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Pathak A, Pal AK, Roy S, Nandave M, Jain K. Role of Angiogenesis and Its Biomarkers in Development of Targeted Tumor Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:9077926. [PMID: 38213742 PMCID: PMC10783989 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9077926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the human body, from wound healing to tumor progression. "Angiogenic switch" indicates a time-restricted event where the imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors results in the transition from prevascular hyperplasia to outgrowing vascularized tumor, which eventually leads to the malignant cancer progression. In the last decade, molecular players, i.e., angiogenic biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis, have been intensely investigated. Disrupting the initiation and halting the progression of angiogenesis by targeting these biomarkers and molecular pathways has been considered as a potential treatment approach for tumor angiogenesis. This review discusses the currently known biomarkers and available antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, i.e., monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, small molecular inhibitors, miRNAs, siRNAs, angiostatin, endostatin, and melatonin analogues, either approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or currently under clinical and preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Pathak
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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Bhatia A, Upadhyay AK, Sharma S. miRNAs are now starring in "No Time to Die: Overcoming the chemoresistance in cancer". IUBMB Life 2023; 75:238-256. [PMID: 35678612 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with about 19.3 million new cases reported each year. Current therapies for cancer management include-chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, they are loaded with side effects and tend to cause toxicity in the patient's body posttreatment, ultimately hindering the response towards the treatment building up resistance. This is where noncoding RNAs such as miRNAs help provide us with a helping hand for taming the chemoresistance and providing potential holistic cancer management. MicroRNAs are promising targets for anticancer therapy as they perform critical regulatory roles in various signaling cascades related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Combining miRNAs and anticancer drugs and devising a combination therapy has managed cancer well in various independent studies. This review aims to provide insights into how miRNAs play a mechanistic role in cancer development and progression and regulate drug resistance in various types of cancers. Furthermore, next-generation novel therapies using miRNAs in combination with anticancer treatments in multiple cancers have been put forth and how they improve the efficacy of the treatments. Exemplary studies currently in the preclinical and clinical models have been summarized. Ultimately, we briefly talk through the challenges that come forward with it and minimize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Atul Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
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3
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miRNAs in Cancer (Review of Literature). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052805. [PMID: 35269947 PMCID: PMC8910953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding, single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to mRNAs. miRNAs affect the course of processes of fundamental importance for the proper functioning of the organism. These processes include cell division, proliferation, differentiation, cell apoptosis and the formation of blood vessels. Altered expression of individual miRNAs has been shown in numerous cancers, which may indicate the oncogenic or suppressor potential of the molecules in question. This paper discusses the current knowledge about the possibility of using miRNA as a diagnostic marker and a potential target in modern anticancer therapies.
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Pidíková P, Herichová I. miRNA Clusters with Up-Regulated Expression in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122979. [PMID: 34198662 PMCID: PMC8232258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As miRNAs show the capacity to be used as CRC biomarkers, we analysed experimentally validated data about frequently up-regulated miRNA clusters in CRC tissue. We identified 15 clusters that showed increased expression in CRC: miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25, miR-17/92a-1, miR-181a-1/181b-1, miR-181a-2/181b-2, miR-181c/181d, miR-183/96/182, miR-191/425, miR-200c/141, miR-203a/203b, miR-222/221, mir-23a/27a/24-2, mir-29b-1/29a, mir-301b/130b and mir-452/224. Cluster positions in the genome are intronic or intergenic. Most clusters are regulated by several transcription factors, and by long non-coding RNAs. In some cases, co-expression of miRNA with other cluster members or host gene has been proven. miRNA expression patterns in cancer tissue, blood and faeces were compared. The members of the selected clusters target 181 genes. Their functions and corresponding pathways were revealed with the use of Panther analysis. Clusters miR-17/92a-1, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25 and miR-183/96/182 showed the strongest association with metastasis occurrence and poor patient survival, implicating them as the most promising targets of translational research. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in Europe and North America. Early diagnosis is a key feature of efficient CRC treatment. As miRNAs can be used as CRC biomarkers, the aim of the present study was to analyse experimentally validated data on frequently up-regulated miRNA clusters in CRC tissue and investigate their members with respect to clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Based on available data, 15 up-regulated clusters, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25, miR-17/92a-1, miR-181a-1/181b-1, miR-181a-2/181b-2, miR-181c/181d, miR-183/96/182, miR-191/425, miR-200c/141, miR-203a/203b, miR-222/221, mir-23a/27a/24-2, mir-29b-1/29a, mir-301b/130b and mir-452/224, were selected. The positions of such clusters in the genome can be intronic or intergenic. Most clusters are regulated by several transcription factors, and miRNAs are also sponged by specific long non-coding RNAs. In some cases, co-expression of miRNA with other cluster members or host gene has been proven. miRNA expression patterns in cancer tissue, blood and faeces were compared. Based on experimental evidence, 181 target genes of selected clusters were identified. Panther analysis was used to reveal the functions of the target genes and their corresponding pathways. Clusters miR-17/92a-1, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25 and miR-183/96/182 showed the strongest association with metastasis occurrence and poor patient survival, implicating them as the most promising targets of translational research.
