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Shen SM, Yu DD, Ke LM, Yao LG, Su MZ, Guo YW. Polyoxygenated cembrane-type diterpenes from the Hainan soft coral Lobophytum crassum as a promising source of anticancer agents with ErbB3 and ROR1 inhibitory potential. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01347-z. [PMID: 39075227 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A detailed chemical investigation of the Hainan soft coral Lobophytum crassum led to the identification of a class of polyoxygenated cembrane-type macrocyclic diterpenes (1-28), including three new flexible cembranoids, lobophycrasins E-G (2-4), and twenty-five known analogues. Their structures were elucidated by combining extensive spectroscopic data analysis, quantum mechanical-nuclear magnetic resonance (QM-NMR) methods, the modified Mosher's method, X-ray diffraction analysis, and comparison with data reported in the literature. Bioassays revealed that sixteen cembranoids inhibited the proliferation of H1975, MDA-MB231, A549, and H1299 cells. Among them, Compounds 10, 17, and 20 exhibited significant antiproliferative activities with IC50 values of 1.92-8.82 μM, which are very similar to that of the positive control doxorubicin. Molecular mechanistic studies showed that the antitumour activity of Compound 10 was closely related to regulation of the ROR1 and ErbB3 signalling pathways. This study may provide insight into the discovery and utilization of marine macrocyclic cembranoids as lead compounds for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Mao Shen
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Lin-Mao Ke
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Su
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Aboul-Soud MAM, Al-Sheikh YA, Ghneim HK, Supuran CT, Carta F. Kinase inhibitors: 20 years of success and many new challenges and recent trends in their patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:583-592. [PMID: 38784980 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2355247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinases (PKs) play key roles in cellular signaling and regulation cascades and therefore are listed among the most investigated enzymes with the intent to develop drugs that are able to modulate their catalytic features. Specifically, PKs are involved in chronic diseases of large impact in the society such as cancers and neurodegeneration. Since the approval of Fasudil for the management of cerebral vasospasm, frantic efforts are currently ongoing for the development of selective PK-modulating agents. AREAS COVERED A selection of the most relevant patents in the European Patent Office for biomedical innovation and/or industrial development covering the years 2020-2023 on PK modulators either of the antibody and small-molecule type is reported. In addition to the examined patents, we also reported the contributions claiming the use of antibody-targeted PKs for lab bench identification kits. EXPERT OPINION The field of PK modulators for biomedical purposes is particularly crowded with contributions, making it rich in valuable information for the development of potential drugs. An emerging frontier is represented by PK activators that aims to complement the use of PK inhibitors with the final intent of finely adjusting any PK-related disruption responsible for triggering any disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A Al-Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem K Ghneim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Ahsan R, Khan MM, Mishra A, Noor G, Ahmad U. Protein Kinases and their Inhibitors Implications in Modulating Disease Progression. Protein J 2023; 42:621-632. [PMID: 37768476 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in cellular pathways, including cell cycle regulation, metabolism, differentiation and survival. The protein kinase superfamily network consists of 518 members involved in intrinsic or extrinsic interaction processes. Protein kinases are divided into two categories based on their ability to phosphorylate tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. The complexity of the system implies its vulnerability. Any changes in the pathways of protein kinases may be implicated in pathological processes. Therefore, they are regarded as having an important role in human diseases and represent prospective therapeutic targets. This article provides a review of the protein kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA. Finally, we summarize the mechanism of action of protein kinases, including their role in the development and progression of protein kinase-related roles in various pathological conditions and the future therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors, along with links to protein kinase databases. Further clinical studies aimed at examining the sequence of protein kinase inhibitor availability would better utilize current protein kinase inhibitors in diseases. Additionally, this review may help researchers and biochemists find new potent and selective protein kinase inhibitors and provide more indications for using existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiya Ahsan
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Muazzam Khan
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Department of pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Gazala Noor
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Usama Ahmad
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Li X, Sun Z, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang M, Guo J, Li H, Chen M, Cao G, Yu Y, Zhong H, Zou H, Ma K, Zhang B, Wang G, Feng Y. ROR1-AS1 might promote in vivo and in vitro proliferation and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:912. [PMID: 37770853 PMCID: PMC10536779 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in many pathophysiological processes, including cancer progression. Namely, lncRNA Receptor-tyrosine-kinase-like orphan receptor-1 antisense 1 (ROR1-AS1) is crucial for cancer occurrence and progression in organs such as the liver or bladder. However, its expression and role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have not been thoroughly explored.Firstly, we assessed cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration using three cell lines (HuCCT-1, QBC399, and RBE) to explore the biological characteristics of ROR1-AS1 in CCA. Secondly, to determine the in vivo effect of ROR1-AS1 on tumor growth, ROR1-AS1 knockdown (KD) HuCCT-1 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to evaluate tumor growth. Finally, we conducted a bioinformatic analysis to confirm the role of ROR1-AS1 in the prognosis and immunity of CCA.In this study, we found that lncRNA ROR1-AS1 was increased in CCA samples and patients with higher ROR1-AS1 expression had a shorter overall survival period. siRNA-mediated KD of ROR1-AS1 significantly reduced cell proliferation and inhibited the migration of CCA cells. In addition, ROR1-AS1 KD HuCCT-1 cells injected into nude mice grew slower than normal CCA cells.In summary, our results show that ROR1-AS1 can promote CCA progression and might serve as a new target for diagnosis and treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, HuiKang Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of Qingdao, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266520, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of operating theater, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Qinlei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Maobing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Jingyun Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - MenShou Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Guanghua Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, HuiKang Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of Qingdao, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266520, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Haochen Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, HuiKang Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of Qingdao, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266520, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Guolei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, China
