1
|
Hastings RL, Valdez G. Origin, identity, and function of terminal Schwann cells. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:432-446. [PMID: 38664109 PMCID: PMC11168889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The highly specialized nonmyelinating glial cells present at somatic peripheral nerve endings, known collectively as terminal Schwann cells (TSCs), play critical roles in the development, function and repair of their motor and sensory axon terminals and innervating tissue. Over the past decades, research efforts across various vertebrate species have revealed that while TSCs are a diverse group of cells, they share a number of features among them. In this review, we summarize the state-of-knowledge about each TSC type and explore the opportunities that TSCs provide to treat conditions that afflict peripheral axon terminals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Louis Hastings
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, and Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Targosova K, Kucera M, Fazekas T, Kilianova Z, Stankovicova T, Hrabovska A. α7 nicotinic receptors play a role in regulation of cardiac hemodynamics. J Neurochem 2024; 168:414-427. [PMID: 37017608 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic receptors (NR) have been confirmed in the heart but their role in cardiac functions has been contradictory. To address these contradictory findings, we analyzed cardiac functions in α7 NR knockout mice (α7-/-) in vivo and ex vivo in isolated hearts. A standard limb leads electrocardiogram was used, and the pressure curves were recorded in vivo, in Arteria carotis and in the left ventricle, or ex vivo, in the left ventricle of the spontaneously beating isolated hearts perfused following Langedorff's method. Experiments were performed under basic conditions, hypercholinergic conditions, and adrenergic stress. The relative expression levels of α and β NR subunits, muscarinic receptors, β1 adrenergic receptors, and acetylcholine life cycle markers were determined using RT-qPCR. Our results revealed a prolonged QT interval in α7-/- mice. All in vivo hemodynamic parameters were preserved under all studied conditions. The only difference in ex vivo heart rate between genotypes was the loss of bradycardia in prolonged incubation of isoproterenol-pretreated hearts with high doses of acetylcholine. In contrast, left ventricular systolic pressure was lower under basal conditions and showed a significantly higher increase during adrenergic stimulation. No changes in mRNA expression were observed. In conclusion, α7 NR has no major effect on heart rate, except when stressed hearts are exposed to a prolonged hypercholinergic state, suggesting a role in acetylcholine spillover control. In the absence of extracardiac regulatory mechanisms, left ventricular systolic impairment is revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Targosova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Kucera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Fazekas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kilianova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Stankovicova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Hrabovska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Hafner M, Rudolf R. Schwann cells in neuromuscular in vitro models. Biol Chem 2024; 405:25-30. [PMID: 37357580 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular cell culture models are used to investigate synapse formation and function, as well as mechanisms of de-and regeneration in neuromuscular diseases. Recent developments including 3D culture technique and hiPSC technology have propelled their ability to complement insights from in vivo models. However, most cultures have not considered Schwann cells, the glial part of NMJs. In the following, a brief overview of different types of neuromuscular cocultures is provided alongside examples for studies that included Schwann cells. From these, findings concerning the effects of Schwann cells on those cultures are summarized and future lines of research are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gallrein C, Williams AB, Meyer DH, Messling JE, Garcia A, Schumacher B. baz-2 enhances systemic proteostasis in vivo by regulating acetylcholine metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113577. [PMID: 38100354 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Huntington's disease (HD), are linked to protein aggregate neurotoxicity. According to the "cholinergic hypothesis," loss of acetylcholine (ACh) signaling contributes to the AD pathology, and therapeutic restoration of ACh signaling is a common treatment strategy. How disease causation and the effect of ACh are linked to protein aggregation and neurotoxicity remains incompletely understood, thus limiting the development of more effective therapies. Here, we show that BAZ-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of human BAZ2B, limits ACh signaling. baz-2 mutations reverse aggregation and toxicity of amyloid-beta as well as polyglutamine peptides, thereby restoring health and lifespan in nematode models of AD and HD, respectively. The neuroprotective effect of Δbaz-2 is mediated by choline acetyltransferase, phenocopied by ACh-esterase depletion, and dependent on ACh receptors. baz-2 reduction or ectopic ACh treatment augments proteostasis via induction of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and the ubiquitin proteasome system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gallrein
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ashley B Williams
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - David H Meyer
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Messling
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonio Garcia