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5
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Morishita A, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Fujita K, Tani J, Masaki T. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030514. [PMID: 33572780 PMCID: PMC7866004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers, and the prognosis for late-stage HCC remains poor. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC is expected to improve outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate the expression of various target genes, including those in cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites in various human cancers. We summarize the central roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC and discuss their potential utility as valuable biomarkers and new therapeutic agents for HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most frequent cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite substantial advances in therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of late-stage HCC remains dismal because of the high recurrence rate. A better understanding of the etiology of HCC is therefore necessary to improve outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that modulate the expression of their target genes at the posttranscriptional and translational levels. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has frequently been detected in cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites in various human cancers and has been observed in both HCC cells and tissues. The precise patterns of aberrant miRNA expression differ depending on disease etiology, including various causes of hepatocarcinogenesis, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the association of miRNAs with the pathogenesis of HCC of various etiologies. In the present review, we summarize the key mechanisms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC and emphasize their potential utility as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as innovative therapeutic targets, in HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Grzywa TM, Klicka K, Włodarski PK. Regulators at Every Step-How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3709. [PMID: 33321819 PMCID: PMC7763175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
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Regulators at Every Step—How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709
expr 991289423 + 939431153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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8
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Saik OV, Klimontov VV. Bioinformatic Reconstruction and Analysis of Gene Networks Related to Glucose Variability in Diabetes and Its Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228691. [PMID: 33217980 PMCID: PMC7698756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose variability (GV) has been recognized recently as a promoter of complications and therapeutic targets in diabetes. The aim of this study was to reconstruct and analyze gene networks related to GV in diabetes and its complications. For network analysis, we used the ANDSystem that provides automatic network reconstruction and analysis based on text mining. The network of GV consisted of 37 genes/proteins associated with both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Cardiovascular system, pancreas, adipose and muscle tissues, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney were recognized as the loci with the highest expression of GV-related genes. According to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, these genes are associated with insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, glycogen biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, MAPK and JAK-STAT cascades, protein kinase B signaling, cell proliferation, nitric oxide biosynthesis, etc. GV-related genes were found to occupy central positions in the networks of diabetes complications (cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy) and were associated with response to hypoxia. Gene prioritization analysis identified new gene candidates (THBS1, FN1, HSP90AA1, EGFR, MAPK1, STAT3, TP53, EGF, GSK3B, and PTEN) potentially involved in GV. The results expand the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the GV phenomenon in diabetes and provide molecular markers and therapeutic targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Saik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Computer Proteomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vadim V. Klimontov
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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Molecular and Functional Roles of MicroRNAs in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218362. [PMID: 33171811 PMCID: PMC7664704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths globally, of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major subtype. Viral hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol abuse, and metabolic disorders are multiple risk factors for liver cirrhosis and HCC development. Although great therapeutic advances have been made in recent decades, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor due to late diagnosis, chemotherapy failure, and frequent recurrence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs that regulate various molecular biological phenomena by suppressing the translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs, which often become dysregulated in malignancy, control cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and development in HCC by promoting or suppressing tumors. Exploring the detailed mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated HCC development and progression can likely improve the outcomes of patients with HCC. This review summarizes the molecular and functional roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC. Further, it elucidates the utility of miRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Qiao B, Nie JJ, Shao Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Hao W, Li S, Chen D, Yu B, Li HH, Xu FJ, Du J. Functional Nanocomplexes with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/C Isoforms Improve Collateral Circulation and Cardiac Function. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905925. [PMID: 31880079 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based therapies are potential treatments for cancer, immunological, and cardiovascular diseases. However, effective delivery systems are needed because of their instability, immunogenicity, and so on. Crosslinked negatively charged heparin polysaccharide nanoparticle (HepNP) is proposed for protein delivery. HepNP can efficiently condense vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) because of the unique electronegative sulfonic acid and carboxyl domain of heparin. HepNP is then assembled with VEGF-C (Hep@VEGF-C) or VEGF-A (Hep@VEGF-A) protein for the therapy of myocardial infarction (MI) via intravenous (iv) injection. Hep@VEGF-A-mediated improvement of cardiac function by promoting angiogenesis is limited because of elevated vascular permeability, while Hep@VEGF-C effectively promotes lymphangiogenesis and reduces edema. On this basis, a graded delivery of VEGF-C (0.5-1 h post-MI) and VEGF-A (5 d post-MI) using HepNP is developed. At the dose ratio of 3:1 (Hep@VEGF-C vs Hep@VEGF-A), Hep@VEGF functional complexes substantially reduce the scar formation (≈-39%; p < 0.05) and improve cardiac function (≈+74%; p < 0.05). Such a HepNP delivery system provides a simple and effective therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases by delivering functional proteins. Because of the unique binding ability of heparin with cytokines and growth factors, HepNP also has considerable application prospects in protein therapy for other serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing-Jun Nie
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yihui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Bingran Yu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
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Mollaei H, Safaralizadeh R, Rostami Z. MicroRNA replacement therapy in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12369-12384. [PMID: 30605237 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent progress in cancer management approaches, the mortality rate of cancer is still growing and there are lots of challenges in the clinics in terms of novel therapeutics. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulatory small noncoding RNAs and are already confirmed to have a great role in regulating gene expression level by targeting multiple molecules that affect cell physiology and disease development. Recently, miRNAs have been introduced as promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Regulatory potential of tumor suppressor miRNAs, which enables regulation of entire signaling networks within the cells, makes them an interesting option for developing cancer therapeutics. In this regard, over recent decades, scientists have aimed at developing powerful and safe targeting approaches to restore these suppressive miRNAs in cancerous cells. The present review summarizes the function of miRNAs in tumor development and presents recent findings on how miRNAs have served as therapeutic agents against cancer, with a special focus on tumor suppressor miRNAs (mimics). Moreover, the latest investigations on the therapeutic strategies of miRNA delivery have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Mollaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Rostami
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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12
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Salinas-Vera YM, Marchat LA, Gallardo-Rincón D, Ruiz-García E, Astudillo-De La Vega H, Echavarría-Zepeda R, López-Camarillo C. AngiomiRs: MicroRNAs driving angiogenesis in cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:657-670. [PMID: 30483765 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important hallmark of cancer serving a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, tumor angiogenesis has become an attractive target for development of novel drug therapies. An increased amount of anti‑angiogenic compounds is currently in preclinical and clinical development for personalized therapies. However, resistance to current angiogenesis inhibitors is emerging, indicating that there is a need to identify novel anti‑angiogenic agents. In the last decade, the field of microRNA biology has exploded revealing unsuspected functions in tumor angiogenesis. These small non‑coding RNAs, which have been dubbed as angiomiRs, may target regulatory molecules driving angiogenesis, such as cytokines, metalloproteinases and growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet‑derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor‑1, as well as mitogen‑activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3‑kinase and transforming growth factor signaling pathways. The present review discusses the current progress towards understanding the functions of miRNAs in tumor angiogenesis regulation in diverse types of human cancer. Furthermore, the potential clinical application of angiomiRs towards anti‑angiogenic tumor therapy was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 03100, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnologia, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07320, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruiz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Horacio Astudillo-De La Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigacion Translacional en Cáncer y Terapia Celular, Hospital de Oncologia, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 03100, Mexico
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Sarkar BK, Lee SS. The novel strategies for next-generation cancer treatment: miRNA combined with chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:10164-10174. [PMID: 29515800 PMCID: PMC5839381 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical practitioners are recommending combination therapy in cancer for its various advantages. Combination therapy increases the efficacy of treatment due to its synergistic effects in cancer treatment. In this post-genomic era, microRNAs (miRNAs) are receiving attention for their role in human disease and disease therapy. In this review, we discuss the combination of miRNAs and chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Moreover, we attempted to portray the role of miRNAs in cancer therapy; outline combination therapy, especially chemo-combination therapy, and discuss the basis for miRNA-based chemo-combination therapies and chemo-combination therapy with miRNA for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Computer Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bimal Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Wang L, Chen C, Chu X. New insights into the regulatory role of microRNA in tumor angiogenesis and clinical implications. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:22. [PMID: 29415727 PMCID: PMC5804051 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Understanding the regulation of tumor angiogenesis has become increasingly important. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function in diverse biological processes via post-transcriptional regulation. Extensive studies have revealed two important regulatory roles of miRNAs in tumor angiogenesis: miRNAs in tumor cells affect the activity of endothelial cells via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, and miRNAs in endothelial cells regulate the cell-autonomous behavior. Recent advances have further highlighted the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis via transferring miRNAs to endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role of miRNA in tumor angiogenesis, with a highlight on clinical implications of miRNAs as biomarkers for anti-angiogenic therapy response, and as therapeutic interventions against tumor angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
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15
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Ma Y, Liang AJ, Fan YP, Huang YR, Zhao XM, Sun Y, Chen XF. Dysregulation and functional roles of miR-183-96-182 cluster in cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42805-42825. [PMID: 27081087 PMCID: PMC5173173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported aberrant expression of the miR-183-96-182 cluster in a variety of tumors, which indicates its' diagnostic or prognostic value. However, a key characteristic of the miR-183-96-182 cluster is its varied expression levels, and pleomorphic functional roles in different tumors or under different conditions. In most tumor types, the cluster is highly expressed and promotes tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis; yet tumor suppressive effects have also been reported in some tumors. In the present study, we discuss the upstream regulators and the downstream target genes of miR-183-96-182 cluster, and highlight the dysregulation and functional roles of this cluster in various tumor cells. Newer insights summarized in this review will help readers understand the different facets of the miR-183-96-182 cluster in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - A-Juan Liang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ping Fan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ran Huang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel family of non-coding endogenous RNAs discovered in all eukaryotic cells and generated through a particular mechanism of alternative splicing called "back-splicing". These molecules show multiple functions, by acting as modulators of gene and miRNA expression, and may have a role in several biological processes, such as cell proliferation and invasion with, tumour development and progression, and in several mechanisms underlying other diseases. Their presence has been shown to be abundant in several body fluids such as blood and saliva. Based on their biogenesis mechanism, circRNAs may be categorized into five classes: exonic circRNAs, intronic circRNAs, antisense circRNAs, sense overlapping circRNAs and intergenic circRNAs. Recently, the presence of circRNAs, in addition to that of miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, has been detected also in small extracellular vesicles called exosomes. Investigating the presence and expression levels of serum exosomal circRNAs could allow us, in future, to discriminate cancer patients from healthy individuals, identifying new potential exosome-based cancer biomarkers.In this chapter, we briefly will describe the major features and functions of exosomal circRNAs, discussing their potential role as molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of complex diseases, including cancer.
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17
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Fanale D, Amodeo V, Bazan V, Insalaco L, Incorvaia L, Barraco N, Castiglia M, Rizzo S, Santini D, Giordano A, Castorina S, Russo A. Can the microRNA expression profile help to identify novel targets for zoledronic acid in breast cancer? Oncotarget 2017; 7:29321-32. [PMID: 27081088 PMCID: PMC5045398 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZOL), belonging to third generation bisphosphonate family, is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, widely used to effectively prevent osteolysis in breast cancer patients who develop bone metastases. Low doses of ZOL have been shown to exhibit a direct anticancer role, by inhibiting cell adhesion, invasion, cytoskeleton remodelling and proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In order to identify the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the anticancer activity exerted by ZOL, we analyzed for the first time the microRNA expression profile in breast cancer cells. A large-scale microarray analysis of 377 miRNAs was performed on MCF7 cells treated with 10 μM ZOL for 24 h compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, the expression of specific ZOL-induced miRNAs was analyzed in MCF-7 and SkBr3 cells through Real-time PCR. Low-dose treatment with ZOL significantly altered expression of 54 miRNAs. Nine upregulated and twelve downregulated miRNAs have been identified after 24 h of treatment. Also, ZOL induced expression of 11 specific miRNAs and silenced expression of 22 miRNAs. MiRNA data analysis revealed the involvement of differentially expressed miRNAs in PI3K/Akt, MAPK, Wnt, TGF-β, Jak-STAT and mTOR signaling pathways, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Our results have been shown to be perfectly coherent with the recent findings reported in literature concerning changes in expression of some miRNAs involved in bone metastasis formation, progression, therapy resistance in breast cancer. In conclusion, this data supports the hypothesis that ZOL-induced modification of the miRNA expression profile contributes to the anticancer efficacy of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Amodeo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lavinia Insalaco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Castiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Rizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medical Oncology, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Fondazione Mediterranea "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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18
