1720 (a SIRT1 agonist) and kinetin (a PINK1 activator). Our findings suggest that exogenous H2S inhibits the senescence of cardiomyocytes by increasing mitophagy via upregulation of the SIRT1-PINK1-parkin pathway in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Hao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuxin Xi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijie Jiao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Pathology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Ren Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Guiquan Chang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fengqi Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
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13
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Atlante A, Amadoro G, Latina V, Valenti D. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Mitochondria for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6742. [PMID: 36431219 PMCID: PMC9697019 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by memory and cognitive impairment and by the accumulation in the brain of abnormal proteins, more precisely beta-amyloid (β-amyloid or Aβ) and Tau proteins. Studies aimed at researching pharmacological treatments against AD have focused precisely on molecules capable, in one way or another, of preventing/eliminating the accumulations of the aforementioned proteins. Unfortunately, more than 100 years after the discovery of the disease, there is still no effective therapy in modifying the biology behind AD and nipping the disease in the bud. This state of affairs has made neuroscientists suspicious, so much so that for several years the idea has gained ground that AD is not a direct neuropathological consequence taking place downstream of the deposition of the two toxic proteins, but rather a multifactorial disease, including mitochondrial dysfunction as an early event in the pathogenesis of AD, occurring even before clinical symptoms. This is the reason why the search for pharmacological agents capable of normalizing the functioning of these subcellular organelles of vital importance for nerve cells is certainly to be considered a promising approach to the design of effective neuroprotective drugs aimed at preserving this organelle to arrest or delay the progression of the disease. Here, our intent is to provide an updated overview of the mitochondrial alterations related to this disorder and of the therapeutic strategies (both natural and synthetic) targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via G. Amendola122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Valenti
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via G. Amendola122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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14
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Basal Gp78-dependent mitophagy promotes mitochondrial health and limits mitochondrial ROS. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:565. [PMID: 36284011 PMCID: PMC9596570 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are major sources of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, that when uncontrolled contribute to cancer progression. Maintaining a finely tuned, healthy mitochondrial population is essential for cellular homeostasis and survival. Mitophagy, the selective elimination of mitochondria by autophagy, monitors and maintains mitochondrial health and integrity, eliminating damaged ROS-producing mitochondria. However, mechanisms underlying mitophagic control of mitochondrial homeostasis under basal conditions remain poorly understood. E3 ubiquitin ligase Gp78 is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that induces mitochondrial fission and mitophagy of depolarized mitochondria. Here, we report that CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of Gp78 in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells increased mitochondrial volume, elevated ROS production and rendered cells resistant to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP)-induced mitophagy. These effects were phenocopied by knockdown of the essential autophagy protein ATG5 in wild-type HT-1080 cells. Use of the mito-Keima mitophagy probe confirmed that Gp78 promoted both basal and damage-induced mitophagy. Application of a spot detection algorithm (SPECHT) to GFP-mRFP tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 (tfLC3)-positive autophagosomes reported elevated autophagosomal maturation in wild-type HT-1080 cells relative to Gp78 knockout cells, predominantly in proximity to mitochondria. Mitophagy inhibition by either Gp78 knockout or ATG5 knockdown reduced mitochondrial potential and increased mitochondrial ROS. Live cell analysis of tfLC3 in HT-1080 cells showed the preferential association of autophagosomes with mitochondria of reduced potential. Xenograft tumors of HT-1080 knockout cells show increased labeling for mitochondria and the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and reduced labeling for the TUNEL cell death reporter. Basal Gp78-dependent mitophagic flux is, therefore, selectively associated with reduced potential mitochondria promoting maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population, limiting ROS production and tumor cell proliferation.
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15
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Mundekkad D, Cho WC. Mitophagy Induced by Metal Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2275. [PMID: 36365094 PMCID: PMC9699542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on nanoparticles, especially metal nanoparticles, in cancer therapy is gaining momentum. The versatility and biocompatibility of metal nanoparticles make them ideal for various applications in cancer therapy. They can bring about apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. In addition to apoptosis, nanoparticles mediate a special type of autophagy facilitated through mitochondria called mitophagy. Interestingly, nanoparticles with antioxidant properties are capable of inducing mitophagy by altering the levels of reactive oxygen species and by influencing signaling pathways like PINK/Parkin pathway and P13K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The current review presents various roles of metal nanoparticles in inducing mitophagy in cancer cells. We envision this review sheds some light on the blind spots in the research related to mitophagy induced by nanoparticles for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mundekkad
- Centre for NanoBioTechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Asthana J, Shravage BV. Exploring therapeutic potential of mitophagy modulators using Drosophila models of Parkinson’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:986849. [PMID: 36337696 PMCID: PMC9632658 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.986849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most popular age-associated neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), and locomotor defects are the main characteristic features of PD. The main cause of a familial form of PD is associated with a mutation in genes such as SNCA, PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, LRKK2, and others. Recent advances have uncovered the different underlying mechanisms of PD but the treatment of PD is still unknown due to the unavailability of effective therapies and preventive medicines in the current scenario. The pathophysiology and genetics of PD have been strongly associated with mitochondria in disease etiology. Several studies have investigated a complex molecular mechanism governing the identification and clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria from the cell, a mitochondrial quality control mechanism called mitophagy. Reduced mitophagy and mitochondrial impairment are found in both sporadic and familial PD. Pharmacologically modulating mitophagy and accelerating the removal of defective mitochondria are of common interest in developing a therapy for PD. However, despite the extensive understanding of the mitochondrial quality control pathway and its underlying mechanism, the therapeutic potential of targeting mitophagy modulation and its role in PD remains to be explored. Thus, targeting mitophagy using chemical agents and naturally occurring phytochemicals could be an emerging therapeutic strategy in PD prevention and treatment. We discuss the current research on understanding the role of mitophagy modulators in PD using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. We further explore the contribution of Drosophila in the pathophysiology of PD, and discuss comprehensive genetic analysis in flies and pharmacological drug screening to develop potential therapeutic molecules for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Asthana
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Bhupendra V. Shravage
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Bhupendra V. Shravage,
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Protective Effect of Natural Medicinal Plants on Cardiomyocyte Injury in Heart Failure: Targeting the Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3617086. [PMID: 36132224 PMCID: PMC9484955 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3617086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure occurs because of various cardiovascular pathologies, such as coronary artery disease or cardiorenal syndrome, eventually reaching end-stage disease. Various factors contribute to cardiac structural or functional changes that result in systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Several studies have confirmed that the key factor in heart failure progression is myocardial cell death, and mitophagy is the major mechanism regulating myocardial cell death in heart failure. The clinical mechanisms of heart failure are well understood in practice. However, the essential role of mitophagic regulation in heart failure has only recently received widespread attention. Receptor-mediated mitophagy is involved in various mitochondrial processes like oxidative stress injury, energy metabolism disorders, and calcium homeostasis, which are also the main causes of heart failure. Understanding of the diverse regulatory mechanisms in mitophagy and the complexity of its pathophysiology in heart failure remains incomplete. Related studies have found that various natural medicinal plants and active ingredients, such as flavonoids and saponins, can regulate mitophagy to a certain extent, improve myocardial function, and protect myocardial cells. This review comprehensively covers the relevant mechanisms of different types of mitophagy in regulating heart failure pathology and controlling mitochondrial adaptability to stress injury. Further, it explores the relationship between mitophagy and cardiac ejection dysfunction. Natural medicinal plant-targeted regulation strategies and scientific evidence on mitophagy were provided to elucidate current and potential strategies to apply mitophagy-targeted therapy for heart failure.