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sousa-Soares C, Noronha-Matos JB, Correia-de-Sá P. Purinergic Tuning of the Tripartite Neuromuscular Synapse. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4084-4104. [PMID: 37016047 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialised chemical synapse involved in the transmission of bioelectric signals between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber, leading to muscle contraction. Typically, the NMJ is a tripartite synapse comprising (a) a presynaptic region represented by the motor nerve ending, (b) a postsynaptic skeletal motor endplate area, and (c) perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) that shield the motor nerve terminal. Increasing evidence points towards the role of PSCs in the maintenance and control of neuromuscular integrity, transmission, and plasticity. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the main neurotransmitter at the vertebrate skeletal NMJ, and its role is fine-tuned by co-released purinergic neuromodulators, like adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolite adenosine (ADO). Adenine nucleotides modulate transmitter release and expression of postsynaptic ACh receptors at motor synapses via the activation of P2Y and P2X receptors. Endogenously generated ADO modulates ACh release by acting via co-localised inhibitory A1 and facilitatory A2A receptors on motor nerve terminals, whose tonic activation depends on the neuronal firing pattern and their interplay with cholinergic receptors and neuropeptides. Thus, the concerted action of adenine nucleotides, ADO, and ACh/neuropeptide co-transmitters is paramount to adapting the neuromuscular transmission to the working load under pathological conditions, like Myasthenia gravis. Unravelling these functional complexities prompted us to review our knowledge about the way purines orchestrate neuromuscular transmission and plasticity in light of the tripartite synapse concept, emphasising the often-forgotten role of PSCs in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sousa-Soares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, MedInUP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, MedInUP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, MedInUP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murakami Y, Imamura Y, Kasahara Y, Yoshida C, Momono Y, Fang K, Sakai D, Konishi Y, Nishiyama T. Maternal Inflammation with Elevated Kynurenine Metabolites Is Related to the Risk of Abnormal Brain Development and Behavioral Changes in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cells 2023; 12:1087. [PMID: 37048160 PMCID: PMC10093447 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders. Maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation is considered one of the major environmental factors driving this process. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a major route of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in mammalian cells. Activation of the KP following neuro-inflammation can generate various endogenous neuroactive metabolites that may impact brain functions and behaviors. Additionally, neurotoxic metabolites and excitotoxicity cause long-term changes in the trophic support, glutamatergic system, and synaptic function following KP activation. Therefore, investigating the role of KP metabolites during neurodevelopment will likely promote further understanding of additional pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we describe the changes in KP metabolism in the brain during pregnancy and represent how maternal inflammation and genetic factors influence the KP during development. We overview the patients with ASD clinical data and animal models designed to verify the role of perinatal KP elevation in long-lasting biochemical, neuropathological, and behavioral deficits later in life. Our review will help shed light on new therapeutic strategies and interventions targeting the KP for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yukio Imamura
- Department of Architecture and Architectual Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kasahara
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshida
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuta Momono
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yukuo Konishi
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 619-0225, Japan
- Healthcare and Medical Data Multi-Level Integration Platform Group, RIKEN Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
ACh Transfers: Homeostatic Plasticity of Cholinergic Synapses. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:697-709. [PMID: 35643882 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The field of homeostatic plasticity continues to advance rapidly, highlighting the importance of stabilizing neuronal activity within functional limits in the context of numerous fundamental processes such as development, learning, and memory. Most homeostatic plasticity studies have been focused on glutamatergic synapses, while the rules that govern homeostatic regulation of other synapse types are less understood. While cholinergic synapses have emerged as a critical component in the etiology of mammalian neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, relatively few studies have been conducted on the homeostatic plasticity of such synapses, particularly in the mammalian nervous system. An exploration of homeostatic mechanisms at the cholinergic synapse may illuminate potential therapeutic targets for disease management and treatment. We will review cholinergic homeostatic plasticity in the mammalian neuromuscular junction, the autonomic nervous system, central synapses, and in relation to pathological conditions including Alzheimer disease and DYT1 dystonia. This work provides a historical context for the field of cholinergic homeostatic regulation by examining common themes, unique features, and outstanding questions associated with these distinct cholinergic synapse types and aims to inform future research in the field.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang L, Wang SC, Zhang J, Han FG, Zhao J, Xu Y. Case Report: Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Presenting with Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis Caused by De-Novel Compound Heterozygous MUSK Mutation. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:373-379. [PMID: 37091828 PMCID: PMC10120818 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s398071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We report the genetic etiology of a case of bilateral vocal cord paralysis in a female infant. Case Description The female infant developed dyspnea after birth, which improved with treatment, allowing her to be discharged from the local hospital. At 2 months of age, the child experienced a recurrence of dyspnea and was treated in a local hospital with interventions such as tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. However, as the child continued to suffer from dyspnea, she was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children's Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University for further treatment. A second electronic nasopharyngoscopy examination revealed bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The child underwent a tracheostomy due to a failure to wean from mechanical ventilation; after surgery, the respirator was effectively removed, and oxygen delivery ceased. The child and her parents underwent genetic testing with next-generation sequencing technology, which revealed that the child had two heterozygous variants in the MUSK gene, namely the c.2287G>A heterozygous mutation (p.Ala763Thr) and the c.790C>T heterozygous mutation. In addition, Sanger sequencing was performed, which confirmed that these two mutations were, respectively, inherited from the mother and father. Conclusion Congenital myasthenic syndrome caused by MUSK gene mutations can present clinically as bilateral vocal cord paralysis in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Henan Children’s Hospital; Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Cai Wang
- National Center for Children’s Health, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Center for Children’s Health, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Gen Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Henan Children’s Hospital; Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- National Center for Children’s Health, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Henan Children’s Hospital; Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Xu, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Henan Children’s Hospital; Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 3718939569373, Email
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martyn JAJ, Sparling JL, Bittner EA. Molecular mechanisms of muscular and non-muscular actions of neuromuscular blocking agents in critical illness: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:39-50. [PMID: 36175185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite frequent use of neuromuscular blocking agents in critical illness, changes in neuromuscular transmission with critical illness are not well appreciated. Recent studies have provided greater insights into the molecular mechanisms for beneficial muscular effects and non-muscular anti-inflammatory properties of neuromuscular blocking agents. This narrative review summarises the normal structure and function of the neuromuscular junction and its transformation to a 'denervation-like' state in critical illness, the underlying cause of aberrant neuromuscular blocking agent pharmacology. We also address the important favourable and adverse consequences and molecular bases for these consequences during neuromuscular blocking agent use in critical illness. This review, therefore, provides an enhanced understanding of clinical therapeutic effects and novel pathways for the salutary and aberrant effects of neuromuscular blocking agents when used during acquired pathologic states of critical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Jeevendra Martyn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie L Sparling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Edward A Bittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Emerging Roles of Cholinergic Receptors in Schwann Cell Development and Plasticity. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010041. [PMID: 36672549 PMCID: PMC9855772 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross talk between neurons and glial cells during development, adulthood, and disease, has been extensively documented. Among the molecules mediating these interactions, neurotransmitters play a relevant role both in myelinating and non-myelinating glial cells, thus resulting as additional candidates regulating the development and physiology of the glial cells. In this review, we summarise the contribution of the main neurotransmitter receptors in the regulation of the morphogenetic events of glial cells, with particular attention paid to the role of acetylcholine receptors in Schwann cell physiology. In particular, the M2 muscarinic receptor influences Schwann cell phenotype and the α7 nicotinic receptor is emerging as influential in the modulation of peripheral nerve regeneration and inflammation. This new evidence significantly improves our knowledge of Schwann cell development and function and may contribute to identifying interesting new targets to support the activity of these cells in pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fatoki T, Chukwuejim S, Ibraheem O, Oke C, Ejimadu B, Olaoye I, Oyegbenro O, Salami T, Basorun R, Oluwadare O, Salawudeen Y. Harmine and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone synergistically suitable for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis management: An in silico study. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.83332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological disease characterized by progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in paralysis and eventually leads to death from respiratory failure typically within 3 to 5 years of symptom onset. The aim of this work was to predict the pharmacokinetics and identify unique protein targets that are associated with potential anti-ALS phytochemicals and FDA-approved drugs, by in silico approaches.
