1
|
Calabrese JC, Silva RG, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE. Time-Motion and Technical-Tactical Aspects of Glory World Series Matches in the Male Middle-Heavy-Weight Category. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024:1-6. [PMID: 39191384 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the time structure of K1 kickboxing matches of Glory World Series (Glory) and to determine potential differences between winners and losers. METHODS Seventeen matches of Glory 2019 (17 first rounds, 13 second rounds, and 8 third rounds) were video-analyzed to quantify (1) the time expended in high- and low-intensity activity and pauses, (2) the number and pattern of attacks, and (3) the number of effective attacks. Fighters were professional male athletes (age 27.9 [2.7] y) of the middle-weight category (85 kg). The number and the pattern of attacks and the number of effective attacks were compared between winners and losers. RESULTS The mean times expended in high- and low-intensity activity and pauses were 234.6 (133.9) seconds, 97.4 (60.1) seconds, and 36.0 (19.9) seconds, respectively, resulting in an effort-to-pause ratio of ∼1.8:1. Compared with losers, winners presented (1) a greater number of attacks in the second round (P = .004) and entire match (P = .009), (2) a greater number of attacks containing 3 attacks in sequence in the second round (P = .001) and attacks containing >3 attacks in the third round (P = .049), and (3) a greater number of effective attacks in the second round (P = .011) and entire match (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that K1 kickboxing in Glory matches presents a ∼1.8:1 effort-to-pause ratio and that winners perform more attacks, effective attacks, and attacks in sequence. These data provide useful insights to improve the training specificity of kickboxing athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Calabrese
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata G Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gençoğlu C, Ulupınar S, Özbay S, Ouergui I, Franchini E. Reliability and Validity of the Kickboxing Anaerobic Speed Test. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:715-724. [PMID: 35503974 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2048783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of the Kickboxing Anaerobic Speed Test (KAST) and established a comparison with the maximal cycling sprint test (MCST). Methods: Forty-two male kickboxing athletes (18 elite and 24 sub-elite) participated in this study. Kickboxers performed the tests in both single and multiple forms. The KASTsingle was composed of kicks and punches, performed as quickly as possible until 5 reps of a 4 techniques' combination (i.e., straight left punch, right-roundhouse kick, straight right punch, and left-roundhouse kick) were completed. The MCSTsingle was composed by a single 6-s maximal effort. The KASTmultiple was performed using 5 sequential sets of the single form following a 10s rest interval between sets. The MCSTmultiple was performed using 5 × 6 s repeated cycling efforts with 10s rest intervals. The tests and retests were carried out on separate occasions. To establish the test's discriminatory capability, elite and sub-elite athletes were compared. Results: All tests' performance scores showed excellent relative and absolute reliability (ICC > 0.900, SEM ≤ 0.98 s for KASTs and ≤ 0.74 W•kg-1 for MCST tests). Significant correlations between the identical versions were "large" (r > 0.70). Receiving operating characteristic analyses indicated that the KASTs and cycling tests were able to effectively discriminate between elite and sub-elite kickboxers. Additionally, the findings showed that KASTsingle, MCSTsingle, KASTmultiple, and MCSTmultiple correctly classified the groups by 78.6%, 73.6%, 88.1%, and 78.6%, respectively. Conclusions: This study supported the test-retest reliability and the discriminant validity of the KASTsingle and KASTmultiple to evaluate kickboxing athletes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Franchini E. Energy System Contributions during Olympic Combat Sports: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020297. [PMID: 36837916 PMCID: PMC9961508 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review focuses on the studies that estimate the energy systems' contributions during match simulations of striking (boxing, karate, and taekwondo), grappling (judo), and weapon-based (fencing) Olympic combat sports. The purpose is to provide insights into the metabolism of these athletes. In striking Olympic combat sports, the oxidative contribution varied from 62% (in karate and taekwondo) to 86% (in boxing), the ATP-PCr system contribution varied from 10% (in boxing) to 31% (in taekwondo), and the glycolytic contribution was between 3% (in the third round of taekwondo) and 21% (in karate). In grappling combat sports, only judo was studied, and for a 4 min match, the oxidative contribution was 79%, followed by 14% ATP-PCr system contribution and 7% contribution from the glycolytic system. In fencing, the only weapon-based Olympic combat sport, the oxidative contribution varied from 81% (in the first bout) to 90% (in the second bout), followed by 9% (bout 2) to 12% (bout 1) contribution from the ATP-PCr system, and 0.6% to 7% contribution from the glycolytic system during 3 × 3 min bouts of épée match simulation. Hence, Olympic combat sports are primarily powered by the oxidative system, but the key scoring actions are likely fueled by anaerobic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Franchini