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18
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Zhu C, Zhao Y, Pei D, Liu Z, Liu J, Li Y, Yu S, Ma L, Sun J, Li A. PINK1 mediated mitophagy attenuates early apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells induced by high glucose. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:144. [PMID: 35473620 PMCID: PMC9044577 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress mediated by hyperglycemia damages cell-reparative processes such as mitophagy. Down-regulation of mitophagy is considered to be a susceptible factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. However, the role of mitophagy in DM-associated periodontitis has not been fully elucidated. Apoptosis of human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) is one of the representative events of DM-associated periodontitis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy activated in the process of high glucose (HG)-induced hGECs apoptosis. METHODS For dose-response studies, hGECs were incubated in different concentrations of glucose (5.5, 15, 25, and 50 mmol/L) for 48 h. Then, hGECs were challenged with 25 mmol/L glucose for 12 h and 48 h, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), caspase 9 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Subsequently, autophagy was evaluated by estimating P62, LC3 II mRNA levels, LC3 fluorescent puncta and LC3-II/I ratio. Meanwhile, the involvement of PINK1-mediated mitophagy was assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Finally, hGECs were transfected with shPINK1 and analyzed by MMP, caspase 9 and annexin V-FITC apoptosis. RESULTS The number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase 9 protein were significantly increased in cells challenged with HG (25 mmol/L) for 48 h (HG 48 h). MMP was impaired both at HG 12 h and HG 48 h, but the degree of depolarization was more serious at HG 48 h. The autophagy improved as the amount of LC3 II increased and p62 decreased in HG 12 h. During this process, HG 12 h treatment induced PINK1-mediated mitophagy. PINK1 silencing with HG 12 h resulted in MMP depolarization and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that loss of the PINK1 gene may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and increase sensitivity to HG-induced apoptosis of hGECs at the early stage. PINK1 mediated mitophagy attenuates early apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells induced by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Jin Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ye Li
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Shuchen Yu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Junyi Sun
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Special Clinic, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ang Li
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Autophagy modulation in resveratrol protective effects on steroidogenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice and H 2O 2-challenged TM3 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2973-2983. [PMID: 35000049 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy dysregulation and oxidative stress play critical pathophysiological roles in developing obesity-related metabolic health disorders. This study aims to investigate how autophagy modulation is related to resveratrol (RSV) antioxidant activities and preventive effects on steroidogenesis decline associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and oxidative damage. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were fed with HFD with or without supplement RSV (400 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 16 weeks. The control group was fed with a standard diet with no RSV or the same amount of RSV. Mouse Leydig cell line TM3 cell was used for in vitro studies. Oxidative stress was induced in TM3 cells with H2O2, followed by RSV treatment plus autophagy activator rapamycin or autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, respectively. RSV supplement could upregulate proteins level of StAR and mitochondrial proteins COX4 and mtTFA, indicating the amelioration of steroidogenesis decline and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by HFD. Antioxidants such as GPx4 and SOD2 were improved by RSV as well. The observation of autophagosomes and the changes in expressions of LC3II/I, Beclin1, and Atg7 indicated that RSV could reverse the autophagy defect associated with HFD. 3-methyladenine inhibition of autophagy partially abolished RSV protection on mitochondrial function and steroidogenesis in H2O2-challenged TM3 cells. However, the combination use of rapamycin and RSV did not improve protection on Leydig cells against oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS The stimulation of autophagy by RSV is closely linked to its antioxidant actions and positive impact on steroidogenesis in HFD mice. The findings suggest RSV is protective against obesity-related Leydig cell impairment.
