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Zhao J, Ke Z, Huang R, Wen X, Liu W, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhuang X, Pan L, Liao L. Physical activity and the risk of developing 8 age-related diseases: epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 39294593 PMCID: PMC11412029 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to characterize the associations between physical activity levels and the risk of developing age-related diseases in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study and used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess whether there are causal relationships between physical activity levels and the risk of developing 8 age-related diseases (coronary atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, angina, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and venous thromboembolism). METHODS Based on the data available in the CARDIA, we obtained data related to five disease states: coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and venous thromboembolism. Binary logistic regression analysis estimated the multivariable-adjusted associations between different physical activity statuses and diseases. For the MR study, we used summary-level data from a recently published genome-wide association study on physical activity (including vigorous physical activity and accelerometer-based physical activity) conducted with participants from the UK Biobank study. We selected the above 8 age-related diseases as our outcomes. RESULTS In the CARDIA-based analysis, the risk of developing coronary heart disease [OR (95% CI): 0.562 (0.397-0.795)], hypertension [OR (95% CI): 0.703 (0.601-0.821)], diabetes [OR (95% CI): 0.783 (0.620-0.988)], and hyperlipidemia [OR (95% CI): 0.792 (0.662-0.949)] was negatively related to physical activity status when participants achieved the physical activity target. Our MR results support a negative causal association between genetically determined vigorous physical activity levels and the risk of developing 3 age-related diseases, namely, angina, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, our results also support a negative causal association between genetically determined accelerometer-based physical activity levels and the risk of developing angina. CONCLUSIONS Promotion of physical activity is likely to prevent specific age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zezhi Ke
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Rihua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyun Wen
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Suisui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466 Road XinGang, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Litao Pan
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Shenzhen Second People 's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518025, P. R. China.
| | - Lizhen Liao
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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Zhao Y, Wang G, Wei Z, Li D, Morshedi M. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Wnt, notch signaling and exercise: what are their functions? Hum Cell 2024; 37:1612. [PMID: 38386243 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhao
- Ministry of Public Sports, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Ministry of Public Sports, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Duo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
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Poon ETC, Li HY, Little JP, Wong SHS, Ho RST. Efficacy of Interval Training in Improving Body Composition and Adiposity in Apparently Healthy Adults: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02070-9. [PMID: 39003682 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the efficacy of interval training for improving body composition has been summarized in an increasing number of systematic reviews in recent years, discrepancies in review findings and conclusions have been observed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of interval training compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and nonexercise control (CON) in reducing body adiposity in apparently healthy adults. METHODS An umbrella review with meta-analysis was performed. A systematic search was conducted in seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) up to October 2023. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing interval training and MICT/CON were included. Literature selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR-2) were conducted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of interval training [high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT)], intervention duration, body mass index, exercise modality, and volume of HIIT protocols. RESULTS Sixteen systematic reviews, including 79 RCTs and 2474 unique participants, met the inclusion criteria. Most systematic reviews had a critically low (n = 6) or low (n = 6) AMSTAR-2 score. Interval training demonstrated significantly greater reductions in total body fat percent (BF%) compared with MICT [weighted mean difference (WMD) of - 0.77%; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 1.12 to - 0.32%] and CON (WMD of - 1.50%; 95% CI - 2.40 to - 0.58%). Significant reductions in fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and android abdominal fat were also observed following interval training compared to CON. Subgroup analyses indicated that both HIIT and SIT resulted in superior BF% loss than MICT. These benefits appeared to be more prominent in individuals with overweight/obesity and longer duration interventions (≥ 12 weeks), as well as in protocols using cycling as a modality and low-volume HIIT (i.e., < 15 min of high-intensity exercise per session). CONCLUSIONS This novel umbrella review with large-scale meta-analysis provides an updated synthesis of evidence with implications for physical activity guideline recommendations. The findings support interval training as a viable exercise strategy for reducing adiposity in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hong-Yat Li
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan Peter Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Robin Sze-Tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Physical Education Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Nguyen C, Kaufman M, Vallejo A, DeParis S, Friedlander A, Frehlich L, Fredericson M. Analysis of Common Exercise Modalities in Improving Athletic Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Curr Sports Med Rep 2024; 23:245-252. [PMID: 38838688 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Exercise leads to robust cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychological benefits that improve quality of life and longevity for older adults, but accompanying improvements in athletic parameters are less well explored. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the most common exercise modalities, namely, Pilates, martial arts (tai chi, Japanese-style karate, hard martial arts), locomotion (brisk walking/jogging and running), Masters sports, resistance training, and high-intensity interval training, in improving athletic performance for older adults. Regular participation in these activities can have robust yet unique impacts on physical performance that prolong exercise participation. In particular, this review will explore benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness, power, strength, flexibility, and balance, thereby hopefully improving endurance, exercise adherence, and overall fall risk. A narrative literature review was performed to explore benefits, pitfalls, and recommendations for some of the most popular exercise modalities for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
| | - Matthew Kaufman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
| | - Adrian Vallejo
- University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah DeParis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
| | | | - Levi Frehlich
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