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gutiérrez-Santiago A, Vázquez-Estévez C, Paramés-González A, Argibay-González JC, Reguera-López-de-la-Osa X, Vila-Fernández N, González-Sabajanes A, Prieto-Lage I. The temporal structure of male freestyle wrestling bouts in 65, 86 and 125 kg categories. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282952. [PMID: 36952450 PMCID: PMC10035890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In freestyle wrestling, how regulatory breaks and micro pauses affect the efforts during combat has been studied very little. The objective of the study was to determine the temporal structure of fights in male freestyle wrestling in the 65, 86 and 125 kg categories. All wrestlers from the categories (n = 115) who competed in the 2019 senior wrestling world championship (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan) participated. Using observational methodology, we analyzed all fights (n = 127). We used different statistical techniques: descriptive, normality tests, Kruskall-Wallis, one-way ANOVA and chi-square. The significance level was ρ<0.05. The results show that most fights finish in the last minute (73.5% in 65 kg, 74.5% in 86 kg and 80.6% in 125 kg) and the total fight time is consumed (67.3% in 65 kg, 70.2% in 86 kg and 77.4% in 125 kg). Differences in 18 variables were found when comparing the three weights were found in the temporal and sequential parameters of the combat. When we compare these parameters to the different fight minutes, we find that there are differences in 17 variables in 65 kg, 20 variables in 86 kg and 10 variables in 125 kg. The results define a temporal structure of male freestyle wrestling bouts in the three categories, and therefore, it will be possible to prepare adequate trainings for these athletes. We conclude that in the three weight categories, they wrestle longer standing than while on the ground. There are clear differences between the three categories. In the 125 kg category, the temporal and sequential parameters are more stable throughout the different minutes of the fight, and in 65 and 86 kg, there is an instability. In the three weights, the regulatory break modulates the duration of the pauses and the actions performed by the wrestlers in different fight minutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrián Paramés-González
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Xoana Reguera-López-de-la-Osa
- Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Group (Gies10-DE3), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Nerea Vila-Fernández
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ana González-Sabajanes
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto-Lage
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of CrossFit Training on Physical Fitness of Kickboxers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084526. [PMID: 35457394 PMCID: PMC9030818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport that is complex in technique, tactics, and movement structure, and requires an adequate level of motor skills as a foundation for activities during competitions. General physical fitness, defined as the effect of the externalization of motor skills, is the basis for athletic training regardless of the sport. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of modified training based on the principles of CrossFit on the development of general physical fitness in a group of kickboxers compared to a control group. Methods: The study was experimental in nature and was conducted in a group of 60 kickboxers, divided into experimental and control groups. Participants were selected by purposive sampling, and the criteria were training experience, sports skill level (minimum class 1 athletes), and consent to participate in the experiment. The intervention in the study group involved the introduction of CrossFit-based training into a conventional kickboxing training program. General and special physical fitness of the athletes were diagnosed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in general fitness in terms of abdominal strength (p < 0.001), pull-ups (p < 0.001), dynamometric measurement of handgrip force (p < 0.001) (kg), clap push-ups (p < 0.001), standing long jump (p < 0.001), shuttle run (p < 0.001), sit-and-reach (p < 0.001), and tapping (p < 0.001). Furthermore, changes in special fitness were also demonstrated for the special kickboxing fitness test (SKFT) (p < 0.02), the total number of punches (p < 0.001), punching speed (p < 0.001), and hip turning speed (p < 0.001). There was also a correlation between characteristics of general fitness and special fitness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The experimental training program based on the principles of CrossFit training had a positive effect on the general and special kickboxing physical fitness.
