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Tiernan C, Schwarz DJ, Goldberg A. Associations of Usual and Fast Gait Speed With Physical Performance and Balance Confidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Implications for Assessment. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2024; 47:192-201. [PMID: 37820362 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gait speed is a robust measure that offers many advantages clinically. However, decisions concerning its utilization exist, including whether to assess usual or fast gait speed. The current study aimed to identify whether usual or fast gait speed was more strongly associated with physical performance measures and balance confidence. A secondary aim was to explore these relationships within subgroups based on fall risk status. METHODS This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 57 community-dwelling older adults (77.2% female; mean age = 68.8, SD = 6.5 years, range = 60-87 years) who were assessed on the following variables: usual and fast gait speed, knee extension strength, step execution time, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-6). Spearman ρ correlations were computed to determine bivariate associations of usual and fast gait speed with physical performance measures and balance confidence for the whole sample and within subgroups based on fall risk [lower fall risk (n = 28) vs higher fall risk (n = 29)]. Multiple linear regression models were estimated with either usual or fast gait speed as key predictors of knee extension strength, step execution time, 6MWT, and ABC-6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Stronger correlations were observed for fast gait speed compared with usual gait speed with all physical performance measures and balance confidence for the entire sample and within the higher fall risk group. Multiple regression results indicated that models with fast rather than usual gait speed as the key predictor explained more of the variance in 6MWT ( R2 = 64.5% vs 45.6%), ABC-6 ( R2 = 28.5% vs 25.4%), step execution time ( R2 = 24.9% vs 19.0%), and knee extension strength ( R2 = 15.7% vs 7.2%). CONCLUSIONS Fast gait speed showed stronger associations and better predictive capabilities compared with usual gait speed with physical performance measures and balance confidence in older adults. Despite being measured less often than usual gait speed, fast gait speed assessment warrants additional consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Tiernan
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint
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Hainline G, Hainline RD, Handlery R, Fritz S. A Scoping Review of the Predictive Qualities of Walking Speed in Older Adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2024; 47:183-191. [PMID: 37820357 PMCID: PMC11006824 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Walking speed (WS) is an easily assessable and interpretable functional outcome measure with great utility for the physical therapist providing care to older adults. Since WS was proposed as the sixth vital sign, research into its interpretation and use has flourished. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the current prognostic value of WS for the older adult. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus to find relevant articles highlighting the predictive capabilities of WS for older adults. Titles and abstracts were reviewed to identify relevant articles. Articles were excluded based on the following criteria: sample included both younger and older adults without separate analyses, sample was focused on a particular disease, if the study was published before 2017, or if the study did not report relevant cut points for interpretation of WS. The search returned 1064 results. Following removal of articles not meeting inclusion criteria and critical appraisal, relevant cut points were extracted from 47 original research publications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A preliminary review of the included articles showed that WS is a valuable prognostic tool across many health domains, including mental health, mortality, disability, pain, bone and joint health, falls, cognition, physical activity, metabolic health, risk for cardiovascular disease, socialization, and metabolic health. The fastest WS of 1.32 meters per second (m/s) served as a cutoff for decreased risk for incident development of type 2 diabetes, while the slowest WS of less than 0.2 m/s was associated with increased duration of hospitalization. Multiple studies reported on the prognostic value of WS slower than 1.0 m/s. CONCLUSION Although the reported range of predictive WS values was broad, multiple studies found WS of approximately 1.0 m/s to be a useful marker for delineating risk or decline across a variety of health domains. Clinicians may find it useful to use a WS slower than 1.0 m/s as a "yellow flag" to guide evaluation and intervention for their older adult clients.
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Hettiarachchi J, Feyesa I, Daly RM, George ES, Georgousopoulou EN, Scott D, Baguley BJ, Tan SY. Effect of peanut butter supplementation on physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: study protocol for a 6-month randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e086232. [PMID: 39242158 PMCID: PMC11381714 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing is associated with physical and cognitive declines, which may be further exacerbated by poor nutrition. Nuts are energy and nutrient dense, and their consumption is associated with better physical and cognitive functions in older adults, but data from interventional studies are limited. This 6-month randomised controlled trial is designed to investigate the effects of consuming 43 g/day of peanut butter (equivalent to 1.5 servings of nuts) on physical function, including walking speed (primary outcome), standing and dynamic balance, upper and lower body strength, lower body power and endurance, and associated factors including muscle mass, cognitive function and DNA telomere length in community-dwelling older adults. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A total of 120 participants aged ≥65 years will be recruited and randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to either the intervention group (n=60) that will receive individually packaged sealed containers containing 43 g of peanut butter to be consumed once daily for 6 months alongside habitual diet, or the control group (n=60) that will maintain their habitual diet. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 6 months. The primary outcome is walking speed assessed using the 4 m usual gait speed test. Secondary outcomes include other physical function assessments: standing balance, chair stand time, timed-up-and-go test and four-square step test; and hand grip and knee extensor muscle strength; cognitive function assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and trail making tests; body composition; nutritional status; and DNA telomere length from participants' buccal cell samples. Linear mixed models will be used to compare changes in outcomes between intervention and control groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol is approved by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12622001291774. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR12622001291774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeew Hettiarachchi
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilili Feyesa
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena S George
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Scott
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brenton J Baguley
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Bof de Andrade F, Freitas RL, de Oliveira Duarte YA, de Oliveira C, Sabbah W, Bernabe E, Santos JLF. Longitudinal association between dentition status and gait speed among older Brazilian adults: SABE cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:734. [PMID: 39232669 PMCID: PMC11373104 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health has been associated with general health conditions, but few longitudinal studies evaluated the effect of dentition status on gait speed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between different time-varying measures of dentition status (i.e., number of teeth, the presence of periodontal pockets and the functional impact of oral health) and gait speed (outcome) in older Brazilian adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective study using data from the Health, Well-being and Aging cohort study (SABE) from 2006, 2010 and 2015. The gait speed was the dependent variable and the independent variables of interest were dentition status evaluated using the number of teeth, use of dental prostheses, presence of periodontal pocket, clinical attachment loss and self-perceived poor functional oral health. Dentition status measures were obtained through clinical oral examinations, performed by trained dentists using standardized criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. Self-perceived poor functional oral health was evaluated using the functional domain of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. The longitudinal effect of dentition status on gait speed was evaluated using mixed-effects linear models. The effect of the number of teeth/periodontal pocket/attachment loss on gait speed change over time was evaluated by including an interaction term between these variables. The effect of periodontal pocket was tested only among dentate individuals. RESULTS Data for the complete sample included 3,306 observations from 1,964 individuals. The analyses for dentate individuals included 1,883 observations from 1,149 individuals. There was a positive association between the number of teeth and mean gait speed. Individuals using dental prostheses also had higher means of gait speed than those without dental prostheses. Gait speed was lower among individuals with periodontal pockets and with attachment loss. No interaction was found between any of the indicators of dentition status and time. CONCLUSION Gait speed was associated with dentition status and this association was constant over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Bof de Andrade
- Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Renata Lara Freitas
- Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Lozano-Meca J, Montilla-Herrador J, Gacto-Sánchez M. Gait speed in knee osteoarthritis: A simple 10-meter walk test predicts the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2024; 72:102983. [PMID: 38851178 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a common performance-measure in Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), but the pain and functional impairment characterizing the condition may interfere its adequate performance. OBJECTIVES The shorter 10-m Walk Test (10mWT) could predict the distance performed on the 6MWT, therefore decreasing the burden on patients, enhancing efficiency, and reducing space- and time-constraints in clinical settings. DESIGN A cross sectional study was conducted. METHODS The scores from the 6MWT and the shorter 10mWT of 58 ambulatory subjects with KOA were compared. Correlation, and a univariate regression analysis to explore the predictive ability of the 10mWT, were calculated. RESULTS Correlation was excellent (r = 0.913, p-value<0.001), and the predictive equation based on the 10mWT scores (R2 = 0.834, p-value<0.001) estimates the distance walked in the 6MWT with a relative error of 7.62%. CONCLUSIONS The 10mWT may be an excellent assessment-tool to predict the distance walked in the 6MWT, due to its low strain on patients and as a means of improving efficiency and reducing time-constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lozano-Meca
