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Shimasaki S, Baba T, Ogura T, Akasaka K, Matsushima H, Izumi S, Takasaki J, Tsushima K, Kinouchi T, Kichikawa Y, Awashima M, Izumo T, Awano N, Nishimura N, Tazawa R, Mikami A, Kitamura N, Ishii H, Kurihara Y, Taniguchi M, Aikawa S, Okada M, Morita Y, Ishikawa Y, Ohinata A, Nakata K. Short-term inhalation of sargramostim with concomitant high-dose steroids does not hasten recovery in moderate COVID-19 pneumonia: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:857-873. [PMID: 37729076 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2254380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhalation may alleviate pulmonary inflammation caused by viral pneumonia. To investigate this, we evaluated its efficacy on COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04642950) evaluated patients in the first half of 2021 at seven Japanese hospitals. Hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with moderate hypoxaemia inhaled sargramostim or placebo for 5 days. The primary endpoint was days to achieve a ≥ 2-category improvement from baseline on a modified 7-category ordinal scale. Secondary endpoints included degree of oxygenation, defined by amount of oxygen supply, and serum CCL17 level. RESULTS Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive sargramostim or placebo, of which 47 and 23 were analysed, respectively. No difference was observed between groups regarding the primary endpoint (8.0 and 7.0 days for sargramostim and placebo, respectively) or in the secondary endpoints, except for CCL17. A post hoc sub-analysis indicated that endpoint assessments were influenced by concomitant corticosteroid therapy. When the cumulative corticosteroid dose was ≤500 mg during Days 1-5, recovery and oxygenation were faster in the sargramostim group than for placebo. Bolus dose corticosteroids were associated with temporarily impaired oxygenation and delayed clinical recovery. The increase in serum CCL17, a candidate prognostic factor, reflected improvement with sargramostim inhalation. The number of adverse events was similar between groups. Two serious adverse events were observed in the sargramostim group without causal relation. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled sargramostim was likely to be effective for COVID-19 pneumonia unless the concomitant corticosteroid dose was high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akasaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Matsushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinyu Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Jin Takasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsushima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare (IUHW), Chiba, Japan
| | - Toru Kinouchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare (IUHW), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kichikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Mishuku Hospital, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Maiko Awashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Mishuku Hospital, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Takehiro Izumo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Shibuya-ku, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Awano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Shibuya-ku, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Ryushi Tazawa
- Health Administration Center, Student Support and Health Administration Organization, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ayako Mikami
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kitamura
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kurihara
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Koh Nakata
- Center for Medical Innovation, Division of Pioneering Advanced Therapeutics, Niigata University Medical Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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Tanaka T, Saito Y, Kashiwada T, Nakamichi S, Matsumoto M, Miyanaga A, Tanaka Y, Fujita K, Seike M, Gemma A. Efficacy of Corticosteroid Therapy in Non-severe COVID-19 Patients with Severe Risk Factors who do not Require Supplemental Oxygen. J NIPPON MED SCH 2022; 89:422-427. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tanaka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Takeru Kashiwada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Shinji Nakamichi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Akihiko Miyanaga
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Kazue Fujita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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