Collapse
|
6
|
Acid-Base Balance, Blood Gases Saturation, and Technical Tactical Skills in Kickboxing Bouts According to K1 Rules. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010065. [PMID: 35053063 PMCID: PMC8773011 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of our study was to analyze the changes in ABB after a three-round kickboxing fight and the level of technical and tactical skills presented during the fight. Fighting in kickboxing under K1 rules takes place with a high presence of anaerobic metabolism. Kickboxing athletes must have a good tolerance for metabolic acidosis and the ability to conduct an effective duel despite ABB disorders. Properly developed post-workout regeneration also plays an extremely important role. Abstract Background: Acid–base balance (ABB) is a major component of homeostasis, which is determined by the efficient functioning of many organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and liver, and the proper water and electrolyte exchange between these components. The efforts made during competitions by combat sports athletes such as kickboxers require a very good anaerobic capacity, which, as research has shown, can be improved by administering sodium bicarbonate. Combat sports are also characterized by an open task structure, which means that cognitive and executive functions must be maintained at an appropriate level during a fight. The aim of our study was to analyze the changes in ABB in capillary blood, measuring levels of H+, pCO2, pO2, HCO3−, BE and total molar CO2 concentration (TCO2), which were recorded 3 and 20 min after a three-round kickboxing bout, and the level of technical and tactical skills presented during the fight. Methods: The study involved 14 kickboxers with the highest skill level (champion level). Statistical comparison of mentioned variables recorded prior to and after a bout was done with the use of Friedman’s ANOVA. Results: 3 min after a bout, H+ and pO2 were higher by 41% and 11.9%, respectively, while pCO2, HCO3−, BE and TO2 were lower by 14.5%, 39.4%, 45.4% and 34.4%, respectively. Furthermore, 20 min after the bout all variables tended to normalization and they did not differ significantly compared to the baseline values. Scores in activeness of the attack significantly correlated (r = 0.64) with pre–post changes in TCO2. Conclusions: The disturbances in ABB and changes in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide saturation observed immediately after a bout indicate that anaerobic metabolism plays a large part in kickboxing fights. Anaerobic training should be included in strength and conditioning programs for kickboxers to prepare the athletes for the physiological requirements of sports combat.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rydzik Ł, Ambroży T, Obmiński Z, Błach W, Ouergui I. Evaluation of the Body Composition and Selected Physiological Variables of the Skin Surface Depending on Technical and Tactical Skills of Kickboxing Athletes in K1 Style. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11625. [PMID: 34770139 PMCID: PMC8583440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kickboxing is a combat sport with high demands on fitness and coordination skills. Scientific research shows that kickboxing fights induce substantial physiological stress. Therefore, it is important to determine the body composition of athletes before competitions and to analyze the skin temperature and skin pH during the fight. METHODS This study aimed to determine the body composition, skin temperature, and skin pH in kickboxers during a fight according to K1 rules. A total of 24 kickboxers (age range: 19 to 28 years) competing in a local K1 kickboxing league participated in the present study. RESULTS Changes in skin temperature and pH were observed and significant correlations were found between body composition and weight category. CONCLUSIONS Changes in skin temperature and pH were demonstrated after each round of the bout. Level of body fat and muscle tissue significantly correlates with technical-tactical skills of the K1 athletes studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Rydzik
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Obmiński
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Błach
- Faculty of Physical Education & Sport, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba 8189, Tunisia;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ouergui I, Benyoussef A, Houcine N, Abedelmalek S, Franchini E, Gmada N, Bouhlel E, Bouassida A. Physiological Responses and Time-Motion Analysis of Kickboxing: Differences Between Full Contact, Light Contact, and Point Fighting Contests. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2558-2563. [PMID: 31136550 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ouergui, I, Benyoussef, A, Houcine, N, Abedelmalek, S, Franchini, E, Gmada, N, Bouhlel, E, and Bouassida, A. Physiological responses and time-motion analysis of kickboxing: differences between full contact, light contact, and point fighting contests. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2558-2563, 2021-This study investigated the physiological responses and time structure of kickboxing styles (full contact, light contact, and point fighting). Blood lactate [La] before and after combats, mean heart rate (HRmean), percentage of time spent in HR zones, and rating of perceived exertion were assessed. Time spent in high-intensity activities (HIAs), low-intensity activities (LIAs), and referee pauses (P) were recorded according to rounds (R) and kickboxing styles. [La] increased statistically significant after kickboxing combats (p < 0.001) and was higher after light contact compared with point fighting (p = 0.029). HRmean did not differ between kickboxing specialties (p = 0.200). However, more time was spent on HR zones 4 and 5 (Z4: 80-90% and Z5: 90-100% HRmax) than in other zones (all p < 0.001). Rating of perceived exertion scores were higher after light and full contact combats compared with point fighting (p = 0.007 and 0.093, respectively). High-intensity activities, LIAs, and pauses did not statistically differ across rounds (p > 0.05). Moreover, HIA values were lower than LIA (all p < 0.001), and HIA and LIA were higher than pause for all rounds and styles (all p < 0.001). Full contact elicited higher HIA compared with point fighting (p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.002 for round 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Coaches and strength and conditioning professionals should emphasize anaerobic and muscle power development for all disciplines, especially for full and light contact and maximal aerobic power enhancement by targeting specific HR zones. Moreover, training regimen may include high-intensity interval training to mimic these sports' specificity using the effort-pause ratios according to different kickboxing sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ouergui
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Boulifa University Campus, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Amal Benyoussef
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Boulifa University Campus, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Houcine
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Boulifa University Campus, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Hail, Woman College Faculty of Education, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emerson Franchini
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nebil Gmada
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; and
| | - Ezdine Bouhlel
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Boulifa University Campus, Kef, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gençoğlu C, Şen İ. Comparison of CrossFit Barbara and classic resistance trainings for the protection of strength performance during off-season in kickboxers. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The inability of athletes to train or the decrease in the intensity and frequency of training may cause athletes to lose performance. Particularly in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining strength outside the normal framework provides an advantage to athletes for the next competitions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the CrossFit Barbara which can be applied easily at home during the off-season or some situations such as the epidemic limitation to classic resistance training methods used to maintain the strength performance of national kickboxers. METHODS: Forty-three national kickboxers, CrossFit (CF, n= 22), and resistance training (RT, n= 21), participated in this study. While CF performed 20 pull-ups, 30 push-ups, 40 sit-ups, and 50 squat exercises, RT performed bench press, lat pull down, leg press, biceps curl, and triceps extension exercises twice per week for six weeks. Before and after the six weeks, the following variables were measured; body mass (BM) and body fat percentage (FP), VO2max, bench press (BP), squat (SQ), leg strength (LS), hand grip strength (HGS), pull-up, push-up and counter movement jump (CMJ). RESULTS: BP (p< 0.001, F= 41.125, ηp2= 0.501), SQ (p< 0.001, F= 26.604, ηp2= 0.394), LS (p< 0.001, F= 15.234, ηp2= 0.271), push-up (p< 0.001, F= 31.978, ηp2= 0.438) and pull-up (p< 0.001, F= 24.410, ηp2= 0.373) values changed significantly in group-time interaction between CF and RT groups, while there was no significant difference for the BM (p= 0.198, F= 1.715, ηp2= 0.040), Fat (p= 0.265, F= 1.279, ηp2= 0.030), HGS (p= 0.665, F= 0.190, ηp2= 0.005, CMJ (p= 0.054, F= 3.946, ηp2= 0.088) and VO2max (p=0.747, F= 0.106, ηp2= 0.003). Furthermore, according to the before and after study values, BP, SQ, LS, and CMJ decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while BM, FP, HGS, VO2max, pull-up and push-up variables did not in the CF (p> 0.05). In the RT, the pull-up and push-up variables decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while there was no significant difference for BP, SQ, LS, HGS, VO2max, body mass, body fat percentage and CMJ (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: CF Barbara workout was more effective in maintaining strength endurance performances, and RT in maintaining maximum strength performances. According to the individual performance needs of athletes, reasonable training method can be used to prevent performance decrement in the strength domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cebrail Gençoğlu
- Department of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İlhan Şen
- Department of Sport Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ulupinar S, Özbay S, Gençoğlu C. Counter movement jump and sport specific frequency speed of kick test to discriminate between elite and sub-elite kickboxers. ACTA GYMNICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2020.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
11
|
