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Sokolova E, Jouanneau D, Chevenier A, Jam M, Desban N, Colas P, Ficko-Blean E, Michel G. Enzymatically-derived oligo-carrageenans interact with α-Gal antibodies and Galectin-3. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121563. [PMID: 37985065 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Carrageenans are linear sulfated galactans synthesized in the Gigartinales, Rhodophyceae species with a varied range of biological properties that are of value to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. It is unknown how the fine structure of carrageenans dictates their capacity to affect molecular and cellular responses important to wound healing, or the ability to mitigate oxidative, hemostatic and inflammatory processes. Here we use specific endo-carrageenases, from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans, to produce enzymatically defined neo-series oligosaccharides from carrageenans with 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose on the non-reducing end. Further enzymatic modification of the oligosaccharides was done by treating with the 3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidases from the same bacterium which hydrolyze non-reducing end 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose moieties from neo-carrageenan oligosaccharides. Using the enzymatically produced oligosaccharides, we demonstrate binding to natural human serum antibodies and a monoclonal anti-αGal Ab (m86). The significant interactions with the Galα(1,3)Gal reactive antibodies produced by humans makes them potential potent inducers of complement-dependent reactions and attractive for therapeutic applications. We also demonstrate modulation of the galectin selectivity for the Gal-3 Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) relative to Gal-1 which has implications to targeting specific biological pathways regulated by the galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sokolova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Diane Jouanneau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Antonin Chevenier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Nathalie Desban
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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Schussler O, Lila N, Grau J, Ruel M, Lecarpentier Y, Carpentier A. Possible Link Between the ABO Blood Group of Bioprosthesis Recipients and Specific Types of Structural Degeneration. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015909. [PMID: 32698708 PMCID: PMC7792238 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Pigs/bovines share common antigens with humans: α-Gal, present in all pigs/bovines close to the human B-antigen; and AH-histo-blood-group antigen, identical to human AH-antigen and present only in some animals. We investigate the possible impact of patients' ABO blood group on bioprosthesis structural valve degeneration (SVD) through calcification/pannus/tears/perforations for patients ≤60 years at implantation. Methods and Results This was a single-center study (Paris, France) that included all degenerative bioprostheses explanted between 1985 and 1998, mostly porcine bioprostheses (Carpentier-Edwards second/third porcine bioprostheses) and some bovine bioprostheses. For the period 1998 to 2014, only porcine bioprostheses with longevity ≥13 years were included (total follow-up ≥29 years). Except for blood groups, important predictive factors for SVD were prospectively collected (age at implantation/longevity/number/site/sex/SVD types) and analyzed using logistic regression. All variables were available for 500 explanted porcine bioprostheses. By multivariate analyses, the A group was associated with an increased risk of: tears (odds ratio[OR], 1.61; P=0.026); pannus (OR, 1.5; P=0.054), pannus with tears (OR, 1.73; P=0.037), and tendency for lower risk of: calcifications (OR, 0.63; P=0.087) or isolated calcification (OR, 0.67; P=0.17). A-antigen was associated with lower risk of perforations (OR 0.56; P=0.087). B-group patients had an increased risk of: perforations (OR, 1.73; P=0.043); having a pannus that was calcified (OR, 3.0, P=0.025). B-antigen was associated with a propensity for calcifications in general (OR, 1.34; P=0.25). Conclusions Patient's ABO blood group is associated with specific SVD types. We hypothesize that carbohydrate antigens, which may or may not be common to patient and animal bioprosthetic tissue, will determine a patient's specific immunoreactivity with respect to xenograft tissue and thus bioprosthesis outcome in terms of SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Schussler
- Deparments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine Geneva Switzerland.,Service de Chirurgie Thoracique Hôpitaux Universitaire de StrasbourgParis University Paris France
| | - Nermine Lila
- Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) APHPGeorges PompidouEuropean Georges Pompidou Hospital Paris France
| | - Juan Grau
- Department of Epidemiology Ottawa Heart InstituteUniversity of Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- Department of Epidemiology Ottawa Heart InstituteUniversity of Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF) Meaux France
| | - Alain Carpentier
- Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) APHPGeorges PompidouEuropean Georges Pompidou Hospital Paris France.,Division of Cardiac Surgery and Research Laboratory European HospitalEuropean Georges Pompidou Hospital Paris France
