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Alyami EM, Tarar A, Peng CA. Less phagocytosis of viral vectors by tethering with CD47 ectodomain. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:64-77. [PMID: 34846059 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01815a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many viral vectors, which are effective when administrated in situ, lack efficacy when delivered intravenously. The key reason for this is the rapid clearance of the viruses from the blood circulation via the immune system before they reach target sites. Therefore, avoiding their clearance by the immune system is essential. In this study, lentiviral vectors were tethered with the ectodomain of self-marker protein CD47 to suppress phagocytosis via interacting with SIRPα on the outer membrane of macrophage cells. CD47 ectodomain and core-streptavidin fusion gene (CD47ED-coreSA) was constructed into pET-30a(+) plasmid and transformed into Lemo21 (DE3) competent E. coli cells. The expressed CD47ED-coreSA chimeric protein was purified by cobalt-nitrilotriacetate affinity column and characterized by SDS-PAGE and western blot. The purified chimeric protein was anchored on biotinylated lentivirus via biotin-streptavidin binding. The CD47ED-capped lentiviruses encoding GFP were used to infect J774A.1 macrophage cells to assess the impact on phagocytosis. Our results showed that the overexpressed CD47ED-coreSA chimeric protein was purified and bound on the surface of biotinylated lentivirus which was confirmed via immunoblotting assay. The process to produce biotinylated lentivirus did not affect native viral infectivity. It was shown that the level of GFP expression in J774A.1 macrophages transduced with CD47ED-lentiviruses was threefold lower in comparison to control lentiviruses, indicating an antiphagocytic effect triggered by the interaction of CD47ED and SIRPα. Through the test of blocking antibodies against CD47ED and/or SIRPα, it was confirmed that the phagocytosis inhibition was mediated through the CD47ED-SIRPα axis signaling. In conclusion, surface immobilization of CD47ED on lentiviral vectors inhibits their phagocytosis by macrophages. The chimeric protein of CD47 ectodomain and core-streptavidin is effective in mediating the surface binding and endowing the lentiviral nanoparticles with the antiphagocytic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmael M Alyami
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Engineering Physics Building 410, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-0904, USA.
| | - Ammar Tarar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Engineering Physics Building 410, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-0904, USA.
| | - Ching-An Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Engineering Physics Building 410, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-0904, USA.
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Barry MA, Rubin JD, Lu SC. Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1918-1946. [PMID: 31944286 PMCID: PMC7311308 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shao-Chia Lu
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Etemadzadeh MH, Arashkia A, Roohvand F, Norouzian D, Azadmanesh K. Isolation, cloning, and expression of E. coli BirA gene for biotinylation applications. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:149. [PMID: 26380234 PMCID: PMC4551058 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.161576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The key enzyme in biotin-(strept) avidin systems, Escherichia coli BirA biotin ligase, is currently obtained by overexpression of the long protein-tagged versions of the gene to prevent its toxic effect in E. coli. Herein we describe a rather simple and efficient system for expression of E. coli BirA without the application of long-tag proteins. Materials and Methods: The coding sequence of BirA gene was isolated by polymerase chain reaction using DNA extract of E. coli-DH5α as template. BirA amplicon harboring a GS-linker at its C-terminal was cloned into NdeI-XhoI sites of pET24a(+) vector under control of T7 promoter and upstream of the vector-derived 6xHis-tag. pET24-BirA transformed BL21-cells were induced for protein expression by IPTG and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Protein expression yields were assessed by image analysis of the SDS-PAGE scans using ImageJ software. Result: Agarose gel electrophoresis indicated proper size of the BirA gene amplicon (963 bp) and accuracy of the recombinant pET24-BirA construct. Sequence alignment analysis indicated identical sequence (100%) of our isolate with that of the standard E. coli-K12 BirA gene sequence (accession number: NC_000913.3). SDS-PAGE and Western blot results indicated specific expression of the 36.6 kDa protein corresponding to the BirA protein. Image analysis estimated a yield of 12% of total protein for the BirA expression. Conclusions: By application of pET24a(+) we achieved relatively high expression of BirA in E. coli without application of any long protein-tags. Introduction of the present expression system may provide more readily available source of BirA enzyme for (strept) avidin–biotin applications and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Department of Pilot Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Streptavidin–biotin technology: improvements and innovations in chemical and biological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9343-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Drug-delivery carriers have the potential to not only treat but also diagnose many diseases; however, they still lack the complexity of natural-particulate systems. Cell-based therapies using tumor-targeting T cells and tumor-homing mesenchymal stem cells have given researchers a means to exploit the characteristics exhibited by innate-biological entities. Similarly, immune evasion by pathogens has inspired the development of natural polymers to cloak drug carriers. The 'marker-of-self' CD47 protein, which is found ubiquitously on mammalian cell surfaces, has been used for evading phagocyte clearance of drug carriers. This review will focus on the recent progress of drug carriers co-opting the tricks that cells in nature use to hide safely under the radar of the body's innate immune system.