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Wang Y, Song M, Wang Q, Guo C, Zhang J, Zhang X, Cui Y, Cao Z, Li Y. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is activated to protect against AFB 1-induced kidney damage in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109884. [PMID: 35304092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic food pollutant that has extensive deleterious impacts on the kidney. Oxidative stress represents the primary mechanism of AFB1 nephrotoxicity and can also cause mitochondrial damage. Damaged mitochondria can trigger apoptosis leading to kidney injury. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy can alleviate mitochondrial injury to maintain cellular homeostasis, however, its role in AFB1-induced kidney damage is unknown. To investigate the effect of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy on kidney impairment triggered by AFB1, 40 male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6N mice were first assigned to 4 groups and orally exposed to AFB1 at 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 28 days. The results revealed that AFB1 induced kidney damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis and activated PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy with a dose-dependent effect. Then, 20 male WT C57BL/6N mice and 20 male Parkin knockout (Parkin-/-) C57BL/6N mice were assigned to 4 groups and orally exposed to AFB1 at 0, 1, 0, and 1 mg/kg BW for 28 days. The results revealed that Parkin-/- suppressed mitophagy and exacerbated kidney damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis under AFB1 exposure. The aforementioned evidences demonstrate that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is activated by AFB1 and protects against kidney damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Huang S, Hong Z, Zhang L, Guo J, Li Y, Li K. CERKL alleviates ischemia reperfusion-induced nervous system injury through modulating the SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin pathway and mitophagy induction. Biol Chem 2022; 403:691-701. [PMID: 35238502 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that Ceramide Kinase-Like Protein (CERKL)was expressed in the nerve cells and could regulate autophagy. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is the regulator of the mitophagy, which can be stabilized by CERKL. Furthermore, the study also revealed that the SIRT1 induced mitophagy by activating PINK1/Parkin signaling. Therefore, we speculated that CERKL has potential to activate the SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin pathway to induce mitophagy. In this study, cerebral ischemia reperfusion mouse model was established. CERKL was overexpressed in those mice and human neuroblastoma cells. Tunel staining and flow cytometry were applied for the detection of cell apoptosis. The ratios of LC3Ⅱ to LC3Ⅰ and the expression of LC3Ⅱ in mitochondria were determined by gel electrophoresis. Overexpression of CERKL alleviated the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and damage to OGD/R human neuroblastoma cells. Overexpression of CERKL enhanced the expression of LC3 Ⅱ in mitochondria and induced occurrence of mitophagy. Overexpression of CERKL promoted the stability of SIRT1 and facilitated the expression of PINK1 and Parkin in those cells. Knockdown of PINK1 impeded the mitophagy and suppressed the expression of LC3 Ⅱ in mitochondria. It can be concluded that CERKL alleviated the ischemia reperfusion induced nervous system injury through inducing mitophagy in a SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyue Huang
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Western Road, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Western Road, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Leguo Zhang
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Western Road, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Western Road, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Western Road, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Kuo Li
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Western Road, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
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22
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Redman CW, Staff AC, Roberts JM. Syncytiotrophoblast stress in preeclampsia: the convergence point for multiple pathways. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S907-S927. [PMID: 33546842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia evolves in 2 stages: a placental problem that generates signals to the mother to cause a range of responses that comprise the second stage (preeclampsia syndrome). The first stage of early-onset preeclampsia is poor placentation, which we here call malplacentation. The spiral arteries are incompletely remodeled, leading to later placental malperfusion, relatively early in the second half of pregnancy. The long duration of the first stage (several months) is unsurprisingly associated with fetal growth restriction. The first stage of late-onset preeclampsia, approximately 80% of total cases, is shorter (several weeks) and part of a process that is common to all pregnancies. Placental function declines as it outgrows uterine capacity, with increasing chorionic villous packing, compression of the intervillous space, and fetal hypoxia, and causes late-onset clinical presentations such as "unexplained" stillbirths, late-onset fetal growth restriction, or preeclampsia. The second stages of early- and late-onset preeclampsia share syncytiotrophoblast stress as the most relevant feature that causes the maternal syndrome. Syncytiotrophoblast stress signals in the maternal circulation are probably the most specific biomarkers for preeclampsia. In addition, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (mainly produced by syncytiotrophoblast) is the best-known biomarker and is routinely used in clinical practice in many locations. How the stress signals change over time in normal pregnancies indicates that syncytiotrophoblast stress begins on average at 30 to 32 weeks' gestation and progresses to term. At term, syncytiotrophoblast shows increasing markers of stress, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, syncytial knots, and necrosis. We label this phenotype the "twilight placenta" and argue that it accounts for the clinical problems of postmature pregnancies. Senescence as a stress response differs in multinuclear syncytiotrophoblast from that of mononuclear cells. Syncytiotrophoblast irreversibly acquires part of the senescence phenotype (cell cycle arrest) when it is formed by cell fusion. The 2 pathways converge on the common pathologic endpoint, syncytiotrophoblast stress, and contribute to preeclampsia subtypes. We highlight that the well-known heterogeneity of the preeclampsia syndrome arises from different pathways to this common endpoint, influenced by maternal genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors with different fetal and maternal responses to the ensuing insults. This complexity mandates a reassessment of our approach to predicting and preventing preeclampsia, and we summarize research priorities to maximize what we can learn about these important issues.
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Li G, Li J, Shao R, Zhao J, Chen M. FUNDC1: A Promising Mitophagy Regulator at the Mitochondria-Associated Membrane for Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:788634. [PMID: 35096821 PMCID: PMC8797154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy (or mitophagy) regulates the mitochondrial network and function to contribute to multiple cellular processes. The protective effect of homeostatic mitophagy in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has attracted increasing attention. FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1), an identified mitophagy receptor, plays an essential role in CVDs. Different expression levels of FUNDC1 and its phosphorylated state at different sites alleviate or exacerbate hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, or metabolic damage through promotion or inhibition of mitophagy. In addition, FUNDC1 can be enriched at contact sites between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), determining the formation of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) that regulate cellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics to prevent heart dysfunction. Moreover, FUNDC1 has also been involved in inflammatory cardiac diseases such as septic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we collect and summarize the evidence on the roles of FUNDC1 exclusively in various CVDs, describing its interactions with different cellular organelles, its involvement in multiple cellular processes, and its associated signaling pathways. FUNDC1 may become a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and management of various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruochen Shao
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Honokiol improves cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice through activating mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109741. [PMID: 34752757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activated mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has been reported to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction, which is closely related to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Honokiol (HKL, C18H18O2) is a kind of natural extraction from bark of Magnolia officinalis with anti-AD effect, and our study aims to explore the effect of HKL on mitophagy and UPRmt in AD. Briefly, male APP/PS1 mice and Aβ oligmer (AβO)-treated primary hippocampal neurons were respectively used to mimic AD in vivo and in vitro. It was determined that HKL significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment and synaptic damages in APP/PS1 mice. Besides, the activated mitophagy and UPRmt together with inhibited oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial dynamic disorder were further validated in hippocampus of HKL-treated APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, HKL-treated mice displayed much higher hippocampal expression and activity of mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Therefore, SIRT3 knockdown was further achieved in primary hippocampal neurons by effective shRNA, and we determined that HKL improved synaptic damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy and UPRmt in AβO-treated primary hippocampal neurons in a SIRT3-dependent manner. In summary, our study validates the protective effect of HKL on AD, and highlights that HKL exerts anti-AD effect by activating mitophagy and UPRmt.