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Gupta SRR, Ta TM, Khan M, Singh A, Singh IK, Peethambaran B. Identification and validation of a small molecule targeting ROR1 for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1243763. [PMID: 37779899 PMCID: PMC10534069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1243763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with roughly 10-15% of new cases classified as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Traditional chemotherapies are often toxic to normal cells. Therefore, it is important to discover new anticancer compounds that target TNBC while causing minimal damage to normal cells. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal protein overexpressed in numerous human malignancies, including TNBC. This study investigated potential small molecules targeting ROR1. Methodology: Using AutoDock Vina and Glide, we screened 70,000 chemicals for our investigation. We obtained 10 representative compounds via consensus voting, deleting structural alerts, and clustering. After manual assessment, compounds 2 and 4 were chosen for MD simulation and cell viability experiment. Compound 4 showed promising results in the viability assay, which led us to move further with the apoptosis assay and immunoblotting. Results: Compound 4 (CID1261330) had docking scores of -6.635 and -10.8. It fits into the pocket and shows interactions with GLU64, ASP174, and PHE93. Its RMSD fluctuates around 0.20 nm and forms two stable H-bonds indicating compound 4 stability. It inhibits cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231, HCC1937, and HCC1395 cell lines, with IC50 values of approximately 2 μM to 10 μM, respectively. Compound 4 did not kill non-malignant epithelial breast cells MCF-10A (IC50 > 27 μM). These results were confirmed by the significant number of apoptotic cells in MDA-MB-231 cells (47.6%) but not in MCF-10A cells (7.3%). Immunoblot analysis provided additional support in the same direction. Discussion: These findings collectively suggest that compound 4 has the potential to effectively eliminate TNBC cells while causing minimal harm to normal breast cells. The promising outcomes of this study lay the groundwork for further testing of compound 4 in other malignancies characterized by ROR1 upregulation, serving as a proof-of-concept for its broader applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradheya R. R. Gupta
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Tram M. Ta
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maryam Khan
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bela Peethambaran
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Khalid Z, Coco S, Ullah N, Pulliero A, Cortese K, Varesano S, Orsi A, Izzotti A. Anticancer Activity of Measles-Mumps-Rubella MMR Vaccine Viruses against Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4304. [PMID: 37686579 PMCID: PMC10486717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been utilized since 1990s for targeted cancer treatment. Our study examined the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine's cancer-killing potency against Glioblastoma (GBM), a therapy-resistant, aggressive cancer type. METHODOLOGY We used GBM cell lines, primary GBM cells, and normal mice microglial cells, to assess the MMR vaccine's efficacy through cell viability, cell cycle analysis, intracellular viral load via RT-PCR, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). RESULTS After 72 h of MMR treatment, GBM cell lines and primary GBM cells exhibited significant viability reduction compared to untreated cells. Conversely, normal microglial cells showed only minor changes in viability and morphology. Intracellular viral load tests indicated GBM cells' increased sensitivity to MMR viruses compared to normal cells. The cell cycle study also revealed measles and mumps viruses' crucial role in cytopathic effects, with the rubella virus causing cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION Herein the reported results demonstrate the anti-cancer activity of the MMR vaccine against GBM cells. Accordingly, the MMR vaccine warrants further study as a potential new tool for GBM therapy and relapse prevention. Therapeutic potential of the MMR vaccine has been found to be promising in earlier studies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumama Khalid
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (Z.K.); (N.U.); (A.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Simona Coco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Nadir Ullah
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (Z.K.); (N.U.); (A.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Alessandra Pulliero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (Z.K.); (N.U.); (A.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Serena Varesano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (Z.K.); (N.U.); (A.P.); (A.O.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.V.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Peng H, Nerreter T, Mestermann K, Wachter J, Chang J, Hudecek M, Rader C. ROR1-targeting switchable CAR-T cells for cancer therapy. Oncogene 2022; 41:4104-4114. [PMID: 35859167 PMCID: PMC9398970 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The success of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies has prompted the development of numerous CAR-T technologies, including switchable CAR-T (sCAR-T) systems that combine a universal CAR-T with bispecific adapter proteins. Owing to their controllability and versatility, sCAR-Ts have received considerable attention. To explore the therapeutic utility of sCAR-Ts targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1, which is expressed in hematologic and solid malignancies, and to identify bispecific adaptor proteins that efficiently mediate universal CAR-T engagement, a panel of switches based on ROR1-targeting Fabs with different epitopes and affinities was compared in in vitro and in vivo models of ROR1-expressing cancers. For switches targeting overlapping or identical epitopes, potency correlated with affinity. Surprisingly, however, we identified a switch targeting a unique epitope with low affinity but mediating potent and selective antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Converted to a conventional CAR-T, the same anti-ROR1 mAb (324) outperformed a clinically investigated conventional CAR-T that is based on an anti-ROR1 mAb (R12) with ~200-fold higher affinity. Thus, demonstrating therapeutic utility on their own, sCAR-Ts also facilitate higher throughput screening for the identification of conventional CAR-T candidates for preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
| | - Thomas Nerreter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Mestermann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Wachter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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Developing ROR1 Targeting CAR-T Cells against Solid Tumors in Preclinical Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153618. [PMID: 35892876 PMCID: PMC9331269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated promising clinical benefits against B-cell malignancies. Yet, its application for solid tumors is still facing challenges. Unlike haematological cancers, solid tumors often lack good targets, which are ideally expressed on the tumor cells, but not by the normal healthy cells. Fortunately, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is among a few good cancer targets that is aberrantly expressed on various tumors but has a low expression on normal tissue, suggesting it as a good candidate for CAR-T therapy. Here, we constructed two ROR1 CARs with the same antigen recognition domain that was derived from Zilovertamab but differing in hinge regions. Both CARs target ROR1+ cancer cells specifically, but CAR with a shorter IgG4 hinge exhibits a higher surface expression and better in vitro functionality. We further tested the ROR1 CAR-T in three human solid tumor xenografted mouse models. Our ROR1 CAR-T cells controlled the solid tumor growth without causing any severe toxicity. Our results demonstrated that ROR1 CAR-T derived from Zilovertamab is efficacious and safe to suppress ROR1+ solid tumors in vitro and in vivo, providing a promising therapeutic option for future clinical application.
