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Palange AL, Mascolo DD, Ferreira M, Gawne PJ, Spanò R, Felici A, Bono L, Moore TL, Salerno M, Armirotti A, Decuzzi P. Boosting the Potential of Chemotherapy in Advanced Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis via Micro-Combinatorial Hydrogel Particles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205223. [PMID: 36683230 PMCID: PMC10074128 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cell colonization of the lungs is associated with a dismal prognosis as the distributed nature of the disease and poor permeability of the metastatic foci challenge the therapeutic efficacy of small molecules, antibodies, and nanomedicines. Taking advantage of the unique physiology of the pulmonary circulation, here, micro-combinatorial hydrogel particles (µCGP) are realized via soft lithographic techniques to enhance the specific delivery of a cocktail of cytotoxic nanoparticles to metastatic foci. By cross-linking short poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains with erodible linkers within a shape-defining template, a deformable and biodegradable polymeric skeleton is realized and loaded with a variety of therapeutic and imaging agents, including docetaxel-nanoparticles. In a model of advanced breast cancer lung metastasis, µCGP amplified the colocalization of docetaxel-nanoparticles with pulmonary metastatic foci, prolonged the retention of chemotoxic molecules at the diseased site, suppressed lesion growth, and boosted survival beyond 20 weeks post nodule engraftment. The flexible design and modular architecture of µCGP would allow the efficient deployment of complex combination therapies in other vascular districts too, possibly addressing metastatic diseases of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Palange
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision MedicineFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
| | - Daniele Di Mascolo
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision MedicineFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
| | - Miguel Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision MedicineFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
- Present address:
Harvard Medical School, Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Peter J. Gawne
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision MedicineFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
| | - Raffaele Spanò
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision MedicineFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
| | - Alessia Felici
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision MedicineFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
- Present address:
Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Luca Bono
- Analytical Chemistry FacilityFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
| | - Thomas Lee Moore
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision MedicineFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
| | - Marco Salerno
- Materials Characterization FacilityFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry FacilityFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision MedicineFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy
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Disturbed Yin-Yang balance: stress increases the susceptibility to primary and recurrent infections of herpes simplex virus type 1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:383-398. [PMID: 32140387 PMCID: PMC7049575 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic herpes virus, is able to establish a lifelong latent infection in the human host. Following primary replication in mucosal epithelial cells, the virus can enter sensory neurons innervating peripheral tissues via nerve termini. The viral genome is then transported to the nucleus where it can be maintained without producing infectious progeny, and thus latency is established in the cell. Yin–Yang balance is an essential concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Yin represents stable and inhibitory factors, and Yang represents the active and aggressive factors. When the organism is exposed to stress, especially psychological stress caused by emotional stimulation, the Yin–Yang balance is disturbed and the virus can re-engage in productive replication, resulting in recurrent diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the stress-induced susceptibility to HSV-1 primary infection and reactivation is needed and will provide helpful insights into the effective control and treatment of HSV-1. Here we reviewed the recent advances in the studies of HSV-1 susceptibility, latency and reactivation. We included mechanisms involved in primary infection and the regulation of latency and described how stress-induced changes increase the susceptibility to primary and recurrent infections.
