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Denaro S, D'Aprile S, Torrisi F, Zappalà A, Marrazzo A, Al-Khrasani M, Pasquinucci L, Vicario N, Parenti R, Parenti C. Sigma-1 receptor targeting inhibits connexin 43 based intercellular communication in chronic neuropathic pain. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01926-0. [PMID: 39095656 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition characterized by aberrant signaling within the somatosensory system, affecting millions of people worldwide with limited treatment options. Herein, we aim at investigating the potential of a sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist in managing neuropathic pain. METHODS A Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) model was used to induce neuropathic pain. The potential of (+)-MR200 was evaluated following daily subcutaneous injections of the compound. Its mechanism of action was confirmed by administration of a well-known σ1R agonist, PRE084. RESULTS (+)-MR200 demonstrated efficacy in protecting neurons from damage and alleviating pain hypersensitivity in CCI model. Our results suggest that (+)-MR200 reduced the activation of astrocytes and microglia, cells known to contribute to the neuroinflammatory process, suggesting that (+)-MR200 may not only address pain symptoms but also tackle the underlying cellular mechanism involved. Furthermore, (+)-MR200 treatment normalized levels of the gap junction (GJ)-forming protein connexin 43 (Cx43), suggesting a reduction in harmful intercellular communication that could fuel the chronicity of pain. CONCLUSIONS This approach could offer a neuroprotective strategy for managing neuropathic pain, addressing both pain symptoms and cellular processes driving the condition. Understanding the dynamics of σ1R expression and function in neuropathic pain is crucial for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Denaro
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona D'Aprile
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Torrisi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100, Enna, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
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2
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Abatematteo FS, Delre P, Mercurio I, Rezelj VV, Siliqi D, Beaucourt S, Lattanzi G, Colabufo NA, Leopoldo M, Saviano M, Vignuzzi M, Mangiatordi GF, Abate C. A conformational rearrangement of the SARS-CoV-2 host protein sigma-1 is required for antiviral activity: insights from a combined in-silico/in-vitro approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12798. [PMID: 37550340 PMCID: PMC10406941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective drugs to treat coronavirus infections remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Recent evidence reports on the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) as a key druggable host protein in the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 interactomes and shows a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 for the S1R antagonist PB28. To improve PB28 activity, we designed and tested a series of its analogues and identified a compound that is fourfold more potent against SARS-CoV-2 than PB28 itself. Interestingly, we found no direct correlation between S1R affinity and SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity. Building on this, we employed comparative induced fit docking and molecular dynamics simulations to gain insights into the possible mechanism that occurs when specific ligand-protein interactions take place and that may be responsible for the observed antiviral activity. Our findings offer a possible explanation for the experimental observations, provide insights into the S1R conformational changes upon ligand binding and lay the foundation for the rational design of new S1R ligands with potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and likely other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Serena Abatematteo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivan Mercurio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Antonio Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Veronica V Rezelj
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, UMR 3569, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Dritan Siliqi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephanie Beaucourt
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, UMR 3569, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gianluca Lattanzi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo-Trento, Italy
- TIFPA Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo-Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, UMR 3569, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #05-13, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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3
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Ochneva A, Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Pavlova O, Ushakova V, Morozova A, Zubkov E, Pavlov K, Gurina O, Chekhonin V. Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in the Brain: Common Pathogenetic Pathways in Neurodegenerative and Mental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14498. [PMID: 36430976 PMCID: PMC9695177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders represent common brain diseases characterized by substantial impairments of social and cognitive functions. The neurobiological causes and mechanisms of psychopathologies still have not been definitively determined. Various forms of brain proteinopathies, which include a disruption of protein conformations and the formation of protein aggregates in brain tissues, may be a possible cause behind the development of psychiatric disorders. Proteinopathies are known to be the main cause of neurodegeneration, but much less attention is given to the role of protein impairments in psychiatric disorders' pathogenesis, such as depression and schizophrenia. For this reason, the aim of this review was to discuss the potential contribution of protein illnesses in the development of psychopathologies. The first part of the review describes the possible mechanisms of disruption to protein folding and aggregation in the cell: endoplasmic reticulum stress, dysfunction of chaperone proteins, altered mitochondrial function, and impaired autophagy processes. The second part of the review addresses the known proteins whose aggregation in brain tissue has been observed in psychiatric disorders (amyloid, tau protein, α-synuclein, DISC-1, disbindin-1, CRMP1, SNAP25, TRIOBP, NPAS3, GluA1, FABP, and ankyrin-G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ochneva
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Pavlova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya Ushakova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Pavlov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Gurina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninskiy Avenue 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Gouda AS, Mégarbane B. Molecular Bases of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressant-Attributed Effects in COVID-19: A New Insight on the Role of Bradykinins. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091487. [PMID: 36143272 PMCID: PMC9502697 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely available effective drugs to treat coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are still limited. Various studies suggested the potential contribution of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants to alleviate the clinical course of COVID-19. Initially, SSRI antidepressant-attributed anti-COVID-19 activity was attributed to their direct agonistic or indirect serotonin-mediated stimulation of sigma-1 receptors (Sig1-R). Thereafter, attention was drawn to the property of SSRI antidepressants to decrease ceramide production, as functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase. Ceramides are cell membrane waxy lipids formed by sphingosine and a fatty acid, playing a major role in receptor signaling and infection. In COVID-19 patients, ceramide production is increased due to acid sphingomyelinase activation. Here, we aimed to review the relationships between bradykinins and the proposed pathways supporting SSRI antidepressant-attributed effectiveness in COVID-19. In COVID-19 patients, bradykinin receptor-B1 stimulation is enhanced following the downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, which is responsible for the inactivation of des-Arg9-bradykinin, a bradykinin metabolite, contrasting with the decrease in bradykinin receptor-B2 (BDKRB2) stimulation, which results from the inhibition of cathepsin L, a kininogenase involved in bradykinin production and present at the infection site. Sig1-R stimulation modulates the inflammatory response by regulating cytokine production and counterbalances COVID-19-attributed BDKRB2 inhibition by potentiating its effects on the cytosolic calcium concentration. Moreover, the beneficial effects obtained with acid sphingomyelinase inhibition are parallel to those expected with BDKRB2 stimulation in COVID-19. Altogether, these findings suggest that one ultimate pathway of SSRI antidepressant-attributed anti-COVID-19 activity is the potentiation of BDKRB2 effects shown to be inhibited in COVID-19. In conclusion, SSRI antidepressants are able to interact positively with the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in COVID-19. However, their exact benefits in preventing morbidities or improving the outcome in COVID-19 patients remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Gouda
- National Egyptian Center for Toxicological Researches, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cairo, Cairo 11956, Egypt
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, INSERM UMRS-1144, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-660-221-804
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5
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Jiang T, Zhao D, Zheng Z, Li Z. Sigma-1 Receptor Alleviates Airway Inflammation and Airway Remodeling Through AMPK/CXCR4 Signal Pathway. Inflammation 2022; 45:1298-1312. [PMID: 35029796 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (Sigma-1R) has been proven to play a major role in inflammation and structural remodeling. However, its role in airway inflammation and airway remodeling remains unclear. The purpose of this study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Sigma-1R in airway remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vivo and in vitro. We observed the decrease of Sigma-1R in lung tissue of asthma model. In the mouse model of allergic airway inflammation (AAI), Sigma-1R agonist RPE-084 significantly relieved airway inflammation and airway remodeling, while Sigma-1R antagonist BD1047 (B8562) had opposite effects. Further research showed that RPE-084 treatment increased the expression of pAMPK and inhibited the expression of CXCR4. Furthermore, RPE-084 treatment suppressed the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF. We found that RPE-084 or Sigma-1R overexpression vector treatment regulated cell cycle and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and EMT process in TGF-β1-induced 16HBE cells. Finally, we confirmed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C or CXCR4 agonist ATI-2341 both reversed the effects of Sigma-1R on TGF-β1-induced 16 HBE cells. In a word, our research shows that Sigma-1R is helpful to improve airway remodeling of asthma, and emphasizes a new candidate molecular for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qujiang New District, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 1616, Yanxiang Road, Xi'anShaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qujiang New District, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 1616, Yanxiang Road, Xi'anShaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhankui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qujiang New District, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 1616, Yanxiang Road, Xi'anShaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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6
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Milenina LS, Krutetskaya ZI, Antonov VG, Krutetskaya NI. Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands Chlorpromazine and Trifluoperazine Attenuate Ca 2+ Responses in Rat Peritoneal Macrophages. CELL AND TISSUE BIOLOGY 2022; 16:233-244. [PMID: 35668825 PMCID: PMC9136207 DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x22030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors are ubiquitous multifunctional ligand-regulated molecular chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane with a unique history, structure, and pharmacological profile. Sigma-1 receptors bind ligands of different chemical structure and pharmacological action and modulate a wide range of cellular processes in health and disease, including Ca2+ signaling. To elucidate the involvement of sigma-1 receptors in the processes of Ca2+ signaling in macrophages we studied the effect of sigma-1 receptor ligands, phenothiazine neuroleptics chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine, on Ca2+ responses induced by inhibitors of endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPases thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, as well as by disulfide-containing immunomodulators Glutoxim and Molixan in rat peritoneal macrophages. Using Fura-2AM microfluorimetry we showed for the first time that chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine inhibit both phases of Ca2+ responses induced by Glutoxim, Molixan, thapsigargin, and cyclopiazonic acid in rat peritoneal macrophages. The data obtained indicate the participation of sigma-1 receptors in a complex signaling cascade caused by Glutoxim or Molixan and leading to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in macrophages. The results also indicate the involvement of sigma-1 receptors in the regulation of store-dependent Ca2+entry in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Milenina
- Department of Biophysics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z. I. Krutetskaya
- Department of Biophysics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. G. Antonov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Kirov Military Medical Academy, 194044 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. I. Krutetskaya
- Department of Biophysics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Couly S, Goguadze N, Yasui Y, Kimura Y, Wang SM, Sharikadze N, Wu HE, Su TP. Knocking Out Sigma-1 Receptors Reveals Diverse Health Problems. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:597-620. [PMID: 33095392 PMCID: PMC8062587 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a protein present in several organs such as brain, lung, and heart. In a cell, Sig-1R is mainly located across the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and more specifically at the mitochondria-associated membranes. Despite numerous studies showing that Sig-1R could be targeted to rescue several cellular mechanisms in different pathological conditions, less is known about its fundamental relevance. In this review, we report results from various studies and focus on the importance of Sig-1R in physiological conditions by comparing Sig-1R KO mice to wild-type mice in order to investigate the fundamental functions of Sig-1R. We note that the Sig-1R deletion induces cognitive, psychiatric, and motor dysfunctions, but also alters metabolism of heart. Finally, taken together, observations from different experiments demonstrate that those dysfunctions are correlated to poor regulation of ER and mitochondria metabolism altered by stress, which could occur with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Couly
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA.