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Wang ML, Barrientos JC, Furman RR, Mei M, Barr PM, Choi MY, de Vos S, Kallam A, Patel K, Kipps TJ, Rule S, Flanders K, Jessen KA, Ren H, Riebling PC, Graham P, King L, Thurston AW, Sun M, Schmidt EM, Lannutti BJ, Johnson DM, Miller LL, Spurgeon SE. Zilovertamab Vedotin Targeting of ROR1 as Therapy for Lymphoid Cancers. NEJM EVIDENCE 2022; 1:EVIDoa2100001. [PMID: 38319241 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal protein present on many cancers. Zilovertamab vedotin (ZV) is an antibody–drug conjugate comprising a monoclonal antibody recognizing extracellular ROR1, a cleavable linker, and the anti-microtubule cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E. METHODS: In this phase 1, first-in-human, dose-escalation study, we accrued patients with previously treated lymphoid cancers to receive ZV every 3 weeks until the occurrence of cancer progression or unacceptable toxicity had occurred. RESULTS: We enrolled 32 patients with tumor histologies of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (n=15), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n=7), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (n=5), follicular lymphoma (n=3), Richter transformation lymphoma (n=1), or marginal zone lymphoma (n=1). Patients had received a median of four previous drug and/or cellular therapies. Starting dose levels were 0.5 (n=1), 1.0 (n=3), 1.5 (n=3), 2.25 (n=11), and 2.5 (n=14) mg per kg of body weight (mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data documented systemic ZV exposure and exposure-dependent ZV targeting of ROR1 on circulating tumor cells. As expected with an monomethyl auristatin E-containing antibody–drug conjugate, adverse events (AEs) included acute neutropenia and cumulative neuropathy resulting in a recommended ZV dosing regimen of 2.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks. No clinically concerning AEs occurred to suggest ROR1-mediated toxicities or nonspecific ZV binding to normal tissues. ZV induced objective tumor responses in 7 of 15 patients with MCL (47%; 4 partial and 3 complete) and in 3 of 5 patients with DLBCL (60%; 1 partial and 2 complete); objective tumor responses were not observed among patients with other tumor types. CONCLUSIONS: In heavily pretreated patients, ZV demonstrated no unexpected toxicities and showed evidence of antitumor activity, providing clinical proof of concept for selective targeting of ROR1 as a potential new approach to cancer therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03833180.)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sven de Vos
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lydia King
- Catalyst Clinical Research, Wilmington, NC
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10
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Peng H. Perspectives on the development of antibody-drug conjugates targeting ROR1 for hematological and solid cancers. Antib Ther 2021; 4:222-227. [PMID: 34805745 PMCID: PMC8597957 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted therapeutics generated by conjugation of cytotoxic small molecules to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) via chemical linkers. Due to their selective delivery of toxic payloads to antigen-positive cancer cells, ADCs demonstrate wider therapeutic indexes compared with conventional chemotherapy. After decades of intensive research and development, significant advances have been made in the field, leading to a total of 10 U.S. food and drug administration (FDA)-approved ADCs to treat cancer patients. Currently, ~80 ADCs targeting different antigens are under clinical evaluation for treatment of either hematological or solid malignancies. Notably, three ADCs targeting the same oncofetal protein, receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), have attracted considerable attention when they were acquired or licensed successively in the fourth quarter of 2020 by three major pharmaceutical companies. Apparently, ROR1 has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Since all the components of ADCs, including the antibody, linker and payload, as well as the conjugation method, play critical roles in ADC’s efficacy and performance, their choice and combination will determine how far they can be advanced. This review summarizes the design and development of current anti-ROR1 ADCs and highlights an emerging trend to target ROR1 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, C278, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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11
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Al-Mansoori L, Elsinga P, Goda SK. Bio-vehicles of cytotoxic drugs for delivery to tumor specific targets for cancer precision therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112260. [PMID: 34607105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal structural and molecular changes in malignant tissues were thoroughly investigated and utilized to target tumor cells, hence rescuing normal healthy tissues and lowering the unwanted side effects as non-specific cytotoxicity. Various ligands for cancer cell specific markers have been uncovered and inspected for directional delivery of the anti-cancer drug to the tumor site, in addition to diagnostic applications. Over the past few decades research related to the ligand targeted therapy (LTT) increased tremendously aiming to treat various pathologies, mainly cancers with well exclusive markers. Malignant tumors are known to induce elevated levels of a variety of proteins and peptides known as cancer "markers" as certain antigens (e.g., Prostate specific membrane antigen "PSMA", carcinoembryonic antigen "CEA"), receptors (folate receptor, somatostatin receptor), integrins (Integrin αvβ3) and cluster of differentiation molecules (CD13). The choice of an appropriate marker to be targeted and the design of effective ligand-drug conjugate all has to be carefully selected to generate the required therapeutic effect. Moreover, since some tumors express aberrantly high levels of more than one marker, some approaches investigated targeting cancer cells with more than one ligand (dual or multi targeting). We aim in this review to report an update on the cancer-specific receptors and the vehicles to deliver cytotoxic drugs, including recent advancements on nano delivery systems and their implementation in targeted cancer therapy. We will discuss the advantages and limitations facing this approach and possible solutions to mitigate these obstacles. To achieve the said aim a literature search in electronic data bases (PubMed and others) using keywords "Cancer specific receptors, cancer specific antibody, tumor specific peptide carriers, cancer overexpressed proteins, gold nanotechnology and gold nanoparticles in cancer treatment" was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Al-Mansoori