- Faculty of Medicine, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquina Montilla-Herrador
- Faculty of Medicine, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mariano Gacto-Sánchez
- Faculty of Medicine, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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Qaisar R, Hussain S, Karim A, Muhammad T, Ustrana S, Azhar Hussain M, Ahmad F. A leaky gut contributes to postural imbalance in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:157-163. [PMID: 38901937 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently exhibit an inability to maintain postural balance. However, the contribution of increased intestinal permeability or leaky gut to the postural imbalance in COPD is not known. METHODS We measured plasma zonulin, a marker of leaky gut, with relevance to postural balance in male controls (n = 70) and patients with mild (n = 67), moderate (n = 66), and severe (n = 58) COPD. We employed a short physical performance battery to evaluate postural balance in supine, tandem, and semi-tandem positions. We also measured handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed, plasma c-reactive proteins (CRP), and 8-isoprostanes as potential mechanistic connections between postural imbalance and leaky gut. RESULTS COPD patients demonstrated higher plasma zonulin, CRP, and 8-isoprostanes levels and lower balance, HGS, and gait speed than controls (all p < 0.05). These findings were more robust in patients with moderate and severe than mild COPD. In addition, plasma zonulin exhibited significant potential in diagnosing poor balance, low HGS, and gait speed in COPD patients (all p < 0.05). We also found significant correlations of plasma zonulin with CRP and 8-isoprostanes, providing heightened inflammation and oxidative stress as mechanistic connections between leaky gut and postural imbalance. CONCLUSION Plasma zonulin may be helpful in evaluating postural imbalance in COPD patients. Repairing intestinal leaks can be a therapeutic target to improve postural control in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shah Hussain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asima Karim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Iron Biology Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahjahan Ustrana
- Department of Biochemistry, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Azhar Hussain
- Department of Finance and Economics, College of Business Administration, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Wang C, Jin B, Lu A. Effects of Cognitive-Motor and Motor-Motor Dual Tasks on Gait Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1206. [PMID: 38921320 PMCID: PMC11203043 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of global aging, the health of the older population has become a critical public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dual-tasking on gait performance in patients with sarcopenia. METHODS Thirty participants with sarcopenia (age: 70.73 ± 4.12 yr, MMSE score: 26.90 ± 3.00), including 14 males and 16 females, were selected according to the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia. All participants were instructed to perform the gait test in three modes: single task (ST), cognitive-motor dual task (CMDT), and motor-motor dual task (MMDT). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effects of different task types on gait parameters of the participants. RESULTS (1) Compared with ST walking, gait frequency, step length, and step speed decreased, and the gait cycle and double-support phase increased in patients with sarcopenia during dual-task walking (p < 0.05); (2) Compared with ST walking, gait variability indices such as stride frequency, stride length, and support period significantly increased in patients with sarcopenia during dual-task walking (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increased difficulty in postural control caused by dual-task interference may reduce the safety of motor strategies in patients with sarcopenia and increase the risk of falls. Future studies should focus on the effects of exercise interventions on multitasking patterns in people with sarcopenia to promote balance function in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baoming Jin
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Aming Lu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
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Ozsoy G, Aksoy K. Intra- and inter- rater reliability of the face‑to‑face assessment and tele‑assessment of performance-based tests in older adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2024; 15:601-607. [PMID: 38383819 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-024-00946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess Timed-Up and Go (TUG), Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5xSST), and 4-Meter Walk Test (4MWT) intra- and inter-rater reliability between face-to-face and tele-assessment tools in older adults. METHODS A total of 54 older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) were included in the study. Measurements (TUG, 5xSST, and 4MWT) were carried out face-to-face and tele-assessment. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots was used determine intra- and inter-rater reliability. RESULTS The mean age of the participants, 53% of whom were female, was 69.59 years. Inter-rater reliability between face-to-face and tele-assessment was as following: excellent for TUG (ICC = 0.931) and 5STS (ICC = 0.908), and good for 4MWT (ICC = 0.803). In addition, intra-rater reliability between the two tele-assessments was excellent for all tests. The ICC values for TUG, 5STS, and 4MWT were 0.973, 0.948, and 0.934, respectively. CONCLUSION To conclude, the TUG, 5xSST, and 4MWT seem to be reliable tools of tele-assessment in older adults. These practical assessment tools can be used in home settings for older adults as tele-health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Ozsoy
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Kevser Aksoy
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Denney L, Eliasziw M, Mayer J, Gras L, Pohl PS. Walking speed questionnaire used to estimate gait speed in older adults: Comparisons with testing protocols and diagnostic accuracy. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:1133-1139. [PMID: 36305365 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2137865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking speed is an important clinical tool in the physical therapy examination of older adults, but not always feasible to measure. Clinicians may be limited by space, a client's functional limitations, or use of telehealth. The Walking Speed Questionnaire (WSQ) can be used to estimate walking speed, but the effects of testing protocols on the accuracy and diagnostic capability of the WSQ have not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to compare estimated with recorded walking speed and examine effects of start condition and instructions in healthy older adults. METHODS One hundred community dwelling adults 60 years or older were tested. After completing the WSQ, participants performed two trials of six walking conditions that included standing and walking starts under instructions to "walk at a usual pace," "as if crossing a street," and "fast." RESULTS Participants averaged 72.4 (9.6) years of age. The WSQ average walking speed was 1.22 (0.16) m/s and was slower than each condition, p-value = 0.001, except for those performed with instructions to walk at usual pace with both standing, 1.23 (0.29) m/s and walking starts, 1.26 (0.30) m/s. Compared to the usual pace walking start condition, the WSQ sensitivity and specificity were 31% and 94% respectively with an 82% accuracy. A modified cutoff of the WSQ to 1.17 m/s improves sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS If walking testing cannot be performed, the WSQ is a reasonable alternative providing an accurate estimate of a client's walking speed when walking at a usual pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Denney
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Misha Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University - School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill Mayer
- School of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Laura Gras
- School of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Patricia S Pohl
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Khalil M, Di Ciaula A, Jaber N, Grandolfo R, Fiermonte F, Portincasa P. Multidimensional Assessment of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in Geriatric Patients: Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio Performs Better than Sarcopenia Index. Metabolites 2024; 14:306. [PMID: 38921440 PMCID: PMC11205317 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) and the sarcopenia index (SI) are novel indicators for sarcopenia, but their accuracy may depend on various confounders. To assess CCR and SI diagnostic accuracy, we studied the clinical and biophysical parameters associated with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity. A total of 79 elderly patients (65-99 yrs, 33 females) underwent clinical, anthropometric, body composition, geriatric performance, and blood chemistry evaluation. The CCR and SI accuracy were assessed to identify sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 40.5%, and sarcopenic obesity in 8.9% of the subjects. Sarcopenic patients showed an increased Charlson comorbidity index, cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates and frailty, and decreased physical performance than non-sarcopenic subjects. Patients with sarcopenic obesity had increased body fat and inflammatory markers compared to obese subjects without sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was associated with a decreased CCR and SI. However, when the logistic regression models were adjusted for possible confounders (i.e., age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index, presence of CVD, and frailty score), a significant OR was confirmed for the CCR (OR 0.021, 95% CI 0.00055-0.83) but not for the SI. The AUC for the CCR for sarcopenia discrimination was 0.72. A higher performance was observed in patients without chronic kidney diseases (CKD, AUC 0.83). CCR, more than the SI, is a useful, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool to predict sarcopenia, irrespective of the potential confounders, particularly in subjects without CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (A.D.C.); (N.J.); (R.G.); (F.F.)