| | - Nino Goguadze
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Yuriko Kimura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Nino Sharikadze
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
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Jain A, Lamperti M, Doyle DJ, Lobo FA. Anaesthesia drugs, SARS-CoV-2, and the sigma-1 receptor: a complex affair. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2021; 127: e32-4. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127:e215-e218. [PMID: 34635287 PMCID: PMC8500736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jain
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Massimo Lamperti
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - D John Doyle
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Francisco A Lobo
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Wu NH, Ye Y, Wan BB, Yu YD, Liu C, Chen QJ. Emerging Benefits: Pathophysiological Functions and Target Drugs of the Sigma-1 Receptor in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5649-5666. [PMID: 34383254 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is encoded by the SIGMAR1 gene and is a nonopioid transmembrane receptor located in the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM). It helps to locate endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels, regulates calcium homeostasis, and acts as a molecular chaperone to control cell fate and participate in signal transduction. It plays an important role in protecting neurons through a variety of signaling pathways and participates in the regulation of cognition and motor behavior closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. Based on its neuroprotective effects, Sig-1R has now become a breakthrough target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the most cutting-edge research on the function of Sig-1R under normal or pathologic conditions and target drugs of the sigma-1 receptor in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Hua Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
- Basic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Bin-Bin Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan-Dong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing-Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China.
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Agha H, McCurdy CR. In vitro and in vivo sigma 1 receptor imaging studies in different disease states. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:154-177. [PMID: 34046607 PMCID: PMC8127618 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma receptor system has been classified into two distinct subtypes, sigma 1 (σ1R) and sigma 2 (σ2R). Sigma 1 receptors (σ1Rs) are involved in many neurodegenerative diseases and different central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction, and pain. This makes them attractive targets for developing radioligands as tools to gain a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and clinical diagnosis. Over the years, several σ1R radioligands have been developed to image the changes in σ1R distribution and density providing insights into their role in disease development. Moreover, the involvement of both σ1Rs and σ2Rs with cancer make these ligands, especially those that are σ2R selective, great tools for imaging different types of tumors. This review will discuss the principles of molecular imaging using PET and SPECT, known σ1R radioligands and their applications for labelling σ1Rs under different disease conditions. Furthermore, this review will highlight σ1R radioligands that have demonstrated considerable potential as biomarkers, and an opportunity to fulfill the ultimate goal of better healthcare outcomes and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaalla Agha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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11
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Novel PET Biomarkers to Disentangle Molecular Pathways across Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122581. [PMID: 33276490 PMCID: PMC7761606 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to disentangle the etiological puzzle of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, whose clinical phenotypes arise from known, and as yet unknown, pathways that can act distinctly or in concert. Enhanced sub-phenotyping and the identification of in vivo biomarker-driven signature profiles could improve the stratification of patients into clinical trials and, potentially, help to drive the treatment landscape towards the precision medicine paradigm. The rapidly growing field of neuroimaging offers valuable tools to investigate disease pathophysiology and molecular pathways in humans, with the potential to capture the whole disease course starting from preclinical stages. Positron emission tomography (PET) combines the advantages of a versatile imaging technique with the ability to quantify, to nanomolar sensitivity, molecular targets in vivo. This review will discuss current research and available imaging biomarkers evaluating dysregulation of the main molecular pathways across age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular pathways focused on in this review involve mitochondrial dysfunction and energy dysregulation; neuroinflammation; protein misfolding; aggregation and the concepts of pathobiology, synaptic dysfunction, neurotransmitter dysregulation and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. The use of PET imaging to dissect these molecular pathways and the potential to aid sub-phenotyping will be discussed, with a focus on novel PET biomarkers.
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12
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Lepelletier FX, Vandesquille M, Asselin MC, Prenant C, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Green M, Barnett E, Banister SD, Mottinelli M, Mesangeau C, McCurdy CR, Fricke IB, Jacobs AH, Kassiou M, Boutin H. Evaluation of 18F-IAM6067 as a sigma-1 receptor PET tracer for neurodegeneration in vivo in rodents and in human tissue. Theranostics 2020; 10:7938-7955. [PMID: 32724451 PMCID: PMC7381740 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is widely expressed in the CNS and is mainly located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The S1R is involved in the regulation of many neurotransmission systems and, indirectly, in neurodegenerative diseases. The S1R may therefore represent an interesting neuronal biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) or Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Here we present the characterisation of the S1R-specific 18F-labelled tracer 18F-IAM6067 in two animal models and in human brain tissue. Methods: Wistar rats were used for PET-CT imaging (60 min dynamic acquisition) and metabolite analysis (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 60 min post-injection). To verify in vivo selectivity, haloperidol, BD1047 (S1R ligand), CM398 (S2R ligand) and SB206553 (5HT2B/C antagonist) were administrated for pre-saturation studies. Excitotoxic lesions induced by intra-striatal injection of AMPA were also imaged by 18F-IAM6067 PET-CT to test the sensitivity of the methods in a well-established model of neuronal loss. Tracer brain uptake was also verified by autoradiography in rats and in a mouse model of PD (intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilateral lesion). Finally, human cortical binding was investigated by autoradiography in three groups of subjects (control subjects with Braak ≤2, and AD patients, Braak >2 & ≤4 and Braak >4 stages). Results: We demonstrate that despite rapid peripheral metabolism of 18F-IAM6067, radiolabelled metabolites were hardly detected in brain samples. Brain uptake of 18F-IAM6067 showed differences in S1R anatomical distribution, namely from high to low uptake: pons-raphe, thalamus medio-dorsal, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, cerebellum, cortical areas and striatum. Pre-saturation studies showed 79-90% blockade of the binding in all areas of the brain indicated above except with the 5HT2B/C antagonist SB206553 and S2R ligand CM398 which induced no significant blockade, indicating good specificity of 18F-IAM6067 for S1Rs. No difference between ipsi- and contralateral sides of the brain in the mouse model of PD was detected. AMPA lesion induced a significant 69% decrease in 18F-IAM6067 uptake in the globus pallidus matching the neuronal loss as measured by NeuN, but only a trend to decrease (-16%) in the caudate putamen despite a significant 91% decrease in neuronal count. Moreover, no difference in the human cortical binding was shown between AD groups and controls. Conclusion: This work shows that 18F-IAM6067 is a specific and selective S1R radiotracer. The absence or small changes in S1R detected here in animal models and human tissue warrants further investigations and suggests that S1R might not be the anticipated ideal biomarker for neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Lepelletier