- Qatar University, Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Philip Elsinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sayed K Goda
- Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Giza, Egypt; University of Derby, College of Science and Engineering, Derby, UK.
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12
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Yu X, Xu J. A 'Goldmine' for digging cancer-specific targets: the genes essential for embryo development but non-essential for adult life. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:669-673. [PMID: 32470104 PMCID: PMC7749735 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Moghbeli M, Zangouei AS, Nasrpour Navaii Z, Taghehchian N. Molecular mechanisms of the microRNA-132 during tumor progressions. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:439. [PMID: 34419060 PMCID: PMC8379808 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer as one of the leading causes of human deaths has always been one of the main health challenges in the world. Despite recent advances in therapeutic and diagnostic methods, there is still a high mortality rate among cancer patients. Late diagnosis is one of the main reasons for the high ratio of cancer related deaths. Therefore, it is required to introduce novel early detection methods. Various molecular mechanisms are associated with the tumor progression and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) family that has important functions in regulation of the cellular processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor progression. Moreover, they have higher stability in body fluids compared with mRNAs which can be introduced as non-invasive diagnostic markers in cancer patients. MiR-132 has important functions as tumor suppressor or oncogene in different cancers. In the present review, we have summarized all of the studies which have been reported the role of miR-132 during tumor progressions. We categorized the miR-132 target genes based on their cell and molecular functions. Although, it has been reported that the miR-132 mainly functions as a tumor suppressor, it has also oncogenic functions especially in pancreatic tumors. MiR-132 mainly exerts its roles during tumor progressions by regulation of the transcription factors and signaling pathways. Present review clarifies the tumor specific molecular mechanisms of miR-132 to introduce that as an efficient non-invasive diagnostic marker in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasrpour Navaii
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Nagle SJ, Murphree C, Raess PW, Schachter L, Chen A, Hayes‐Lattin B, Nemecek E, Maziarz RT. Prolonged hematologic toxicity following treatment with chimeric antigen receptor T cells in patients with hematologic malignancies. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:455-461. [PMID: 33529419 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T) is a novel intervention for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) and other hematologic malignancies. However, it is associated with prolonged hematologic toxicity (PHT) that is unpredictable and can significantly impair patients' quality of life. Reported here is a single-center experience with PHT in adult patients with R/R DLBCL who received commercial CAR T-cell therapy between March 1, 2018 and May 30, 2020. Prolonged hematologic toxicity was defined as ≥ grade 3 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia at day +30 after CAR T-cell therapy. Of the 31 patients identified, 18 patients (58%) developed PHT. Patients with PHT had a shorter 1-year overall survival (OS) than patients without PHT (36% vs. 81%, P < .05). There were no differences in the median time to ANC recovery for those with PHT compared to patients without PHT (16 days vs. 15 days). Several risk factors were identified to be associated with PHT including CRS (P = .002), receipt of tocilizumab (P = .002) or steroids (P = .033), peak ferritin >5000 ng/ml (P = .048), peak C-reactive protein (CRP) > 100 mg/L (P = .007), and ferritin greater than the upper limit of normal at day +30. Seven patients with PHT underwent a bone marrow biopsy after CAR T-cell therapy; all showed complete aplasia or were hypocellular with cellularity ranging from <5% to 10%. These findings identify PHT as a significant toxicity associated with CAR T-cell therapy and highlight the critical need for further investigations to describe PHT in larger cohorts and identify standards for management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Nagle
- Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon
| | - Catherine Murphree
- Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon
| | - Philipp W. Raess
- Department of Pathology Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon
| | - Levanto Schachter
- Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon
| | - Andy Chen
- Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon
| | | | - Eneida Nemecek
- Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon
| | - Richard T. Maziarz
- Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon
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15