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25
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Ma N, Wei Z, Hu J, Gu W, Ci X. Farrerol Ameliorated Cisplatin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Through Mitophagy Induction via Nrf2/PINK1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768700. [PMID: 34858188 PMCID: PMC8631930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, Our study has showed that farrerol can activate Nrf2 and ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Mitophagy reportedly can prevent diabetic nephropathy, cisplatin-induced AKI and other related nephropathy. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between mitophagy and the protective effect of the Nrf2 activator farrerol on cisplatin-induced CKD by using C57BL/6 wild-type and Nrf2 knockout mice. We confirmed that Nrf2 and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy was significantly increased on the 3rd day of cisplatin stimulation but was reduced on the 38th day of cisplatin stimulation. Similar to previous results, farrerol activated Nrf2 on the 38th day of cisplatin administration, subsequently stimulating the Nrf2-targeted antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO1. In addition, farrerol triggered PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy by recruiting the receptor proteins LC3 and p62/SQSTM1, thereby eliminating damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, genetic deletion of Nrf2 reduced PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy activation and led to increased renal tubular necrosis and renal fibrosis. We also found that farrerol alleviated inflammation and renal fibrosis by inhibiting p-NF-κB/NLRP3 and TGF-β/Smad signaling. These data indicated that farrerol effectively inhibited cisplatin-induced inflammation and renal fibrosis by activating Nrf2 and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which provides a potential novel therapeutic target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhentong Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjing Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Ci
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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Wang YZ, Zhao YQ, Wang YM, Zhao WH, Wang P, Chi CF, Wang B. Antioxidant peptides from Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) hydrolysate: Preparation, identification and cytoprotection on H2O2-induced oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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27
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Lukyanova L, Germanova E, Khmil N, Pavlik L, Mikheeva I, Shigaeva M, Mironova G. Signaling Role of Mitochondrial Enzymes and Ultrastructure in the Formation of Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8636. [PMID: 34445340 PMCID: PMC8395493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was the first comprehensive investigation of the dependence of mitochondrial enzyme response (catalytic subunits of mitochondrial complexes (MC) I-V, including NDUFV2, SDHA, Cyt b, COX1 and ATP5A) and mitochondrial ultrastructure in the rat cerebral cortex (CC) on the severity and duration of in vivo hypoxic exposures. The role of individual animal's resistance to hypoxia was also studied. The respiratory chain (RC) was shown to respond to changes in environmental [O2] as follows: (a) differential reaction of mitochondrial enzymes, which depends on the severity of the hypoxic exposure and which indicates changes in the content and catalytic properties of mitochondrial enzymes, both during acute and multiple exposures; and (b) ultrastructural changes in mitochondria, which reflect various degrees of mitochondrial energization. Within a specific range of reduced O2 concentrations, activation of the MC II is a compensatory response supporting the RC electron transport function. In this process, MC I develops new kinetic properties, and its function recovers in hypoxia by reprograming the RC substrate site. Therefore, the mitochondrial RC performs as an in vivo molecular oxygen sensor. Substantial differences between responses of rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Lukyanova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltijskaya Str. 8., 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elita Germanova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltijskaya Str. 8., 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalya Khmil
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Lybov Pavlik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Irina Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Shigaeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Galina Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.); (L.P.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
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Huang YJ, Klionsky DJ. Yeast mitophagy: Unanswered questions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129932. [PMID: 34022298 PMCID: PMC8205991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Superfluous and damaged mitochondria need to be efficiently repaired or removed. Mitophagy is a selective type of autophagy that can engulf a portion of mitochondria within a double-membrane structure, called a mitophagosome, and deliver it to the vacuole for degradation. Mitophagy has significant physiological functions from yeast to human, and recent advances in yeast mitophagy shed light on the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy, especially the regulation of mitophagy induction. This review summarizes our current knowledge about yeast mitophagy and considers several unsolved questions, with a particular focus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang J Huang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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29
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Wu X, Li J, Wang S, Jiang L, Sun X, Liu X, Yao X, Zhang C, Wang N, Yang G. 2-Undecanone Protects against Fine Particle-Induced Kidney Inflammation via Inducing Mitophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5206-5215. [PMID: 33877841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter has been associated with diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Owing to the dense vasculature of the kidney, it has also been identified as a PM2.5 target organ. A potential contributor to PM2.5-mediated damage may be the promotion of inflammation. The essential oil 2-undecanone (2-methyl nonyl ketone) is an H. cordata isolate, and it has been shown to possess diverse pharmacologic effects, including anti-inflammatory properties. In this study we explored the ability of 2-undecanone to protect against PM2.5-induced kidney inflammation and the exact mechanisms in this process. We found that PM2.5 elevated the levels of certain inflammatory cytokines in BALB/c mice and in HEK 293 cells. Supplementation with 2-undecanone attenuated this PM2.5-induced inflammatory injury. Interestingly, in HEK 293 cells, the PM2.5-associated inflammation was aggravated by the mitophagy inhibitor Medivi-1, while it was attenuated by rapamycin, indicating that the mechanism of 2-undecanone-mediated inhibition of inflammation may relate to mitophagy. Meanwhile, 2-undecanone induces mitophagy in HEK 293 cells by suppressing Akt1-mTOR signaling. These results indicate that PM2.5 can induce kidney inflammation, and mitophagy induced by 2-undecanone may play a protective role against this renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases, Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases, Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases, Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
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30
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Common Principles and Specific Mechanisms of Mitophagy from Yeast to Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094363. [PMID: 33922020 PMCID: PMC8122514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells essential to a variety of cellular functions including energy conversion and ATP production, iron-sulfur biogenesis, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and regulating apoptosis and stress responses. Mitochondrial dysfunction is mechanistically linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing. Excessive and dysfunctional/damaged mitochondria are degraded by selective autophagic pathways known as mitophagy. Both budding yeast and mammals use the well-conserved machinery of core autophagy-related genes (ATGs) to execute and regulate mitophagy. In mammalian cells, the PINK1-PARKIN mitophagy pathway is a well-studied pathway that senses dysfunctional mitochondria and marks them for degradation in the lysosome. PINK1-PARKIN mediated mitophagy relies on ubiquitin-binding mitophagy adaptors that are non-ATG proteins. Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN are linked to Parkinson´s disease (PD) in humans, and defective mitophagy is proposed to be a main pathomechanism. Despite the common view that yeast cells lack PINK1- and PARKIN-homologs and that mitophagy in yeast is solely regulated by receptor-mediated mitophagy, some studies suggest that a ubiquitination-dependent mitophagy pathway also exists. Here, we will discuss shared mechanisms between mammals and yeast, how mitophagy in the latter is regulated in a ubiquitin-dependent and -independent manner, and why these pathways are essential for yeast cell survival and fitness under various physiological stress conditions.
