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Impact of Salinity on the Energy Transfer between Pigment-Protein Complexes in Photosynthetic Apparatus, Functions of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex and Photochemical Activities of Photosystem II and Photosystem I in Two Paulownia Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043108. [PMID: 36834517 PMCID: PMC9967322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study shows the effect of salinity on the functions of thylakoid membranes from two hybrid lines of Paulownia: Paulownia tomentosa x fortunei and Paulownia elongate x elongata, grown in a Hoagland solution with two NaCl concentrations (100 and 150 mM) and different exposure times (10 and 25 days). We observed inhibition of the photochemical activities of photosystem I (DCPIH2 → MV) and photosystem II (H2O → BQ) only after the short treatment (10 days) with the higher NaCl concentration. Data also revealed alterations in the energy transfer between pigment-protein complexes (fluorescence emission ratios F735/F685 and F695/F685), the kinetic parameters of the oxygen-evolving reactions (initial S0-S1 state distribution, misses (α), double hits (β) and blocked centers (SB)). Moreover, the experimental results showed that after prolonged treatment with NaCl Paulownia tomentosa x fortunei adapted to the higher concentration of NaCl (150 mM), while this concentration is lethal for Paulownia elongata x elongata. This study demonstrated the relationship between the salt-induced inhibition of the photochemistry of both photosystems and the salt-induced changes in the energy transfer between the pigment-protein complexes and the alterations in the Mn cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex under salt stress.
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Sachu M, Kynshi BL, Syiem MB. A biochemical, physiological and molecular evaluation of how the herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intercedes photosynthesis and diazotrophy in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36684-36698. [PMID: 35064489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the non-target microorganisms residing in crop fields that are potentially vulnerable to herbicides are cyanobacteria. They contribute to the maintenance of soil quality and fertility and hence are considered to be an important component of soil microflora. Consequently, the present study was aimed to check the influence of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on some major parameters of carbon (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) fixations of a cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1 isolated from a rice field in Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India. These include various photosynthetic pigments, the oxygen-evolving complex activity of the PSII, the protein contents of RuBisCO, D1 protein, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes, the heterocyst percentage, nitrogenase and GS enzyme activities, and production of total proteins and carbohydrates in the cyanobacterium in a varying range of 50 to 125 ppm doses of 2,4-D. The mRNA levels of several proteins were also analyzed. Besides carotenoid concentration that enhanced at 50 ppm, all other parameters were compromised by 2,4-D in a dose-dependent manner resulting in a reduction in photosynthetic and N2-fixing activities. The negative effect on N2-fixation was partly due to compromised IDH activity. RT-PCR analysis further showed that these negative effects were initiated at transcription levels as mRNA contents of all enzymes studied were found compromised under 2,4-D exposure. The scanning and transmission electron microscopy further revealed herbicide induced adverse changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of the organism. The significance of the work lies in its detailed analysis of the effect of 2,4-D at biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meguovilie Sachu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong - 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Mayashree B Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong - 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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Palharini KMZ, Vitorino LC, Bessa LA, de Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho S, Silva FG. Parmotrema tinctorum as an indicator of edge effect and air quality in forested areas bordered by intensive agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68997-69011. [PMID: 34286433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants inhibit thallus growth and development or alter the metabolism and associated anatomical and morphophysiological characteristics of lichens. Since agricultural matrices can act as sources of pollution by dispersing agrochemicals to vegetation fragments, this study tested the hypothesis that Parmotrema tinctorum can serve as the indicator of edge effect in such fragments. In other words, we assumed the impact of pollutant accumulation to be greater at the vegetation edges and explored the utility of this lichen as a bioindicator of pollutants dispersed from agricultural matrices. Differences in the anatomical layers of P. tinctorum thalli sampled from the edge and center of four vegetation fragments (CER, SSF, SSC, and ENP) were evaluated, and the effects of agricultural matrices on macro- and micronutrient levels, heavy metal levels, and photosynthetic pigment content were analyzed. Anatomical layers were thicker in P. tinctorum thalli from the edges of SSC and ENP, indicating the need for photobiont protection at these sites. Edge effect was observed on Al accumulation in the thallus, indicating dispersion of this metal from agricultural matrices and its greater impact in the edge populations. Edge effect was also evident on photosynthetic pigment content, macro- and micronutrient levels, and heavy metal concentration in the thallus, and the values reflected high ecological imbalance currently verified at the edge of ENP, an area of permanent protection. In areas within ENP, chlorophyll a/b ratio reflected stress factors acting on the thallus, indicating that even legally protected areas are not free from the impact of atmospheric pollutants. P. tinctorum may serve as an effective indicator of edge effects and may be used for biomonitoring pollutant dispersion from agricultural matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Maria Zanuzzi Palharini
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano - Rio Verde Campus, Sul Goiana Highway, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cristina Vitorino
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano - Rio Verde Campus, Sul Goiana Highway, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil.