Franchini E, Dunn E, Takito MY. Reliability and Usefulness of Time-Motion and Physiological Responses in Simulated Judo Matches. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2557-2564. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Shen Y, Yang L, Ho ESL, Shum HPH. Interaction-Based Human Activity Comparison. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2020; 26:2620-2633. [PMID: 30703028 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2019.2893247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods for motion comparison consider features from individual characters. However, the semantic meaning of many human activities is usually defined by the interaction between them, such as a high-five interaction of two characters. There is little success in adapting interaction-based features in activity comparison, as they either do not have a fixed topology or are in high dimensional. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for activity comparison from the interaction point of view. Our new metric evaluates the similarity of interaction by adapting the Earth Mover's Distance onto a customized geometric mesh structure that represents spatial-temporal interactions. This allows us to compare different classes of interactions and discover their intrinsic semantic similarity. We created five interaction databases of different natures, covering both two-characters (synthetic and real-people) and character-object interactions, which are open for public uses. We demonstrate how the proposed metric aligns well with the semantic meaning of the interaction. We also apply the metric in interaction retrieval and show how it outperforms existing ones. The proposed method can be used for unsupervised activity detection in monitoring systems and activity retrieval in smart animation systems.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vasconcelos BB, Protzen GV, Galliano LM, Kirk C, Del Vecchio FB. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:888-900. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Miarka B, Coswig VS, Amtmann J. Long MMA fights technical-tactical analysis of mixed martial arts: implications for assessment and training. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2019.1579030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Miarka
- Department of Fights, School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - John Amtmann
- Safety, Health and Industrial Hygiene Department, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cimadoro G. Acute neuromuscular, cognitive and physiological responses to a Japanese kickboxing competition in semi-professional fighters. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 58:1720-1727. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
Miarka B, Brito CJ, Moreira DG, Amtmann J. Differences by Ending Rounds and Other Rounds in Time-Motion Analysis of Mixed Martial Arts: Implications for Assessment and Training. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:534-544. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Ouergui I, Houcine N, Marzouki H, Davis P, Franchini E, Gmada N, Bouhlel E. Physiological Responses and Time-Motion Analysis of Small Combat Games in Kickboxing: Impact of Ring Size and Number of Within-Round Sparring Partners. J Strength Cond Res 2017. [PMID: 28640770 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ouergui, I, Houcine, N, Marzouki, H, Davis, P, Franchini, E, Gmada, N, and Bouhlel, E. Physiological responses and time-motion analysis of small combat games in kickboxing: impact of ring size and number of within-round sparring partners. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1840-1846, 2017-The study aimed to investigate the physiological responses and time-structure of small combat games (SCGs) in kickboxing according to ring sizes and number of sparring partners. Twenty athletes from regional (n = 13) and national levels (n = 7) participated in the study (mean ± SD, age: 20.3 ± 0.9 years; height: 177 ± 4.8 cm; body mass: 71.8 ± 10.5 kg). Blood lactate concentration [La] was measured before and after bouts, and the delta (Δ) was determined. Heart rate (HR) was measured throughout and HR and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured postbout. The HRpre, HRmean, and percentage of peak HR (%HRpeak) were used for analysis. The HRpeak was determined during a cycle ergometer graded exercise test. Each athlete was confronted by 1 (1 vs. 1; no sparring partner change), 2 (1 vs. 2) and 4 opponents (1 vs. 4) within-round (sparring partner change every 1 minute or 30 seconds, respectively) in different ring sizes (i.e., 2×2 m, 4×4 m, and 6×6 m). All combats were recorded and analyzed to determine the duration of different activity phases (high-intensity activities [HIA], low-intensity actions [LIA], and referee pause [P]). Results showed that values for HRpre and HRmean when opposed by a single individual (1 vs. 1) were lower than other conditions (all p < 0.001). Moreover, %HRpeak values in 1 vs. 1 were lower than in other conditions and higher in 4 × 4 m compared with other sizes. [La]pre, post, and the Δ did not differ among all conditions (p > 0.05). The RPE scores were lower in 1 vs. 1 compared with other conditions (p < 0.001), with no ring sizes effect (p > 0.05). For time-motion variables, HIA values were lower in 1 vs. 1 than in the 2 other conditions and was longer in 2 × 2 m compared with 4 × 4 m and 6 × 6 m, whereas LIA values were higher in 1 vs. 1 and lower in the 2 × 2 m. In conclusion, SCGs seem to be a good form of exercise for sufficient cardiovascular conditioning specific to kickboxing activity in comparison with data from previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ouergui