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Vandesquille
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical & Cognitive Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - David M A Mann
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical & Cognitive Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Green
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Barnett
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marco Mottinelli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Inga B Fricke
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Almási N, Török S, Dvorácskó S, Tömböly C, Csonka Á, Baráth Z, Murlasits Z, Valkusz Z, Pósa A, Varga C, Kupai K. Lessons on the Sigma-1 Receptor in TNBS-Induced Rat Colitis: Modulation of the UCHL-1, IL-6 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4046. [PMID: 32516975 PMCID: PMC7312485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an autoimmune ailment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which is characterized by enhanced activation of proinflammatory cytokines. It is suggested that the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) confers anti-inflammatory effects. As the exact pathogenesis of IBD is still unknown and treatment options are limited, we aimed to investigate the effects of σ1R in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis. To this end, male Wistar-Harlan rats were used to model colitic inflammation through the administration of TNBS. To investigate the effects of σ1R, Fluvoxamine (FLV, σ1R agonist) and BD1063 (σ1R antagonist) were applied via intracolonic administration to the animals once a day for three days. Our radioligand binding studies indicated the existence of σ1Rs as [3H](+)-pentazocine binding sites, and FLV treatment increased the reduced σ1R maximum binding capacity in TNBS-induced colitis. Furthermore, FLV significantly attenuated the colonic damage, the effect of which was abolished by the administration of BD1063. Additionally, FLV potentially increased the expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase ligase-1 (UCHL-1) and the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and decreased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible NOS (iNOS) expression. In summary, our study offers evidence for the anti-inflammatory potential of FLV and σ1R in experimental colitis, and our results present a promising approach to the development of new σ1R-targeted treatment options against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Almási
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Szilvia Török
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.D.); (C.T.)
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Ákos Csonka
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Murlasits
- Laboratory Animals Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Zsuzsanna Valkusz
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.A.); (S.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.)
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14
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Jia H, Cai Z, Holden D, He Y, Lin SF, Li S, Baum E, Shirali A, Kapinos M, Gao H, Ropchan J, Huang Y. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Evaluation of a Novel 18F-Labeled Sigma-1 Receptor Radioligand in Cynomolgus Monkeys. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1673-1681. [PMID: 32356969 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a convenient radiosynthesis and the first positron emission tomography (PET) imaging evaluation of [18F]FBFP as a potent sigma-1 (σ1) receptor radioligand with advantageous characteristics. [18F]FBFP was synthesized in one step from an iodonium ylide precursor. In cynomolgus monkeys, [18F]FBFP displayed high brain uptake and suitable tissue kinetics for quantitative analysis. It exhibited heterogeneous distribution with higher regional volume of distribution (VT) values in the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and frontal cortex. Pretreatment with the σ1 receptor agonist SA4503 (0.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced radioligand uptake in the monkey brain (>95%), indicating high binding specificity of [18F]FBFP in vivo. Compared with (S)-[18F]fluspidine, [18F]FBFP possessed higher regional nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) values across the brain regions. These findings demonstrate that [18F]FBFP is a highly promising PET radioligand for imaging and quantification of σ1 receptors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yingfang He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Songye Li
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Evan Baum
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anupama Shirali
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hong Gao
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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15
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Eddings CR, Arbez N, Akimov S, Geva M, Hayden MR, Ross CA. Pridopidine protects neurons from mutant-huntingtin toxicity via the sigma-1 receptor. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 129:118-129. [PMID: 31108174 PMCID: PMC6996243 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene (HTT), translated into a Huntingtin protein with a polyglutamine expansion. There is preferential loss of medium spiny neurons within the striatum and cortical pyramidal neurons. Pridopidine is a small molecule showing therapeutic potential in HD preclinical and clinical studies. Pridopidine has nanomolar affinity to the sigma-1 receptor (sigma-1R), which is located predominantly at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial associated ER membrane, and activates neuroprotective pathways. Here we evaluate the neuroprotective effects of pridopidine against mutant Huntingtin toxicity in mouse and human derived in vitro cell models. We also investigate the involvement of the sigma-1 receptor in the mechanism of pridopidine. Pridopidine protects mutant Huntingtin transfected mouse primary striatal and cortical neurons, with an EC50 in the mid nanomolar range, as well as HD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This protection by pridopidine is blocked by NE-100, a purported sigma-1 receptor antagonist, and not blocked by ANA-12, a reported TrkB receptor antagonist. 3PPP, a documented sigma-1 receptor agonist, shows similar neuroprotective effects. Genetic knock out of the sigma-1 receptor dramatically decreases protection from pridopidine and 3PPP, but not protection via brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The neuroprotection afforded by pridopidine in our HD cell models is robust and sigma-1 receptor dependent. These studies support the further development of pridopidine, and other sigma-1 receptor agonists as neuroprotective agents for HD and perhaps for other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsy R Eddings
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Sergey Akimov
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Michal Geva
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development LTD, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development LTD, Herzliya, Israel; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.