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Baltasar-Fernandez I, Soto-Paniagua H, Alcazar J, Uceta Espinosa MI, Alegre LM, Gracía-García FJ, Ara I, Alfaro Acha A, Losa-Reyna J. Long-Term Effects of a 6-Week Power-Based Resistance Training and Fast Walking Interval Training Program on Physical Function, Muscle Power, Disability, and Frailty in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults. Gerontology 2024; 70:701-714. [PMID: 38574485 DOI: 10.1159/000536363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concurrent training has been shown to be a beneficial approach to improve overall health status in older adults. However, little is known about the adaptations of this type of training in the long term (i.e., after cessation of exercise), even less in older people affected by frailty syndrome. Therefore, this study aimed (i) to assess the effects of a 6-week concurrent training program composed of power-oriented resistance training and fast walking interval training on physical function, muscle power, disability in activities of daily living and frailty in pre-frail and frail older people, and (ii) to assess the effects of a 6-month detraining period on these outcomes. METHODS A total of 59 pre-frail and frail older adults (>75 years old; Frailty Phenotype >1) were allocated into intervention (INT; n = 32; 81.8 years; 21 women) or control (CON; n = 27; 82.5 years; 19 women) groups. Primary outcomes of this study were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), relative sit-to-stand (STS) power, Barthel index, Lawton scale and Frailty Phenotype. Assessments were performed at baseline (PRE), after the concurrent training programme (POST) and after 6 months of follow-up (DET) in both groups. Mixed model repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc tests was used. RESULTS Immediately after the intervention (∆ = POST-PRE), INT improved SPPB (∆ = 3.0 points; p < 0.001), relative STS power (∆ = 0.87 W·kg-1; p < 0.001) and reduced their frailty levels (∆ = -1.42 criteria; p < 0.001), while no changes were observed in CON. After 6 months of detraining (∆ = DET-PRE), INT showed higher SPPB (∆ = 2.2 points; p < 0.001), higher relative STS power (∆ = 0.73 W·kg-1; p < 0.001) and lower frailty (∆ = -1.24 criteria; p < 0.001) values than those reported at baseline, which were significantly different than those reported by CON. Both, Barthel index and Lawton scale values were not modified during the study in either group. CONCLUSIONS The 6-week concurrent training program improved physical function, muscle power and reduced frailty in pre-frail and frail older people and these improvements were maintained above baseline levels after 6 months of detraining. However, due to the individual variability found, future studies of long-term responders versus non-responders in frail populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Soto-Paniagua
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Gracía-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alfaro Acha
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Valoración del Rendimiento Deportivo, Actividad Física y Salud y Lesiones Deportivas (REDAFLED). Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, Spain
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Anderson VR, Kakuske K, Thompson C, Ivanova MV. Pilot study of a high-intensity interval training program in older adults: Safety, feasibility, functional fitness and cognitive effects. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.09.23299774. [PMID: 38260605 PMCID: PMC10802633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.23299774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Exercise can boost physical and cognitive health in older adults. However, there are a lack of accessible exercise programs that foster adherence among older adults. In this study, we aimed to establish the safety and feasibility of APEX, a new exercise program designed to optimize fitness and cognitive gains for older adults, in addition to evaluating its acute physiological effects, and assessing its possible effects on functional fitness and cognition among healthy older adults. APEX utilizes a multimodal progressive high-intensity interval training (HIIT) design, with high-intensity intervals focused on enhancing cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength, and recovery intervals that incorporate balance and mobility exercises. The APEX training was tested in healthy older adults (n=4) over the course of four weeks. Ultimately, APEX was found to be safe and feasible, with no adverse events and high adherence. Participants met heart rate targets for all of the high-intensity exercises, and all intervals had a significant difference in heart rates between high-intensity and recovery periods in linear effects models (p<0.001). Improvements in functional fitness were observed in aerobic endurance, lower body strength, and balance. The intervention was also associated with positive trends in the cognitive domains of information processing, working memory, executive control, and attention. APEX offers a promising alternative to traditional cardiovascular exercise modalities for older adults with additional benefits for functional fitness and cognition. These results encourage further testing of the APEX program in older adults and different clinical populations.
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Stern G, Psycharakis SG, Phillips SM. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Functional Movement in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 36641767 PMCID: PMC9840985 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preserving physiological functional capacity (PFC), the ability to perform the activities of daily life, and the ease with which they can be performed, in older adults, defined for this study as ≥ 50 years of age, is an important consideration for maintaining health and independence through the ageing process. Physical activity, and exercise training in particular, has been positively associated with improvement in PFC. In addition to improving aerobic and anaerobic capacity, promoting and preserving functional movement as a component of PFC is an important goal of physical activity, especially for older adults. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), an exercise protocol where repeated bouts of increased intensity are interspersed with active or passive recovery periods, has often been studied as an alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) exercise, where a continuous intensity is maintained throughout the exercise session. A large body of research has determined that both types of exercise programme are effective in improving measures of aerobic and anaerobic fitness in older adults. However, the effect of the two exercise modalities on functional movement has most often been a secondary outcome, with a range of observational techniques applied for measurement. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this research is to systematically review and meta-analyse published studies of HIIT interventions that measured functional movement in older adults to conclude if HIIT is effective for improving functional movement. A secondary objective is to determine if there are significant differences between HIIT and MICT effect on functional movement. METHODS A search strategy of terms locating studies of HIIT interventions, functional movement outcome measures, and older adult population samples was executed on seven digital databases. Randomized and pair-matched trials of > 2 weeks were considered for inclusion. Studies of participants with neurological impairment or studies using combined exercise modality were rejected. Standardized mean difference for functional movement outcome measures was calculated. A meta-analysis of the included studies and subgroups was performed along with study quality (risk of bias and publication bias) evaluation. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in random effects model pooled analysis. Subgroup analysis of HIIT versus MICT on functional movement showed a trivial effect in favour of HIIT (ES 0.13, 95% CI [-0.06, 0.33] p = 0.18) and did not achieve statistical significance. However, HIIT showed a medium, statistically significant favourable effect on functional movement versus non-intervention control (ES = 0.60 95% CI [0.24, 0.95] p = 0.001). Further subgroups analysis using singular and multiple functional movement outcome measures showed similar results. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that HIIT interventions in older adults may be effective at promoting improvements in functional movement, though it is unclear whether HIIT is superior to MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Stern
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Human Performance Science Research Group, Moray House School of Education & Sport, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland ,Sport & Exercise Physiology, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Stelios G. Psycharakis
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Biomechanics, Moray House School of Education & Sport, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Shaun M. Phillips