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Murugan S, Saarela U, Airenne K, Shan J, Skovorodkin I, Ylä-Herttuala S, Vainio SJ. Conditional expression of Lodavin, an avidin-tagged LDL receptor, for biotin-mediated applications in vivo. Genesis 2012; 50:693-9. [PMID: 22467513 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lodavin represents an engineered fusion protein that consists of a cytoplasmic and a transmembrane domain of the human low-density lipoprotein receptor coupled to an extracellular avidin monomer. Biotinylated compounds have been successfully targeted to Lodavin-expressing cells that have been transduced by a Lodavin-containing virus, and the targeting is based on the high affinity between biotin and avidin. We engineered a Rosa26 (R26R) knock-in Lodavin mouse to develop biotin-based applications such as targeted drug delivery, cell purification, and tissue imaging in vivo. A cDNA encoding Lodavin was inserted downstream of a floxed βgeo resistance gene in the R26R locus in embryonic stem cells, and a germ line-derived R26RLodavin mouse line was generated. Efficient removal of the floxed βgeo cassette and conditional activation of Lodavin expression was achieved as a result of crossing the R26RLodavin mice with HoxB7-Cre, Wnt4-Cre, or Tie1-Cre mice. In summary, the R26RLodavin mouse line may provide a useful tool for testing and developing applications with the aid of avidin and biotin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Murugan
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Niers JM, Chen JW, Lewandrowski G, Kerami M, Garanger E, Wojtkiewicz G, Waterman P, Keliher E, Weissleder R, Tannous BA. Single reporter for targeted multimodal in vivo imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5149-56. [PMID: 22397453 PMCID: PMC3310895 DOI: 10.1021/ja209868g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a multifaceted, highly specific reporter for multimodal in vivo imaging and applied it for detection of brain tumors. A metabolically biotinylated, membrane-bound form of Gaussia luciferase was synthesized, termed mbGluc-biotin. We engineered glioma cells to express this reporter and showed that brain tumor formation can be temporally imaged by bioluminescence following systemic administration of coelenterazine. Brain tumors expressing this reporter had high sensitivity for detection by magnetic resonance and fluorescence tomographic imaging upon injection of streptavidin conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles or fluorophore, respectively. Moreover, single photon emission computed tomography showed enhanced imaging of these tumors upon injection with streptavidin complexed to (111)In-DTPA-biotin. This work shows for the first time a single small reporter (∼40 kDa) which can be monitored with most available molecular imaging modalities and can be extended for single cell imaging using intravital microscopy, allowing real-time tracking of any cell expressing it in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Niers
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Neuro-oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Grant Lewandrowski
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Mariam Kerami
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Neuro-oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Greg Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Peter Waterman
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Edmund Keliher
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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8
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Niers JM, Chen JW, Weissleder R, Tannous BA. Enhanced in vivo imaging of metabolically biotinylated cell surface reporters. Anal Chem 2011; 83:994-9. [PMID: 21214190 DOI: 10.1021/ac102758m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic biotinylation of intracellular and secreted proteins as well as surface receptors in mammalian cells provides a versatile way to monitor gene expression; to purify and target viral vectors; to monitor cell and tumor distribution in real time in vivo; to label cells for isolation; and to tag proteins for purification, localization, and trafficking. Here, we show that metabolic biotinylation of proteins fused to the bacterial biotin acceptor peptides (BAP) varies among different mammalian cell types and can be enhanced by over 10-fold upon overexpression of the bacterial biotin ligase directed to the same cellular compartment as the fusion protein. We also show that in vivo imaging of metabolically biotinylated cell surface receptors using streptavidin conjugates is significantly enhanced upon coexpression of bacterial biotin ligase in the secretory pathway. These findings have practical applications in designing more efficient targeting and imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Niers