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van Schie EH, van Amerongen R. Aberrant WNT/CTNNB1 Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Human Breast Cancer: Weighing the Evidence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:25. [PMID: 32083079 PMCID: PMC7005411 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling is crucial for tissue morphogenesis during development in all multicellular animals. After birth, WNT/CTNNB1 responsive stem cells are responsible for tissue homeostasis in various organs and hyperactive WNT/CTNNB1 signaling is observed in many different human cancers. The first link between WNT signaling and breast cancer was established almost 40 years ago, when Wnt1 was identified as a proto-oncogene capable of driving mammary tumor formation in mice. Since that discovery, there has been a dedicated search for aberrant WNT signaling in human breast cancer. However, much debate and controversy persist regarding the importance of WNT signaling for the initiation, progression or maintenance of different breast cancer subtypes. As the first drugs designed to block functional WNT signaling have entered clinical trials, many questions about the role of aberrant WNT signaling in human breast cancer remain. Here, we discuss three major research gaps in this area. First, we still lack a basic understanding of the function of WNT signaling in normal human breast development and physiology. Second, the overall extent and precise effect of (epi)genetic changes affecting the WNT pathway in different breast cancer subtypes are still unknown. Which underlying molecular and cell biological mechanisms are disrupted as a result also awaits further scrutiny. Third, we survey the current status of targeted therapeutics that are aimed at interfering with the WNT pathway in breast cancer patients and highlight the importance and complexity of selecting the subset of patients that may benefit from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Section of Molecular Cytology and van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Miyake N, Ochi N, Yamane H, Fukazawa T, Ikeda T, Yokota E, Takeyama M, Nakagawa N, Nakanishi H, Kohara H, Nagasaki Y, Kawahara T, Ichiyama N, Yamatsuji T, Naomoto Y, Takigawa N. Targeting ROR1 in combination with pemetrexed in malignant mesothelioma cells. Lung Cancer 2019; 139:170-178. [PMID: 31809978 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is overexpressed in a subset of malignant cells. However, it remains unknown whether ROR1 is targetable in malignant mesothelioma (MM). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of ROR1 inhibition in mesothelioma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth inhibition, colony formation, apoptosis, and mRNA/protein levels using siRNA-transfected MM cells were evaluated. Cluster analysis using Gene Expression Omnibus repository of transcriptomic information was also performed. RESULTS Our results indicated that in three (H2052, H2452, and MESO-1) among four MM cell lines, ROR1 inhibition had anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects and suppressed the activation of AKT and STAT3. Although growth inhibition by siROR1 was minimal in another mesothelioma cell line (H28), colony formation was significantly suppressed. Microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses showed that there were differences in the suppression of mRNA and proteins between H2452 and H28 cells transfected with siROR1 compared with those transfected with control siRNA. Cluster analysis further showed that MM tumors had relatively high ROR1 expression, although the cluster in them was different from that in MM cell lines. Thymidylate synthase, a target of pemetrexed, was downregulated in H2452 cells transfected with siROR1. Accordingly, a combination of pemetrexed with siROR1 was found to be effective in the three MM cell lines we studied. CONCLUSION Our findings may provide novel therapeutic insight into the treatment of advanced MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Miyake
- General Medical Center Research Unit, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ochi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yamane
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukazawa
- General Medical Center Research Unit, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan; Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ikeda
- General Medical Center Research Unit, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Etsuko Yokota
- General Medical Center Research Unit, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Masami Takeyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Nozomu Nakagawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nakanishi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kohara
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nagasaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kawahara
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Ichiyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamatsuji
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshio Naomoto
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Nagio Takigawa
- General Medical Center Research Unit, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play important roles in cell growth, motility, differentiation, and survival. These single-pass membrane proteins are grouped into subfamilies based on the similarity of their extracellular domains. They are generally thought to be activated by ligand binding, which promotes homodimerization and then autophosphorylation in trans. However, RTK interactions are more complicated, as RTKs can interact in the absence of ligand and heterodimerize within and across subfamilies. Here, we review the known cross-subfamily RTK heterointeractions and their possible biological implications, as well as the methodologies which have been used to study them. Moreover, we demonstrate how thermodynamic models can be used to study RTKs and to explain many of the complicated biological effects which have been described in the literature. Finally, we discuss the concept of the RTK interactome: a putative, extensive network of interactions between the RTKs. This RTK interactome can produce unique signaling outputs; can amplify, inhibit, and modify signaling; and can allow for signaling backups. The existence of the RTK interactome could provide an explanation for the irreproducibility of experimental data from different studies and for the failure of some RTK inhibitors to produce the desired therapeutic effects. We argue that a deeper knowledge of RTK interactome thermodynamics can lead to a better understanding of fundamental RTK signaling processes in health and disease. We further argue that there is a need for quantitative, thermodynamic studies that probe the strengths of the interactions between RTKs and their ligands and between different RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Paul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218