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16
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Receptor Ligands as Helping Hands to L-DOPA in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040142. [PMID: 30970612 PMCID: PMC6523988 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (LD) is the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, although it represents the “gold standard” of PD therapy, LD can cause side effects, including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms as well as transient elevated liver enzyme levels. Moreover, LD therapy leads to LD-induced dyskinesia (LID), a disabling motor complication that represents a major challenge for the clinical neurologist. Due to the many limitations associated with LD therapeutic use, other dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic drugs are being developed to optimize the treatment response. This review focuses on recent investigations about non-dopaminergic central nervous system (CNS) receptor ligands that have been identified to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. In a different way, such agents may contribute to extending LD response and/or ameliorate LD-induced side effects.
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17
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Shacham T, Sharma N, Lederkremer GZ. Protein Misfolding and ER Stress in Huntington's Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:20. [PMID: 31001537 PMCID: PMC6456712 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence in recent years indicates that protein misfolding and aggregation, leading to ER stress, are central factors of pathogenicity in neurodegenerative diseases. This is particularly true in Huntington's disease (HD), where in contrast with other disorders, the cause is monogenic. Mutant huntingtin interferes with many cellular processes, but the fact that modulation of ER stress and of the unfolded response pathways reduces the toxicity, places these mechanisms at the core and gives hope for potential therapeutic approaches. There is currently no effective treatment for HD and it has a fatal outcome a few years after the start of symptoms of cognitive and motor impairment. Here we will discuss recent findings that shed light on the mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation that give origin to ER stress in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Huntington's disease, on the cellular response and on how to use this knowledge for possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Shacham
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gerardo Z Lederkremer
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Muneer A, Shamsher Khan RM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Chonnam Med J 2019; 55:8-19. [PMID: 30740335 PMCID: PMC6351318 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an indispensable sub-cellular component of the eukaryotic cell carries out essential functions, is critical to the survival of the organism. The chaperone proteins and the folding enzymes which are multi-domain ER effectors carry out 3-dimensional conformation of nascent polypeptides and check misfolded protein aggregation, easing the exit of functional proteins from the ER. Diverse conditions, for instance redox imbalance, alterations in ionic calcium levels, and inflammatory signaling can perturb the functioning of the ER, leading to a build-up of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen. This results in ER stress, and aiming to reinstate protein homeostasis, a well conserved reaction called the unfolded protein response (UPR) is elicited. Equally, in protracted cellular stress or inadequate compensatory reaction, UPR pathway leads to cell loss. Dysfunctional ER mechanisms are responsible for neuronal degeneration in numerous human diseases, for instance Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. In addition, mounting proof indicates that ER stress is incriminated in psychiatric diseases like major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Accumulating evidence suggests that pharmacological agents regulating the working of ER may have a role in diminishing advancing neuronal dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, new findings are examined which link the foremost mechanisms connecting ER stress and cell homeostasis. Furthermore, a supposed new pathogenic model of major neuropsychiatry disorders is provided, with ER stress proposed as the pivotal step in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Muneer
- Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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19
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Wheeler MA, Jaronen M, Covacu R, Zandee SEJ, Scalisi G, Rothhammer V, Tjon EC, Chao CC, Kenison JE, Blain M, Rao VTS, Hewson P, Barroso A, Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Prat A, Antel JP, Hauser R, Quintana FJ. Environmental Control of Astrocyte Pathogenic Activities in CNS Inflammation. Cell 2019; 176:581-596.e18. [PMID: 30661753 PMCID: PMC6440749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide studies have identified genetic variants linked to neurologic diseases. Environmental factors also play important roles, but no methods are available for their comprehensive investigation. We developed an approach that combines genomic data, screens in a novel zebrafish model, computational modeling, perturbation studies, and multiple sclerosis (MS) patient samples to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure on CNS inflammation. We found that the herbicide linuron amplifies astrocyte pro-inflammatory activities by activating signaling via sigma receptor 1, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Indeed, astrocyte-specific shRNA- and CRISPR/Cas9-driven gene inactivation combined with RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, and study of patient samples suggest that IRE1α-XBP1 signaling promotes CNS inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and, potentially, MS. In summary, these studies define environmental mechanisms that control astrocyte pathogenic activities and establish a multidisciplinary approach for the systematic investigation of the effects of environmental exposure in neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Merja Jaronen
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruxandra Covacu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily C Tjon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun-Cheih Chao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manon Blain
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vijayaraghava T S Rao
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Hewson
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreia Barroso
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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20
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Penke B, Fülöp L, Szűcs M, Frecska E. The Role of Sigma-1 Receptor, an Intracellular Chaperone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:97-116. [PMID: 28554311 PMCID: PMC5771390 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170529104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread protein aggregation occurs in the living system under stress or during aging, owing to disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. Many neurodegenerative diseases may have a common mechanism: the failure of protein homeostasis. Perturbation of ER results in unfolded protein response (UPR). Prolonged chronical UPR may activate apoptotic pathways and cause cell death. METHODS Research articles on Sigma-1 receptor were reviewed. RESULTS ER is associated to mitochondria by the mitochondria-associated ER-membrane, MAM. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), a well-known ER-chaperone localizes in the MAM. It serves for Ca2+-signaling between the ER and mitochondria, involved in ion channel activities and especially important during neuronal differentiation. Sig-1R acts as central modulator in inter-organelle signaling. Sig-1R helps cell survival by attenuating ER-stress. According to sequence based predictions Sig-1R is a 223 amino acid protein with two transmembrane (2TM) domains. The X-ray structure of the Sig-1R [1] showed a membrane-bound trimeric assembly with one transmembrane (1TM) region. Despite the in vitro determined assembly, the results of in vivo studies are rather consistent with the 2TM structure. The receptor has unique and versatile pharmacological profile. Dimethyl tryptamine (DMT) and neuroactive steroids are endogenous ligands that activate Sig-1R. The receptor has a plethora of interacting client proteins. Sig-1R exists in oligomeric structures (dimer-trimer-octamer-multimer) and this fact may explain interaction with diverse proteins. CONCLUSION Sig-1R agonists have been used in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Utilization of Sig-1R agents early in AD and similar other diseases has remained an overlooked therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Szűcs
