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Olakunde BO, Folala-Anoemuah Y, Ujam C, Ndukwe CD, Olaifa Y, Yahaya HB, Bello H, Ogundipe A. Awareness and uptake of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among adolescent and young key populations in Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the 2020 Integrated Biological & Behavioural Surveillance Survey. AIDS Care 2024; 36:146-152. [PMID: 37683258 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2254547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a critical intervention for HIV prevention among key populations (KP) in Nigeria. However, little is known about its coverage among adolescent and young key populations (AYKP). Using the 2020 Integrated Biological & Behavioural Surveillance Survey conducted among KP, including female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), and transgender people (TG), we assessed the awareness and uptake of PrEP among AYKP (15-24 years) in Nigeria. We performed weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. Of the 6882 AYKP included in this study, 36.1% were aware of PrEP, ranging from 47.9% in MSM to 19.8% in FSW. Compared with FSW, MSM (aOR = 3.7, 95%CI = 3.22-4.35) and TG (aOR = 2.6, 95%CI = 2.18-2.98) had significant higher odds of PrEP awareness. Among those aware of PrEP, 24.5% had ever taken PrEP. The uptake of PrEP varied by KP group: TG (28.1%), MSM (25.3%), PWID (18.0%), and FSW (14.4%). MSM (aOR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.72-4.07) and TG (aOR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.71-4.14) had significant higher odds of PrEP uptake relative to FSW. The awareness and uptake of PrEP among AYKP in Nigeria is low. This calls for more awareness creation about PrEP addressing the barriers that limit its uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babayemi O Olakunde
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Yinka Folala-Anoemuah
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chukwugozie Ujam
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chinwedu D Ndukwe
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
- African Institute of Health Policy and Health Systems, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Yewande Olaifa
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hidayat B Yahaya
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hasiya Bello
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alex Ogundipe
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
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Chime OH, Orji CJ, Aneke TJ, Nwoke IN. Prevalence, Pattern and Predictors of Child Sexual Abuse Among Senior Secondary School Students in Enugu Metropolis. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:123-137. [PMID: 34512137 PMCID: PMC8407794 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a growing public health concern with health, academic and psychosocial implications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, pattern and predictors of CSA among secondary school students. Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out among adolescents in four secondary schools in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 325 adolescents and data was analysed with a significance level set at P ≤ 0.05. Results The prevalence of CSA in this study was 116 (35.7%). While the majority 20 (40%) of the victims were forced to watch pornography, most of the perpetrators were neighbours 34 (29.3%). A higher proportion of the victims were abused once, 79 (68.1%); when they were between 12 and 18 years old, 62 (53.4%); and at home, 39 (33.6%). Grouped ages, whom the child lived with, father’s and mother’s education, and father’s occupation were statistically significant on bivariate analysis. Predictors of CSA were students in senior secondary school Class 2 (SSS2) and those whose fathers were employed. Conclusion Our study revealed a high prevalence of CSA. Comprehensive sexuality education and legislative policies should be implemented to educate adolescents and deter perpetrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye Hope Chime
- Department of Community Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinonyelu Jennie Orji
- Department of Community Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Tonna Jideofor Aneke
- Department of Community Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Ngozi Nwoke
- Department of Community Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Ibrahim K, Juliana AA, Setyorini D, Pramukti I. Internet Usage and Risky Sexual Behavior among High School Students in a Suburban Area of Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Internet has been of great benefit to human life, however, it has some disadvantages which exist particularly among young people.
AIM: Therefore, this study aims to investigate the internet usage and risky sexual behavior among high school students in a suburban area in Indonesia.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out using stratified random sampling in a high school located in a suburban area in West Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, self-administered Modified Internet Sex Screening Test (ISST) questionnaire was applied to measure the risky sexual behavior among the students.