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Rizzo S, Cangemi A, Galvano A, Fanale D, Buscemi S, Ciaccio M, Russo A, Castorina S, Bazan V. Analysis of miRNA expression profile induced by short term starvation in breast cancer cells treated with doxorubicin. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71924-71932. [PMID: 29069757 PMCID: PMC5641100 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that dietary approaches restricting food intake can be helpful to hinder tumor progression. To date, the molecular mechanisms are unclear and a key role seems to be exerted by nutrient-related signaling pathways. Since several evidences showed that non-coding small RNAs, including microRNAs, are correlated to cancer progression and antiblastic treatment response, our work aims to study their involvement in a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line treated with doxorubicin under Short Term Starvation (STS) condition. Human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 and healthy breast cell line MCF10A were treated with 1 μM doxorubicin for 24 h under STS condition for 48 h and miRNA expression profiles were analyzed using Taqman® Low Density Array A human microRNA microfluidic cards. In addition, the expression of specific mRNAs and miRNAs differentially expressed under STS was analyzed using Real-time PCR analyses. MiRNA expression profile analysis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A cells treated with doxorubicin under STS for 48 h could explain the molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer effects associated to STS. Among deregulated miRNAs, a subset, including miR-15b, miR-23a, miR-26a, miR-29a, miR-106b, miR-128, miR-149, miR-181a, miR-192, miR-193b, miR-195, miR-324-3p and miR-494, has been shown to be involved in pathways related to drug sensitivity/resistance. The obtained data from our study suggest a potential involvement of some miRNAs in molecular pathways mediating the anticancer effects of STS in doxorubicin-treated breast cancer cells. Preliminary results seem to be encouraging and, in future, could allow the discovery of new potential targets useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Cangemi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine (DIBIMIS), Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, U.O.C. Laboratory Medicine, Policlinico University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Fondazione Mediterranea "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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19
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Teraoku H, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Saito Y, Yamada S, Yoshikawa M, Takasu C, Higashijima J, Imura S, Shimada M. Role of thrombospondin-1 expression in colorectal liver metastasis and its molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2016; 23:565-73. [PMID: 27404020 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombospondin-1 (THBS-1), a glycoprotein, is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the clinical role and mechanism of THBS-1 expression in colorectal liver metastases, focusing on the relationships between its expression and tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and expression of other relevant molecules. METHODS Ninety-four patients who initially underwent curative hepatic resection were enrolled in this study and correlations between expression of THBS-1 (THBS-1 high [n = 35] and THBS-1 low [n = 59]) and tumor growth, Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI), expression of other relevant molecules, and microvessel density (MVD) investigated. RESULTS THBS-1 low expression correlated with more advanced grade of liver and lymph node metastases and significantly worse overall survival than strong THBS-1 expression (3-year survival: 96.7% vs. 65.4%, P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified THBS-1 low expression as an independent prognostic factor (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.21-7.71, P = 0.01). THBS-1 low expression correlated positively with high Ki-67 LI (P < 0.05) and inversely with E-cadherin (P < 0.05) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression (P < 0.05); THBS-1 expression and MVD were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS Low THBS-1 expression may be an independent poor prognostic factor that affects tumor growth and EMT acquisition. Additionally, THBS-1 may be regulated by the HIF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Teraoku
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Higashijima
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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20
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Bronte G, Silvestris N, Castiglia M, Galvano A, Passiglia F, Sortino G, Cicero G, Rolfo C, Peeters M, Bazan V, Fanale D, Giordano A, Russo A. New findings on primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: do all roads lead to RAS? Oncotarget 2016; 6:24780-96. [PMID: 26318427 PMCID: PMC4694794 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy with the monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab is the main targeted treatment to combine with standard chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Many clinical studies have shown the benefit of the addition of these agents for patients without mutations in the EGFR pathway. Many biomarkers, including KRAS and NRAS mutations, BRAF mutations, PIK3CA mutations, PTEN loss, AREG and EREG expression, and HER-2 amplification have already been identified to select responders to anti-EGFR agents. Among these alterations KRAS and NRAS mutations are currently recognized as the best predictive factors for primary resistance. Liquid biopsy, which helps to isolate circulating tumor DNA, is an innovative method to study both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. However, high-sensitivity techniques should be used to enable the identification of a wide set of gene mutations related to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit,National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Marta Castiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sortino
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cicero
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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21