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ede Frecska
- University of Debrecen, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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Li D, Zhang S, Yao Y, Xiang Y, Ma X, Wei X, Yan H, Liu X. Sigma-1 receptor agonist increases axon outgrowth of hippocampal neurons via voltage-gated calcium ions channels. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:930-939. [PMID: 28990373 PMCID: PMC6492695 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are unique endoplasmic reticulum proteins that have been implicated in both neurodegenerative and ischemic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Sig-1R plays a role in neuroprotection and axon outgrowth. The underlying mechanisms of Sig-1R-mediated neuroprotection have been well elucidated. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of Sig-1R on axon outgrowth are not fully understood. METHODS To clarify this issue, we utilized immunofluorescence to compare the axon lengths of cultured naïve hippocampal neurons before and after the application of the Sig-1R agonist, SA4503. Then, electrophysiology and immunofluorescence were used to examine voltage-gated calcium ion channel (VGCCs) currents in the cell membranes and growth cones. RESULTS We found that Sig-1R activation dramatically enhanced the axonal length of the naïve hippocampal neurons. Application of the Sig-1R antagonist NE100 and gene knockdown techniques both demonstrated the effects of Sig-1R. The growth-promoting effect of SA4503 was accompanied by the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ influx and was recapitulated by incubating the neurons with the L-type, N-type, and P/Q-type VGCC blockers, nimodipine, MVIIA and ω-agatoxin IVA, respectively. This effect was unrelated to glial cells. The application of SA4503 transformed the growth cone morphologies from complicated to simple, which favored axon outgrowth. CONCLUSION Sig-1R activation can enhance axon outgrowth and may have a substantial influence on neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
- Department of SurgeryHospital of 73096 Troop of PLANanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Shu‐Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yun Xiang
- Training basesHunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medical Power and Innovative Drugs Established by Provincial and MinistryHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Xiao‐Yun Ma
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Li Wei
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Hai‐Tao Yan
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Yan Liu
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
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22
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Weng TY, Tsai SYA, Su TP. Roles of sigma-1 receptors on mitochondrial functions relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:74. [PMID: 28917260 PMCID: PMC5603014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a chaperone that resides mainly at the mitochondrion-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (called the MAMs) and acts as a dynamic pluripotent modulator in living systems. At the MAM, the Sig-1R is known to play a role in regulating the Ca2+ signaling between ER and mitochondria and in maintaining the structural integrity of the MAM. The MAM serves as bridges between ER and mitochondria regulating multiple functions such as Ca2+ transfer, energy exchange, lipid synthesis and transports, and protein folding that are pivotal to cell survival and defense. Recently, emerging evidences indicate that the MAM is critical in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Thus, given the specific localization of the Sig-1R at the MAM, we highlight and propose that the direct or indirect regulations of the Sig-1R on mitochondrial functions may relate to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, the promising use of Sig-1R ligands to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction-induced neurodegeneration is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Weng
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, IRP, NIDA/NIH, Triad Bldg. suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yi Anne Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, IRP, NIDA/NIH, Triad Bldg. suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, IRP, NIDA/NIH, Triad Bldg. suite 3512, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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23
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Weng TY, Hung DT, Su TP, Tsai SYA. Loss of Sigma-1 Receptor Chaperone Promotes Astrocytosis and Enhances the Nrf2 Antioxidant Defense. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4582135. [PMID: 28883901 PMCID: PMC5573104 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4582135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) functions as a chaperon that interacts with multiple proteins and lipids and is implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Here, we used Sig-1R KO mice to examine brain expression profiles of astrocytes and ubiquitinated proteins, which are both hallmarks of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Our results showed that Sig-1R KO induces increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in primary neuron-glia cultures and in the whole brain of fetus mice with concomitantly increased accumulations of ubiquitinated proteins. Astrogliosis was also observed in the neuron-glia culture. Upon proteasome or autophagy inhibitor treatments, the pronounced ubiquitinated proteins were further increased in Sig-1R KO neurons, indicating that the Sig-1R regulates both protein degradation and quality control systems. We found that Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), which functions to overcome the stress condition, was enhanced in the Sig-1R KO systems especially when cells were under stressful conditions. Mutation or deficiency of Sig-1Rs has been observed in neurodegenerative models. Our study identifies the critical roles of Sig-1R in CNS homeostasis and supports the idea that functional complementation pathways are triggered in the Sig-1R KO pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Weng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Denise T. Hung
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shang-Yi A. Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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24
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Nguyen L, Lucke-Wold BP, Mookerjee S, Kaushal N, Matsumoto RR. Sigma-1 Receptors and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Towards a Hypothesis of Sigma-1 Receptors as Amplifiers of Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:133-152. [PMID: 28315269 PMCID: PMC5500918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors are molecular chaperones that may act as pathological mediators and targets for novel therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that sigma-1 ligands can either directly or indirectly modulate multiple neurodegenerative processes, including excitotoxicity, calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, inflammation, and astrogliosis. In addition, sigma-1 ligands may act as disease-modifying agents in the treatment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases by promoting the activity of neurotrophic factors and neural plasticity. Here, we summarize their neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in different animal models of acute brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and highlight their potential role in mitigating disease. Notably, current data suggest that sigma-1 receptor dysfunction worsens disease progression, whereas enhancement amplifies pre-existing functional mechanisms of neuroprotection and/or restoration to slow disease progression. Collectively, the data support a model of the sigma-1 receptor as an amplifier of intracellular signaling, and suggest future clinical applications of sigma-1 ligands as part of multi-therapy approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nguyen