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Lesch HP, Kaikkonen MU, Pikkarainen JT, Ylä-Herttuala S. Avidin-biotin technology in targeted therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:551-64. [PMID: 20233034 DOI: 10.1517/17425241003677749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The goal of drug targeting is to increase the concentration of the drug in the vicinity of the cells responsible for disease without affecting healthy cells. Many approaches in cancer treatment are limited because of their broad range of unwanted side effects on healthy cells. Targeting can reduce side effects and increase efficacy of drugs in the patient. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Avidin, originally isolated from chicken eggs, and its bacterial analogue, streptavidin, from Streptomyces avidinii, have extremely high affinity for biotin. This unique feature is the basis of avidin-biotin technology. This article reviews the current status of avidin-biotin systems and their use for pretargeted drug delivery and vector targeting. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an understanding of the following approaches using the avidin-biotin system: i) targeting antibodies and therapeutic molecules are administered separately leading to a reduction of drug dose in normal tissues compared with conventional (radio)immunotherapies; ii) introducing avidin gene into specific tissues by local gene transfer, which subsequently can sequester and concentrate considerable amounts of therapeutic ligands; and iii) enabling transductional targeting of gene therapy vectors. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Avidin and biotin technology has proved to be an extremely versatile tool with broad applications, such as pretargeting, delivering avidin gene into cells enabling targeting of biotinylated compounds and targeting of viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna P Lesch
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Waterkamp DA, Müller OJ, Ying Y, Trepel M, Kleinschmidt JA. Isolation of targeted AAV2 vectors from novel virus display libraries. J Gene Med 2007; 8:1307-19. [PMID: 16955542 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Random peptide ligands displayed on viral capsids are emerging tools for selection of targeted gene transfer vectors even without prior knowledge of the potential target cell receptor. We have previously introduced adeno-associated viral (AAV)-displayed peptide libraries that ensure encoding of displayed peptides by the packaged AAV genome. A major limitation of these libraries is their contamination with wild-type (wt) AAV. Here we describe a novel and improved library production system that reliably avoids generation of wt AAV by use of a synthetic cap gene. Selection of targeted AAV vectors from wt-containing and the novel wt-free libraries on cell types with different permissivity for wt AAV2 replication suggested the superiority of the wt-free library. However, from both libraries highly specific peptide sequence motifs were selected which improved transduction of cells with moderate or low permissivity for AAV2 replication. Strong reduction of HeLa cell transduction compared to wt AAV2 and only low level transduction of non-target cells by some selected clones showed that not only the efficiency but also the specificity of gene transfer was improved. In conclusion, our study validates and improves the unique potential of virus display libraries for the development of targeted gene transfer vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Waterkamp
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Tumor Virologie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Hytönen VP, Nordlund HR, Hörhä J, Nyholm TKM, Hyre DE, Kulomaa T, Porkka EJ, Marttila AT, Stayton PS, Laitinen OH, Kulomaa MS. Dual-affinity avidin molecules. Proteins 2006; 61:597-607. [PMID: 16175628 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A recently reported dual-chain avidin was modified further to contain two distinct, independent types of ligand-binding sites within a single polypeptide chain. Chicken avidin is normally a tetrameric glycoprotein that binds water-soluble d-biotin with extreme affinity (K(d) approximately 10(-15) M). Avidin is utilized in various applications and techniques in the life sciences and in the nanosciences. In a recent study, we described a novel avidin