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Azizian A, Gruber J, Ghadimi BM, Gaedcke J. MicroRNA in rectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:416-426. [PMID: 27190581 PMCID: PMC4865709 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i5.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In rectal cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide, the proper staging of the disease determines the subsequent therapy. For those with locally advanced rectal cancer, a neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is recommended before any surgery. However, response to CRT ranges from complete response (responders) to complete resistance (non-responders). To date we are not able to separate in advance the first group from the second, due to the absence of a valid biomarker. Therefore all patients receive the same therapy regardless of whether they reap benefits. On the other hand almost all patients receive a surgical resection after the CRT, although a watch-and-wait procedure or an endoscopic resection might be sufficient for those who responded well to the CRT. Being highly conserved regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) seem to be promising candidates for biomarkers. Many studies have been analyzing the miRNAs expressed in rectal cancer tissue to determine a specific miRNA profile for the ailment. Unfortunately, there is only a small overlap of identified miRNAs between different studies, posing the question as to whether different methods or differences in tissue storage may contribute to that fact or if the results simply are not reproducible, due to unknown factors with undetected influences on miRNA expression. Other studies sought to find miRNAs which correlate to clinical parameters (tumor grade, nodal stage, metastasis, survival) and therapy response. Although several miRNAs seem to have an impact on the response to CRT or might predict nodal stage, there is still only little overlap between different studies. We here aimed to summarize the current literature on rectal cancer and miRNA expression with respect to the different relevant clinical parameters.
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22
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Cekaite L, Eide PW, Lind GE, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA. MicroRNAs as growth regulators, their function and biomarker status in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6476-505. [PMID: 26623728 PMCID: PMC4872728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is in part regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC); their role as growth regulators, the mechanisms that regulate the miRNAs themselves and the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers. Although thousands of tissue samples and bodily fluids from CRC patients have been investigated for biomarker potential of miRNAs (>160 papers presented in a comprehensive tables), none single miRNA nor miRNA expression signatures are in clinical use for this disease. More than 500 miRNA-target pairs have been identified in CRC and we discuss how these regulatory nodes interconnect and affect signaling pathways in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cekaite
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W. Eide
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro E. Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Kan X, Wu Y, Ma Y, Zhang C, Li P, Wu L, Zhang S, Li Y, Du J. Deficiency of IL-12p35 improves cardiac repair after myocardial infarction by promoting angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 109:249-259. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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24
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Massihnia D, Perez A, Bazan V, Bronte G, Castiglia M, Fanale D, Barraco N, Cangemi A, Di Piazza F, Calò V, Rizzo S, Cicero G, Pantuso G, Russo A. A headlight on liquid biopsies: a challenging tool for breast cancer management. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:4263-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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25
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Mousa L, Salem ME, Mikhail S. Biomarkers of Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2015; 7:13-9. [PMID: 26543385 PMCID: PMC4624093 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s25250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and accounts for 10% of all new cancer diagnoses. Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated process that is mediated by a group of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors. Given the widespread use of antiangiogenic agents in CRC, there has been considerable interest in the development of methods to identify novel markers that can predict outcome in the treatment of this disease with angiogenesis inhibitors. Multiple biomarkers are in various phases of development and include tissue, serum, and imaging biomarkers. The complexity of the angiogenesis pathway and the overlap between the various angiogenic factors present a significant challenge to biomarker discovery. In our review, we discuss the angiogenesis pathway and the most promising evolving concepts in biomarker discovery, as well as highlight the landmark studies that identify subgroups of patients with CRC who may preferentially benefit from angiogenesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luay Mousa
- The Medstar Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed E Salem
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sameh Mikhail
- The Medstar Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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26
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HepatomiRNoma: The proposal of a new network of targets for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 97:312-21. [PMID: 26603462 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent a huge advancement in the last years. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been also studied to provide a new tool for early diagnosis of high risk patients, for prognostic classification to identify those patients who benefit cancer treatment and for predictive definition to select the right targeted drug. In this review we revised all the available data obtained to explore the role of miRNAs in HCC. This analysis led to identification of miRNAs which could gain a diagnostic, prognostic or predictive role. The results of studies on miRNAs involved in HCC are initial and far from providing scientific evidences to translate into clinical practice. We propose a classification of these miRNAs, that we could name HepatomiRNoma as a whole. Anyway prospective studies have to be designed to clarify the real clinical impact of this new tool.