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Marques-Aleixo I, Beleza J, Sampaio A, Stevanović J, Coxito P, Gonçalves I, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Physical Exercise in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:674-693. [PMID: 32159378 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence and incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) tend to increase along with the enhanced average of the world life expectancy. NDDs are a major cause of morbidity and disability, affecting the health care, social and economic systems with a significant impact. Critical Issues and Recent Advances: Despite the worldwide burden of NDDs and the ongoing research efforts to increase the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in NDD pathophysiologies, pharmacological therapies have been presenting merely narrow benefits. On the contrary, absent of detrimental side effects but growing merits, regular physical exercise (PE) has been considered a prone pleiotropic nonpharmacological alternative able to modulate brain structure and function, thereby stimulating a healthier and "fitness" neurological phenotype. Future Directions: This review summarizes the state of the art of some peripheral and central-related mechanisms that underlie the impact of PE on brain plasticity as well as its relevance for the prevention and/or treatment of NDDs. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better clarify the molecular signaling pathways associated with muscle contractions-related myokines release and its plausible positive effects in the brain. In addition, particular focus of research should address the role of PE in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Marques-Aleixo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lusofona University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaldina Sampaio
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jelena Stevanović
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
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Praharaj PP, Patro BS, Bhutia SK. Dysregulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in cancer stem cells: Novel mechanism for anti-cancer stem cell-targeted cancer therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:5015-5035. [PMID: 33527371 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential of cancer medicine, cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated with chemoresistance and disease recurrence are the significant challenges currently opposing the efficacy of available cancer treatment options. Mitochondrial dynamics involving the fission-fusion cycle and mitophagy are the major contributing factors to better adaptation, enabling CSCs to survive and grow better under tumour micro-environment-associated stress. Moreover, mitophagy is balanced with mitochondrial biogenesis to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in CSCs, which are necessary for the growth and maintenance of CSCs and regulate metabolic switching from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we discuss different aspects of mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis and their effects on modulating CSCs behaviour during cancer development. Moreover, the efficacy of pharmacological targeting of these cellular processes using anti-CSC drugs in combination with currently available chemotherapeutic drugs improves the patient's survival of aggressive cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | | | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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Teixeira J, Basit F, Willems PHGM, Wagenaars JA, van de Westerlo E, Amorim R, Cagide F, Benfeito S, Oliveira C, Borges F, Oliveira PJ, Koopman WJH. Mitochondria-targeted phenolic antioxidants induce ROS-protective pathways in primary human skin fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:314-324. [PMID: 33359686 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical antioxidants like gallic and caffeic acid are constituents of the normal human diet that display beneficial health effects, potentially via activating stress response pathways. Using primary human skin fibroblasts (PHSFs) as a model, we here investigated whether such pathways were induced by novel mitochondria-targeted variants of gallic acid (AntiOxBEN2) and caffeic acid (AntiOxCIN4). Both molecules reduced cell viability with similar kinetics and potency (72 h incubation, IC50 ~23 μM). At a relatively high but non-toxic concentration (12.5 μM), AntiOxBEN2 and AntiOxCIN4 increased ROS levels (at 24 h), followed by a decline (at 72 h). Further analysis at the 72 h timepoint demonstrated that AntiOxBEN2 and AntiOxCIN4 did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), but increased cellular glutathione (GSH) levels, mitochondrial NAD(P)H autofluorescence, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) protein levels. In contrast, cytosolic SOD1 protein levels were not affected. AntiOxBEN2 and AntiOxCIN4 both stimulated the gene expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2; a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response toward oxidative stress). AntiOxBEN2 and ANtiOxCIN4 differentially affected the gene expression of the antioxidants Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) 1 (NQO1). Both antioxidants did not protect from cell death induced by GSH depletion and AntiOxBEN2 (but not AntiOxCIN4) antagonized hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. We conclude that AntiOxBEN2 and AntiOxCIN4 increase ROS levels, which stimulates NRF2 expression and, as a consequence, SOD2 and GSH levels. This highlights that AntiOxBEN2 and AntiOxCIN4 can act as prooxidants thereby activating endogenous ROS-protective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Teixeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal; CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (UP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Farhan Basit
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jori A Wagenaars
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Els van de Westerlo
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Amorim
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal; CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (UP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (UP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (UP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (UP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (UP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Liu HP, Liao Y, Ren MZ, Quan ZJ, Wang XC. Synthesis, structural characterization, molecular docking study, biological activity of carbon monoxide release molecules as potent antitumor agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104621. [PMID: 33465671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two series of novel carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) containing Co were designed and synthesized. The synthesized complexes were characterized by IR, ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The antitumor activity of all complexes on HepG2 cells, Hela cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were assayed by MTT. IC50 values of complexes 1-13 were 4.7-548.6 µM. Among these complexes, complex 1 was presented with a high selectivity to HepG2 cells (IC50 = 4.7 ± 0.76 μM). Compared with iCORM (inactive CORM), CORM (complex 1) showed a remarkable activity against tumor cells owing to co-effect of CO and the ligand of COX-2 inhibitor. In addition, complex 1 increased ROS in mitochondria and caused a decrease of dose-dependent mitochondrial membrane potential against HepG2 cells. Complex 1 down-regulated the expression of COX-2 protein in western blot analysis. The molecular docking study suggested that the complex 1 formed a hydrogen bond with amino acid R120 in the active site of the Human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, the complex 1 could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells through targeting COX-2 and mitochondria pathways, and it maybe a potential therapeutic agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, Gansu 744000, PR China
| | - Yuan Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhe Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China.
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China.