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Sampatakakis SN, Mourtzi N, Charisis S, Mamalaki E, Ntanasi E, Hatzimanolis A, Ramirez A, Lambert JC, Yannakoulia M, Kosmidis MH, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Megalou M, Sakka P, Scarmeas N. Walking time and genetic predisposition for Alzheimer's disease: Results from the HELIAD study. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38741352 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2344869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Our study aimed to explore whether physical condition might affect the association between genetic predisposition for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and AD incidence. Methods: The sample of participants consisted of 561 community-dwelling adults over 64 years old, without baseline dementia (508 cognitively normal and 53 with mild cognitive impairment), deriving from the HELIAD, an ongoing longitudinal study with follow-up evaluations every 3 years. Physical condition was assessed at baseline through walking time (WT), while a Polygenic Risk Score for late onset AD (PRS-AD) was used to estimate genetic predisposition. The association between WT and PRS-AD with AD incidence was evaluated with Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, education years, global cognition score and APOE ε-4 genotype. Then, the association between WT and AD incidence was investigated after stratifying participants by low and high PRS-AD. Finally, we examined the association between PRS-AD and AD incidence after stratifying participants by WT. Results: Both WT and PRS-AD were connected with increased AD incidence (p < 0.05), after adjustments. In stratified analyses, in the slow WT group participants with a greater genetic risk had a 2.5-fold higher risk of developing AD compared to participants with lower genetic risk (p = 0.047). No association was observed in the fast WT group or when participants were stratified based on PRS-AD. Conclusions: Genetic predisposition for AD is more closely related to AD incidence in the group of older adults with slow WT. Hence, physical condition might be a modifier in the relationship of genetic predisposition with AD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos N Sampatakakis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Mourtzi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sokratis Charisis
- Department of Neurology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eirini Mamalaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Ntanasi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aiginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Marousi, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Tawiah P, Mensah PB, Gyabaah S, Adebanji AO, Konadu E, Amoah I. Gait speed and its associated factors among older black adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from the WHO study on Global AGEing in older adults (SAGE). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295520. [PMID: 38635683 PMCID: PMC11025960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gait speed is an essential predictor of functional and cognitive decline in older adults. The study aimed to investigate the gait speed of older adults in Ghana and South Africa and to determine its associated factors, as the Sub-Saharan representatives in the World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing in Older Adults (SAGE). A secondary analysis of data from the SAGE study which consists of nationally representative data involving participants aged ≥50+ years with smaller samples of younger adults aged 18-49 years in Ghana and South Africa was conducted. SAGE study employed a multistage, stratified clustered sample design and involved the use of a standardised questionnaire to obtain participants' (n = 5808) demographic, anthropometric and gait speed information. The standard 4 metre-gait speed was used. Median gait speed for the study group, which comprised African/Black participants aged ≥50+ years was 0.769(Q1 = 0.571, Q3 = 0.952)m/s for males and 0.667 (Q1 = 0.500,Q3 = 0.833)m/s for females. For every unit increase in age, the odds of being in a higher-ranked gait speed category was 0.96(95%CI 0·96, 0·97, p<0.001) times that of the previous age. Females had odds of 0.55 (95%CI 0.50, 0.61, p<0.001) of recording higher gait speed, as compared to males. Rural dwellers had odds of 1.43 (95%CI 1.29, 1.58, p < 0.001) of being in a higher-ranked category of gait speed compared to urban dwellers. Underweight (OR = 0.85, 95%C1 = 0.73-1.00, p<0.05) and obesity (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.46-0.61, p<0.001) were associated with slower gait speed. Amongst functional indices, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) score was the biggest determinant of gait speed. Having a "Severe/Extreme" WHODAS score had the strongest association with gait speed (OR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.14-0.23, p<0.001). These gait speed results provide an essential reference for older adults' care in Ghana and South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Tawiah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Atinuke Olusola Adebanji
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Konadu
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Amoah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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13
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Yorozuya K, Nakashima D, Fujii K, Noritake K, Kubo Y, Tsubouchi Y, Tomiyama N, Iitsuka T. Associations Between Cognitive Function and Muscle Quality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Exp Aging Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38574102 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2024.2334645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether muscle quality is related to cognitive function in older adults living in the community. METHODS The participants were 40 community-dwelling older adults without a diagnosis of dementia (mean age, 78.85 ± 6.40 years; 31 women). The dependent variable was the score on the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) index of the Japanese version of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination Five (range: 0-6; higher scores indicate MCI or possible dementia). RESULTS Multiple regression with Bayesian statistics was performed for analysis of muscle quality, as indicated by echo intensity (EI), with skeletal muscle mass index, gait speed, physical activity level, age, and sex as covariates. EI was significantly associated with the MCI index (expected a posterior = 0.04 [95% Bayesian confidence interval: 0.01, 0.07], t = 2.47, β = 0.41, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that EI may be related to the cognitive function of older adults living in the community. Future studies should examine whether focusing on EI can help prevent cognitive decline among older adults..
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Yorozuya
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakashima
- Faculty of Health Science, Naragakuen University, Nara, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujii
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Kento Noritake
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University, Handa, Japan
| | - Yuta Kubo
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Tomiyama
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai, Japan
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14
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Gómez-Redondo P, Valenzuela PL, Martínez-de-Quel Ó, Sánchez-Martín C, Cerezo-Arroyo M, Moreno-Manzanaro D, Alegre LM, Guadalupe-Grau A, Ara I, Mañas A. The role of supervision and motivation during exercise on physical and mental health in older adults: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PRO-Training project). BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 38509514 PMCID: PMC10953175 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although supervised exercise is frequently recommended for older adults, its superiority over unsupervised exercise remains uncertain. Furthermore, whether motivational techniques could help to enhance the effectiveness of the latter remains to be elucidated. The present randomized controlled trial aims to determine the role of supervision and motivational strategies on the safety, adherence, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of different exercise programs for improving physical and mental health in older adults. METHODS Participants (n = 120, aged 60-75 years) will be randomly allocated into five groups: 1-Control (CON), 2-Supervised exercise without motivational intervention (SUP), 3- Supervised exercise with motivational intervention (SUP +), 4- Unsupervised exercise without motivational intervention (UNSUP) and 5- Unsupervised exercise with motivational intervention (UNSUP +). Over 24 weeks, all exercise groups will participate in a multicomponent exercise program three times/week (performed in group classes at a center for SUP and SUP + , or home without supervision but with the help of a mobile app for UNSUP and UNSUP +), while the CON group will maintain their usual lifestyle. The motivational intervention (for SUP + and UNSUP + groups) will be based on the self-determination theory, including strategies such as phone calls, interactive workshops, motivational messages, informative infographics and videos. Primary outcomes will include safety, adherence, costs, and lower-body muscular function using a leg press machine. Secondary outcomes will include upper-body muscular function, physical and cardiorespiratory function, blood pressure and heart rate, body composition, health-related quality of life, cognitive performance, anxiety, depression, physical activity levels, sleep and sedentarism, biochemical markers, motivators and barriers to exercise. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, mid-intervention (i.e., week 13), at the end of the intervention (i.e., week 25), and 24 weeks later (i.e., week 49). DISCUSSION The findings of this trial might provide valuable insights into the role of supervision and motivational strategies on the effectiveness of exercise programs for older adults. Additionally, the study could contribute to developing cost-effective interventions, supporting the design of future public policies for healthy aging. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05619250. Registered 16 November 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gómez-Redondo
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Martínez-de-Quel
- Didactics of Languages, Arts and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Sánchez-Martín
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Mónica Cerezo-Arroyo
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain
| | - David Moreno-Manzanaro
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Amelia Guadalupe-Grau
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain.