monomer-fusion chimera that joins two circularly permuted monomers into a single polypeptide chain. Two of these dual-chain avidins were observed to associate spontaneously to form a dimer equivalent to the wt tetramer. In the present study, we successfully used this scaffold to generate avidins in which the neighboring biotin-binding sites of dual-chain avidin exhibit two different affinities for biotin. In these novel avidins, one of the two binding sites in each polypeptide chain, the pseudodimer, is genetically modified to have lower binding affinity for biotin, whereas the remaining binding site still exhibits the high-affinity characteristic of the wt protein. The pseudotetramer (i.e., a dimer of dual-chain avidins) has two high and two lower affinity biotin-binding sites. The usefulness of these novel proteins was demonstrated by immobilizing dual-affinity avidin with its high-affinity sites. The sites with lower affinity were then used for affinity purification of a biotinylated enzyme. These "dual-affinity" avidin molecules open up wholly new possibilities in avidin-biotin technology, where they may have uses as novel bioseparation tools, carrier proteins, or nanoscale adapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa P Hytönen
- NanoScience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Campos SK, Barry MA. Comparison of adenovirus fiber, protein IX, and hexon capsomeres as scaffolds for vector purification and cell targeting. Virology 2006; 349:453-62. [PMID: 16504233 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The direct genetic modification of adenoviral capsid proteins with new ligands is an attractive means to confer targeted tropism to adenoviral vectors. Although several capsid proteins have been reported to tolerate the genetic fusion of foreign peptides and proteins, direct comparison of cell targeting efficiencies through the different capsomeres has been lacking. Likewise, direct comparison of with one or multiple ligands has not been performed due to a lack of capsid-compatible ligands available for retargeting. Here we utilize a panel of metabolically biotinylated Ad vectors to directly compare targeted transduction through the fiber, protein IX, and hexon capsomeres using a variety of biotinylated ligands including antibodies, transferrin, EGF, and cholera toxin B. These results clearly demonstrate that cell targeting with a variety of high affinity receptor-binding ligands is only effective when transduction is redirected through the fiber protein. In contrast, protein IX and hexon-mediated targeting by the same set of ligands failed to mediate robust vector targeting, perhaps due to aberrant trafficking at the cell surface or inside targeted cells. These data suggest that vector targeting by genetic incorporation of high affinity ligands will likely be most efficient through modification of the adenovirus fiber rather than the protein IX and hexon capsomeres. In contrast, single-step monomeric avidin affinity purification of Ad vectors using the metabolic biotinylation system is most effective through capsomeres like protein IX and hexon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Campos
- The Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Bengali Z, Shea LD. Gene Delivery by Immobilization to Cell-Adhesive Substrates. MRS BULLETIN 2005; 30:659-662. [PMID: 19319206 PMCID: PMC2659659 DOI: 10.1557/mrs2005.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials can potentially enhance the delivery of viral and nonviral vectors for both basic science and clinical applications. Vectors typically consist of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) packaged with proteins, lipids, or cationic polymers, which facilitate cellular internalization and trafficking. These vectors can associate with biomaterials that support cell adhesion, a process we term substrate-mediated delivery. Substrate immobilization localizes the DNA and the delivery vector to the cellular microenvironment. The interaction between the vector and substrate must be appropriately balanced to mediate immobilization, yet allow for cellular internalization. Balancing the binding between the biomaterial and the vector is dependent upon the surface chemistries of the material and the vector, which can be designed to provide both specific (e.g., biotin-avidin, the strongest known noncovalent interaction between a protein and its ligand) and nonspecific (e.g., van der Waals) interactions. In this review, we describe the biomaterial and vector properties that mediate binding and gene transfer, identify potential applications, and present opportunities for further development.