- 1Research Unit "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation," Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia;2Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia;3Combat Sports Performance, Braintree, Essex;4Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;5Sultan Qaboos Sports Academy, Ministry of Sports Affairs, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; and6Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Slimani M, Chaabène H, Davis P, Franchini E, Cheour F, Chamari K. Performance Aspects and Physiological Responses in Male Amateur Boxing Competitions: A Brief Review. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1132-1141. [PMID: 28081033 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Slimani, M, Chaabène, H, Davis, P, Franchini, E, Cheour, F, and Chamari, K. Performance aspects and physiological responses in male amateur boxing competitions: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1132-1141, 2017-Boxing is one of the most popular striking combat sports in the world. The aim of this review was to present data concerning performance analysis (time-motion and technical-tactical analysis) and physiological responses (i.e., blood lactate concentration [BLC], heart rate, and oxygen consumption) during novice and elite male simulated and official amateur boxing competitions in any age category. The present review shows that boxing competition is a high-intensity intermittent striking combat sport. Typically, the activity-to-rest ratio was higher in elite (18:1) than in novice (9:1) boxers and significant differences were observed between rounds (first round = 16:1, second round = 8:1, and third round = 6:1) in novice boxers. Thus, total stop-time and total stop-frequency increased over subsequent rounds in novice boxers. The technical-tactical aspects in elite and novice boxing bouts were different between rounds and dependent on the match outcome (i.e., winners vs. losers). Particularly, the current review highlights that triple-punch combinations, total combinations, block- and counter-punch combinations, total punches to the head, technical performance effectiveness, and defensive- and offensive-skills effectiveness may have contributed to win in novice and elite boxing competitions. Higher frequencies of technical movements were also observed in elite compared with novice boxers. From a physiological point of view, BLC increased significantly from postround 1 compared with postround 3 in novice boxing match. BLC was also higher in official than in simulated elite boxing matches in senior compared with junior boxers and in medium heavy-weight category compared with light- and medium-weight categories in junior boxing competition. A higher percentage of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) and maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) were reported in round 3 compared with rounds 2 and 1 in elite boxing competition. In conclusion, these data are useful for both technical-tactical and physical conditioning sessions. Coaches and fitness trainers are encouraged to adjust their training according to these particular characteristics, specifically in terms of age, participants' level, weight categories, and combat contest type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maamer Slimani
- 1Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization," National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia; 2National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia; 3Combat Sports Performance, Braintree, Essex, United Kingdom; 4Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 5High Institute of Applied Biology of Médenine, Médenine, Tunisia; and 6Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kickboxing review: anthropometric, psychophysiological and activity profiles and injury epidemiology. Biol Sport 2017; 34:185-196. [PMID: 28566813 PMCID: PMC5424459 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.65338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kickboxing is one of the modern combat sports. The psychophysiological demands of a kickboxing competition require athletes to achieve high thresholds of several aspects of physical fitness. The aim of the current review is to critically analyse and appraise the kickboxer’s anthropometric, physiological, physical and psychological attributes with the activity profile and injury epidemiology in order to provide practical recommendations for training as well as new areas of scientific research. The available information shows that both amateur and elite-level male kickboxers are characterized by a higher proportion of mesomorphy with a well-developed muscle mass and low body fat percentage. While there is some variation in the maximum oxygen uptake of kickboxers, moderate to high cardio-respiratory levels are reported for these athletes. Regardless of kickboxers’ level, a high peak and mean anaerobic power output were reported. High-level kickboxing performance also requires well-developed muscle power in both the upper and lower limbs. Psychological factors contribute to success that requires high levels of self-confidence, motivation, dispositional hope and optimism, mental toughness/resiliency, and adaptive perfectionism. Psychological attributes also distinguished successful from less successful kickboxers. The activity-to-rest ratio was higher in elite (1:1) than both amateur and national-level (from 1:2 to 1:5) kickboxers, with no significant differences between rounds (round 1=1:4, and rounds 2 and 3=1:5) as well as between winners and losers in amateur and national-level simulated combats. These particular psychophysiological characteristics and performance aspects of kickboxers influence performance and could serve as guidance for training. Finally, kickboxing is characterized by chronic repetitive head trauma, which causes hypopituitarism due to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Future investigations into the physical, physiological and psychological characteristics related to age, gender and competitive levels of kickboxers are required to enrich the current knowledge and to help create the most suitable training programme.