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Schussler O, Lila N, Perneger T, Mootoosamy P, Grau J, Francois A, Smadja DM, Lecarpentier Y, Ruel M, Carpentier A. Recipients with blood group A associated with longer survival rates in cardiac valvular bioprostheses. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:54-63. [PMID: 30878598 PMCID: PMC6491382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pigs/bovines share with humans some of the antigens present on cardiac valves. Two such antigens are: the major xenogenic Ag, “Gal” present in all pig/bovine very close to human B-antigen of ABO-blood-group system; the minor Ag, pig histo-blood-group AH-antigen identical to human AH-antigen and present by some animals. We hypothesize that these antigens may modify the immunogenicity of the bioprosthesis and also its longevity. ABO distribution may vary between patients with low (<6 years) and high (≥15 years) bioprostheses longevity. Methods Single-centre registry study (Paris, France) including all degenerative porcine bioprostheses (mostly Carpentier-Edwards 2nd/3rd generation heart valves) explanted between 1985 and 1998 and some bovine bioprostheses. For period 1998–2014, all porcine bioprostheses with longevity ≥13 years (follow-up ≥29 years). Important predictive factors for bioprosthesis longevity: number, site of implantation, age were collected. Blood group and other variables were entered into an ordinal logistic regression analysis model predicting valve longevity, categorized as low (<6 years), medium (6–14.9 years), and high (≥15 years). Findings Longevity and ABO-blood group were obtained for 483 explanted porcine bioprostheses. Mean longevity was 10.2 ± 3.9 years [0–28] and significantly higher for A-patients than others (P = 0.009). Using multivariate analysis, group A was a strong predictive factor of longevity (OR 2.09; P < 0.001). For the 64 explanted bovine bioprosthesis with low/medium longevity, the association, with A-group was even more significant. Interpretation Patients of A-group but not B have a higher longevity of their bioprostheses. Future graft-host phenotyping and matching may give rise to a new generation of long-lasting bioprosthesis for implantation in humans, especially for the younger population. Fund None.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Schussler
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - N Lila
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research (Alain Carpentier Foundation), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France
| | - T Perneger
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Mootoosamy
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Grau
- Division of Cardiac Surgery and Research Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology, Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa Heart, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Francois
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), Ile de France, Immuno-hematology Laboratory, Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - D M Smadja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Hematology Department, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inserm UMR-S1140, Paris, France
| | - Y Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - M Ruel
- Division of Cardiac Surgery and Research Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology, Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa Heart, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Carpentier
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research (Alain Carpentier Foundation), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Paris, France
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Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Marshanski T, Breimer ME, Yu H, Fellah-Hebia I, Roussel JC, Costa C, Galiñanes M, Mañez R, Le Tourneau T, Soulillou JP, Cozzi E, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V. Characterization of immunogenic Neu5Gc in bioprosthetic heart valves. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:381-92. [PMID: 27610947 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two common sialic acids (Sias) in mammals are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its hydroxylated form N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Unlike most mammals, humans cannot synthesize Neu5Gc that is considered foreign and recognized by circulating antibodies. Thus, Neu5Gc is a potential xenogenic carbohydrate antigen in bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) that tend to deteriorate in time within human patients. METHODS We investigated Neu5Gc expression in non-engineered animal-derived cardiac tissues and in clinically used commercial BHV, and evaluated Neu5Gc immunogenicity on BHV through recognition by human anti-Neu5Gc IgG. RESULTS Neu5Gc was detected by immunohistochemistry in porcine aortic valves and in porcine and bovine pericardium. Qualitative analysis of Sia linkages revealed Siaα2-3>Siaα2-6 on porcine/bovine pericardium while the opposite in porcine aortic/pulmonary valve cusps. Similarly, six commercial BHV containing either porcine aortic valve or porcine/bovine/equine pericardium revealed Siaα2-3>Siaα2-6 expression. Quantitative analysis of Sia by HPLC showed porcine/bovine pericardium express 4-fold higher Neu5Gc levels compared to the porcine aortic/pulmonary valves, with Neu5Ac at 6-fold over Neu5Gc. Likewise, Neu5Gc was expressed on commercial BHV (186.3±16.9 pmol Sia/μg protein), with Neu5Ac at 8-fold over Neu5Gc. Affinity-purified human anti-Neu5Gc IgG showing high specificity toward Neu5Gc-glycans (with no binding to Neu5Ac-glycans) on a glycan microarray, strongly bound to all tested commercial BHV, demonstrating Neu5Gc immune recognition in cardiac xenografts. CONCLUSIONS We conclusively demonstrated Neu5Gc expression in native cardiac tissues, as well as in six commercial BHV. These Neu5Gc xeno-antigens were recognized by human anti-Neu5Gc IgG, supporting their immunogenicity. Altogether, these findings suggest BHV-Neu5Gc/anti-Neu5Gc may play a role in valve deterioration warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Tal Marshanski