| | - Layara Alexandre Bessa
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Instituto Federal Goiano - Rio Verde Campus, Sul Goiana Highway, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Instituto Federal Goiano - Rio Verde Campus, Sul Goiana Highway, Km 01, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
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Tan X, Dai K, Parajuli K, Hang X, Duan Z, Hu Y. Effects of Phenolic Pollution on Interspecific Competition between Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa and their Photosynthetic Responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203947. [PMID: 31627270 PMCID: PMC6843285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The demand for phenolic compounds has been increasing rapidly, which has intensified the production and usage of phenol at a commercial scale. In some polluted water bodies, phenol has become one of the typical aromatic contaminants. Such water bodies are inescapably influenced by nutrients from human activities, and also suffer from nuisance cyanobacterial blooms. While phenolic pollution threatens water safety and ecological balance, algal cells are ubiquitous and sensitive to pollutants. Therefore, effects of phenolic pollution on interspecific competition between a bloom-forming cyanobacterium and other common alga merit quantitative investigation. In this study, the effects of phenol on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa, a bloom-forming cyanobacterium) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa, a ubiquitous green alga) were analyzed in mono- and co-cultures. The two species were exposed to a series of phenol treatments (0, 2, 20, and 200 μg mL−1). Population dynamics were measured by a flow cytometer and analyzed by the Lotka-Volterra model. The results showed that M. aeruginosa was more sensitive to phenol (EC50 = 80.8 ± 0.16 μg mL−1) compared to C. pyrenoidosa (EC50 = 631.4 ± 0.41 μg mL−1) in mono-cultures. M. aeruginosa won in the co-cultures when phenol was below or equal to 20 μg mL−1, while C. pyrenoidosa became the dominant species in the 200 μg mL−1 treatment. Photosynthetic activity was measured by a fluometer. Results showed phenol significantly impacted the photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa by inhibiting the acceptor side of its photosystem II (PSII), while such inhibition in C. pyrenoidosa was only observed in the highest phenol treatment (200 μg mL−1). This study provides a better understanding for predicting the succession of algal community structure in water bodies susceptible to phenolic contamination. Moreover, it reveals the mechanism on photosynthetic responses of these two species under phenolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Kaiwen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Keshab Parajuli
- School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Denistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Xiaoshuai Hang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Zhipeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Stebegg R, Schmetterer G, Rompel A. Transport of organic substances through the cytoplasmic membrane of cyanobacteria. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:206-218. [PMID: 30447471 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are mainly known to incorporate inorganic molecules like carbon dioxide and ammonia from the environment into organic material within the cell. Nevertheless cyanobacteria do import and export organic substances through the cytoplasmic membrane and these processes are essential for all cyanobacteria. In addition understanding the mechanisms of transport of organic molecules through the cytoplasmic membrane might become very important. Genetically modified strains of cyanobacteria could serve as producers and exporters of commercially important substances. In this review we attempt to present all data of transport of organic molecules through the cytoplasmic membrane of cyanobacteria that are currently available with the transported molecules ordered according to their chemical classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Stebegg
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria(1).
| | - Georg Schmetterer
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria(1).
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria(1).
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