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Shona Mookerjee
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA
| | | | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor, Sig1R, σ1 receptor) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein. The majority of publications on the subject have focused on the neuropharmacology of Sigma1. However, a number of publications have also suggested a role for Sigma1 in cancer. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of Sigma1 ligands as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, compounds with affinity for Sigma1 have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion and migration, tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to have immunomodulatory properties. This review will highlight that although the literature supports a role for Sigma1 in cancer, several fundamental questions regarding drug mechanism of action and the physiological relevance of aberrant SIGMAR1 transcript and Sigma1 protein expression in certain cancers remain unanswered or only partially answered. However, emerging lines of evidence suggest that Sigma1 is a component of the cancer cell support machinery, that it facilitates protein interaction networks, that it allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins, and that Sigma1 is a selectively multifunctional drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Cai Y, Yang L, Niu F, Liao K, Buch S. Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Cocaine Abuse and Neurodegenerative Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:163-175. [PMID: 28315271 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1R) are recognized as a unique class of non-G protein-coupled intracellular protein. Sig-1R binds to its ligand such as cocaine , resulting in dissociation of Sig-1R from mitochondrion-associated ER membrane (MAM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane, and nuclear membrane, regulating function of various proteins. Sig-1R has diverse roles in both physiological as well as in pathogenic processes. The disruption of Sig-1R pathways has been implicated as causative mechanism(s) in the development of both neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD ), Parkinson disease (PD ), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS ) and Huntington Disease (HD ) . Additionally, the interaction of cocaine and Sig-1R has more recently been implicated in potentiating the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) through impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB), microglial activation and astrogliosis. On the other hand, restoration of Sig-1R homeostasis has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. In this review, we provide an overview of how Sig-1R plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and cocaine and implications for future development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
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27
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Entrena JM, Sánchez-Fernández C, Nieto FR, González-Cano R, Yeste S, Cobos EJ, Baeyens JM. Sigma-1 Receptor Agonism Promotes Mechanical Allodynia After Priming the Nociceptive System with Capsaicin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37835. [PMID: 27886264 PMCID: PMC5122889 DOI: 10.1038/srep37835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor antagonists promote antinociception in several models of pain, but the effects of sigma-1 agonists on nociception (particularly when the nociceptive system is primed) are not so well characterized; therefore we evaluated the effects of sigma-1 agonists on pain under different experimental conditions. The systemic administration of the selective sigma-1 agonists (+)-pentazocine and PRE-084, as well as the nonselective sigma-1 agonist carbetapentane (used clinically as an antitussive drug), did not alter sensitivity to mechanical stimulation under baseline conditions. However, they greatly promoted secondary mechanical allodynia after priming the nociceptive system with capsaicin. These effects of sigma-1 agonists were consistent in terms potency with the affinities of these drugs for sigma-1 receptors, were reversed by sigma-1 antagonists, and were not observed in sigma-1 knockout mice, indicating that they are sigma-1-mediated. Repeated systemic treatment with PRE-084 induced proallodynic effects even 24 h after treatment completion, but only after the nociceptive system was primed. However, neither the presence of this drug in the organism nor changes in sigma-1 receptor expression in areas involved in pain processing explains its long-term effects, suggesting that sustained sigma-1 agonism induces plastic changes in the nociceptive system that promote nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Entrena
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Animal Behavior Research Unit, Scientific Instrumentation Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - C. Sánchez-Fernández
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - F. R. Nieto
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - R. González-Cano
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - S. Yeste
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Esteve, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. J. Cobos
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Baeyens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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28
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Srivats S, Balasuriya D, Pasche M, Vistal G, Edwardson JM, Taylor CW, Murrell-Lagnado RD. Sigma1 receptors inhibit store-operated Ca2+ entry by attenuating coupling of STIM1 to Orai1. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:65-79. [PMID: 27069021 PMCID: PMC4828687 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201506022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma1 receptors (σ1Rs) are expressed widely; they bind diverse ligands, including psychotropic drugs and steroids, regulate many ion channels, and are implicated in cancer and addiction. It is not known how σ1Rs exert such varied effects. We demonstrate that σ1Rs inhibit store-operated Ca(2+)entry (SOCE), a major Ca(2+)influx pathway, and reduce the Ca(2+)content of the intracellular stores. SOCE was inhibited by expression of σ1R or an agonist of σ1R and enhanced by loss of σ1R or an antagonist. Within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), σ1R associated with STIM1, the ER Ca(2+)sensor that regulates SOCE. This interaction was modulated by σ1R ligands. After depletion of Ca(2+)stores, σ1R accompanied STIM1 to ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions where STIM1 stimulated opening of the Ca(2+)channel, Orai1. The association of STIM1 with σ1R slowed the recruitment of STIM1 to ER-PM junctions and reduced binding of STIM1 to PM Orai1. We conclude that σ1R attenuates STIM1 coupling to Orai1 and thereby inhibits SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Srivats
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, England, UK
| | - Dilshan Balasuriya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, England, UK
| | - Mathias Pasche
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England, UK
| | - Gerard Vistal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, England, UK
| | - J Michael Edwardson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, England, UK
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, England, UK
| | - Ruth D Murrell-Lagnado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, England, UK Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, England, UK
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29