- Didactics of Languages, Arts and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Center UCM-ISCIII for Human Evolution and Behavior, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Thomson S, Cornish BF, Pun A, McIlroy WE, Van Ooteghem K. Advances in mobility aid use reporting: situational context and objective measurement improve understanding of daily aid use in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2543-2553. [PMID: 37907663 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding mobility aid use has implications for falls risk reduction and aid prescription. However, aid use in daily life is understudied and more complex than revealed by commonly used yes/no self-reporting. AIMS To advance approaches for evaluating mobility aid use among older adults using a situational (context-driven) questionnaire and wearable sensors. METHODS Data from two cross-sectional observational studies of older adults were used: (1) 190 participants (86 ± 5 years) completed tests of standing, sit-to-stand, walking, grip strength, and self-reported fear of falling and (2) 20 participants (90 ± 4 years) wore two body-worn and one aid-mounted sensors continuously for seven days to objectively quantify aid use during walking. Situational and traditional binary reporting stratified participants into aid dependency levels (0-4) and aid-user groups, respectively. Physical performance and fear of falling were compared between aid users, and dependency levels and sensor-derived walking behaviors were compared to reported aid use. RESULTS Physical performance and fear of falling differed between aid-user groups (P < 0.05). Sensor-derived outputs revealed differences in walking behaviors and aid use when categorized by dependency level and walking bout length (P < 0.05). Walking bout frequency (rho(18) = - 0.47, P = 0.038) and aid use time (rho(13) = .72, P = 0.002) were associated with dependency level. DISCUSSION Comparisons of situational aid dependency revealed heterogeneity between aid users suggesting binary aid use reporting fails to identify individual differences in walking and aid use behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced subjective aid use reporting and objective measurements of walking and aid use may improve aid prescription and inform intervention to support safe and effective mobility in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri Thomson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Benjamin F Cornish
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anthony Pun
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - William E McIlroy
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen Van Ooteghem
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Gonçalves RSDSA, Ribeiro KMOBDF, Fernandes SGG, de Andrade LEL, Lira MDGDA, do Nascimento RA, Vieira MCA, Maciel ÁCC. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Short Physical Performance Battery in Detecting Frailty and Prefrailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From the PRO-EVA Study. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2023; 46:E127-E136. [PMID: 35470303 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is widely used for older adults since it has a high level of validity, reliability, and responsiveness in measuring function in this population. However, only a few studies of diagnostic accuracy have assessed SPPB capacity in detecting frailty and prefrailty by estimating more detailed measurement properties. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the SPPB's diagnostic accuracy in detecting frailty and prefrailty, in addition to identifying cut-off points for walking time and chair stand time. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study composed of 786 community-dwelling older adults 60 years or older, in which sociodemographic and anthropometric data, frailty phenotype, and total SPPB score, as well as walking time and chair stand time, were assessed. Analysis of a receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to identify the cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity in the total SPPB score, as well as the walking time and chair stand time for frailty and prefrailty screening. Accuracy and positive and negative predictive values were subsequently calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The cut-off points identified for the total SPPB score, walking time, and chair stand time were 9 points or less (accuracy of 72.6%), 5 seconds or less, and 13 seconds or less, respectively, for frailty screening and 11 points or less (accuracy of 58.7%), 4 seconds or less, and 10 seconds or less, respectively, for prefrailty screening. The walking time showed greater frailty discriminatory capacity compared with the chair stand time (effect size = 1.24 vs 0.64; sensitivity = 69% vs 59%; and specificity = 84% vs 75%). CONCLUSIONS The total SPPB score has good diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between nonfrail and frail older adults using a cut-off point of 9 or less, being better to identify the true negatives (older adults who are not frail). Although the SPPB's diagnostic accuracy measures for detecting prefrailty were low to moderate, this instrument can help in screening prefrail older adults from the cutoff point of 11 or less in the total SPPB score. Identification of prefrail older adults enables implementing early treatment in this target audience and can prevent their advance to frailty.
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Stover E, Andrew S, Batesole J, Berntson M, Carling C, FitzSimmons S, Hoang T, Nauer J, McGrath R. Prevalence and Trends of Slow Gait Speed in the United States. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:95. [PMID: 37887968 PMCID: PMC10605995 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait speed is a simple, effective indicator of age-related disease and disability. We sought to examine the prevalence and trends of slow gait speed in older Americans. Our unweighted analytic sample included 12,427 adults aged ≥ 65 years from the 2006-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Gait speed was measured in participant residences. Persons with gait speed < 0.8 or <0.6 m/s were slow. Sample weights were used to generate nationally representative estimates. The overall estimated prevalence of slow gait speed with the <0.8 m/s cut-point was 48.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 47.4-49.8) in the 2006-2008 waves yet was 45.7% (CI: 44.3-47.1) in the 2014-2016 waves, but this downward trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). The estimated prevalence of slowness with the <0.6 m/s cut-point was 21.3% (CI: 20.4-22.3) for the 2006-2008 waves, 18.5% (CI: 17.5-19.4) for the 2010-2012 waves, and 19.2% (CI: 18.2-20.2) for the 2014-2016 waves, but there were again no significant trends (p = 0.61). Our findings showed that the estimated prevalence of slow gait speed in older Americans is pronounced, and different cut-points largely inform how slowness is categorized. Continued surveillance of slowness over time will help guide screening for disablement and identify sub-populations at greatest risk for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stover
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sarah Andrew
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Joshua Batesole
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Maren Berntson
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Chloe Carling
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Samantha FitzSimmons
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Tyler Hoang
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Joseph Nauer
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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18
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van der Veen SM, Perera R, Fino PC, Franke LM, Agyemang AA, Skop K, Wilde EA, Sponheim SR, Stamenkovic A, Thomas JS, Walker WC. Sensory functions and their relation to balance metrics: a secondary analysis of the LIMBIC-CENC multicenter cohort. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1241545. [PMID: 37780699 PMCID: PMC10538567 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1241545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), balance problems often persist alongside hearing and vision impairments that lead to poorer outcomes of functional independence. As such, the ability to regain premorbid independent gait may be dictated by the level of sensory acuity or processing decrements that are shown following TBI assessment. This study explores the relationships between standardized sensory acuity and processing outcomes to postural balance and gait speed. Methods Secondary analysis was performed on the Long-Term Impact of Military- Relevant Brain Injury Consortium Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium LIMBIC (CENC) data set. Separate regression analyses were carried out for each of the balance assessments (via Computerized Dynamic Posturography, CDP) and walking speed. Discussion TBI frequency was significantly related to the majority of single CDP outcomes (i.e., Conditions 2-6), while various sensory processing outcomes had task-specific influences. Hearing impairments and auditory processing decrements presented with lower CDP scores (CDP Conditions 3,5,6, and 1-3 respectively), whereas greater visual processing scores were associated with better CDP scores for Conditions 2,5, and 6. In sum, patients with TBI had similar scores on static balance tests compared to non-TBI, but when the balance task got more difficult patients with TBI scored worse on the balance tests. Additionally, stronger associations with sensory processing than sensory acuity measures may indicate that patients with TBI have increased fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M. van der Veen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Robert Perera
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Peter C. Fino
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Laura Manning Franke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Amma A. Agyemang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Karen Skop
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Services, James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scot R. Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alexander Stamenkovic
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - James S. Thomas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - William C. Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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19