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ouergui I, Marzouki H, Houcine N, Franchini E, Gmada N, Bouhlel E. Relative and absolute reliability of specific kickboxing circuit training protocol in male kickboxers. Sci Sports 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Slimani M, Miarka B, Briki W, Cheour F. Comparison of Mental Toughness and Power Test Performances in High-Level Kickboxers by Competitive Success. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7:e30840. [PMID: 27625755 PMCID: PMC5003315 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.30840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kickboxing is a high-intensity intermittent striking combat sport, which is characterized by complex skills and tactical key actions with short duration. Objectives The present study compared and verified the relationship between mental toughness (MT), countermovement jump (CMJ) and medicine ball throw (MBT) power tests by outcomes of high-level kickboxers during National Championship. Materials and Methods Thirty two high-level male kickboxers (winner = 16 and loser = 16: 21.2 ± 3.1 years, 1.73 ± 0.07 m, and 70.2 ± 9.4 kg) were analyzed using the CMJ, MBT tests and sports mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ; based in confidence, constancy and control subscales), before the fights of the 2015 national championship (16 bouts). In statistical analysis, Mann-Withney test and a multiple linear regression were used to compare groups and to observe relationships, respectively, P ≤ 0.05. Results The present results showed significant differences between losers vs. winners, respectively, of total MT (7(7;8) vs. 11(10.2;11), confidence (3(3;3) vs. 4(4;4)), constancy (2(2;2) vs. 3(3;3)), control (2(2;3) vs. 4(4;4)) subscales and MBT (4.1(4;4.3) vs. 4.6(4.4;4.8)). The multiple linear regression showed a strong associations between MT results and outcome (r = 0.89), MBT (r = 0.84) and CMJ (r = 0.73). Conclusions The findings suggest that MT will be more predictive of performance in those sports and in the outcome of competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maamer Slimani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna,Tunisia
- Corresponding author: Maamer Slimani, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Assalama 9159, Bir El Hfey, Sidi Bouzid,Tunisia. Tel: +216-97067695, E-mail:
| | - Bianca Miarka
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Walid Briki
- Qatar University, College of Arts and Sciences, Sport Science Program, Doha, Qatar
| | - Foued Cheour
- High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, Gabes,Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ouergui I, Houcine N, Marzouki H, Davis P, Zaouali M, Franchini E, Gmada N, Bouhlel E. Development of a Noncontact Kickboxing Circuit Training Protocol That Simulates Elite Male Kickboxing Competition. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:3405-11. [PMID: 25970497 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether the specific kickboxing circuit training protocol (SKCTP) could reproduce kickboxing combat's hormonal, physiological, and physical responses. Twenty athletes of regional and national level volunteered to participate in the study (mean ± SD, age: 21.3 ± 2.7 years; height: 170 ± 0.5 cm; body mass: 73.9 ± 13.9 kg). After familiarization, SKCTP was conducted 1 week before a kickboxing competition. Cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone (GH), blood lactate [La], and glucose concentrations, as well as the Wingate upper-body test and countermovement jump (CMJ) performances were measured before and after SKCTP and combat. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured throughout rounds (R) R1, R2, and R3. Testosterone, GH, glucose, [La], HR, RPE, and CMJ did not differ among the 2 conditions (p > 0.05). However, Cortisol was higher for competition (p = 0.038), whereas both peak (p = 0.003) and mean power (p < 0.001) were higher in SKCTP. The study suggests that SKCTP replicates the hormonal, physiological, and physical aspects of competition. It is therefore suggested as a good form of specific kickboxing training, as well as a specific assessment tool to be used by kickboxing coaches to quantify kickboxers' fitness levels, when physiological parameters responses to the test are measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ouergui
- 1Research Unit, "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation," High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia; 2Faculty of Sciences, Bizerte, Tunisia; 3Combat Sports Performance, Essex, United Kingdom; 4Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia; 5Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 6Sultan Qaboos Sports Academy, Ministry of Sports Affairs, Sultanate of Oman; and 7Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|