RESULTS: The results showed that based on the overall risky sexual behavior from internet usage, 35 (12.9%), 211 (77.6%), and 26 (9.6%) subjects were at low, medium, and high risk, respectively. Furthermore, the male gender and browsing for sexual content video were discovered to be the significant risk factors associated with risky sexual behavior with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 5.79 (95% CI: 1.15-29.14) and 3.11 (95% CI: 1.03-9.39), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: From the results obtained, it was concluded that the prevalence of risky sexual behavior based on internet usage is high among students. Furthermore, it was discovered that male students need more attention by being involved in healthy sexual education. In addition, the role of policy-maker in filtering the accessible content for students is required.
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Bain LE, Muftugil-Yalcin S, Amoakoh-Coleman M, Zweekhorst MBM, Becquet R, de Cock Buning T. Decision-making preferences and risk factors regarding early adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: stakeholders' and adolescents' perspectives from a vignette-based qualitative study. Reprod Health 2020; 17:141. [PMID: 32917278 PMCID: PMC7488420 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, over half of the adolescent pregnancies recorded are unintended. The decision to continue the pregnancy to term or to opt for an abortion is a constant dilemma that is directly or indirectly influenced by stakeholders and also by the wider social environment. This study aimed at understanding the perceived decision-making preferences and determinants of early adolescent pregnancy in the Jamestown area of Accra in Ghana. METHODS A vignette-based qualitative study design was used. Eight focus group discussions were carried among various purposively selected groups of participants: parents, teachers, adolescent students who had not been pregnant before, and adolescents who had had at least one pregnancy in the past. The vignette was a hypothetical case of a 15-year-old high school student who had not experienced her menses for the past 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Lack of parent-daughter communication, the taboo on discussing sex-related issues in households and weak financial autonomy were considered to be the main contributing factors to the high early adolescent pregnancy rates in the community. Partner readiness to assume responsibility for the girl and the baby was a key consideration in either continuing the pregnancy to term or opting for an abortion. The father was overwhelmingly considered to be the one to take the final decision regarding the pregnancy outcome. Irrespective of the fact that the respondents were very religious, opting for an abortion was considered acceptable under special circumstances, especially if the pregnant adolescent was doing well in school. CONCLUSION Inadequate and inappropriate communication practices around sexuality issues, as well as weak financial autonomy are the major predictors of early adolescent pregnancy in this community. The father is perceived to be the main decision maker regarding a young adolescent's pregnancy outcome. Policy-makers should carefully evaluate the implications of this overwhelming perceived desire for the father to be the final decision-maker regarding adolescent pregnancy outcomes in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchuo Engelbert Bain
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Infectious Diseases in Lower Income Countries (IDLIC) Team, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health (LIIRH), College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK.
| | - Seda Muftugil-Yalcin
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Amoakoh-Coleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Marjolein B M Zweekhorst
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renaud Becquet
- Infectious Diseases in Lower Income Countries (IDLIC) Team, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tjard de Cock Buning
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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David N, Ezechi O, Wapmuk A, Gbajabiamila T, Ohihoin A, Herbertson E, Odeyemi K. Child sexual abuse and disclosure in South Western Nigeria: a community based study. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:199-208. [PMID: 30602944 PMCID: PMC6306988 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The true burden of child sexual abuse in Nigeria is not known as most reports are institutional based. This study was designed to determine population level data on the burden and pattern of child sexual abuse among adolescents in South Western Nigeria. Methods A community based study among adolescents in SouthWestern Nigeria. Semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents selected through a multistage sampling technique. Analysis was with SPSS version 20. Results 398 adolescents (314 females and 84 males) aged 10–19 years with a mean age of 15.6 ± 2.0 years participated in the study. Most were single (90.7%), in school (84.2%), and lived with their parents/guardians (89.4%). The prevalence of CSA was 25.7%. Penetrative abuse occurred in 7.5%, and forced abuse in 46.2% of cases. Perpetrators were mostly boyfriends (31.2%) and neighbours (16.1%). Intra-familial abuse occurred in 7.5% of cases. Only 34.4% of cases ever disclosed the abuse. Conclusion CSA is common in the community, with perpetrators majorly persons known to the adolescents. A large number of cases are not reported. Efforts should be made to educate children and their parents on various ways to reduce child sexual abuse and its consequences.