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael E Breimer
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Imen Fellah-Hebia
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institut du Thorax, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Christian Roussel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institut du Thorax, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Cristina Costa
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Galiñanes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Mañez
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- Department of Cardiology, Institut du Thorax, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Agostino M, Velkov T, Dingjan T, Williams SJ, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. The carbohydrate-binding promiscuity of Euonymus europaeus lectin is predicted to involve a single binding site. Glycobiology 2014; 25:101-14. [PMID: 25209582 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Euonymus europaeus lectin (EEL) is a carbohydrate-binding protein derived from the fruit of the European spindle tree. EEL was first identified for its erythrocyte agglutinating properties and specificity for B and H blood groups. However, a detailed molecular picture of the structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by EEL remains to be developed. In this study, we performed fluorescence titrations of a range of carbohydrates against EEL. Binding of EEL to a wide range of carbohydrates was observed, including a series of blood group-related carbohydrates, mannosides, chitotriose and sialic acid. Affinity was strongest for carbohydrates with H-related structures and the B trisaccharide. A homology model of EEL was produced from templates identified using the HHPred server, which employs hidden Markov models (HMMs) to identify templates. The HMM approach identified that the best templates for EEL were proteins featuring a ricin B-like (R-type) fold. Separate templates were used to model the core and binding site regions of the lectin. Through the use of constrained docking and spatial comparison with a template ligand, binding modes for the carbohydrate ligands were predicted. A relationship between the experimental binding energies and the computed binding energies of the selected docked poses was determined and optimized. Collectively, our results suggest that EEL utilizes a single site for recognition of carbohydrates terminating in a variety of monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Life Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona 08034, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Yuriev
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Agostino M, Gandhi NS, Mancera RL. Development and application of site mapping methods for the design of glycosaminoglycans. Glycobiology 2014; 24:840-51. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Agostino M, Sandrin MS, Thompson PE, Ramsland PA, Yuriev E. Peptide inhibitors of xenoreactive antibodies mimic the interaction profile of the native carbohydrate antigens. Biopolymers 2011; 96:193-206. [PMID: 20564023 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-antibody interactions mediate many cellular processes and immune responses. Carbohydrates expressed on the surface of cells serve as recognition elements for particular cell types, for example, in the ABO(H) blood group system. Antibodies that recognize host-incompatible ABO(H) system antigens exist in the bloodstream of all individuals (except AB individuals), preventing blood transfusion and organ transplantation between incompatible donors and recipients. A similar barrier exists for cross-species transplantation (xenotransplantation), in particular for pig-to-human transplantation. All humans express antibodies against the major carbohydrate xenoantigen, Galalpha (1,3)Gal (alphaGal), preventing successful xenotransplantation. Although antibody binding sites are precisely organized so as to selectively bind a specific antigen, many antibodies recognize molecules other than their native antigen. A range of peptides have been identified that can mimic carbohydrates and inhibit anti-alphaGal antibodies. However, the structural basis of how the peptides achieved this was not known. Previously, we developed an in silico method which we used to investigate carbohydrate recognition by a panel of anti-alphaGal antibodies. The method involves molecular docking of carbohydrates to antibodies and uses the docked carbohydrate poses to generate maps of th antibody binding sites in terms of prevalent hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. We have applied this method to investigate peptide recognition by the anti-alphaGal antibodies. It was found that the site maps of the peptides and the carbohydrates were similar, indicating that the peptides interact with the same residues as those involved in carbohydrate recognition. This study demonstrates the potential for "design by mapping" of anti-carbohydrate antibody inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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8