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,Sport & Exercise Physiology, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Vlietstra L, Waters DL, Jones LM, Wilson L, Meredith-Jones K. High-intensity interval aerobic and resistance training to counteract low relative lean soft tissue mass in middle age: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:111991. [PMID: 36403898 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function begins in early middle age, yet research to date has focused on older individuals, limiting our understanding of interventions earlier in the lifespan. To date, no high-intensity interval training studies have been conducted in middle-aged adults with low relative lean soft tissue mass. METHODS Eighty-two middle-aged adults (40-50 years of age) with low appendicular lean soft tissue mass index confirmed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were randomly allocated (1:1) to group-based, 20-week, three times a week, high-intensity aerobic and resistance training (HIART) program or 60-min education session (Control). The primary outcome was change in total lean soft tissue mass measured by DXA. Secondary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function (handgrip strength, gait speed, 30-seconds sit-to-stand, quadriceps strength and muscle quality). Measures were obtained at baseline (0 weeks), mid-intervention (10 weeks) and post-intervention (20 weeks). RESULTS Mean age in HIART was 44.8 (SD 3.2) and 45.4 (SD 2.9) in Control group. The majority of the participants were female with 88 % in HIART and 83 % in Control group. Mean BMI in HIART was 25.8 kg/m2 (SD 3.5) and 26.4 kg/m2 (SD 4.1) Control group. Intention to treat analysis showed that post-intervention, HIART increased significantly more total lean soft tissue mass (0.8 kg, 95%CI 0.15, 1.46), appendicular lean soft tissue mass index (0.2 kg/m2, 95%CI 0.09, 0.33), peak oxygen uptake (5.18 mL/min/kg, 2.97 to 7.39 95%CI), grip strength (2.2 kg, 95%CI 0.09, 4.32), and 30-s sit-to-stand (1.3 times, 95%CI 0.43, 2.12) with significantly greater reductions in body fat percentage (-1.1 %, 95%CI -2.03, -0.10) and maximum gait speed (-0.2 m/s, 95 % CI -0.34, -0.03) compared Control. CONCLUSION The HIART program is an effective exercise intervention to increase total lean soft tissue mass in middle-aged adults with low relative lean soft tissue mass compared to a waitlist control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vlietstra
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, 201 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Debra L Waters
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, 201 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand; School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, 325 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lynnette M Jones
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, 55/47 Union Street West, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Luke Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, 201 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kim Meredith-Jones
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, 201 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Molecular mechanisms of exercise contributing to tissue regeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:383. [PMID: 36446784 PMCID: PMC9709153 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been known as an essential element to promote human health for centuries. Thus, exercise intervention is encouraged to battle against sedentary lifestyle. Recent rapid advances in molecular biotechnology have demonstrated that both endurance and resistance exercise training, two traditional types of exercise, trigger a series of physiological responses, unraveling the mechanisms of exercise regulating on the human body. Therefore, exercise has been expected as a candidate approach of alleviating a wide range of diseases, such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the capacity of exercise to promote tissue regeneration has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades. Since most adult human organs have a weak regenerative capacity, it is currently a key challenge in regenerative medicine to improve the efficiency of tissue regeneration. As research progresses, exercise-induced tissue regeneration seems to provide a novel approach for fighting against injury or senescence, establishing strong theoretical basis for more and more "exercise mimetics." These drugs are acting as the pharmaceutical alternatives of those individuals who cannot experience the benefits of exercise. Here, we comprehensively provide a description of the benefits of exercise on tissue regeneration in diverse organs, mainly focusing on musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. We also discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the regenerative effects of exercise and emerging therapeutic exercise mimetics for regeneration, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges. We aim to describe an integrated perspective on the current advances of distinct physiological mechanisms associated with exercise-induced tissue regeneration on various organs and facilitate the development of drugs that mimics the benefits of exercise.
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Alzar-Teruel M, Aibar-Almazán A, Hita-Contreras F, Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Martínez-Amat A, Jiménez-García JD, Fábrega-Cuadros R, Castellote-Caballero Y. High-intensity interval training among middle-aged and older adults for body composition and muscle strength: A systematic review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992706. [PMID: 36249241 PMCID: PMC9557068 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aging of population is leading to the investigation of new options to achieve healthy aging. One of these options is high-intensity interval training (HIIT), although its effects on body composition and muscle strength are currently unclear. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the scientific publications on the effects of HIIT on the body composition and muscle strength of middle-aged and older adults. Methods The search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Plus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO databases without limitation of publication dates. The literature search, data extraction and systematic review were performed following the PRISMA standards and the risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias. Results Initially 520 publications were identified, out of which a total of 8 articles were finally selected to be included in this systematic review. Improvements in body composition were seen in six of the selected items and an increase in muscle strength in seven of the eight. Regarding physical function, improvements were found in both gait speed and balance. Conclusions This systematic review found that HIIT is effective in improving body composition and increasing muscle strength. However, when comparing HIIT to moderate-intensity continuous training, it is not clear that HIIT is more beneficial; a firm conclusion cannot be drawn due to the scarcity of published studies, their variety in methodology and the ambiguity of their results, so it is suggested to carry out more research in this area.
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Wadsworth DD, Rodriguez-Hernandez M, Huffman LS, McDonald JR, Spring KE, Pascoe DD. Adaptations to a Concurrent Exercise Training Program in Inactive Aging Women. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:3217-3223. [PMID: 36165989 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Wadsworth, DD, Rodriguez-Hernandez, M, Huffman, LS, McDonald, JR, Spring, KE, and Pascoe, DD. Adaptations to a concurrent exercise training program in inactive aging women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-This study assessed the effect of a 10-week, sprint interval concurrent exercise training program on body composition and muscular strength in aging women. Sixty-five inactive women (age, 40-64 years) were randomized into 2 sprint interval exercise programs, 0% incline and 6% incline. Sprint interval training was performed to achieve 95% of each subject's age-predicted maximal heart rate for a series of 40 seconds of work followed by 20 seconds of passive recovery. An undulating resistance training protocol, composed of 30 sessions, was performed by each group throughout the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorption scans were assessed body composition, and 1 repetition maximum was performed to assess muscular strength. Subjects in both groups significantly reduced fat mass by approximately 0.35 kg (p = 0.002), and visceral adipose tissue by 0.05 kg (p = 0.032). There were significant increases in lean body mass by approximately 0.50 kg (p = 0.005), lower-body muscular strength by approximately 46.83 kg (p < 0.001), and upper-body muscular strength by approximately 11.68 kg (p < 0.001). No significant between-groups interactions were observed. A sprint interval training concurrent exercise training program is an effective strategy to improve body composition and muscular strength in inactive, aging women. Muscular strength improvements resulting from this intervention are particularly important because muscular strength losses are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mynor Rodriguez-Hernandez
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; and.,Education Department, University of Costa Rica, San Ramon, Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - David D Pascoe
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; and