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27
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Gnoni A, Santini D, Scartozzi M, Russo A, Licchetta A, Palmieri V, Lupo L, Faloppi L, Palasciano G, Memeo V, Angarano G, Brunetti O, Guarini A, Pisconti S, Lorusso V, Silvestris N. Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment over sorafenib: epigenetics, microRNAs and microenvironment. Is there a light at the end of the tunnel? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015. [PMID: 26212068 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sorafenib is currently the only approved therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alternative first- and second-line treatments are a significant unmet medical need, and several biologic agents have been tested in recent years, with poor results. Therefore, angiogenic pathways and the cytokine cascade remain possible targets in HCC. Recent studies suggest a role of epigenetic processes, associated with the initiation and development of HCC. In this field, DNA methylation, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and tumor microenvironment cells became a possible new target for HCC treatment. AREAS COVERED This review explains the possible role of DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors as predictive biomarkers and target therapy, the extensive world of the promising miRNA blockade strategy, and the recent strong evidence of correlation between HCC tumors and peritumoral stroma cells. The literature and preclinic/clinic data were obtained through an electronic search. EXPERT OPINION Future research should aim to understand how best to identify patient groups that would benefit most from the prescribed therapy. To overcome the 'therapeutic stranding' of HCC, a possible way out from the current therapeutic tunnel might be to evaluate the major epigenetic and genetic processes involved in HCC carcinogenesis, not underestimating the tumor microenvironment and its 'actors' (angiogenesis, immune system, platelets). We are only at the start of a long journey towards the elucidation of HCC molecular pathways as therapeutic targets. Yet, currently this path appears to be the only one to cast some light at the end of the tunnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gnoni
- a 1 Hospital of Taranto, Medical Oncology Unit , Taranto, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- b 2 University Campus Biomedico, Medical Oncology Unit , Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- c 3 University of Cagliari, Medical Oncology Unit , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- d 4 University of Palermo, Medical Oncology Unit , Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Palmieri
- e 5 University of Bari, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Lupo
- f 6 University of Bari, Institute of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Faloppi
- g 7 Polytechnic University of the Marche, Medical Oncology Unit , Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palasciano
- e 5 University of Bari, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Memeo
- f 6 University of Bari, Institute of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , Bari, Italy
| | | | - Oronzo Brunetti
- i 9 National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Medical Oncology Unit , Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy +39 080 555 5419 ; +39 080 555 5419 ;
| | - Attilio Guarini
- j 10 National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Medical Ematology Unit , Bari, Italy
| | | | - Vito Lorusso
- i 9 National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Medical Oncology Unit , Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy +39 080 555 5419 ; +39 080 555 5419 ;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- i 9 National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Medical Oncology Unit , Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy +39 080 555 5419 ; +39 080 555 5419 ;
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Dambal S, Shah M, Mihelich B, Nonn L. The microRNA-183 cluster: the family that plays together stays together. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:7173-88. [PMID: 26170234 PMCID: PMC4551935 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA (miR)183 cluster, which is comprised of miRs-183, -96 and -182, is also a miR family with sequence homology. Despite the strong similarity in the sequences of these miRs, minute differences in their seed sequences result in both overlapping and distinct messenger RNA targets, which are often within the same pathway. These miRs have tightly synchronized expression during development and are required for maturation of sensory organs. In comparison to their defined role in normal development, the miR-183 family is frequently highly expressed in a variety of non-sensory diseases, including cancer, neurological and auto-immune disorders. Here, we discuss the conservation of the miR-183 cluster and the functional role of this miR family in normal development and diseases. We also describe the regulation of vital cellular pathways by coordinated expression of these miR siblings. This comprehensive review sheds light on the likely reasons why the genomic organization and seeming redundancy of the miR-183 family cluster was conserved through 600 million years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Dambal
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Room 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mit Shah
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Room 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brittany Mihelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Room 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Room 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Abstract
MiR-182 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization in 20 tubular adenomas, 50 colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and 40 CRC liver metastases. Control samples obtained from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, or tumor-matched normal colon mucosa were analyzed (n=50). MiR-182 expression increased progressively and significantly along with the colorectal carcinogenesis cascade, and in CRC liver metastases. The inverse relation between miR-182 and the expression of its target gene ENTPD5 was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. We observed that normal colocytes featured a strong ENTPD5 cytoplasmic expression whereas a significantly and progressively lower expression was present along with dedifferentiation of the histologic phenotype. Plasma samples from 51 CRC patients and controls were tested for miR-182 expression. Plasma miR-182 concentrations were significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls or patients with colon polyps at endoscopy. Moreover, miR-182 plasma levels were significantly reduced in post-operative samples after radical hepatic metastasectomy compared to preoperative samples. Our results strengthen the hypothesis of a central role of miR-182 dysregulation in colon mucosa transformation, demonstrate the concomitant progressive down-regulation of ENTPD5 levels during colon carcinogenesis, and indicate the potential of circulating miR-182 as blood based biomarker for screening and monitoring CRC during the follow-up.