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Su TP, Su TC, Nakamura Y, Tsai SY. The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pluripotent Modulator in Living Systems. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:262-278. [PMID: 26869505 PMCID: PMC4811735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that resides specifically in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), an interface between ER and mitochondria. In addition to being able to translocate to the plasma membrane (PM) to interact with ion channels and other receptors, Sig-1R also occurs at the nuclear envelope, where it recruits chromatin-remodeling factors to affect the transcription of genes. Sig-1Rs have also been reported to interact with other membranous or soluble proteins at other loci, including the cytosol, and to be involved in several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Here, we propose that Sig-1R is a pluripotent modulator with resultant multiple functional manifestations in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Tzu-Chieh Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shang-Yi Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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30
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Cao X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lan Y, Zhang J, Xu X, Qiu Y, Zhao S, Liu X, Liu BF, Zhang G. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel σ1 Receptor Ligands for Treating Neuropathic Pain: 6-Hydroxypyridazinones. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2942-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Cao
- Systems
Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life
Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- Systems
Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life
Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Systems
Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life
Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Juecheng Zhang
- Systems
Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life
Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangqing Xu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Yinli Qiu
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Systems
Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life
Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Systems
Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life
Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Systems
Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life
Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 69 Democratic South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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31
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Frecska E, Bokor P, Winkelman M. The Therapeutic Potentials of Ayahuasca: Possible Effects against Various Diseases of Civilization. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:35. [PMID: 26973523 PMCID: PMC4773875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychoactive brew of two main components. Its active agents are β-carboline and tryptamine derivatives. As a sacrament, ayahuasca is still a central element of many healing ceremonies in the Amazon Basin and its ritual consumption has become common among the mestizo populations of South America. Ayahuasca use amongst the indigenous people of the Amazon is a form of traditional medicine and cultural psychiatry. During the last two decades, the substance has become increasingly known among both scientists and laymen, and currently its use is spreading all over in the Western world. In the present paper we describe the chief characteristics of ayahuasca, discuss important questions raised about its use, and provide an overview of the scientific research supporting its potential therapeutic benefits. A growing number of studies indicate that the psychotherapeutic potential of ayahuasca is based mostly on the strong serotonergic effects, whereas the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) agonist effect of its active ingredient dimethyltryptamine raises the possibility that the ethnomedical observations on the diversity of treated conditions can be scientifically verified. Moreover, in the right therapeutic or ritual setting with proper preparation and mindset of the user, followed by subsequent integration of the experience, ayahuasca has proven effective in the treatment of substance dependence. This article has two important take-home messages: (1) the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca are best understood from a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model, and (2) on the biological level ayahuasca may act against chronic low grade inflammation and oxidative stress via the Sig-1R which can explain its widespread therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ede Frecska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Bokor
- Doctoral School of Psychology, University of Pécs Pécs, Hungary
| | - Michael Winkelman
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA
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Yasui Y, Su TP. Potential Molecular Mechanisms on the Role of the Sigma-1 Receptor in the Action of Cocaine and Methamphetamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5. [PMID: 27088037 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/235970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that involves a wide range of physiological functions. The Sig-1R has been shown to bind psychostimulants including cocaine and methamphetamine (METH) and thus has been implicated in the actions of those psychostimulants. For example, it has been demonstrated that the Sig-1R antagonists mitigate certain behavioral and cellular effects of psychostimulants including hyperactivity and neurotoxicity. Thus, the Sig-1R has become a potential therapeutic target of medication development against drug abuse that differs from traditional monoamine-related strategies. In this review, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms of the Sig-1R and discuss in such a manner with a hope to further understand or unveil unexplored relations between the Sig-1R and the actions of cocaine and METH, particularly in the context of cellular biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Tsai SYA, Pokrass MJ, Klauer NR, Nohara H, Su TP. Sigma-1 receptor regulates Tau phosphorylation and axon extension by shaping p35 turnover via myristic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6742-7. [PMID: 25964330 PMCID: PMC4450430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) per relative concentrations of its activators p35 and p25 is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. P35 has a short t½ and undergoes rapid proteasomal degradation in its membrane-bound myristoylated form. P35 is converted by calpain to p25, which, along with an extended t½, promotes aberrant activation of cdk5 and causes abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, thus leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that is implicated in neuronal survival. However, the specific role of the Sig-1R in neurodegeneration is unclear. Here we found that Sig-1Rs regulate proper tau phosphorylation and axon extension by promoting p35 turnover through the receptor's interaction with myristic acid. In Sig-1R-KO neurons, a greater accumulation of p35 is seen, which results from neither elevated transcription of p35 nor disrupted calpain activity, but rather to the slower degradation of p35. In contrast, Sig-1R overexpression causes a decrease of p35. Sig-1R-KO neurons exhibit shorter axons with lower densities. Myristic acid is found here to bind Sig-1R as an agonist that causes the dissociation of Sig-1R from its cognate partner binding immunoglobulin protein. Remarkably, treatment of Sig-1R-KO neurons with exogenous myristic acid mitigates p35 accumulation, diminishes tau phosphorylation, and restores axon elongation. Our results define the involvement of Sig-1Rs in neurodegeneration and provide a mechanistic explanation that Sig-1Rs help maintain proper tau phosphorylation by potentially carrying and providing myristic acid to p35 for enhanced p35 degradation to circumvent the formation of overreactive cdk5/p25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yi A Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Michael J Pokrass
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Neal R Klauer
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Hiroshi Nohara
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224
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