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Parveen A, Parveen S, Noohu MM. Effect of concurrent and multi-component training on balance, fear of falling, and muscle strength in older adults: a review. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Da Silva MAR, França ED, Baptista LC, Neves RS, Loureiro H, Caperuto EC, Veríssimo MT, Martins RA. COMBINING DIFFERENT CONCURRENT TRAINING METHODS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228042020_0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: There are no studies comparing the effects of different concurrent training routines [i.e., a resistance training plus high-intensity interval training (RT+HIIT) program compared to an RT plus moderate-intensity continuous training (RT+MICT) program] on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical performance in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two concurrent training routines, RT+HIIT versus RT+MICT, on CRF and physical fitness in adults and older adults with MetS. Methods: Thirty-nine participants (67.0±6.7 years of age) were randomly assigned into three groups: RT+ MICT, RT+ HIIT and the control group (CON, no exercise). The 12-week physical training program consisted of 3 sessions/week (~50 minutes/session). The aerobic training component was customized for iso-caloric energy expenditure (P≥0.217) and iso-load distribution (TRIMP, P≥0.893), however the MICT component had a longer aerobic training time (P≤0.01). We evaluated pre- and post-evaluation CRF (VO2peak), physical capacity [power of lower limbs (PLL), running velocity, and running time to exhaustion], plasma lactate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), resting heart rate (HRrest), and peak heart rate (HRpeak). Results: At the end of the intervention, a significant increase in the VO2peak was observed only in the RT+HIIT group (P=0.01), but compared to the CON group both RT+HIIT and RT+MICT groups had significant improvement in the VO2peak (P≤0.02). Only the RT+HIIT group had lower HRrest as compared to the baseline and the CON group. Also, both RT+HIIT and RT+MICT groups, but not CON, significantly improved running speed, time to exhaustion, and PLL (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in HRpeak, RPE, and lactate for any of the groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 12 weeks of RT+MICT or RT+HIIT improve lower-limb physical performance. Also, our results suggest that RT+HIIT provides additional CRF benefits in older adults with MetS. Level of evidence II; Randomized Experimental Study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias de França
- Universidade São Judas Tadeu, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America; University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Helena Loureiro
- University of Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal
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Graça Á, Fonseca HS, Pina FLC, Fiorillo RG, Mayhew JL, Gerage AM, Oliveira DVD, Nascimento MAD. Effects of different order of combined training on functional capacity, blood pressure, and body composition in women from 53 to 79 years old. GERIATRICS, GERONTOLOGY AND AGING 2022. [DOI: 10.53886/gga.e0220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effects of order of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on functional capacity, blood pressure, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Methods: Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: RT followed by HIIT (RT-HIIT, n = 10, mean age 64.5 ± 7.9 years) or HIIT followed by RT (HIIT-RT, n = 10, mean age 59.32 ± 4.44 years). Both groups trained twice a week for 8 weeks. RT was composed of 7 exercises for the upper and lower body. HIIT was composed of alternate pairings of high-intensity (> 85% of maximum heart rate [MHR]) and moderate-intensity (60% MHR) running. Results: A time effect was found for upper-body muscle endurance (HIIT-RT = +9.43%; RT-HIIT = +6.16%), agility and dynamic balance (HIIT-RT = -5.96%; RT-HIIT = -8.57%), and cardiorespiratory fitness (HIIT-RT = +5.14%; RT-HIIT = +6.13%), with no difference between groups. Body composition and blood pressure did not change throughout the investigation for either group. Conclusion: Eight weeks of a combined HIIT and RT exercise program improved functional capacity of middle-aged and older women without altering blood pressure and body composition, regardless of the order of exercises.
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Buendía-Romero Á, Vetrovsky T, Estévez-López F, Courel-Ibáñez J. Effect of physical exercise cessation on strength, functional, metabolic and structural outcomes in older adults: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052913. [PMID: 34873006 PMCID: PMC8650478 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is not a doubt that tailored exercise is an effective non-pharmacological approach for preventing, mitigating and even reversing ageing-related alterations. However, older adults are likely to experience prolonged periods of inactivity and training cessation periods as a consequence of falls or hospitalisation. Although recent evidence supports that exercise could have a protective effect and help in recovering, there is to date a lack of consensus about what kind of physical exercise prescription and training duration would produce better outcomes after training cessation periods. The current study will determine the effects that available exercise prescriptions produced in older adults in preserving physical conditioning following inactivity periods. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic search of the literature will be conducted in three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, from inception to 1 February 2021. Only randomised controlled trials written in English or Spanish will be eligible. No year of publication restriction will be applied. Eligible studies will contain information on population (older adults over 60 years old), intervention (inactivity period, exercise programme their duration), comparator (treatment as usual or waiting list) and outcomes (strength, functional capacity, metabolic health and skeletal muscle structure). Two independent reviewers will (1) search, screen and select studies, (2) extract data about their main characteristics and (3) evaluate their methodological and reporting quality. When disagreements emerge, the reviewers will discuss to reach a consensus. We plan to conduct meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesise the effects under study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As systematic reviews use publicly available data, no formal ethical review and approval are needed. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal(s) and presented at conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021235092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Buendía-Romero
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
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Martínez-Rodríguez A, Cuestas-Calero BJ, García-De Frutos JM, Marcos-Pardo PJ. Psychological Effects of Motivational Aquatic Resistance Interval Training and Nutritional Education in Older Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121665. [PMID: 34946391 PMCID: PMC8701350 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of physical exercise programs on physical and mental health throughout life. It is necessary to know the factors that contribute to the well-being of older adults in order to achieve healthy aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between well-being perception and the use of autonomy supportive coaching behaviours across a motivational aquatic resistance interval training program. Thirty-four women over 65 years of age from the province of Alicante, Spain, participated, and were randomly assigned to: motivational aquatic resistance interval training group (MART; age: 69.6 ± 5.01 years, height: 1.62 ± 7.88 m, weight: 75.3 ± 12.8 kg) and control group (CG; age: 67.7 ± 3.60 years, height: 1.54 ± 5.47 m, weight: 66.9 ± 10.2 kg). The MART program was conducted for 14 weeks, with three training sessions/week. The CG did not perform any physical activity during the study. Perception of autonomy support was assessed through the Autonomy-Supportive Coaching Questionnaire (ASCQ), Psychological needs by the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES), Intrinsic motivation to exercise was assessed through Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) and Perception of Physical Activity by the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). In MART, compared to CG, significant differences were observed in BPNS, IMI and IPAQ questionnaires used, except in the ASCQ. The differences were significant in all three cases in BPNS (p < 0.05 in autonomy and competence and p = 0.001 in relationship with others), obtaining better scores after intervention than previously. As for the IMI scale, significant differences were also obtained in both subscales. The level of physical activity also improved significantly, with higher scores on the IPAQ after the intervention than before (p < 0.001). In conclusion, when practitioners perceive greater well-being, satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, greater self-selection, volition, and autonomy instead of pressure, demand and control, the result is better behaviour with greater psychological well-being, adherence and consequent health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Bernardo José Cuestas-Calero
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.J.C.-C.); (J.M.G.-D.F.)
| | - José Manuel García-De Frutos
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.J.C.-C.); (J.M.G.-D.F.)
| | - Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- CERNEP Research Centre, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Heinrich KM, Crawford DA, Langford CR, Kehler A, Andrews V. High-Intensity Functional Training Shows Promise for Improving Physical Functioning and Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2021; 44:9-17. [PMID: 31626033 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Healthy aging allows older adults to remain active in their communities; however, sedentary behaviors can lead to physical deconditioning and decreased physical function. Structured exercise programs are recommended to facilitate activity engagement and prevent muscle atrophy due to aging to facilitate older adults' abilities to complete activities of daily living. In particular, high-intensity functional training (HIFT) is a multicomponent group exercise program that has previously been shown to increase physical function for middle-age cancer survivors. This study examined the preliminary feasibility and effectiveness of HIFT for improving physical function and participation in physical activity for community-dwelling older adults. METHODS The 8-week pilot study included two 60-minute HIFT sessions per week. Participants (n = 8) were 75% female with a mean age of 71 (6) years. Study initiation, adherence, and acceptability were assessed to determine feasibility. Effectiveness was assessed via 5 physical function measures conducted during sessions 1 and 16 and included the Timed Up and Go, lift and carry test, chair stand test, a repeated stair climb test, and the 6-minute walk test. Participants also self-reported confidence and difficulty for activities of daily living via the Outpatient Physical Therapy Improvement in Movement Assessment Log and physical activity participation via the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The study recruitment rate was 88.9% and 87.5% of participants adhered. Intervention acceptability was promising, as 4 participants reported liking multiple aspects of the intervention (eg, coaching/supervision and similar age peers). Intervention effectiveness was promising with significant improvement in 1 of 5 physical function measures, although clinical effects were most likely trivial. Participants reported increased participation in both leisure and structured physical activities. CONCLUSIONS HIFT appeared feasible and showed promise for counteracting the loss of physical function and sedentary behaviors associated with aging. Results should be confirmed in a longer, fully powered study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Heinrich
- Functional Intensity Training Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan
| | - Derek A Crawford
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg
| | - Cheyenne R Langford
- Functional Intensity Training Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan
| | - Ainslie Kehler
- Functional Intensity Training Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan
| | - Victor Andrews
- Functional Intensity Training Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan
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Núñez Vergara C, Smith Plaza R, Pérez Ramírez N. [Effectiveness of high intensity interval training in the cardiorespiratory capacity of people older than 65 years old: A systematic review]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2021; 56:297-307. [PMID: 34083059 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to analyze the effect of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and safety of its execution in people over 65 years of age. A systematic search was carried out, following the PRISMA recommendations, in 11 electronic databases, evaluating the resolution of the HIIT, affecting cardiorespiratory capacity as the main result and secondarily HRQL and safety of its execution, assessing the risk of bias using Rob 2.0 and ROBINS-I. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of people >65 years, HIIT intervention >4 weeks, and studies assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. It can be concluded that HIIT improves cardiorespiratory capacity in people over 65 years of age, with respect to HRQL and the safety of its execution, the results are not conclusive. It becomes essential to unify criteria in intervention protocols, requiring further research in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Smith Plaza
- Subdirección de Investigación, Sociedad Pro-Ayuda al Niño Lisiado, Teletón, Chile; Unidad de Ejercicio y Deporte Adaptado, Teletón, Chile; Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad C.Ch.C, Santiago, Chile; Alemana Sport, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Pérez Ramírez
- Subdirección de Investigación, Sociedad Pro-Ayuda al Niño Lisiado, Teletón, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Wilke J, Mohr L. Chronic effects of high-intensity functional training on motor function: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21680. [PMID: 33303848 PMCID: PMC7728805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity functional training (HIFT) has become a popular method in the sports and fitness sector. In contrast to unimodal approaches such as strength or endurance training, it has been hypothesized to induce concurrent adaptations in multiple markers of motor function. However, to date, the effectiveness of HIFT in this regard has not been studied. The present systematic review quantified the chronic effects of HIFT on motor function in healthy individuals. A multilevel meta-analysis with a robust random effects meta-regession model was used to pool the standardized mean differences (SMD) between (a) HIFT and (b) no-exercise (NEX) as well as conventional endurance, resistance and balance training for outcomes of muscle strength, endurance capacity and balance. The influence of possible effect modifiers such as program duration, session duration, age or sex was examined in a moderator analysis. Seventeen papers with moderate to high methodological quality (PEDro scale) were identified. Compared to NEX, HIFT had small to moderate positive effects on endurance capacity (SMD: 0.42, 95% CI 0.07-0.78, p = 0.03) and strength (0.60, 95% CI 0.02-1.18, p = 0.04) but no effect on balance (SMD: - 0.10, 95% CI - 1.13 to 0.92, p = 0.42). Regarding endurance, HIFT showed similar effectiveness as moderate-intensity endurance training (SMD: - 0.11, 95% CI - 1.17 to 0.95, p = 0.75) and high-intensity interval endurance training (SMD: - 0.15, 95% CI - 1.4 to 1.1, p = 0.66). No comparisons of HIFT vs. classical resistance or balance training were found. Moderator analyses revealed no influence of most effect modifiers. However, regarding endurance, females seemed to respond more strongly to HIFT in the comparison to NEX (p < .05). HIFT appears to represent an appropriate method to induce chronic improvements in motor function. While being superior to NEX and non-inferior to endurance training, current evidence does not allow a comparison against resistance and balance training. The impact of possible effect moderators should be further elucidated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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García-Sánchez E, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ávila-Gandía V, López-Román FJ, Menarguez-Puche JF. Effects of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs on Adherence, Cardiometabolic Markers, and Body Composition in Older People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040176. [PMID: 33081361 PMCID: PMC7711811 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally, and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) are major behavioral risk factors. Therefore, community-based programs are being designed based on the prescription of physical exercise from primary care centers to improve people’s health through changes in lifestyle. The objective was to compare the effects of two types of community exercise on adherence, lipid profile, body composition and blood pressure. A prospective observational cohort study was designed with two cohorts of study depending on the duration and type of physical exercise program performed. Fifty-one participants (82.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they carried out a short-term, non-individualized exercise program (3 months), and 42 participants (71.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they conducted a long-term, individualized exercise program (6 months). The results suggest that participants who carried out the longer program with an individualized progression produced greater adherence to physical exercise and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. In addition, LDL and insulin levels decreased in both groups. Therefore, our results suggest that a longer duration and individualized evolution of the loads of a community exercise program lead to higher levels of physical activity (PA) and improvements diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitaria de la Región de Murcia (FFIS), Calle Luis Fontes Pagán 9, 1ª planta, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-9106-77964
| | - Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Sports Physiology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - F. Javier López-Román
- Sports Physiology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F. Menarguez-Puche
- Primary Care Health Center, Jesús Marín, Calle Enrique Bernal Capel, 4, Molina de Segura, 30500 Murcia, Spain;
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F B, L P C, V M, M D, G HB, G G, P G, P N, M AL. High intensity interval training combined with L-citrulline supplementation: Effects on physical performance in healthy older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 140:111036. [PMID: 32721549 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of citrulline (CIT) supplementation combined to high intensity interval training (HIIT) on physical performance in healthy older adults. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis from a double-blind, randomized trial. Among the participants (sedentary & inactive older adults aged over 65 yrs), 44 were non obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) and completed the intervention: Placebo + HIIT (PLA; n = 21) or CIT + HIIT (n = 23). All participants ingested either 10 g of CIT supplementation/day or placebo and followed HIIT sessions (30 min/session; cycle: 30 s > 85% of maximal heart rate (HR) and Borg scale >17/20 + 1:50 min at 65% HR and Borg scale between 13 and 16) on an elliptical device 3 times per week over a 12-week period. Body composition, muscle strength, muscle power, functional capacities (unipodal balance; self-paced and fast Timed Up and Go (nTUG; fTUG); chair test; step tests; 4-meter walking test; 6-minute walking test); dietary intake, energy expenditure and biological markers were measured pre and post-intervention. A repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to estimate time (HIIT intervention), group (PLA vs. CIT) and time*group effects. RESULTS The decrease in BMI (p = 0.02) and android fat mass (p = 0.05) were significantly greater in the HIIT+CIT group than in the HIIT+PLA group. Finally, a greater increase in self-paced gait speed (nTUG) (p = 0.02) and fast-paced gait speed (fTUG) (p = 0.03) were also observed in the HIIT+CIT group than in the HIIT+PLA group. CONCLUSION CIT supplementation combined to HIIT is more effective in improving functional capacities and body composition in healthy older adults than HIIT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buckinx F