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18
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Mao Y, Xu L, Wang J, Zhang L, Hou N, Xu J, Wang L, Yang S, Chen Y, Xiong L, Zhu J, Fan W, Xu J. ROR1 associates unfavorable prognosis and promotes lymphoma growth in DLBCL by affecting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Biofactors 2019; 45:416-426. [PMID: 30801854 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The receptor-tyrosine-kinase (RTK)-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein regarded as a tumor-associated antigen. ROR1 plays an important role in cancer development, but the detailed function of ROR1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. In this study, we first detected ROR1 expression and evaluated the relationship between ROR1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of DLBCL patients. Next we employed shRNA-mediated knockdown of ROR1 in DLBCL cell line to explore the characteristics of ROR1 in DLBCL development both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed a significantly higher level of ROR1 in DLBCL tissues than in lymphatic hyperplasia tissues. High ROR1 expression was correlated with unfavorable prognosis in DLBCL patients. Furthermore, ROR1 knockdown inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis in DLBCL cells and xenografts. In addition, shROR1 inhibited activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that ROR1 is a novel prognostic marker for DLBCL survival and ROR1 significantly promotes DLBCL tumorigenesis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Targeting ROR1 may provide a promising strategy for DLBCL treatment. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):416-426, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Hou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juqing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifei Fan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaren Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Kamrani A, Mehdizadeh A, Ahmadi M, Aghebati-Maleki L, Yousefi M. Therapeutic approaches for targeting receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor-1 in cancer cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:447-456. [PMID: 30935250 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1602608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a high expression of receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor-1 (ROR-1), a tyrosine kinase receptor, in various tumor-cell types. ROR-1 is involved in many key processes in cancer including proliferation, survival and metastasis. Hence, ROR-1 is an attractive and promising therapeutic target. There are many therapeutic approaches that target ROR-1 and these include specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), modified T cells (CART cell), miRNAs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Areas covered: This review examines ROR-1 structure and function, immunotherapeutic strategies including specific chimeric antigen receptor (CARs) T cells and miRNAs and other targeted approaches such as the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Expert opinion: Chimeric antibodies, CARs T cells, bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTEs), miRNAs and TKIs are used to target the ROR-1 marker on cancer cell lines. By selecting the most favorable therapeutic approaches regarding ROR-1 in vivo, anti-ROR-1 antibodies or CAR T cells can be also used for diagnosis of ROR-1+ cancer cells in new technologies such as biosensors. Moreover, ROR-1 targeted combination therapy with other cancer biomarkers could be considered a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kamrani
- a Aging Research Institute , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student research committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- c Endocrine Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Comprehensive Health Lab , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- e Stem Cell Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- f Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,g Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- e Stem Cell Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,f Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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20
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Analysis of ROR1 Protein Expression in Mice with Reconstituted Human Immune System Components. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2480931. [PMID: 29850623 PMCID: PMC5932492 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2480931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal antigen expressed on multiple tumors and has no significant expression on normal human tissues. ROR1 is highly upregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. NOD-scid IL2rg−/− (NSG) mice engrafted with human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (huNSG) achieved multilineage human immune cell reconstitution including B cells, T cells, NK cells, and DCs. Like the CLL patients, huNSG mice have abnormally high percentage of CD5-expressing B cells in the periphery. In light of this, we aim to determine whether ROR1 is expressed on huNSG B cells. Using flow cytometry analysis, we found that ROR1 was highly expressed in a proportion of bone marrow, spleen, and blood B cells, which were mostly immature B cells. Transplantation of the oncogene TCL-1-transduced CD34+ cells in neonatal NSG mice did not increase the frequency of ROR1-expressing B cells, but the mouse with the highest engraftment of transduced cells developed a tumor-like lump consisting of a high percentage of ROR1-expressing B cells. This study highlights the potential use of huNSG mice to study B cell malignant diseases and to evaluate immunotherapeutics targeting ROR1.