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Ko KY, Kwok ZCM, Chan HYL. Effects of yoga on physical and psychological health among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Older People Nurs 2023; 18:e12562. [PMID: 37577926 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesise and critically appraise the quality of existing evidence about the effects of yoga on physical and psychological outcomes among older adults. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS Participants aged 60 and above. MEASUREMENTS Nine English and two Chinese electronic bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE OvidSP, PsycINFO, AMED, EMBASE, Global Health, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Hyread and WanFang databases, were searched. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) of yoga on physical and psychological outcomes among older adults were included. Meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes studied in three or more studies, otherwise narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included for review. The results of meta-analysis after sensitivity analysis showed that yoga significantly improved balance (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.48-1.14, p < .001, II2 = 59%), flexibility (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.07-0.68, p = .020, II2 34%), muscle strength (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.18-0.79, p = .002, I2 43%) and depressive symptoms (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.09-0.91, p = .01, I2 0%). There was insufficient data for meta-analysis on gait and other psychological outcomes. Narrative synthesis suggested that yoga has positive effects on reducing anxiety, but its effects on improving gait and reducing stress among older adults were inconclusive. CONCLUSION The results of this review supported the beneficial effects of yoga on physical outcomes among older adults, but the heterogeneity across studies was relatively high. Evidence related to the effect on psychological outcomes was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Yan Ko
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zoe Ching Man Kwok
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Helen Yue-Lai Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Santamaria-Garcia H, Moguilner S, Rodriguez-Villagra OA, Botero-Rodriguez F, Pina-Escudero SD, O'Donovan G, Albala C, Matallana D, Schulte M, Slachevsky A, Yokoyama JS, Possin K, Ndhlovu LC, Al-Rousan T, Corley MJ, Kosik KS, Muniz-Terrera G, Miranda JJ, Ibanez A. The impacts of social determinants of health and cardiometabolic factors on cognitive and functional aging in Colombian underserved populations. GeroScience 2023; 45:2405-2423. [PMID: 36849677 PMCID: PMC10651610 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global initiatives call for further understanding of the impact of inequity on aging across underserved populations. Previous research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) presents limitations in assessing combined sources of inequity and outcomes (i.e., cognition and functionality). In this study, we assessed how social determinants of health (SDH), cardiometabolic factors (CMFs), and other medical/social factors predict cognition and functionality in an aging Colombian population. We ran a cross-sectional study that combined theory- (structural equation models) and data-driven (machine learning) approaches in a population-based study (N = 23,694; M = 69.8 years) to assess the best predictors of cognition and functionality. We found that a combination of SDH and CMF accurately predicted cognition and functionality, although SDH was the stronger predictor. Cognition was predicted with the highest accuracy by SDH, followed by demographics, CMF, and other factors. A combination of SDH, age, CMF, and additional physical/psychological factors were the best predictors of functional status. Results highlight the role of inequity in predicting brain health and advancing solutions to reduce the cognitive and functional decline in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Santamaria-Garcia
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotá, Colombia.
- Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Felipe Botero-Rodriguez
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stefanie Danielle Pina-Escudero
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gary O'Donovan
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Instituto de Nutrición Y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Matallana
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotá, Colombia
- Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Mental Health Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Memory Clinic, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Michael Schulte
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neurocience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, (GERO), Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center (CMYN), Memory Unit - Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Possin
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tala Al-Rousan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Corley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute. Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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Baião VM, Duarte MP, Cunha VA, Dourado GÍ, Leal DV, Viana JL, Inda-Filho AJ, Nóbrega OT, Ferreira AP, Ribeiro HS. Intradialytic resistance training for short daily hemodialysis patients as part of the clinical routine: a quasi-experimental study. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1130909. [PMID: 37377452 PMCID: PMC10291260 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1130909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hemodialysis patients have chronic systemic inflammation, musculoskeletal impairments, and body composition changes from several factors and exercise may attenuate. We evaluated the effects of an intradialytic resistance training program on body composition, physical function, and inflammatory markers in patients under short daily hemodialysis treatment. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study in clinical routine was conducted over eight months. Measures of physical function (handgrip strength, five-time sit-to-stand, timed-up and go, and gait speed), body composition (by bioelectrical impedance), and inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were assessed at baseline as well as at four and eight months past continued intervention. Patients underwent two intradialytic resistance training sessions per week supervised by exercise professionals. Results: A total of 18 patients (62 ± 14 years; 55.6% ≥ 60 years; 44% female) were included. Significant increases in body mass index and basal metabolic rate were found at four and eight months compared to baseline. For physical function, timed-up and go performance improved at four and eight months compared to baseline. The other body composition and physical function measures, as well as all inflammatory markers, did not significantly change over time. Conclusion: A supervised intradialytic resistance training program for patients on short daily hemodialysis treatment, as part of the clinical routine, may induce modest changes in body mass index, basal metabolic rate, and timed-up and go performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Baião
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marvery P. Duarte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Vinícius A. Cunha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo V. Leal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - João L. Viana
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | | | - Otávio T. Nóbrega
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Aparecido P. Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Research Department, University Center ICESP, Brasília, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program, Santa Úrsula University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor S. Ribeiro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research Department, University Center ICESP, Brasília, Brazil
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22
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Gagliardo A, Grippo A, Di Stefano V, Carrai R, Scarpino M, Martini M, Falsini C, Rimmaudo G, Brighina F. Spatial and Temporal Gait Characteristics in Patients Admitted to a Neuro-Rehabilitation Department with Age-Related White Matter Changes: A Gait Analysis and Clinical Study. Neurol Int 2023; 15:708-724. [PMID: 37368328 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) frequently present a gait disorder, depression and cognitive impairment. Our aims are to define which alterations in the gait parameters are associated with motor or neuro-psychological impairment and to assess the role of motor, mood or cognitive dysfunction in explaining the variance of the gait parameters. METHODS Patients with gait disorders admitted to a Neuro-rehabilitation Department, affected by vascular leukoencephalopathy who had ARWMC confirmed by a brain MRI, were consecutively enrolled, classified by a neuroradiological scale (Fazekas 1987) and compared to healthy controls. We excluded subjects unable to walk independently, subjects with hydrocephalus or severe aphasia, with orthopaedic and other neurological pathologies conditioning the walking pattern. Patients and controls were assessed by clinical and functional scales (Mini Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Nevitt Motor Performance Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Independence Measure), and computerised gait analysis was performed to assess the spatial and temporal gait parameters in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS We recruited 76 patients (48 males, aged 78.3 ± 6.2 years) and 14 controls (6 males, aged 75.8 ± 5 years). In the multiple regression analysis, the gait parameter with overall best model summary values, associated with the ARWMC severity, was the stride length even after correction for age, sex, weight and height (R2 = 0.327). The motor performances justified at least in part of the gait disorder (R2 change = 0.220), but the mood state accounted independently for gait alterations (R2 change = 0.039). The increase in ARWMC severity, the reduction of motor performance and a depressed mood state were associated with a reduction of stride length (R = 0.766, R2 = 0.587), reduction of gait speed (R2 = 0.573) and an increase in double support time (R2 = 0.421). CONCLUSION The gait disorders in patients with ARWMC are related to motor impairment, but the presence of depression is an independent factor for determining gait alterations and functional status. These data pave the way for longitudinal studies, including gait parameters, to quantitatively assess gait changes after treatment or to monitor the natural progression of the gait disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gagliardo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Firenze, Italy
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, "Clinical Course", 90143 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonello Grippo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Firenze, Italy
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia, Dipartimento Neuromuscoloscheletrico e degli Organi di Senso, AOU Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Stefano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Carrai
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Firenze, Italy
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia, Dipartimento Neuromuscoloscheletrico e degli Organi di Senso, AOU Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Maenia Scarpino
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Firenze, Italy
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia, Dipartimento Neuromuscoloscheletrico e degli Organi di Senso, AOU Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Monica Martini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Rimmaudo