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Agostino M, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. A computational approach for exploring carbohydrate recognition by lectins in innate immunity. Front Immunol 2011; 2:23. [PMID: 22566813 PMCID: PMC3342079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-associated carbohydrates by a broad range of carbohydrate-binding proteins is central to both adaptive and innate immunity. A large functionally diverse group of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins are lectins, which often display calcium-dependent carbohydrate interactions mediated by one or more carbohydrate recognition domains. We report here the application of molecular docking and site mapping to study carbohydrate recognition by several lectins involved in innate immunity or in modulating adaptive immune responses. It was found that molecular docking programs can identify the correct carbohydrate-binding mode, but often have difficulty in ranking it as the best pose. This is largely attributed to the broad and shallow nature of lectin binding sites, and the high flexibility of carbohydrates. Site mapping is very effective at identifying lectin residues involved in carbohydrate recognition, especially with cases that were found to be particularly difficult to characterize via molecular docking. This study highlights the need for alternative strategies to examine carbohydrate–lectin interactions, and specifically demonstrates the potential for mapping methods to extract additional and relevant information from the ensembles of binding poses generated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Padler-Karavani V, Varki A. Potential impact of the non-human sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid on transplant rejection risk. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18:1-5. [PMID: 21342282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2011.00622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vered Padler-Karavani
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abstract
A simple one-pot azidochlorination for the preparation of nitrogen-containing Koenigs-Knorr glycosyl donors proceeds upon reaction of protected glycals with sodium azide, ferric chloride, and hydrogen peroxide. Different mono- and disaccharide galactals and glucals are converted in a highly α-selective manner to the 2-azido glycosyl chlorides. Starting from disaccharide galactals, building blocks for the synthesis of the T-antigen are obtained in a straightforward manner. The simplicity of the reaction conditions allows for an efficient and scalable α-selective synthesis of 2-azido substituted glycosyl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Plattner
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Agostino M, Sandrin MS, Thompson PE, Farrugia W, Ramsland PA, Yuriev E. Carbohydrate-mimetic peptides: structural aspects of mimicry and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:211-24. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.542140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zhao Y, Tang J, Yao Q, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Zeng X, Shi J, Luo G, Xie X, Zhou S, Liu Z, Lu X, Lin D, Liu J. Fusion of EGFP and porcine α 1,3GT genes decrease GFP expression. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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The anti-nonGal xenoantibody response to alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout pig xenografts. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010; 15:207-11. [PMID: 20075731 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e328336b854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anti-nonGal xenoantibodies are a major barrier to the survival of genetically modified porcine xenografts. This review summarizes the contribution of anti-nonGal xenoantibodies to the activation of porcine endothelial cells and graft rejection, and further provides an update on recent advancements in defining the unique features of anti-nonGal xenoantibody structure. RECENT FINDINGS Anti-nonGal xenoantibodies pre-exist at low levels in humans and nonhuman primates, and are notably absent in neonates. Exposure of nonhuman primates to alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout endothelial cells initiates an induced xenoantibody response that is restricted and encoded by the germline immunoglobulin heavy chain gene IGHV3-21. The target xenoantigen remains undetermined, but several candidate targets have been proposed, including carbohydrate xenoantigens. New advancements in molecular modeling provide insight on the mechanism by which xenoantibodies bind to structurally related carbohydrates. SUMMARY Genetic manipulation of porcine donors has significantly prolonged the survival of grafts placed into nonhuman primate recipients, but anti-nonGal xenoantibodies and thrombosis limit the ability of these grafts to function on a long-term basis. Recent developments defining pre-existing anti-nonGal xenoantibody levels, the restriction in the anti-nonGal xenoantibody response and the identification of key sites defining xenoantibody-carbohydrate interactions now provide the information necessary to develop new approaches to preventing xenoantibody-mediated rejection.