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21
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Roy JP, Halford MM, Stacker SA. The biochemistry, signalling and disease relevance of RYK and other WNT-binding receptor tyrosine kinases. Growth Factors 2018; 36:15-40. [PMID: 29806777 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2018.1472089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a well-characterized family of growth factor receptors that have central roles in human disease and are frequently therapeutically targeted. The RYK, ROR, PTK7 and MuSK subfamilies make up an understudied subset of WNT-binding RTKs. Numerous developmental, stem cell and pathological roles of WNTs, in particular WNT5A, involve signalling via these WNT receptors. The WNT-binding RTKs have highly context-dependent signalling outputs and stimulate the β-catenin-dependent, planar cell polarity and/or WNT/Ca2+ pathways. RYK, ROR and PTK7 members have a pseudokinase domain in their intracellular regions. Alternative signalling mechanisms, including proteolytic cleavage and protein scaffolding functions, have been identified for these receptors. This review explores the structure, signalling, physiological and pathological roles of RYK, with particular attention paid to cancer and the possibility of therapeutically targeting RYK. The other WNT-binding RTKs are compared with RYK throughout to highlight the similarities and differences within this subset of WNT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Roy
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Michael M Halford
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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22
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Simultaneous multiple interaction T-cell engaging (SMITE) bispecific antibodies overcome bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) resistance via CD28 co-stimulation. Leukemia 2018; 32:1239-1243. [PMID: 29588544 PMCID: PMC5943151 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Hassannia H, Amiri MM, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Hosseini-Ghatar R, Khoshnoodi J, Sharifian RA, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Shokri F. Inhibition of tumor growth by mouse ROR1 specific antibody in a syngeneic mouse tumor model. Immunol Lett 2018; 193:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Liu Y, Wang G, Yang X, Li P, Ling H, Zhu S. MicroRNA-27b-3p regulates function and metabolism in insulin resistance cells by inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739218762058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with insulin resistance-induced lipid and glucose metabolism disorder. The study was aimed to explore the potential functional role of microRNA (miR)-27b-3p in T2DM, as well as underlying mechanisms. An insulin resistance cell model was induced in HepG2 cells and then expression of miR-27b-3p and receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) was analyzed. The expression of miR-27b-3p was overexpressed or silenced, and the relationship between ROR1 and miR-27b-3p was investigated. Thereafter, the effects of miR-27b-3p on percentage of glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation and cell cycle were analyzed. The expressions of miR-27b-3p were significantly increased, while the ROR1 levels were statistically decreased in the cells of the model group. Overexpression of miR-27b-3p dramatically decreased the levels of ROR1 and the percentage of glucose uptake, but had no effects on fatty acid oxidation. ROR1 was a target of miR-27b-3p. Moreover, overexpression of miR-27b-3p could remarkably highlight the percentages of cells at G0/G1 phase, but decreased the percentages of cells at S phase. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-27b-3p regulates the function and metabolism of insulin resistance cells by inhibiting ROR1. miR-27b-3p might be a potential drug target in treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Center of Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengzhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Ling
- Department of Equipment, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Zheng PP, Li J, Kros JM. Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: Critical research-practice gaps, challenges, and insights. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:325-376. [PMID: 28862319 PMCID: PMC5763363 DOI: 10.1002/med.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, five cancer treatment modalities have been defined. The three traditional modalities of cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy, and the two modern modalities include molecularly targeted therapy (the fourth modality) and immunotherapy (the fifth modality). The cardiotoxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well known. Similar adverse cardiac events are resurging with the fourth modality. Aside from the conventional and newer targeted agents, even the most newly developed, immune‐based therapeutic modalities of anticancer treatment (the fifth modality), e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, have unfortunately led to potentially lethal cardiotoxicity in patients. Cardiac complications represent unresolved and potentially life‐threatening conditions in cancer survivors, while effective clinical management remains quite challenging. As a consequence, morbidity and mortality related to cardiac complications now threaten to offset some favorable benefits of modern cancer treatments in cancer‐related survival, regardless of the oncologic prognosis. This review focuses on identifying critical research‐practice gaps, addressing real‐world challenges and pinpointing real‐time insights in general terms under the context of clinical cardiotoxicity induced by the fourth and fifth modalities of cancer treatment. The information ranges from basic science to clinical management in the field of cardio‐oncology and crosses the interface between oncology and onco‐pharmacology. The complexity of the ongoing clinical problem is addressed at different levels. A better understanding of these research‐practice gaps may advance research initiatives on the development of mechanism‐based diagnoses and treatments for the effective clinical management of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Pin Zheng
- Cardio-Oncology Research Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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He L, Qu L, Wei L, Chen Y, Suo J. Reduction of miR‑132‑3p contributes to gastric cancer proliferation by targeting MUC13. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3055-3061. [PMID: 28339011 PMCID: PMC5428394 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been widely seen in gastric cancer. The present study focused on the miRNAs that regulate human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) activation through mucin 13 (MUC13). The protein level of MUC13 was demonstrated to be significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal tissues by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. TargetScan bioinformatic predictions indicated that miRNA (miR)-212-3p and miR-132-3p may bind to the 3′-untranslated region of MUC13. Further investigation revealed that miR-132-3p was significantly decreased in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, whereas miR-212-3p expression was unaffected. Luciferase assays and western blot confirmed MUC13 as a target gene of miR-132-3p. Inhibition of miR-132-3p enhanced gastric cancer cell migration through activation of HER2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt serine/threonine kinase (Akt) signaling, which was a similar effect to that of MUC13 overexpression. In summary, reduction of miR-132-3p may contribute to gastric cancer proliferation by targeting MUC13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Suo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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27