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, "Clinical Course", 90143 Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Brighina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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23
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De Luca F, Roda E, Ratto D, Desiderio A, Venuti MT, Ramieri M, Bottone MG, Savino E, Rossi P. Fighting secondary triple-negative breast cancer in cerebellum: A powerful aid from a medicinal mushrooms blend. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114262. [PMID: 36657301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of brain metastasis onset in patients, with the cerebellum accounting for the 33% of cases. In the current study, using a 4T1 triple-negative mouse BC model, we revealed that an orally administered medicinal mushrooms (MM) blend, rich in β-glucans, played a direct and specific anti-cancer action on cerebellar metastases, also bettering locomotor performances. The neuroprotective effect of the MM blend plays through (i) a direct and specific inhibition of cerebellar metastatization pattern typical of TNBC (with an induced reduction of about 50% of metastases density) and (ii) the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation-related genes, as suggested by expression changes of specific molecular markers, i.e. PCNA, p53, Bcl2, BAX, CASP9, CASP3, Hsp70 and AIF. Therefore, inhibiting the metastatization process, triggering a significant apoptosis increase, and lessening cell proliferation, this MM supplement, employed as adjuvant treatment in association with conventional therapy, could represent a promising approach, in the field of Integrative Oncology, for patients' management in both prevention and treatment of brain metastases from BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anthea Desiderio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Venuti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Martino Ramieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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24
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Seo K, Takayanagi N, Sudo M, Yamashiro Y, Chiba I, Makino K, Lee S, Niki Y, Shimada H. Association between daily gait speed patterns and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2783. [PMID: 36797381 PMCID: PMC9935628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait speed over a short distance is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. Recently, daily gait speed has been assessed using accelerometers. However, because daily gait speed is only weakly correlation with gait speed over a short distance, its association with cognitive impairment needs to be investigated. The present study compared the daily gait speed patterns of normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and general cognitive impairment (GCI) subjects measured every 3 h for two weeks using accelerometers. A total of 1959 participants were classified into the NC (N = 1519), MCI (N = 353), and GCI groups (N = 87). The results showed that the average daily gait speed of the GCI group was significantly lower than that of the NC group (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the average daily gait speeds of the MCI and NC groups were the same. However, the average daily gait speed of the MCI group during a specific time (12-15 o'clock) was significantly lower than that of the NC group (p < 0.01). These results suggest that changes in daily patterns may be detected by measuring daily gait speed, which depends on the degree of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Seo
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoto Takayanagi
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XTokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501 Japan
| | - Motoki Sudo
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XTokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501 Japan
| | - Yukari Yamashiro
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XTokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501 Japan
| | - Ippei Chiba
- grid.419257.c0000 0004 1791 9005Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573 Japan
| | - Keitaro Makino
- grid.419257.c0000 0004 1791 9005Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- grid.419257.c0000 0004 1791 9005Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Niki
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XTokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- grid.419257.c0000 0004 1791 9005Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511 Japan
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25
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Bascour-Sandoval C, Gajardo-Burgos R, Muñoz-Poblete C, Riedemann-González P, Erices-Salas S, Martínez-Molina A, Gálvez-García G. Transcutaneous Vagal Stimulation in Knee Osteoarthritis (TRAVKO): Protocol of a Superiority, Outcome Assessor- and Participant-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:311. [PMID: 36612632 PMCID: PMC9819338 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are partially effective. It is, therefore, necessary to find new strategies that can complement the existing ones. In this scenario, transcutaneous vagal stimulation (TVS) neurophysiological effects could be a helpful solution. However, there is no evidence of the efficacy of TVS in KOA. This trial aims to assess the efficacy of TVS in decreasing pain in participants aged 55 years or older with KOA. A randomised controlled, two-arm, double-blind (participants and outcome assessors) and clinical superiority trial will be conducted for 70 patients with KOA. All the participants will carry out an exercise program. It consists of 12 sessions over four weeks. In addition, they will be randomly assigned to (1) active TVS plus physical exercise or (2) sham TVS plus physical exercise. The application of active TVS consists of electronic stimulation of the auricular concha using a portable device. Sham TVS condition consists of the stimulation of the earlobe that does not cause neurophysiological effects. The primary outcome is the reduction in pain intensity. Additionally, functional capacity, physical performance, pain-related interference, pain-related distress, quality of life in older adults and global change will be measured. Assessments will be conducted at the beginning of the study (baseline), at the end of the intervention and after 1 and 3 months of follow-up. This trial will generate evidence regarding the efficacy of TVS in pain perception in individuals with KOA. This information will serve as an input in the clinical decision-making on the use or non-use of TVS in individuals with KOA. Thus, if the efficacy of TVS is confirmed, a new therapeutic tool may be included in the rehabilitation of individuals with KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bascour-Sandoval
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Terapía Física Mención Musculoesquelética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rubén Gajardo-Burgos
- Programa de Magister en Terapía Física Mención Musculoesquelética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Instituto de Aparato Locomotor y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Claudio Muñoz-Poblete
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Terapía Física Mención Musculoesquelética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | | | - Agustín Martínez-Molina
- Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Gálvez-García
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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26
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Comparison of manual and automated measures of walking speed: Distance and pace matter. Exp Gerontol 2022; 170:111987. [PMID: 36302457 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking speed (WS) represents a global marker of individual health and provides a simple and objective measure of motor performances for use in clinical and research settings. WS is most often measured over relatively short distances at usual (UWS) or fast (FWS) pace, using manual (e.g., stopwatch) or automated methods (e.g., photoelectric cells). As the time needed to walk over these distances is very short, we hypothesized that measurement error related to manual compared to automated WS measures is more pronounced for shorter distances and FWS and investigated the reliability and agreement of WS in a subsample of the Constances cohort at two paces and over two distances. METHODS We recruited 100 community-dwelling participants (50 % women) aged 45-70y (mean = 56.1y). WS was measured manually (stopwatches) and using photoelectric cells, at two paces (UWS/FWS) and over two distances (3 m/5 m). Agreement was examined using Bland and Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS Participants were on average 169.8 cm tall, and their mean body mass index was 25.4 kg/m2. Agreement between manual stopwatches and photoelectric cells was excellent (ICCs between 0.92 and 0.97), but it was lower for smaller distances, with significantly lower ICCs over 3 m compared to 5 m both for UWS (differenceICC = -0.04) and FWS (differenceICC = -0.05). Bias of manual measures was constant for UWS and increased with increasing FWS. There were inter-rater effects, with better agreement for UWS and 5 m compared to FWS and 3 m. CONCLUSIONS Both distance and pace have an influence on the reliability of WS measures using manual timing methods. Our findings also suggest the presence of rater effects and better agreement for 5 m and UWS. These findings are helpful for the design of studies that include manual measures of WS, especially FWS, in order to reduce measurement error and suggest that longer distances are preferable.
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Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Poorer Nutritional Status on Hospital Admission and after Discharge in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7050095. [PMID: 36136804 PMCID: PMC9498394 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In acutely hospitalized older patients (≥65 years), the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and malnutrition is poorly described. We hypothesized that (1) MCI is associated with nutritional status on admission and after discharge; (2) MCI is associated with a change in nutritional status; and (3) a potential association is partly explained by frailty, comorbidity, medication use, and age. We combined data from a randomized controlled trial (control group data) and a prospective cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01964482 and NCT03052192). Nutritional status was assessed on admission and follow-up using the Mini Nutritional Assessment—Short Form. MCI or intact cognition (noMCI) was classified by three cognitive performance tests at follow-up. Data on frailty, comorbidity, medication use, and age were drawn from patient journals. MCI (n = 42) compared to noMCI (n = 47) was associated with poorer nutritional status with an average difference of −1.29 points (CI: −2.30; −0.28) on admission and −1.64 points (CI: −2.57; −0.70) at 4-week follow-up. Only age influenced the estimates of −0.85 (CI: −1.86; 0.17) and −1.29 (CI: −2.25; −0.34), respectively. In acutely hospitalized older patients, there is an association between MCI and poorer nutritional status upon admission and four weeks after discharge. The association is partly explained by higher age.