Materials and methods: Standard computational tools (webserver and software) were used, and the methods used are clustering analysis, pharmacokinetics and molecular target predictions, and molecular docking simulation.
Results and discussion: The results show that riluzole, β-asarone, cryptotanshinone, harmine and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone have similar pharmacokinetics properties. Riluzole and harmine show 95% probability of target on norepinephrine transporter. Huperzine-A and cryptotanshinone show 100% probability of target on acetylcholinesterase. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone shows 35% probability of target on several carbonic anhydrases, 40% probability of target on CYP19A1, and 100% probability of target on inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase beta subunit and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, respectively. Harmine also shows 95% probability of target on dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinases, threonine-protein kinases (haspin and PIM3), adrenergic receptors, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK5 and CDK9), monoamine oxidase A, casein kinase I delta, serotonin receptors, dual specificity protein kinases (CLK1, CLK2, and CLK4), and nischarin, respectively. Also, the results of gene expression network show possible involvement of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, ERK1, ERK2 and MAPK14 signaling pathways. This study shows that riluzole and harmine have closely similar physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties as well as molecular targets, such as norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2). Harmine, huperzine-A and cryptotanshinone could modulate acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is involved in ALS-pathogenesis. The impact of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone on several carbonic anhydrases (CA) I, II, VII, IX, XII, and XIV, as well as CYP19A1, could help in remediating the respiratory failure associated with ALS.
Conclusion: Overall, harmine is found to be superior to riluzole, and the combination of harmine with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone can provide more effective treatment for ALS than the current regime. Further work is needed to validate the predicted therapeutic targets of harmine identified in this study on ALS model or clinical trials, using in silico, in vitro and in vivo techniques.
Graphical abstract:
Collapse
|
12
|
Ceccanti M, Libonati L, Ruffolo G, Cifelli P, Moret F, Frasca V, Palma E, Inghilleri M, Cambieri C. Effects of 3,4-diaminopyridine on myasthenia gravis: Preliminary results of an open-label study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982434. [PMID: 36052140 PMCID: PMC9424766 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) can lead to clinical and electrophysiological improvement in myasthenic syndrome; it may thus represent a valuable therapeutic option for patients intolerant to pyridostigmine. Objective: to assess 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) effects and tolerability in patients with anti-AChR myasthenia gravis. Method: Effects were monitored electrophysiologically by repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and by standardized clinical testing (QMG score) before and after a single dose administration of 3,4-DAP 10 mg per os in 15 patients. Patients were divided according to their Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) class into mild and severe. Results: No significant side effects were found, apart from transient paresthesia. 3,4-DAP had a significant effect on the QMG score (p = 0.0251), on repetitive nerve stimulation (p = 0.0251), and on the forced vital capacity (p = 0.03), thus indicating that it may reduce the level of disability and the decremental muscle response. When the patients were divided according to the MGFA classification, 3,4-DAP showed a positive effect in the severe group, either for the QMG score (p = 0.031) or for the RNS decrement (p = 0.031). No significant difference was observed in any of the outcome measures within the mild group (p > 0.05). A direct effect of 3,4-DAP on nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) was excluded since human nAChRs reconstituted in an expression system, which were not affected by 3,4-DAP application. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 3,4-DAP may be a useful add-on therapy, especially in most severe patients or when immunosuppressive treatment has not yet reached its full effect or when significant side-effects are associated with anticholinesterase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ceccanti
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Libonati
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute Pasteur- Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Cifelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Federica Moret