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Li L, Li B, Chen D, Liu L, Huang C, Lu Z, Lun L, Wan X. miR-139 and miR-200c regulate pancreatic cancer endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:51-8. [PMID: 25955258 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains the fourth deathliest cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of only 4%. The present study tested the hypothesis that dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression by pancreatic cancer endothelial cells (CECs) may regulate angiogenesis. Primary EC cultures were established from the pancreatic tumor and adjacent normal tissues of three pancreatic cancer patients. A miRNA microarray was used to identify miRNAs that were differentially expressed. The expression patterns of four highly expressed miRNAs in CECs were confirmed by qPCR analysis. The effects of dysregulated miRNA expression on CEC proliferation, migration and tube formation were determined after transfection with specific miRNA inhibitors. The expression of 14 miRNAs was increased by >20-fold in the the CECs of all three pancreatic patients; the increased expression of miR-200c and miR-139 in CECs was confirmed. miR-1, mir-139 and miR-200c inhibitors significantly reduced CEC migration (all P<0.05), yet not proliferation. The average tube length and total loop number were also significantly decreased upon miR-139 and miR-200c inhibition in all three CEC cultures (all P<0.05). Upregulation of miR-139 and miR-200c expression may increase CEC migration and tube formation, which suggests that these miRNAs may regulate pancreatic tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Baiwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Dafan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Lungen Lun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Wei Q, Lei R, Hu G. Roles of miR-182 in sensory organ development and cancer. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:2-9. [PMID: 26273328 PMCID: PMC4448460 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are a cluster of small non-coding RNA molecules predicted to regulate more than 30% of coding messenger (m)RNAs in the human genome and proven to be essential in developmental and pathological processes. The miR-182 gene was first found to be abundantly expressed in sensory organs and regulates the development of the retina and inner ear. Further studies revealed its roles in osteogenesis and T cell differentiation. In addition, the involvement of miR-182 in cancer initiation and progression has recently been uncovered by a growing body of evidence, the majority of which supports its promoting effects in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion, as well as distant metastasis of various cancer types. Clinical analyses demonstrated the link of miR-182 expression to poor prognosis in cancer patients. Mechanistically, multiple downstream genes including missing-in-metastasis, microphthalm-associated transcription factor, FoxO1, cylindromatiosis, and others, can be targeted by miR-182 and mediate its roles in cancer. miR-182 is also interconnected with prominent cancer-related signaling pathways, such as transforming growth factor beta and nuclear factor kappa beta. Interestingly, it was shown that in vivo targeting of miR-182 prevented liver metastasis of melanoma. miR-182 is emerging as an important regulator of malignancies, which warrants further study to establish the application potential of miR-182 in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
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Orang AV, Barzegari A. MicroRNAs in Colorectal Cancer: from Diagnosis to Targeted Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6989-99. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.6989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Stenina-Adognravi O. Invoking the power of thrombospondins: regulation of thrombospondins expression. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:69-82. [PMID: 24582666 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests critical functions of thrombospondins (TSPs) in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. With the growing understanding of the importance of these matricellular proteins, the need to understand the mechanisms of regulation of their expression and potential approaches to modulate their levels is also increasing. The regulation of TSP expression is multi-leveled, cell- and tissue-specific, and very precise. However, the knowledge of mechanisms modulating the levels of TSPs is fragmented and incomplete. This review discusses the known mechanisms of regulation of TSP levels and the gaps in our knowledge that prevent us from developing strategies to modulate the expression of these physiologically important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stenina-Adognravi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave NB50, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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