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Muscle Weakness and Walking Slowness for the Identification of Sarcopenia in the Older Adults from Northern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159297. [PMID: 35954652 PMCID: PMC9368163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly people from Northern Brazil according to muscle weakness or walking slowness. Methods: The sample consisted of 312 elderly people (72.6 ± 7.8 years). For walking slowness, a gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s was used as a cut-off value, and for muscle weakness the following handgrip strength criteria were used for men and women, respectively: CI: <27.0/16.0 kg; CII: <35.5/20.0 kg; CIII: grip strength corrected for body mass index (BMI) < 1.05/0.79; CIV: grip strength corrected for total fat mass: <1.66/0.65; CV: grip strength corrected for body mass: <0.45/0.34. Results: Walking speed was reduced in 27.0% of women and 15.2% of men (p < 0.05). According to grip strength criteria, 28.5% of women and 30.4% of men (CI), 58.0% of women and 75.0% of men (CII), 66.0% of women and 39.3% of men (CIII), 28.8% of women and 19.6% of men (CIV), and 56.5% of women and 50.0% of men (CV) were identified as having sarcopenia. Conclusions: Walking slowness is more prevalent in women and muscle weakness is more prevalent in men in Northern Brazil. Walking slowness proved to be more concordant with muscle weakness in both sexes when the CI for handgrip strength was adopted.
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Ozsoy I, Kodak MI, Zerman N, Kararti C, Erturk A. The optimal cut-off points of 4-meter gait speed to discriminate functional exercise capacity and health status in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2022; 26:156-161. [PMID: 35728930 PMCID: PMC9271394 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.22.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gait speed, a vital sign of health and functional capacity, is commonly used to measure mobility. Although studies have assessed gait speed in older adults and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) separately, few have evaluated gait speed in older adults with COPD. Therefore, the primary objective of our study was to determine the threshold point for the 4-meter gait speed test (4MGS) to better discriminate between functional exercise capacity and health status in older patients with COPD. The second objective was to determine possible predictors of gait speed. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we assessed participants’ pulmonary function, dyspnea, health status (COPD Assessment Test [CAT]), gait speed (4MGS), functional exercise capacity (6-minute walk test [6MWT]), and physical activity. Results Forty-five older patients with COPD participated in this study. The predicted 6MWT and CAT scores were independent and significant determinants of the 4MGS score, explaining 54% of the variance (p<0.001). We identified gait speeds of 0.96 m/s and 1.04 m/s as thresholds to predict abnormal functional exercise capacity (sensitivity 85% and specificity 56%) and impaired health status (sensitivity 90% and specificity 69%), respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that gait speed can discriminate between abnormal functional exercise capacity and impaired health status in older patients with COPD. Moreover, functional exercise capacity and health status are predictors of gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ozsoy
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Ismail Ozsoy, PhD Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Selcuk University, Akademi Mah. Yeni İstanbul Cad. No:369, Konya 42130, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Muhammed Ihsan Kodak
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırsehir Ahi Evran University, Kırsehir, Turkey
| | - Nermin Zerman
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kırsehir Ahi Evran University, Kırsehir, Turkey
| | - Caner Kararti
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırsehir Ahi Evran University, Kırsehir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Erturk
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kırsehir Ahi Evran University, Kırsehir, Turkey
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Owusu C, Margevicius S, Nock NL, Austin K, Bennet E, Cerne S, Hergenroeder P, Moore HCF, Petkac J, Schluchter M, Schmitz KH, Webb Hooper M, Wimbley L, Berger NA. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of supervised exercise on functional outcomes in older African American and non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors: Are there racial differences in the effects of exercise on functional outcomes? Cancer 2022; 128:2320-2338. [PMID: 35289926 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise would be more effective than a support group plus Fitbit (SG+Fitbit) program in improving functional outcomes in older breast cancer survivors (BCSs) and that race would moderate the exercise effect on outcomes. METHODS Older African American (AA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) BCSs were purposively recruited and enrolled into the 52-week randomized controlled trial. The interventions included 20 weeks of supervised moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance training followed by 32 weeks of unsupervised exercise called IMPROVE (n = 108) and a 20-week SG+Fitbit program followed by 32 weeks of unsupervised activity (n = 105). Study outcomes were assessed at 20 and 52 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores 20 weeks from the baseline between arms. Secondary outcomes included change in the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in meters 20 weeks from the baseline between arms. General linear regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS The mean age was 71.9 years (SD, 5.9 years), and 44% were AA. SPPB scores did not differ between arms (adjusted difference in mean change, 0.13; 95% CI, -0.28 to 0.55; P = .53). However, the exercise arm (vs the SG+Fitbit arm) improved on the 6MWT (21.6 m; 95% CI, 2.5-40.6 m; P = .03). Race moderated the exercise effect on the 6MWT (adjusted interaction effect, 43.3 m; 95% CI, 6.3-80.2 m; P = .02); this implied that the change in the adjusted mean for the 6MWT at 20 weeks from the baseline was 43.3 m higher in AA exercise participants versus NHW exercise participants. CONCLUSIONS Combined aerobic and resistance exercise appears to improve physical performance in older BCSs, and the exercise effect might be moderated by race, with AAs appearing to derive larger benefits in comparison with NHWs. Larger studies are warranted to confirm the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Owusu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Seunghee Margevicius
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nora L Nock
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristina Austin
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Halle C F Moore
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jean Petkac
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mark Schluchter
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Monica Webb Hooper
- National Institute on Minority Health and Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leonard Wimbley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nathan A Berger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Muhandiramge J, Orchard SG, Warner ET, van Londen GJ, Zalcberg JR. Functional Decline in the Cancer Patient: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1368. [PMID: 35326520 PMCID: PMC8946657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in functional status, an individual's ability to perform the normal activities required to maintain adequate health and meet basic needs, is part of normal ageing. Functional decline, however, appears to be accelerated in older patients with cancer. Such decline can occur as a result of a cancer itself, cancer treatment-related factors, or a combination of the two. The accelerated decline in function seen in older patients with cancer can be slowed, or even partly mitigated through routine assessments of functional status and timely interventions where appropriate. This is particularly important given the link between functional decline and impaired quality of life, increased mortality, comorbidity burden, and carer dependency. However, a routine assessment of and the use of interventions for functional decline do not typically feature in the long-term care of cancer survivors. This review outlines the link between cancer and subsequent functional decline, as well as potential underlying mechanisms, the tools that can be used to assess functional status, and strategies for its prevention and management in older patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaidyn Muhandiramge
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (J.M.); (S.G.O.)
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (J.M.); (S.G.O.)
| | - Erica T. Warner
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | | | - John R. Zalcberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (J.M.); (S.G.O.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Factors influencing gait speed in community-dwelling older women: A Bayesian approach. Gait Posture 2022; 92:455-460. [PMID: 34999556 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human gait is a complex task resulting from the interaction of sensory perception, muscle force output, and sensory-motor integration, which declines with the aging process and impacts gait speed in older women. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the separate and combined impacts of sensory-motor factors on gait speed of older women? METHODS Sixty healthy older women (69.3 ± 5.9 years) volunteered for this study. A previous screening using Pearson's correlation selected variables significantly correlated with gait speed: age, plantar tactile perception, lower limb explosive force, and mean velocity (MV) of the center of pressure (CoP). Simple and multivariate regression models were performed with selected variables. The magnitude of evidence was obtained using Bayesian inference, determining posterior probabilities based on our data. RESULTS Gait speed was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with plantar tactile perception, MV (Romberg index), and lower limb explosive force. The coefficient of determination (R2) varied between 0.06 for plantar tactile perception and 0.22 for explosive force (p < 0.05). The multivariate model, including age, MV (Romberg index), and lower limb explosive force, explained 44% (R2 = 0.44) of the variance in gait speed, with a small standard error of estimate (0.14 m/s). Bayesian inference confirmed the good posterior probability of the model. SIGNIFICANCE Age, plantar tactile perception, MV (Romberg index), and lower limb explosive force impact gait speed, whereas the combination of the first three factors has an excellent posterior probability of predicting or affecting gait speed.