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Kim YJ, Choo OS, Lee JS, Jang JH, Woo HG, Choung YH. BCL2 Interacting Protein 3-like/NIX-mediated Mitophagy Plays an Important Role in the Process of Age-related Hearing Loss. Neuroscience 2020; 455:39-51. [PMID: 33346118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy is essential for cell survival and cochlear functions. However, it is not clear which genes are significantly involved in this process. Here, we investigated the changes in mitophagy and mitophagy-associated genes in mouse auditory cells to determine a possible correlation between mitophagy and age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Here, we show that most transcripts associated with mitophagy were downregulated in an age-dependent manner. We identified one significant differentially expressed gene associated with mitophagy, BCL2 interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L)/NIX. Mitophagy-inhibited cells with BNIP3L/NIX knockdown showed hyperresponsiveness to oxidative stress resulting in cell senescence with increased levels of TOMM20 and LC3B. Overexpression of BNIP3L/NIX promotes the degradation of TOMM20 and LC3B during premature cell senescence. In conclusion, BNIP3L/NIX may play an important role in mitochondria degradation maintaining cochlear cell homeostasis during the aging process of hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oak-Sung Choo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Sarkar N, Das B, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Arsenal of Phytochemicals to Combat Against Arsenic-Induced Mitochondrial Stress and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1230-1256. [PMID: 31813247 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Phytochemicals are important dietary constituents with antioxidant properties. They affect various signaling pathways involved in the overall maintenance of interior milieu of the cell. Arsenic, an environmental toxicant, is well known for its deleterious consequences, such as various diseases, including cancers in humans. Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouse that fuel all metabolic energy requirements. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to stressors may lead to abnormal functioning of the organelle, hampering the crucial cellular cross talks and ultimately leading to cancer. Application of phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial disorders may be a preventive measure to counteract the ruinous impacts of the metalloid. Recent Advances: In recent years, extensive research on the role of mitochondria in cancer gives a better understanding of the areas the organelle covers in maintaining a healthy cell or in inducing carcinogenicity. Detailed knowledge of the mitochondrial governances would enable researchers to administer numerous phytochemicals to ameliorate altered oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, glycolysis, or even apoptosis. Critical Issues: In this review, we have addressed how various phytochemicals belonging to diverse classes combat against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, depletion of MMP, cell cycle abrogation, apoptosis, glycolytic damages, oncogenic regulations, chaperones, mitochondrial complexes, and mitochondrial membrane pore formation in both in vitro and in vivo models. Future Directions: Insightful application of mitoprotective phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and carcinogenesis may guide researchers to develop preclinical chemopreventive agents to fight arsenic toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sarkar
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Bornita Das
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Sun C, Wu X, Bai HX, Wang C, Liu Z, Yang C, Lu Y, Jiang P. OPA1 haploinsufficiency due to a novel splicing variant resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction without mitochondrial DNA depletion. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 42:45-52. [PMID: 33251885 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1849313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: To identify and investigate the effects of a novel splicing variant, c.1444-2A>C of OPA1, on its transcript, translation, and mitochondrial function, which was found in an 8-year-old patient with dominantly inherited optic atrophy (DOA). Materials and Methods: The clinical evaluations were performed at the Eye Center. Lymphoblast cell lines were generated from the patient, mother, and a normal control with the same haplotype of mitochondrial genome. The novel variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The splicing alteration of cDNA was checked by both Sanger sequencing and agarose gel. OPA1 expression was carried out by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy was used for mitochondrial morphology. Mitochondrial functions, including the rates of oxygen consumption, ATP generation, ROS product and membrane potential were assayed in lymphoblast cells. Results: The novel OPA1 splicing variant, c.1444-2A>C, led to a deletion of the 15th exon in mRNA transcript. Approximately 50% reduction of mRNA and protein expression was present in mutant cells as compared with controls. No marked depletion of mtDNA nor mitochondrial mass was caused by the splicing variant. However, defects that the impaired capacity of OXPHOS, reduced ATP generation, increased ROS and decreased membrane potential were observed in the mutant cells, which promoted a ubiquitin-binding mitophagy instead of apoptosis. Conclusions: The novel splicing variant, c.1444-2A>C resulted in OPA1 haploinsufficiency effect on its expression and mitochondrial function without mtDNA depletion. Our findings may provide new insights into the understanding of pathophysiology of DOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Sun
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Xia Bai
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Lu
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
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Disruption of Atg7-dependent autophagy causes electromotility disturbances, outer hair cell loss, and deafness in mice. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:913. [PMID: 33099575 PMCID: PMC7585579 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atg7 is an indispensable factor that plays a role in canonical nonselective autophagy. Here we show that genetic ablation of Atg7 in outer hair cells (OHCs) in mice caused stereocilium damage, somatic electromotility disturbances, and presynaptic ribbon degeneration over time, which led to the gradual wholesale loss of OHCs and subsequent early-onset profound hearing loss. Impaired autophagy disrupted OHC mitochondrial function and triggered the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria that would otherwise be eliminated in a timely manner. Atg7-independent autophagy/mitophagy processes could not compensate for Atg7 deficiency and failed to rescue the terminally differentiated, non-proliferating OHCs. Our results show that OHCs orchestrate intricate nonselective and selective autophagic/mitophagy pathways working in concert to maintain cellular homeostasis. Overall, our results demonstrate that Atg7-dependent autophagy plays a pivotal cytoprotective role in preserving OHCs and maintaining hearing function.
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39
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Xiao Y, Lu C, Xiao F. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission contributes to Cr(VI)-induced mitophagy and hepatotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110928. [PMID: 32888618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is seriously harmful to ecosystems and living organisms due to its strong toxicity. Role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and Drp1-associated mitochondrial fragmentation in mitophagy and cytotoxicity after Cr(VI) exposure has not been clarified so far. We confirmed that Cr(VI) caused mitochondrial fission by up-regulating Drp1 expression and enhancing Drp1 mitochondrial translocation. By applying the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist BAPTA-AM and mitochondrial Ca2+ antagonist Ru360, we demonstrated that Cr(VI)-induced excessive mitochondrial fission was in a Ca2+-Drp1 dependent manner. The administration of Drp1 siRNA significantly suppressed the overactivation of mitophagy in Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity. The specific Drp1 inhibitor mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) blocked the overactive mitophagy and subsequently ameliorated hepatotoxicity caused by Cr(VI) in vivo. We reached the conclusion that Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission contributes to Cr(VI)-induced mitophagy and hepatotoxicity, which may provide experimental basis for the study of chromium-associated toxicity, especially for the prevention of health damage in chromium-exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Chan Lu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China.
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40
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Stucki D, Stahl W. Carbon monoxide – beyond toxicity? Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:251-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Dietary Mitophagy Enhancer: A Strategy for Healthy Brain Aging? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100932. [PMID: 33003315 PMCID: PMC7600282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, nutritional interventions have received attention as promising approaches to promote human health during a lifespan. The Mediterranean and Okinawan diets have been associated with longevity and decreasing risk for age-related diseases in contrast to the Western diet. The effect might be due to several antioxidative bioactive compounds highly consumed in both diets, namely, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, curcumin, and spermidine. This review aims to address the underlying mechanisms of these compounds to enhance mental fitness throughout life with a focus on brain mitophagy. Mitophagy is the autophagic clearance of dysfunctional, redundant, and aged mitochondria. In aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mitophagy is crucial to preserve the autophagy mechanism of the whole cell, especially during oxidative stress. Growing evidence indicates that curcumin, astaxanthin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and spermidine might exert protective functions via antioxidative properties and as well the enhanced induction of mitophagy mediators. The compounds seem to upregulate mitophagy and thereby alleviate the clearance of dysfunctional and aged mitochondria as well as mitogenesis. Thus, the Mediterranean or Okinawan diet could represent a feasible nutritional approach to reduce the risk of developing age-related cognitive impairment and corresponding disorders via the stimulation of mitophagy and thereby ensure a balanced redox state of brain cells.