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Okwaraji FE, Obiechina KI, Onyebueke GC, Udegbunam ON, Nnadum GS. Loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress among out-of-school adolescents in a Nigerian urban city. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018; 23:1106-1112. [PMID: 29792068 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1476726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is the feeling of distress that arises when an individual perceives his or her social relationships as being less satisfying than what is desired. Life satisfaction is a global assessment of an individual's quality of life based on his chosen criteria. This descriptive cross sectional study assessed loneliness, life satisfaction and psychological distress among 480 out of school adolescents using the UCLA loneliness scale, the Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and the General Health questionnaire. Reasons for out of school are poverty (45.0%), eager to do business (30.0%) and death of parents (20.0%). 25.8% experienced frequent loneliness while 24.2% had psychological distress. Findings were discussed in line with literature reviewed and recommendations made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friday E Okwaraji
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , University of Nigeria, Nsukka , Nigeria
| | | | - Godwin C Onyebueke
- b Department of Psychological Medicine , ESUT Teaching hospital Park Lane , Enugu , Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu N Udegbunam
- b Department of Psychological Medicine , ESUT Teaching hospital Park Lane , Enugu , Nigeria
| | - Godfrey S Nnadum
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , University of Nigeria, Nsukka , Nigeria
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Obembe TA, Adebowale AS, Odebunmi KO. Perceived confidence to use female condoms among students in Tertiary Institutions of a Metropolitan City, Southwestern, Nigeria. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:398. [PMID: 28800771 PMCID: PMC5553993 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latex condoms for men have been documented to offer high efficacy as both a contraceptive and protection against sexually transmitted diseases. This equally establishes the importance of continued research on female condoms. This study aims to investigate the perceived confidence to use the female condoms amongst undergraduate female students from selected tertiary institutions from Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria. METHODS The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 388 female undergraduate students selected through a multistage sampling technique. The survey was carried using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to generate frequencies, cross tabulations of variables at 5% level of significance. RESULTS Mean age of respondents 18.26 ± 3.45 with most students being 20-24 years (55.2%), single (92.8%), Yorubas (85.6%) and from the polytechnic institutions (41.0%). Only 10.8% had good perceived confidence to use a female condom. Perceived confidence was significantly higher amongst other ethnicities (19.59 ± 3.827) compared to Yoruba ethnicity (18.04 ± 3.337) (F = 9.935; p < 0.05). Likewise, students from the Polytechnic campuses exhibited significantly higher mean scores (18.81 ± 3.187) compared to others (F = 3.724; p < 0.05). Perception towards the condom was a significant factor that influenced the confidence to use a female condom (F = 9.896; p < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Concerted efforts are advocated to improve the low perception exhibited towards the use of female condoms and the low perceived confidence to its utilization. This would help to transfer the decision making and control to women thus contributing to their empowerment and increased protection from unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo A. Obembe
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ayo S. Adebowale
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde O. Odebunmi
- Department of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Chimah UC, Nnebue CC, Ilika AL, Lawoyin TO. Sexual behavioral pattern, consequences and adopted solutions among senior secondary schools students in a military barracks in Nigeria. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 28:203-10. [PMID: 26488601 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the sexual behavioral pattern, consequences, and adopted solutions among senior secondary schools students in Ojo military barracks, Lagos. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 400 senior secondary schools students in Ojo military barracks, Lagos, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using pre-tested, self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences version 17. Tests of statistical significance were carried out using χ2-test, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The majority of them 391 (97.8%), were in the age group (10-19 years) while the mean age was 15±2.4 for males and 15±2.2 for females, respectively. One hundred and fifty four (38.5%) of the respondents have had penetrative sexual intercourse and were influenced mainly by peer pressure (p=0.0000). Their age at first sexual intercourse ranged between 10-19 years. Ten (6.5%) of the respondents (all males) had their sexual debut with a commercial sex worker. More girls 41 (56.2%) than boys 12 (14.8%), were forced into sexual intercourse (p=0.0000). Over half of the sexually active respondents had at least two sexual partners for either sex. CONCLUSION Findings from this study have shown that young people living in the barracks indulged in sexual activity at very early ages and engaged in risky sexual behavior. We therefore recommend an improved multi-sectoral approach in reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS education.