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Ageing, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carvalho L P
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marcangeli V
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dulac M
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hajj Boutros G
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gouspillou G
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gaudreau P
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Noirez P
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Inserm UMR S-1124 & IRMES EA7329, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aubertin-Leheudre M
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Continuous Compared to Accumulated Walking-Training on Physical Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Sedentary Older Persons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176060. [PMID: 32825509 PMCID: PMC7503248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the impact of overground walking interval training (WIT) in a group of sedentary older adults, comparing two different dose-distributions. In this quasi-experimental and longitudinal study, we recruited twenty-three sedentary older adults (71.00 ± 4.10 years) who were assigned to two groups of WIT. The continuous group (CWIT) trained for 60 min/session in the morning, while the accumulated group (AWIT) performed the same duration and intensity of exercise, but it was distributed twice a day (30 min in the morning and 30 more in the afternoon). After 15 weeks of an equal external-load training (3 days/week), Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons revealed significant (p < 0.050) and similar large improvements in both groups in cardiorespiratory fitness and lower limb strength; even larger gains in preferred walking speed and instrumental daily life activity, which was slightly superior for CWIT; and improvements in agility, which were moderate for CWIT and large for AWIT. However, none of the training protocols had an impact on the executive function in the individuals, and only the AWIT group improved health-related quality of life. Although both training protocols induced a general significant improvement in physical function in older adults, our results showed that the accumulative strategy should be recommended when health-related quality of life is the main target, and the continuous strategy should be recommended when weakness may be a threat in the short or medium term.
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernandez-Gonzalez V, Nasarre-Nacenta N, Reverter-Masia J. Impact of Whole Body Electromyostimulation on Velocity, Power and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4982. [PMID: 32664361 PMCID: PMC7400631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with losses in strength and power along with weight and fat mass gains, which may result from menopause-related hormonal changes, aging-associated diseases, and decreased physical activity time. The objective of this study is to analyze if whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is suitable for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal physical deterioration. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre-post test. Both groups conducted 10 weeks of aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group conducted the training with superimposed WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, the experimental group obtained better power (Squat: mean difference (MD) = 38.69 W [1.75,75.62], d = 0.81; Bench press: MD = 25.64 W [17.48, 33.82], d = 2.39) and velocity (Squat: MD = 0.04 m·s-1 [0.01, 0.08], d = 0.98; Bench press: MD = 0.10 m·s-1 [0.06, 0.14], d = 1.90) score improvements than the other group (pBonferroni < 0.05). Furthermore, trivial to small effects were found in the body composition of the participants of both groups (p > 0.050). WB-EMS showed a favorable isolated effect on the development of power and velocity, but it induced negligible effects on the body composition of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido
- EUSES Escola Universitària de la Salut i l’Esport, Rovira i Virgili University, 43870 Tarragona, Spain; (J.V.B.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
| | | | | | - Joaquin Reverter-Masia
- EUSES Escola Universitària de la Salut i l’Esport, Rovira i Virgili University, 43870 Tarragona, Spain; (J.V.B.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
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Da Silva MAR, Baptista LC, Neves RS, De França E, Loureiro H, Lira FS, Caperuto EC, Veríssimo MT, Martins RA. The Effects of Concurrent Training Combining Both Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2020; 11:572. [PMID: 32595518 PMCID: PMC7300209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there are several knowledge gaps on how to properly prescribe concurrent training to achieve the best dose-response, especially regarding the optimal intensity or volume of the aerobic component. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise modes and intensities [i.e. aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT) combined with a resistance training (RT) program] on metabolic outcomes in participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty-nine men and women (67.0 ± 6.7 years) volunteered to a 12-weeks exercise intervention (3 week–1, 50 min/session) and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) RT plus MICT (RT+MICT) (2 males; 11 females); (b) RT plus HIIT (RT+HIIT) (4 males; 9 females); and (c) control group (CON) – without formal exercise (4 males; 9 females). Intensity was established between 60 and 70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) in RT+MICT and ranged from 55–65% to 80–90% HRmax in the RT+HIIT group. Dependent outcomes included morphological, metabolic and hemodynamic variables. Both training groups improved waist circumference (RT+MICT: P = 0.019; RT+HIIT: P = 0.003), but not body weight, fat mass or fat-free mass (P ≥ 0.114). RT+HIIT group improved fasting glucose (P = 0.014), low density lipoprotein [LDL (P = 0.022)], insulin (P = 0.034) and homeostatic model assessment (P = 0.028). RT+MICT group reduced triglycerides (P = 0.053). Both exercise interventions did not change high sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, systolic, diastolic or mean arterial blood pressure (P ≥ 0.05). The CON group reduced the LDL (P = 0.031). This trial suggests that short-term exercise mode and intensity may differently impact the metabolic profile of individuals with MetS. Further, our data suggests that both concurrent trainings promote important cardiometabolic gains, particularly in the RT+HIIT. Nonetheless, due to the small-to-moderate effect size and the short-term intervention length, our data suggests that the intervention length also has an important modulating role in these benefits in older adults with MetS. Therefore, more research is needed to confirm our results using longer exercise interventions and larger groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio R Da Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Physical Education, Universidade da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Liliana C Baptista
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rafael S Neves
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elias De França
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Loureiro
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,School of Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Erico C Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel T Veríssimo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raul A Martins
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Gylling AT, Eriksen CS, Garde E, Wimmelmann CL, Reislev NL, Bieler T, Ziegler AK, Andersen KW, Bauer C, Dideriksen K, Baekgaard M, Mertz KH, Bayer ML, Bloch-Ibenfeldt M, Boraxbekk CJ, Siebner HR, Mortensen EL, Kjaer M. The influence of prolonged strength training upon muscle and fat in healthy and chronically diseased older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 136:110939. [PMID: 32277977 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical muscle function and brain hippocampus size declines with age, accelerating after the age of 60. Strength training over a few months improves physical function, but less is known about how long-term strength training affects physical function and hippocampus volume. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 1-year strength training of two different intensities upon muscle mass, function, and hippocampus volume in retirement-age individuals. METHODS In this multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02123641), participants were allocated to either a) supervised, heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 149, 3/wk), b) moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 154, 3/wk) or c) non-exercise activities (CON, n = 148). 451 participants were randomized (62-70 yrs., women 61%, ≈80% with a chronic medical disease) and 419 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 143, 144 and 132; HRT, MIT and CON). Changes in muscle power (primary outcome), strength and size, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/mental well-being were analyzed. FINDINGS Of the participants (HRT + MIT), 83% completed training at least 2/week. Leg extensor power was unchanged in all groups, but strength training had a positive effect on isometric knee extensor strength in both groups, whereas an increased muscle mass, cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscle, a decreased whole-body fat percentage, visceral fat content and an improved mental health (SF-36) occurred in HRT only. Further, chair-stand performance improved in all groups, whereas hippocampus volume decreased in all groups over time with no influence of strength training. INTERPRETATION Together, the results indicate that leg extensor power did not respond to long-term supervised strength training, but this type of training in a mixed group of healthy and chronically diseased elderly individuals can be implemented with good compliance and induces consistent changes in physiological parameters of muscle strength, muscle mass and abdominal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Theil Gylling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark.