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42
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Alsina D, Lytovchenko O, Schab A, Atanassov I, Schober FA, Jiang M, Koolmeister C, Wedell A, Taylor RW, Wredenberg A, Larsson NG. FBXL4 deficiency increases mitochondrial removal by autophagy. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11659. [PMID: 32525278 PMCID: PMC7338799 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in FBXL4 cause a severe encephalopathic syndrome associated with mtDNA depletion and deficient oxidative phosphorylation. To gain further insight into the enigmatic pathophysiology caused by FBXL4 deficiency, we generated homozygous Fbxl4 knockout mice and found that they display a predominant perinatal lethality. Surprisingly, the few surviving animals are apparently normal until the age of 8–12 months when they gradually develop signs of mitochondrial dysfunction and weight loss. One‐year‐old Fbxl4 knockouts show a global reduction in a variety of mitochondrial proteins and mtDNA depletion, whereas lysosomal proteins are upregulated. Fibroblasts from patients with FBXL4 deficiency and human FBXL4 knockout cells also have reduced steady‐state levels of mitochondrial proteins that can be attributed to increased mitochondrial turnover. Inhibition of lysosomal function in these cells reverses the mitochondrial phenotype, whereas proteasomal inhibition has no effect. Taken together, the results we present here show that FBXL4 prevents mitochondrial removal via autophagy and that loss of FBXL4 leads to decreased mitochondrial content and mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alsina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Lytovchenko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Schab
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilian Atanassov
- Proteomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germnay
| | - Florian A Schober
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Camilla Koolmeister
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Stucki D, Krahl H, Walter M, Steinhausen J, Hommel K, Brenneisen P, Stahl W. Effects of frequently applied carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) in typical CO-sensitive model systems - A comparative in vitro study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 687:108383. [PMID: 32335048 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous signaling molecule and is generated enzymatically by heme oxygenases upon degradation of heme to billiverdin. Target structures for intracellular produced CO are heme proteins including cytochrome c oxidase of the respiratory chain, cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, or myoglobin. For studies on CO signaling, CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) of different structure are available. Here, three frequently used CORMs (CORM-2, CORM-3 and CORM-401) were studied for their properties to provide CO in biological test systems and address susceptible heme proteins. CO release was investigated in the myoglobin binding assay and found to be rapid (<5 min) with CORM-2- and CORM-3, whereas CORM-401 continuously provided CO (>50 min). Storage stability of CORM stock solutions was also assessed with the myoglobin assay. Only CORM-401 stock solutions were stable over a period of 7 days. Incubation of CORMs with recombinant cytochrome P450 led to an inhibition of enzyme activity. However, only CORM-3 and CORM-401 proved to be suitable in this test system because controls with the inactivated CORM-2 (iCORM-2) also led to a loss of enzyme activity. The impact of CORMs on the respiratory chain was investigated with high resolution respirometry and extracellular flux technology. In the first approach interferences of CORM-2 and CORM-3 with oxygen measurement occurred, since a rapid depletion of oxygen was detected in the medium even when no cells were present. However, CORM-401 did not interfere with oxygen measurement and the expected inhibition of cellular respiration was observed. CORM-2 was not suitable for use in oxygen measurements with the extracellular flux technology and CORM-3 application did not show any effect in this system. However, CO-dependent inhibition of cellular respiration was observed with CORM-401. Based on the present experiments it is concluded, that CORM-401 produced most reliable CO-specific results for the modulation of typical CO targets. For studies on CO-dependent biological effects on intracellular heme groups, CORM-2 and CORM-3 were less suitable. Depending on the experimental setting, data achieved with these compounds should be evaluated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heide Krahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhausen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Hommel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Postfach 10 10 07, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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44
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Turkseven S, Bolognesi M, Brocca A, Pesce P, Angeli P, Di Pascoli M. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone attenuates liver inflammation and fibrosis in cirrhotic rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G298-G304. [PMID: 31813234 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00135.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In liver cirrhosis, oxidative stress plays a major role in promoting liver inflammation and fibrosis. Mitochondria dysregulation is responsible for excessive reactive oxygen species production. Therefore, in an experimental model of cirrhosis, we investigated the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone. Liver cirrhosis was induced in Spraque-Dawley rats by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Mitoquinone (10 mg·kg-1·day-1, oral gavage) or vehicle was administered from 3rd to 28th day after CBDL, when animals were euthanized; liver oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, mitophagy were evaluated; and in vivo and ex vivo hemodynamic studies were performed. In cirrhotic rats, mitoquinone prevented liver inflammation, hepatocyte necrosis, and fibrosis at histological examination; decreased circulating TNF-α, gene expression of transforming growth factor-β1, collagen type 1a1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-13; and reduced hepatic oxidative stress, as shown by reduced oxidative carbonylation of the proteins, by modulating antioxidants catalase, Mn superoxide dismutase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, mitoquinone attenuated apoptosis by reducing hepatic protein expression of cleaved caspase-3. A selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria was improved by mitoquinone, as shown by the increase in Parkin translocation to mitochondria. Treatment with mitoquinone normalized the weight of the spleen; however, it increased portal blood flow and reduced splenic artery intrahepatic resistance, suggesting an effect on resistance index. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone improves liver inflammation and fibrosis in cirrhotic rats by reducing hepatic oxidative stress, preventing apoptosis, and promoting removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. Therefore, it may represent a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Turkseven
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Massimo Bolognesi
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brocca
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pesce
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Pascoli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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45
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Seabright AP, Lai YC. Regulatory Roles of PINK1-Parkin and AMPK in Ubiquitin-Dependent Skeletal Muscle Mitophagy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:608474. [PMID: 33343399 PMCID: PMC7744660 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.608474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective removal of damaged mitochondria, also known as mitophagy, is an important mechanism that regulates mitochondrial quality control. Evidence suggests that mitophagy is adversely affected in aged skeletal muscle, and this is thought to contribute toward the age-related decline of muscle health. While our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate mitophagy are derived mostly from work in non-muscle cells, whether these mechanisms are conferred in muscle under physiological conditions has not been thoroughly investigated. Recent findings from our laboratory and those of others have made several novel contributions to this field. Herein, we consolidate current literature, including our recent work, while evaluating how ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy is regulated both in muscle and non-muscle cells through the steps of mitochondrial fission, ubiquitylation, and autophagosomal engulfment. During ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy in non-muscle cells, mitochondrial depolarization activates PINK1-Parkin signaling to elicit mitochondrial ubiquitylation. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) then activates autophagy receptors, which in turn, tether ubiquitylated mitochondria to autophagosomes prior to lysosomal degradation. In skeletal muscle, evidence supporting the involvement of PINK1-Parkin signaling in mitophagy is lacking. Instead, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is emerging as a critical regulator. Mechanistically, AMPK activation promotes mitochondrial fission before enhancing autophagosomal engulfment of damaged mitochondria possibly via TBK1. While TBK1 may be a point of convergence between PINK1-Parkin and AMPK signaling in muscle, the critical question that remains is: whether mitochondrial ubiquitylation is required for mitophagy. In future, improving understanding of molecular processes that regulate mitophagy in muscle will help to develop novel strategies to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Seabright