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Sloane PD, Warshaw G. Should Slowing Be Considered a Distinct Geriatric Syndrome? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 23:20-22. [PMID: 34953590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Sloane
- Departments of Family Medicine and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Gregg Warshaw
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Taulbee L, Yada T, Graham L, O'Halloran A, Saracino D, Freund J, Vallabhajosula S, Balasubramanian CK. Use of Backward Walking Speed to Screen Dynamic Balance and Mobility Deficits in Older Adults Living Independently in the Community. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2021; 44:189-197. [PMID: 33534335 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Older adults who live independently in the community are higher functioning and routinely ambulate in the community. Unrestricted community ambulation increases the likelihood of encountering precarious situations challenging balance. Sufficient dynamic balance is necessary to avoid falls. Currently used balance and mobility assessments may not sufficiently challenge dynamic balance to uncover mobility deficits in independent community-dwelling older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether backward walking speed (BWS) can serve as an outcome measure to screen dynamic balance and mobility deficits in independent community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A convenience sample of 30 older adults (73.68 ± 6.54 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants walked backward on an instrumented walkway to record BWS. Other outcomes included forward walking speed (FWS), Community Balance and Mobility (CB&M) Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 7-day average step count (ASC). A multivariate analysis of variance investigated the overall group differences between older adults at fall risk and those not at risk and was followed up by univariate tests. Pearson and spearman coefficients investigated associations between study outcomes. Youden's index assessed diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Backward walking speed, CB&M, FES-I, ASC discriminated older adults at fall risk from those not at risk (P < .01) whereas FWS and TUG did not. Backward walking speed strongly correlated with challenging assessments of balance and mobility (CB&M, FES-I, and ASC) but only moderately correlated with the TUG. The CB&M Scale independently explained 53% variance in the BWS performance (P < .01). Youden's index was highest (Y = 0.6, sensitivity = 93%, and specificity = 67%) for BWS (0.73 m/s) compared with other study outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results suggest that BWS can screen for dynamic balance and mobility deficits in independent community-dwelling older adults. Accurate screening is the first step to capture early decline in function for independent community-dwelling older adults. Longitudinal follow-up studies are warranted to validate BWS as a screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Taulbee
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville
| | - Trishia Yada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina
| | - Lauren Graham
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina
| | - Allison O'Halloran
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina
| | - Dawn Saracino
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville
| | - Jane Freund
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina
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Schmitt AC, Baudendistel ST, Lipat AL, White TA, Raffegeau TE, Hass CJ. Walking indoors, outdoors, and on a treadmill: Gait differences in healthy young and older adults. Gait Posture 2021; 90:468-474. [PMID: 34619613 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human gait is typically studied in a laboratory environment, the findings of laboratory-based gait assessments are often applied to daily life scenarios. Assessing gait in varied conditions may offer a better understanding of the influence of environment on gait performance. RESEARCH QUESTIONS How do spatiotemporal gait measures differ between indoor overground walking, outdoor walking, and treadmill walking in healthy adults? Do different walking environments exaggerate age-related alterations in gait performance in older compared to young adults? METHODS 30 young (18-30yrs) and 28 older adults (60-80yrs) completed four randomized conditions at their typical, comfortable walking pace: 1) 8 m of indoor walking, 2) continuous indoor walking, 3) treadmill walking, and 4) outdoor walking on a sidewalk. Wearable inertial sensors recorded gait data and the magnitudes and variability (in standard deviations) of the following gait measures were computed: cadence, percent double support, stride length (with sample entropy), and gait velocity. RESULTS Despite the lack of significant univariate interactions between group and walking condition, significant main effects for condition and group were observed in both the magnitude and variability analyses. Treadmill walking resulted in a slower gait with shorter, less variable strides (p < .001), while walking outdoors resulted in faster gait with longer strides (p < .001) compared to other walking conditions. Stride length regularity was reduced when walking outdoors compared to treadmill walking (p = .019). SIGNIFICANCE The results showed that the effects of walking condition on gait measures were more dramatic than participant age, and gait performance differs between walking environments in both older and younger adults. Since daily life gait encompasses both tightly controlled and unconstrained, free-living walking, researchers and clinicians should use caution when generalizing gait performance across walking conditions. Measures of gait performance typically used in laboratory gait analyses may not adequately characterize daily life gait in indoor and outdoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Schmitt
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Applied Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Sidney T Baudendistel
- Applied Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ania L Lipat
- Applied Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tatiana A White
- Applied Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tiphanie E Raffegeau
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Present address: Division of Execise Physiology, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Chris J Hass
- Applied Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Gill SV, Abplanalp SJ, Keegan L, Fulford D. Effort-Based Decision-Making and Gross Motor Performance: Are They Linked? Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060347. [PMID: 32512760 PMCID: PMC7349528 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between effort-based decision making and gross motor performance. Effort-based decision making was measured using a modified version of the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), in which participants pressed a button on a keyboard to fill a bar on a screen for monetary reward. Participants received monetary rewards that were commensurate with the level of effort that they were willing to expend. Gross motor performance was measured with a walking task, in which participants matched their steps to the beat of an audio metronome; they walked to metronome beats that were slower and also faster than their normal walking pace. We hypothesized that increased effort during the effort-based decision making task would be paired with an increase in steps taken per minute during the gross motor task. However, the results of this study indicated a lack of a statistically significant relationship between the effort-based decision making task and the gross motor task. Planning rather than decision-making may have been the cognitive construct that governed our gross motor task. These findings can be beneficial when thinking about potential interventions for populations who experience deficits in motor performance and cognition as well as for understanding the relationship between both cognitive and motor performance in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone V. Gill
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.J.A.); (L.K.); (D.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(617)-353-7513
| | - Samuel J. Abplanalp
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.J.A.); (L.K.); (D.F.)
| | - Laura Keegan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.J.A.); (L.K.); (D.F.)
| | - Daniel Fulford
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.J.A.); (L.K.); (D.F.)
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Stuck AK, Bachmann M, Füllemann P, Josephson KR, Stuck AE. Effect of testing procedures on gait speed measurement: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234200. [PMID: 32479543 PMCID: PMC7263604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gait speed is a widely used measure in older people, testing methods are highly variable. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the influence of testing procedures on resulting gait speed. METHODS We followed the PRISMA checklist for this systematic review. Two independent reviewers screened Pubmed and Embase for publications on pairwise comparisons of testing procedures of usual gait speed. Descriptives were abstracted from the included publications using a predefined extraction tool by two independent reviewers. We defined the cut-off for the minimal clinically imporant diffence in gait speed as 0.1 m/sec. RESULTS Of a total of 2109 records identified for screening, 29 reports on 53 pairwise comparisons were analyzed. The median (range) difference in gait speed for dynamic versus static start was 0.06 (-0.02 to 0.35) m/sec (14 reports); for longer versus shorter test distance 0.04 (-0.05 to 0.23) m/sec (14 reports); for automatic versus manual timing 0.00 (-0.05 to 0.07) m/sec (12 reports), for hard versus soft surfaces -0.11 (-0.18 to 0.08) m/sec (six reports), and electronic walkways versus usual walk test 0.04 (-0.08 to 0.14) m/sec (seven reports), respectively. No report compared the effect of finishing procedures. CONCLUSIONS The type of starting procedure, the length of the test distance, and the surface of the walkway may have a clinically relevant impact on measured gait speed. Manual timing resulted in statistically significant differences of measured gait speed as compared to automatic timing, but was below the level of clinical importance. These results emphasize that it is key to use a strictly standardized method for obtaining a reliable and valid measurement of gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Stuck
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Madeleine Bachmann
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pia Füllemann
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karen R. Josephson
- Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andreas E. Stuck
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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