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Purow B, Staveley-O'Carroll K. Targeting of vaccinia virus using biotin-avidin viral coating and biotinylated antibodies. J Surg Res 2005; 123:49-54. [PMID: 15652950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2004.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To test a general method for altering the tropism of viral vectors, we conjugated targeting antibody to the surface of recombinant vaccinia virus with a biotin-avidin-biotin linker and assessed the resulting infectivity in target cells and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We biotinylated a vaccinia viral vector and used avidin to crosslink the biotinylated viral surface to a biotinylated antibody specific for a molecule on the surface of a target cell. In an in vitro model system, we coated a recombinant vaccinia construct containing the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene with antibody to the murine class I MHC molecule Db. Target cells were B78H1 murine melanoma cells transduced with either the Db gene or, as a control, the Kb gene. Infectivity was assessed by staining target cells with x-gal to demonstrate expression of virally delivered beta-galactosidase. This technique was also assessed in a second system with vaccinia/beta-gal targeted to the murine B7.2 molecule. The infectivity of the resulting construct was assessed for murine SA1 fibrosarcoma cells transfected with the B7.2 gene and for wild-type, B7.2-negative SA1. Experiments were repeated in each system with similar results. RESULTS This strategy demonstrated antibody-mediated viral targeting in both the B78H1 and the SA1 models. Importantly, addition of the targeting coat diminished the infectivity of the modified vaccinia for control cells but preserved infectivity for targeted cells. In the B78H1 system, Db-targeted vaccinia consistently had 2- to 3-fold greater infectivity for B78H1Db than B78H1Kb. Increasing the number of avidin molecules used per virion in the synthesis of the viral coat led to greater selectivity but decreased overall infectivity. In the SA1 system, B7.2-targeted vaccinia demonstrated completely ablated infectivity for control SA1 cells, but maintained infectivity for target SA1/B7.2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant viral vectors such as vaccinia may be coated with biotin/avidin and linked to biotinylated antibodies to preferentially target specific cell types in vitro. Such an approach may be useful in targeting recombinant lytic viruses to tumors for destruction and in immune up-regulation in vivo. Similarly, this approach may enhance nonlytic viruses for gene therapy applications.
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Campos SK, Parrott MB, Barry MA. Avidin-based targeting and purification of a protein IX-modified, metabolically biotinylated adenoviral vector. Mol Ther 2005; 9:942-54. [PMID: 15194061 PMCID: PMC4308313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While genetic modification of adenoviral vectors can produce vectors with modified tropism, incorporation of targeting peptides/proteins into the structural context of the virion can also result in destruction of ligand targeting or virion integrity. To combat this problem, we have developed a versatile targeting system using metabolically biotinylated adenoviral vectors bearing biotinylated fiber proteins. These vectors have been demonstrated to be useful as a platform for avidin-based ligand screening and vector targeting by conjugating biotinylated ligands to the virus using high-affinity tetrameric avidin (K(d) = 10(-15) M). The biotinylated vector could also be purified by biotin-reversible binding on monomeric avidin (K(d) = 10(-7) M). In this report, a second metabolically biotinylated adenovirus vector, Ad-IX-BAP, has been engineered by fusing a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) to the C-terminus of the adenovirus pIX protein. This biotinylated vector displays twice as many biotins and was markedly superior for single-step affinity purification on monomeric avidin resin. However, unlike the fiber-biotinylated vector, Ad-IX-BAP failed to retarget to cells with biotinylated antibodies including anti-CD71 against the transferrin receptor. In contrast, Ad-IX-BAP was retargeted if transferrin, the cognate ligand for CD71, was used as a ligand rather than the anti-CD71. This work demonstrates the utility of metabolic biotinylation as a molecular screening tool to assess the utility of different viral capsid proteins for ligand display and the biology and compatibility of different ligands and receptors for vector targeting applications. These results also demonstrate the utility of the pIX-biotinylated vector as a platform for gentle single-step affinity purification of adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M. Brandon Parrott
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A. Barry
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at One Baylor Plaza, BCM505, Houston, TX 77030. Fax: +(713) 798-1481.
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