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Key Words
- 4E-BP, eIF4E-binding protein
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AMPK, AMP-dependent kinase
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CNS, central nervous system
- CORT, corticosterone
- CPE, cytopathic effect
- CTCF, CCCTC-binding factor
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- CoREST, REST corepressor 1
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DEX, dexamethasone
- GREs, GR response elements
- GRs, glucocorticoid receptors
- H3K9, histone H3 on lysines 9
- HCF-1, host cell factor 1
- HDACs, histone deacetylases
- HPA axis, hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis
- HPK, herpetic simplex keratitis
- HPT axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis
- HSV-1
- HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1
- Herpes simplex virus type 1
- ICP, infected cell polypeptide
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- KLF15, Krüppel-like transcription factor 15
- LAT, latency-associated transcripts
- LRF, Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor
- LSD1, lysine-specific demethylase 1
- Latency
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- ND10, nuclear domains 10
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NK cells, natural killer cells
- OCT-1, octamer binding protein 1
- ORFs, open reading frames
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases
- PML, promyelocytic leukemia protein
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- PRC1, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1
- PRRs, pattern-recognition receptors
- PTMs, post-translational modifications
- RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligands
- REST, RE1-silencing transcription factor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactivation
- SGKs, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinases
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- Stress
- Susceptibility
- T3, thyroid hormone
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TG, trigeminal ganglia
- TK, thymidine kinase
- TRIM14, tripartite motif-containing 14
- TRKA, tropomyosin receptor kinase A
- TRM, tissue resident memory T cells
- cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- sncRNAs, small non-coding RNAs
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Yuan X, Hu T, He H, Qiu H, Wu X, Chen J, Wang M, Chen C, Huang S. Respiratory syncytial virus prolifically infects N2a neuronal cells, leading to TLR4 and nucleolin protein modulations and RSV F protein co-localization with TLR4 and nucleolin. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:13. [PMID: 29427996 PMCID: PMC6389248 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects the central nervous system, resulting in neurological symptoms. However, the precise underlying pathogenic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In the present study, the infectivity of RSV on N2a neuronal cells and the possible roles of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleolin (C23) during RSV infection were investigated. METHODS We compared two experimental groups (infected and non-infected) and monitored the RSV viral titers in the culture supernatant by a viral plaque assay. We also inspected the morphology of the nucleus in infected N2a cells. We measured the level of RSV F protein and studied its co-localization with TLR4 and nucleolin using immunofluorescence assays and laser confocal microscopy. The potential interaction of RSV F protein with TLR4 and nucleolin was examined by coimmunoprecipitation. The expression changes of TLR4, nucleolin, TLR3 and TLR7 proteins in N2a cells and IL-6 and TNF-α in the culture supernatant were investigated by Western Blot analysis and ELISA assay. Changes in neuronal cell apoptosis status was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The results demonstrated prolific RSV infection of N2a cells, which triggered a decrease of NeuN protein expression, coinciding with an increase of nuclear lesions, F protein expression, RSV viral titers, and late apoptotic levels of N2a cells. RSV infection induced co-localization of RSV F protein with TLR4 and nucleolin, which could potentially lead to a direct interaction. Furthermore, it was found that TLR4 and nucleolin levels increased early after infection and decreased subsequently, whereas TLR3 and TLR7 expression increased throughout RSV infection. CONCLUSION The RSV Long strain can prolifically infect N2a neuronal cells, modulating the expression of TLR4 and nucleolin, as well as TLR3, TLR7 and their downstream inflammatory factors, and inducing the co-localization of the RSV F protein with TLR4 and nucleolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanwen He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Health College, Chizhou, Anhui Province 247099 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Minmin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032 People’s Republic of China
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Hsia SCV, Chen LH, Tseng HF. Receipt of thyroid hormone deficiency treatment and risk of herpes zoster. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 59:90-95. [PMID: 28450196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid hormone (TH) has been suggested to control herpes virus gene expression and replication in neurons via epigenetics through its nuclear receptors. It has previously been shown that patients with hypothyroidism are predisposed to herpes zoster (HZ), suggesting that the TH deficiency may be a risk factor for varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that TH treatment will ameliorate the complication of HZ. METHODS This study investigated the hypothesis by enquiring into a comprehensive medical database at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) to verify whether patients taking TH medication experience a reduction in HZ occurrence. RESULTS It was shown by Kaplan-Meier analysis that hypothyroidism patients taking TH medicines had a lower risk of HZ. The fully adjusted analysis indicated that patients receiving medication for the treatment of TH deficiency exhibited a reduced risk of HZ (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.51-0.71). This lower risk of HZ was significant in all age groups except the 18-39 years cohort. In addition, female patients taking TH treatment exhibited a lower risk than their male counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings support the hypothesis that a constant level of TH will provide a degree of protection from contracting HZ. More studies are underway to evaluate the laboratory data for an analysis of hormonal effects on individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chung V Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA.