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Aghebati-Maleki L, Younesi V, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Baradaran B, Majidi J, Yousefi M. Isolation and characterization of anti ROR1 single chain fragment variable antibodies using phage display technique. Hum Antibodies 2017; 25:57-63. [PMID: 28128766 DOI: 10.3233/hab-170310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR1) belongs to one of the families of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). RTKs are involved in the various physiologic cellular functions including proliferation, migration, survival, signaling and differentiation. Several RTKs are deregulated in various cancers implying the targeting potential of these molecules in cancer therapy. ROR1 has recently been shown to be expressed in various types of cancer cells but not in normal adult cells. Hence a molecular inhibitor of extracellular domain of ROR1 that inhibits ROR1-cell surface interaction is of great therapeutic importance. In an attempt to develop molecular inhibitors of ROR1, we screened single chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display libraries, Tomlinson I + J, against one specific synthetic oligopeptide from extracellular domain of ROR1 and selected scFvs were characterized using various immunological techniques. Several ROR1 specific scFvs were selected following five rounds of panning procedure. The scFvs showed specific binding to ROR1 using immunological techniques. Our results demonstrate successful isolation and characterization of specific ROR1 scFvs that may have great therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Younesi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Pishtaz Teb Zaman Diagnostics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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Aghebati-Maleki L, Shabani M, Baradaran B, Motallebnezhad M, Majidi J, Yousefi M. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR-1): An emerging target for diagnosis and therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:814-822. [PMID: 28160756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by reposition of malignant B cells in the blood, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes. It remains the most common leukemia in the Western world. Within the recent years, major breakthroughs have been made to prolong the survival and improve the health of patients. Despite these advances, CLL is still recognized as a disease without definitive cure. New treatment approaches, based on unique targets and novel drugs, are highly desired for CLL therapy. The Identification and subsequent targeting of molecules that are overexpressed uniquely in malignant cells not normal ones play critical roles in the success of anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this regard, ROR family proteins are known as a subgroup of protein kinases which have gained huge popularity in the scientific community for the diagnosis and treatment of different cancer types. ROR1 as an antigen exclusively expressed on the surface of tumor cells can be a target for immunotherapy. ROR-1 targeting using different approaches such as siRNA, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cell therapy and antibody induces tumor growth suppression in cancer cells. In the current review, we aim to present an overview of the efforts and scientific achievements in targeting ROR family, particularly ROR-1, for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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29
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Zhang XY, Zhang PY. Receptor tyrosine kinases in carcinogenesis. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3679-3682. [PMID: 27900053 PMCID: PMC5104145 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell surface glycoproteins with enzymatic activity involved in the regulation of various important functions. In all-important physiological functions including differentiation, cell-cell interactions, survival, proliferation, metabolism, migration and signaling these receptors are the key players of regulation. Additionally, mutations of RTKs or their overexpression have been described in many human cancers and are being explored as a novel avenue for a new therapeutic approach. Some of the deregulated RTKs observed to be significantly affected in cancers included vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, RTK-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. These deregulated RTKs offer attractive possibilities for the new anticancer therapeutic approach involving specific targeting by monoclonal antibodies as well as kinase. The present review aimed to highlight recent perspectives of RTK ROR1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Information Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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30
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Yang J, Chen J, He J, Li J, Shi J, Cho WC, Liu X. Wnt signaling as potential therapeutic target in lung cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:999-1015. [PMID: 26882052 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1154945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling is tightly regulated at multiple cellular levels and is dysregulated in lung cancer. Therefore, it offers therapeutic targets for developing novel agents for lung cancer treatment. AREAS COVERED In this article, we discuss the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer, highlighting the aberrant activation of Wnt in lung cancer stem cells and its implication in resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. We also expound the regulatory roles of microRNAs in Wnt signaling, as well as the potential of the Wnt pathway to provide biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer. The potential use of small molecule and biological inhibitors targeting the Wnt pathway for lung cancer therapy and prevention is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Wnt signaling plays an important role in the development and metastasis of lung cancer; the pathway provides targets to develop agents towards for cancer prevention and therapy. A number of clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of Wnt pathway inhibitors in epithelial tumors. However, the side effects should be considered. Nevertheless, the results from clinical studies suggest that inhibitors targeting the Wnt signaling show promise against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China
| | - Juan Chen
- b Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Jinxi He
- c Department of Thoracic Surgery , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Jing Li
- c Department of Thoracic Surgery , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Juan Shi
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China
| | - William C Cho
- d Department of Clinical Oncology , Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China.,e Human Stem Cell Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
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31
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Wurz GT, Kao CJ, DeGregorio MW. Novel cancer antigens for personalized immunotherapies: latest evidence and clinical potential. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2016; 8:4-31. [PMID: 26753003 DOI: 10.1177/1758834015615514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint modulators such as ipilimumab, which targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and the recently approved agents nivolumab and pembrolizumab, which target programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), has stimulated renewed enthusiasm for anticancer immunotherapy, which was heralded by Science as 'Breakthrough of the Year' in 2013. As the potential of cancer immunotherapy has been recognized since the 1890s when William Coley showed that bacterial products could be beneficial in cancer patients, leveraging the immune system in the treatment of cancer is certainly not a new concept; however, earlier attempts to develop effective therapeutic vaccines and antibodies against solid tumors, for example, melanoma, frequently met with failure due in part to self-tolerance and the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Increased knowledge of the mechanisms through which cancer evades the immune system and the identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and negative immune checkpoint regulators have led to the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific tumor antigens and immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. This review first discusses the established targets of currently approved cancer immunotherapies and then focuses on investigational cancer antigens and their clinical potential. Because of the highly heterogeneous nature of tumors, effective anticancer immunotherapy-based treatment regimens will likely require a personalized combination of therapeutic vaccines, antibodies and chemotherapy that fit the specific biology of a patient's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Wurz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Chiao-Jung Kao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michael W DeGregorio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis, 4501 X Street Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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32
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Kokhaei P, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Sotoodeh Jahromi A, Osterborg A, Mellstedt H, Hojjat-Farsangi M. Ibrutinib-A double-edge sword in cancer and autoimmune disorders. J Drug Target 2015; 24:373-85. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1086357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | | | - Anders Osterborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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