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Arulogun OS, Ogbu IA, Dipeolu IO. Influence of internet exposure on sexual behaviour of young persons in an urban district of Southwest Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 25:261. [PMID: 28293377 PMCID: PMC5337276 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.261.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proportion of young people exposed to pornographic materials through the internet in Nigeria is increasing. However, the influence of the exposure on their sexual behaviour has not been fully explored. This study therefore explored the effects of internet exposure on the sexual behaviour of young persons in Ibadan North Local Government Area of southwest Nigeria. METHODS A survey of 413 young persons was done using a pretested self-administered questionnaire which included questions on internet exposure and its influence on behaviour. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS Mean age of males was 21.7 ± 3.4 years while that of females was 20.9 ± 3.2 years. Forty-nine percent of the respondents used the internet for the first time between the ages of 15-19 years. Main source of information about the internet was friends (63.3%) and 99.3% accessed the internet from cybercafé. Seventy-two percent had ever stumbled on pornographic sites. Reactions included glancing through before closing (45.2%), closure of the sites (38.5%), and minimizing page to view later (12.5%). Post-exposure influence on behaviour included engagement in oral sex (48.3%), body tattoo (18.3%), having multiple sexual partners (11.6%) and homosexuality (5.0%). More males (95% CI OR =1.245-6.465) and frequent users (95% CI OR =1.168-3.497) were likely to report a change in sexual behaviour. CONCLUSION Internet use was common among the young persons. Interventions aimed at reducing exposure to sexual content on internet targeting young persons especially the males and cybercafé operators are advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyedunni Sola Arulogun
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa Arinze Ogbu
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Family Health International (FHI 360), Monitoring & Evaluation Department, Plot 1073 A-1, Godab Plaza J.S. Tarka Street, Area 3, Garki Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Peter J, Valkenburg PM. Adolescents and Pornography: A Review of 20 Years of Research. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2016; 53:509-31. [PMID: 27105446 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review was to systematize empirical research that was published in peer-reviewed English-language journals between 1995 and 2015 on the prevalence, predictors, and implications of adolescents' use of pornography. This research showed that adolescents use pornography, but prevalence rates varied greatly. Adolescents who used pornography more frequently were male, at a more advanced pubertal stage, sensation seekers, and had weak or troubled family relations. Pornography use was associated with more permissive sexual attitudes and tended to be linked with stronger gender-stereotypical sexual beliefs. It also seemed to be related to the occurrence of sexual intercourse, greater experience with casual sex behavior, and more sexual aggression, both in terms of perpetration and victimization. The findings of this review need to be seen against the background of various methodological and theoretical shortcomings, as well as several biases in the literature, which currently precludes internally valid causal conclusions about effects of pornography on adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Peter
- a Amsterdam School of Communication Research , University of Amsterdam
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Prudden HJ, Beattie TS, Bobrova N, Panovska-Griffiths J, Mukandavire Z, Gorgens M, Wilson D, Watts CH. Factors Associated with Variations in Population HIV Prevalence across West Africa: Findings from an Ecological Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142601. [PMID: 26698854 PMCID: PMC4689529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population HIV prevalence across West Africa varies substantially. We assess the national epidemiological and behavioural factors associated with this. METHODS National, urban and rural data on HIV prevalence, the percentage of younger (15-24) and older (25-49) women and men reporting multiple (2+) partners in the past year, HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs), men who have bought sex in the past year (clients), and ART coverage, were compiled for 13 countries. An Ecological analysis using linear regression assessed which factors are associated with national variations in population female and male HIV prevalence, and with each other. FINDINGS National population HIV prevalence varies between 0 4-2 9% for men and 0 4-5.6% for women. ART coverage ranges from 6-23%. National variations in HIV prevalence are not shown to be associated with variations in HIV prevalence among FSWs or clients. Instead they are associated with variations in the percentage of younger and older males and females reporting multiple partners. HIV prevalence is weakly negatively associated with ART coverage, implying it is not increased survival that is the cause of variations in HIV prevalence. FSWs and younger female HIV prevalence are associated with client population sizes, especially older men. Younger female HIV prevalence is strongly associated with older male and female HIV prevalence. INTERPRETATION In West Africa, population HIV prevalence is not significantly higher in countries with high FSW HIV prevalence. Our analysis suggests, higher prevalence occurs where more men buy sex, and where a higher percentage of younger women, and older men and women have multiple partnerships. If a sexual network between clients and young females exists, clients may potentially bridge infection to younger females. HIV prevention should focus both on commercial sex and transmission between clients and younger females with multiple partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Prudden