| | - Lie Hong Chen
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Research, 100 S. Los Robles Ave, 2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Hung-Fu Tseng
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Research, 100 S. Los Robles Ave, 2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
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Figliozzi RW, Chen F, Hsia SV. New insights on thyroid hormone mediated regulation of herpesvirus infections. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:13. [PMID: 28344765 PMCID: PMC5360088 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) has been suggested to participate in the regulation of herpesvirus replication during reactivation. Clinical observations and in vivo experiments suggest that T3 are involved in the suppression of herpes virus replication. In vitro, differentiated LNCaP cells, a human neuron-like cells, further resisted HSV-1 replication upon addition of T3. Previous studies indicate that T3 controlled the expression of several key viral genes via its nuclear receptors in differentiated LNCaP cells. Additional observation showed that differentiated LNCaP cells have active PI3K signaling and inhibitor LY294002 can reverse T3-mediated repression of viral replication. Active PI3K signaling has been linked to HSV-1 latency in neurons. The hypothesis is that, in addition to repressing viral gene transcription at the nuclear level, T3 may influence PI3K signaling to control HSV-1 replication in human neuron-like cells. We review the genomic and non-genomic regulatory roles of T3 by examining the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway gene expression profile changes in differentiated LNCaP cells under the influence of hormone. The results indicated that 15 genes were down-regulated and 22 genes were up-regulated in T3-treated differentiated LNCaP cells in comparison to undifferentiated state. Of all these genes, casein kinase 2 (CK2), a key component to enhance PI3K signaling pathway, was significantly increased upon T3 treatment only while the cells were differentiated. Further studies revealed that CK2 inhibitors tetrabrominated cinnamic acid (TBCA) and 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrabromo-2H-benzotriazole (TBB) both reversed the T3-mediated repression of viral replication. Together these observations suggested a new approach to understanding the roles of T3 in the complicated regulation of HSV-1 replication during latency and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Figliozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, USA.,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, USA
| | - S Victor Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, USA.,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, USA
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Chen F, Figliozzi RW, Bedadala G, Palem J, Hsia SV. Overexpression of thyroid hormone receptor β1 altered thyroid hormone-mediated regulation of herpes simplex virus-1 replication in differentiated cells. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:555-563. [PMID: 26843385 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) has been suggested to play a role in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication. It was previously reported that HSV-1 replication was suppressed by T3 in mouse neuroblastoma cells overexpressing thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1). Using a human neuro-endocrine cells LNCaP differentiated by androgen deprivation, HSV-1 replication was active but decreased by T3 at very low moi, probably due to low copy of TRβ1. In this study, a recombinant HSV-1 was constructed expressing TRβ1 (HSV-1/TRβ1). Infection of Vero cells (very little TRβ1 expression) with HSV-1/TRβ1 exhibited increased replication in the presence of T3 compared to the counterpart without TRβ1 overexpression. Interestingly, HSV-1/TRβ1 infection of differentiated LNCaP cells showed strong suppression of viral replication by T3 and the removal of hormone did not fully reversed the suppression as was observed in parent virus. Quantitative analyses indicated that ICP0 expression was blocked using HSV-1/TRβ1 for infection during T3 washout, suggesting that overexpression of TRβ1 is likely to delay its inhibitory effect on viral gene expression. Together these results emphasized the importance of TRβ1 in the regulation of HSV-1 replication in differentiated environment with neuronal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | - Robert W Figliozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA.,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | - Gautam Bedadala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Jayavardhana Palem
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - S Victor Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA. .,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA.
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