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Chiang Lai
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Mitochondrial Profiling Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Yu-Chiang Lai,
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Sies H, Reichert AS. Selectively Addressing Mitochondrial Glutathione and Thioredoxin Redox Systems. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:316-318. [PMID: 30901559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial matrix is a prominent place in redox biology. It contains mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH), pivotal for maintaining redox homeostasis. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Booty et al., (2019) introduce mitoCDNB, which depletes the mGSH pool, creating new avenues of organellar redox research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ma Y, Yu H, Liu W, Qin Y, Xing R, Li P. Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis reveals the antifungal mechanism of the C-coordinated O-carboxymethyl chitosan Cu(II) complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 155:1491-1509. [PMID: 31751736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With wide application in agriculture, copper fungicides have undergone three stages of development: inorganic copper, synthetic organic copper, and natural organic copper. Using chitin/chitosan (CS) as a substrate, the natural organic copper fungicide C-coordinated O-carboxymethyl chitosan Cu(II) complex (O-CSLn-Cu) was developed in the laboratory. Taking Phytophthora capsici Leonian as an example, we explored the antifungal mechanism of O-CSLn-Cu by combining tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics with non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. A total of 1172 differentially expressed proteins were identified by proteomics analysis. According to the metabolomics analysis, 93 differentially metabolites were identified. Acetyl-CoA-related and membrane localized proteins showed significant differences in the proteomics analysis. Most of the differential expressed metabolites were distributed in the cytoplasm, followed by mitochondria. The integrated analysis revealed that O-CSLn-Cu could induce the "Warburg effect", with increased glycolysis in the cytoplasm and decreased metabolism in the mitochondria. Therefore, P. capsici Leonian had to compensate for ATP loss in the TCA cycle by increasing the glycolysis rate. However, this metabolic shift could not prevent the death of P. capsici Leonian. To verify this hypothesis, a series of biological experiments, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and enzyme activity measurements were carried out. The results suggest that O-CSLn-Cu causes mitochondrial injury, which consequently leads to excessive ROS levels and insufficient ATP levels, thereby killing P. capsici Leonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Weixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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48
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Li N, Zhan X. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Pathway Networks and Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Pathogenesis of Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:690. [PMID: 31649621 PMCID: PMC6794370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion is a multi-functional organelle, which is associated with various signaling pathway networks, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, cell cycles, autophagy, and immunity process. Mitochondrial proteins have been discovered to modulate these signaling pathway networks, and multiple biological behaviors to adapt to various internal environments or signaling events of human pathogenesis. Accordingly, mitochondrial dysfunction that alters the bioenergetic and biosynthetic state might contribute to multiple diseases, including cell transformation and tumor. Multiomics studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell cycle dysregulation signaling pathways operate in human pituitary adenomas, which suggest mitochondria play critical roles in pituitary adenomas. Some drugs targeting mitochondria are found as a therapeutic strategy for pituitary adenomas, including melatonin, melatonin inhibitors, temozolomide, pyrimethamine, 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, gossypol acetate, Yougui pill, T-2 toxin, grifolic acid, cyclosporine A, dopamine agonists, and paeoniflorin. This article reviews the latest experimental evidence and potential biological roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial dynamics in pituitary adenoma progression, potential molecular mechanisms between mitochondria and pituitary adenoma progression, and current status and perspectives of mitochondria-based biomarkers and targeted drugs for effective management of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Rodriguez AM, Nakhle J, Griessinger E, Vignais ML. Intercellular mitochondria trafficking highlighting the dual role of mesenchymal stem cells as both sensors and rescuers of tissue injury. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:712-721. [PMID: 29582715 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1445906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that not only regulate the energy metabolism, but also the survival and fate of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria were recently discovered to be able to translocate from one cell to the other. This phenomenon was observed in vitro and in vivo, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions including tissue injury and cancer. Mitochondria trafficking was found to exert prominent biological functions. In particular, several studies pointed out that this process governs some of the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge on MSC-dependent intercellular mitochondria trafficking and further discuss the recent findings on the intercellular mitochondria transfer between differentiated and mesenchymal stem cells, their biological significance and the mechanisms underlying this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- a Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC , Créteil , France
| | - Jean Nakhle
- b Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS , Montpellier , France
| | - Emmanuel Griessinger
- c Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M). Team 4 Leukemia: Molecular addictions, Resistances and Leukemic Stem Cells
| | - Marie-Luce Vignais
- d Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM , France
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Kondadi AK, Anand R, Reichert AS. Functional Interplay between Cristae Biogenesis, Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitochondrial DNA Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174311. [PMID: 31484398 PMCID: PMC6747513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles involved in a plethora of cellular processes such as energy conversion, calcium homeostasis, heme biogenesis, regulation of apoptosis and ROS reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although they are frequently depicted as static bean-shaped structures, our view has markedly changed over the past few decades as many studies have revealed a remarkable dynamicity of mitochondrial shapes and sizes both at the cellular and intra-mitochondrial levels. Aberrant changes in mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure are associated with ageing and numerous human diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, various neurodegenerative diseases, types of neuro- and myopathies). Another unique feature of mitochondria is that they harbor their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MtDNA exists in several hundreds to thousands of copies per cell and is arranged and packaged in the mitochondrial matrix in structures termed mt-nucleoids. Many human diseases are mechanistically linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of the number and/or the integrity of mtDNA. In particular, several recent studies identified remarkable and partly unexpected links between mitochondrial structure, fusion and fission dynamics, and mtDNA. In this review, we will provide an overview about these recent insights and aim to clarify how mitochondrial dynamics, cristae ultrastructure and mtDNA structure influence each other and determine mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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