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Tara S. Beattie
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Bobrova
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zindoga Mukandavire
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marelize Gorgens
- The World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - David Wilson
- The World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Charlotte H. Watts
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Bulot C, Leurent B, Collier F. Pornographie, comportements sexuels et conduites à risque en milieu universitaire. SEXOLOGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ramaiya A, Kiss L, Baraitser P, Mbaruku G, Hildon Z. A systematic review of risk factors for neonatal mortality in adolescent mother's in Sub Saharan Africa. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:750. [PMID: 25338679 PMCID: PMC4216370 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, approximately 14 million mothers aged 15 – 19 years give birth annually. The number of teenage births in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is particularly high with an estimated 50% of mothers under the age of 20. Adolescent mothers have a significantly higher risk of neonatal mortality in comparison to adults. The objective of this review was to compare perinatal/neonatal mortality in Sub Saharan Africa and it’s associated risk factors between adolescents and adults. Results We systematically searched six databases to determine risk factors for perinatal/neonatal mortality, and pregnancy outcomes, between adolescent and adults in SSA. Article’s quality was assessed and synthesized as a narrative. Being single and having a single parent household is more prevalent amongst adolescents than adults. Nearly all the adolescent mothers (97%) were raised in single parent households. These single life factors could be interconnected and catalyze other risky behaviors. Accordingly, having co-morbidities such as Sexually Transmitted Infections, or not going to school was more prevalent in younger mothers. Conclusions Inter-generational support for single mothers in SSA communities appears essential in preventing both early pregnancies and ensuring healthy outcomes when they occur during adolescence. Future studies should test related hypothesis and seek to unpack the processes that underpin the relationships between being single and other risk indicators for neonatal mortality in young mothers. Current policy initiatives should account for the context of single African women’s lives, low opportunity, status and little access to supportive relationships, or practical help. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-750) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Udigwe IB, Adogu PO, Nwabueze AS, Adinma ED, Ubajaka CF, Onwasigwe C. Factors Influencing Sexual Behavior among Female Adolescents in Onitsha, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2014.416139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Adogu P, Udigwe I, Udigwe G, Nwabueze A, Onwasigwe C. Pattern, Types and Predictors of Contraception among Female In-School and Out-of-School Adolescents in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/asm.2014.43007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A commentary on the role of sexually explicit media (SEM) in the transmission and prevention of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS Behav 2012; 16:1373-81. [PMID: 22252476 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-012-0135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although research has been conducted over the last half century to test the hypothesis that pornography, or sexually explicit media (SEM), influences behavior, information regarding usage and its effect on men who have sex with men (MSM) is limited. It is important for researchers studying online risk factors for HIV to consider the relationship between SEM consumption and risky sexual behavior, particularly given the exponential increase in SEM exposure as a result of the near-compulsory use of the Internet. In this commentary, we review findings regarding this relationship from studies of international and heterosexual populations. We then suggest future directions for research regarding MSM in the United States and practical applications of such research if the results from other populations extend to them. Research suggests there might be ways to use SEM to create innovative approaches to online HIV prevention, particularly among such at-risk populations as youth and MSM of lower socio-economic statuses.
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