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Agostino M, Sandrin MS, Thompson PE, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. Identification of preferred carbohydrate binding modes in xenoreactive antibodies by combining conformational filters and binding site maps. Glycobiology 2010; 20:724-35. [PMID: 20176856 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are notoriously flexible molecules. However, they have an important role in many biochemical processes as specific ligands. Understanding how carbohydrates are recognized by other biological macromolecules (usually proteins) is therefore of considerable scientific value. Interfering with carbohydrate-protein interactions is a potentially useful strategy in combating a range of disease states, as well as being of critical importance in facilitating allo- and xenotransplantation. We have devised an in silico protocol for analyzing carbohydrate-protein interactions. In this study, we have applied the protocol to determine the structures of alphaGal-terminating carbohydrate antigens in complex with a panel of xenoreactive antibodies. The most important feature of the binding modes is the fixed conformation of the Galbeta(1,4)Glc/GlcNAc linkage across all of the binding modes. The preferred conformation of the terminal Galalpha(1,3)Gal linkage varies depending on the antibody binding site topography, although it is possible that some of the antibodies studied recognize more than one Galalpha(1,3)Gal conformation. The binding modes obtained indicate that each antibody uses distinct mechanisms in recognizing the target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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15
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Agostino M, Sandrin MS, Thompson PE, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. In silico analysis of antibody-carbohydrate interactions and its application to xenoreactive antibodies. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:233-46. [PMID: 19828202 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-carbohydrate interactions play central roles in stimulating adverse immune reactions. The most familiar example of such a process is the reaction observed in ABO-incompatible blood transfusion and organ transplantation. The ABO blood groups are defined by the presence of specific carbohydrates expressed on the surface of red blood cells. Preformed antibodies in the incompatible recipient (i.e., different blood groups) recognize cells exhibiting host-incompatible ABO system antigens and proceed to initiate lysis of the incompatible cells. Pig-to-human xenotransplantation presents a similar immunological barrier. Antibodies present in humans recognize carbohydrate antigens on the surface of pig organs as foreign and proceed to initiate hyperacute xenograft rejection. The major carbohydrate xenoantigens all bear terminal Gal alpha(1,3)Gal epitopes (or alphaGal). In this study, we have developed and validated a site mapping technique to investigate protein-ligand recognition and applied it to antibody-carbohydrate systems. This site mapping technique involves the use of molecular docking to generate a series of antibody-carbohydrate complexes, followed by analysis of the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions occurring in each complex. The technique was validated by application to a series of antibody-carbohydrate crystal structures. In each case, the majority of interactions made in the crystal structure complex were able to be reproduced. The technique was then applied to investigate xenoantigen recognition by a panel of monoclonal anti-alphaGal antibodies. The results indicate that there is a significant overlap of the antibody regions engaging the xenoantigens across the panel. Likewise, similar regions of the xenoantigens interact with the antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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