| | - Christian Skou Eriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Ellen Garde
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Nina Linde Reislev
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Theresa Bieler
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kraag Ziegler
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Winther Andersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christian Bauer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Dideriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Maria Baekgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Hudlebusch Mertz
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Monika Lucia Bayer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Mads Bloch-Ibenfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
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Parra-Rizo MA, Sanchis-Soler G. Satisfaction with Life, Subjective Well-Being and Functional Skills in Active Older Adults Based on Their Level of Physical Activity Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1299. [PMID: 32085450 PMCID: PMC7068550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies about the influence of physical activity on life satisfaction, functional ability and subjective well-being in physically active older adults without cognitive impairment are very few for the moment. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the life satisfaction, functional skills and subjective well-being of physically active older adults based on the level of activity practiced. The IPAQ (International Physical Activity), CUBRECAVI and LSIA (Life Satisfaction Index) scales were tested for a sample of 397 Spanish older adults between 61 and 93 years of age (M = 69.65; SD = 4.71). The results showed that those who performed high physical activity obtained higher scores in functional skills (p < 0.01) and in the activities of daily living (p < 0.01). In addition, subjective well-being (p < 0.01) and the functional autonomy of older adults (p < 0.01) were related to the level of physical activity that they practiced. In conclusion, it could be said that the older adults with a high level of physical activity have more functional skills and less difficulties performing the activities of daily living, and that they value their autonomy and health better.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Antonia Parra-Rizo
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gema Sanchis-Soler
- Department of General Didactics and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
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The effects of same-session combined exercise training on cardiorespiratory and functional fitness in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1701-1717. [PMID: 30661187 PMCID: PMC6825647 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endurance and strength training are effective strategies for counteracting age-associated reductions in physical performance in older adults, with a combination of both exercise modes recommended to maximise potential fitness benefits. This meta-analysis sought to quantify the effects of same-session combined endurance and strength training on fitness in adults aged over 50 years. Five electronic databases were searched with studies required to include one of the following outcome measures: VO2peak, 6-min walk test (6MWT), 8-ft timed up-and-go (TUG), and 30-s chair stand. Separate random-effects meta-analyses compared combined training with (1) no-exercise control, (2) endurance training, and (3) strength training with probabilistic magnitude-based inferences subsequently applied. Twenty-seven studies involving 1346 subjects with a mean age of 68.8 years (range 54–85 years) were included in the analysis. The meta-analysed effect on VO2peak was a moderately beneficial effect for the combined training compared to no-exercise controls (3.6 mL kg−1 min−1; ± 95% confidence limits 0.8 mL kg−1 min−1) with additional increases for studies with greater proportions of female participants and shorter training interventions. Combined training also had small-to-moderately beneficial effects on VO2peak when compared to endurance training (0.8 mL kg−1 min−1; ± 1.0 mL kg−1 min−1), 30-s chair stand when compared with strength training (1.1 repetitions; ± 0.5 repetitions) and on TUG (0.8 s; ± 0.7 s), 30-s chair stand (2.8 repetitions; ± 1.7 repetitions), and 6MWT (31.5 m; ± 22.4 m) when compared to no-exercise controls. All other comparisons were unclear. Same-session combined training can induce clinically relevant fitness improvements in older adults.
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Nawrocka A, Niestrój-Jaworska M, Mynarski A, Polechoński J. Association Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Musculoskeletal Disorders, And Perceived Work Ability Among Adult, Middle-Aged And Older Women. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1975-1983. [PMID: 31806953 PMCID: PMC6850688 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s204196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and perceived work ability and musculoskeletal disorders among adult, middle-aged, and older women. Patients and methods This study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 348 women divided into 3 age groups: 30–49 years (n=111), 50–65 years (n=120), 66–75 years (n=117). Weekly physical activity was monitored using tri-axial accelerometer ActiGraph Gt3X. Perceived work ability was assessed using the standardized Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire. Information about the occurrence and intensity of musculoskeletal disorders was collected using standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) expanded by visual analog pain intensity scale (VAS). Results Regardless of age, women who met physical activity recommendations achieved higher scores in each part of the WAI, and also in the total WAI scores. However, the most significant differences were found in women aged 50–64 years, and included the following items: subjective work ability, work ability in relation to demands, work impairments, sick leave in the past year. Total WAI scores were also significantly higher in women aged 30–49 and 50–64 years who met PA recommendations in comparison to women who did not meet recommendations. Also, significant relations between the frequency of occurrence of musculoskeletal problems and meeting physical activity recommendations were found in women aged 50–64 years. Those who were more physically active reported less musculoskeletal problems in shoulders (p=0.006) and ankles/feet (p=0.018) regions. Conclusion Adherence to Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health disseminated by WHO is related to better-perceived work ability among adult (30–49 years) and middle-aged (50–64 years) women. There is also a relationship between adherence to recommendations of physical activity and frequency and intensity of musculoskeletal pain among middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Niestrój-Jaworska
- Department of Physical Activity and Health Prevention, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Mynarski
- Department of Physical Activity and Health Prevention, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Polechoński
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Ballesta-García I, Martínez-González-Moro I, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Carrasco-Poyatos M. High-Intensity Interval Circuit Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Functional Ability and Body Mass Index in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214205. [PMID: 31671584 PMCID: PMC6862704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The literature suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) to improve functional ability. However, there is no evidence on including HIIT in a circuit programme (HIICT). Our objective was to determine what type of training (HIICT or MICT) induces greater adaptations in the functional ability and body mass index of middle-aged and older women. The study used a quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial with 54 participants (age = 67.8 ± 6.2 years). Participants were randomly allocated to HIICT (n = 18), MICT (n = 18) or a non-exercise control group (CG; n = 18). The participants in the HIICT or MICT groups trained twice a week (1 h/session) for 18 weeks. Forty-one subjects were analysed (HIICT; n = 17, MICT; n = 12, CG; n = 12). Five subjects presented adverse events during the study. Strength, gait, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and body mass index were measured. A significant training x group interaction was found in the arm curl test, where HIICT was statistically better than MICT and CG. Likewise, HIICT was statistically better than the CG in the BMI interaction. In lower limb strength, gait/dynamic balance and cardiorespiratory fitness, both HIICT and MICT were statistically better than the CG. In conclusion, HIICT generated better adaptations in upper limb strength than MICT. Likewise, HIICT generated better adaptations in body mass index than CG. Finally, both HIICT and MICT had a similar influence on strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and gait/dynamic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Ballesta-García
- Physical Exercise and Human Performance Research Group, Universidad de Murcia, 30002 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Martínez-González-Moro
- Physical Exercise and Human Performance Research Group, Universidad de Murcia, 30002 Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad de Murcia, 30002 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, UCAM Research Centre for High Performance Sport. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Carrasco-Poyatos
- Department of Education, Health and Public Administration Research Center, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Buckinx F, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Relevance to assess and preserve muscle strength in aging field. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109663. [PMID: 31176745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
According to the revised European consensus on sarcopenia, muscle strength is the primary parameter of sarcopenia and is associated with adverse outcomes or physical limitation. This literature review aims to clarify how and why to measure and preserve muscle strength in older population. Overall, the relationship between muscle strength and physical function is impacted by level of muscle mass, the degree of obesity (BMI), age and physical activity. Therefore, these factors are to be considered in the evaluation of muscle strength. It is necessary to have objective, reliable and sensitive tools to assess muscle strength, in different populations to detect and quantify weakness, to adapt physical exercises to patients' capacity and to evaluate the effects of treatment. Handgrip strength measurement might be reasonable for clinical practice while the measurement of knee flexors/extensors strength with both 1RM and dynamometers is increasingly important yet restricted by the requirement of special equipment. Physical activity and nutrition are two important behavioral factors to maintain muscle strength. Combined exercise and nutrition interventions improved muscle strength to a more prominent degree than exercise or nutrition alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buckinx
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada
| | - M Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada.
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Laurens C, Simon C, Vernikos J, Gauquelin-Koch G, Blanc S, Bergouignan A. Revisiting the Role of Exercise Countermeasure on the Regulation of Energy Balance During Space Flight. Front Physiol 2019; 10:321. [PMID: 30984019 PMCID: PMC6449861 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A body mass loss has been consistently observed in astronauts. This loss is of medical concern since energy deficit can exacerbate some of the deleterious physiological changes observed during space flight including cardiovascular deconditioning, bone density, muscle mass and strength losses, impaired exercise capacity, and immune deficiency among others. These may jeopardize crew health and performance, a healthy return to Earth and mission’s overall success. In the context of planning for planetary exploration, achieving energy balance during long-term space flights becomes a research and operational priority. The regulation of energy balance and its components in current longer duration missions in space must be re-examined and fully understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize current understanding of how energy intake, energy expenditure, and hence energy balance are regulated in space compared to Earth. Data obtained in both actual and simulated microgravity thus far suggest that the obligatory exercise countermeasures program, rather than the microgravity per se, may be partly responsible for the chronic weight loss in space. Little is known of the energy intake, expenditure, and balance during the intense extravehicular activities which will become increasingly more frequent and difficult. The study of the impact of exercise on energy balance in space also provides further insights on lifestyle modalities such as intensity and frequency of exercise, metabolism, and the regulation of body weight on Earth, which is currently a topic of animated debate in the field of energy and obesity research. While not dismissing the significance of exercise as a countermeasure during space flight, data now challenge the current exercise countermeasure program promoted and adopted for many years by all the International Space Agencies. An alternative exercise approach that has a minimum impact on total energy expenditure in space, while preventing muscle mass loss and other physiological changes, is needed in order to better understand the in-flight regulation of energy balance and estimate daily energy requirements. A large body of data generated on Earth suggests that alternate approaches, such as high intensity interval training (HIIT), in combination or not with sessions of resistive exercise, might fulfill such needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Laurens
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France.,Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- Carmen INSERM U1060, Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France.,Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Effect of a short multicomponent exercise intervention focused on muscle power in frail and pre frail elderly: A pilot trial. Exp Gerontol 2018; 115:114-121. [PMID: 30528641 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to establish whether a short supervised facility-based exercise program improved frailty, physical function and performance in comparison with usual care treatment. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental, non-randomized controlled intervention study in frail (2.75 ± 1.25 Frailty Phenotype criteria) older adults (range:77.2-95.8 years). The exercise (EX) group (n = 11) performed concurrent training (power training + high-intensity interval training, HIIT) twice weekly for 6 weeks while the control (CT) group (n = 9) followed usual care. RESULTS The exercise intervention improved frailty status in 64% of the subjects improving Frailty Phenotype by 1.6 points (95%CI 0.8-2.5, p < 0.05), and increasing SPPB score by 3.2 points (95%CI: 2.4-4.0, Cohen's d = 2.0, p < 0.05), muscle power by 47% (95%CI: 7-87%, Cohen's d = 0.5, p < 0.05), muscle strength by 34%(95%CI: 7-60, Cohen's d = 0.6, p < 0.05) and the aerobic capacity by 19% (6 minute walking test +45 m, 95%CI: 7-83, Cohen's d = 0.7, p = 0.054). The CT did not experience any significant changes in frailty status, physical function or performance. CONCLUSIONS A short concurrent exercise program of muscle power and walking-based HIIT training is a feasible and safe method to increase physical performance and improve function and frailty in elder (pre)frail patients.
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Keytsman C, Hansen D, Wens I, O. Eijnde B. Impact of high-intensity concurrent training on cardiovascular risk factors in persons with multiple sclerosis – pilot study. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 41:430-435. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1395086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charly Keytsman
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Inez Wens
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bert O. Eijnde
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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