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Frasca
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute Pasteur- Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Inghilleri
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cambieri
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Chiara Cambieri,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
González Sanabria J, Hurtado Paso M, Frontera T, Losavio A. Effect of endogenous purines on electrically evoked ACh release at the mouse neuromuscular junction. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1933-1950. [PMID: 35839285 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
At the mouse neuromuscular junction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is co-released with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), and its metabolite adenosine, modulate neurotransmitter release by activating presynaptic inhibitory P2Y13 receptors (a subtype of ATP/adenosine diphosphate [ADP] receptor), inhibitory A1 and A3 adenosine receptors, and excitatory A2A adenosine receptors. To study the effect of endogenous purines, when phrenic-diaphragm preparations are depolarized by different nerve stimulation patterns, we analyzed the effect of the antagonists for P2Y13 , A1 , A3 , and A2A receptors (AR-C69931MX, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, MRS-1191, and SCH-58261, respectively) on the amplitude of the end-plate potentials of the trains, and contrasted these results with those obtained with the selective agonists of these receptors (2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt hydrate, 2-chloro-N6 -cyclopentyl-adenosine, inosine, and PSB-0777, respectively). During continuous 0.5-Hz stimulation, the amount of endogenous purines was not enough to activate purinergic receptors, while at continuous 5-Hz stimulation, an incipient action of endogenous purines on P2Y13 , A1 and A3 receptors might be evident just at the end of the trains. During continuous 50-Hz stimulation, the concentration of endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine exerted an inhibitory action on ACh release after of the initial phase of the train, but when the nerve was stimulated at intermittent 50 Hz (5 bursts), this behavior was not observed. Excitatory A2A receptors were only activated when continuous 100-Hz stimulation was applied. In conclusion, when motor nerve terminals are depolarized by repetitive stimulation of the phrenic nerve, endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine are able to fine-tune neurosecretion depending on the frequency and pattern of stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier González Sanabria
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Hurtado Paso
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Frontera
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Losavio
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lenina OA, Kovyazina IV. Role of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Synaptic Transmission in Frog Neuromuscular Contacts. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:534-538. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Balanced modulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission via M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors during inhibition of cholinesterases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1688. [PMID: 35105922 PMCID: PMC8807813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) compounds that inhibit acetylcholinesterase are a common cause of poisoning worldwide, resulting in several hundred thousand deaths each year. The pathways activated during OP compound poisoning via overstimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) play a decisive role in toxidrome. The antidotal therapy includes atropine, which is a nonspecific blocker of all mAChR subtypes. Atropine is efficient for mitigating depression in respiratory control centers but does not benefit patients with OP-induced skeletal muscle weakness. By using an ex vivo model of OP-induced muscle weakness, we studied the effects of the M1/M4 mAChR antagonist pirenzepine and the M2/M4 mAChR antagonist methoctramine on the force of mouse diaphragm muscle contraction. It was shown that weakness caused by the application of paraoxon can be significantly prevented by methoctramine (1 µM). However, neither pirenzepine (0.1 µM) nor atropine (1 µM) was able to prevent muscle weakness. Moreover, the application of pirenzepine significantly reduced the positive effect of methoctramine. Thus, balanced modulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission via M1 and M2 mAChRs contributes to paraoxon-induced muscle weakness. It was shown that methoctramine (10 µmol/kg, i.p.) and atropine (50 µmol/kg, i.p.) were equieffective toward increasing the survival of mice poisoned with a 2xLD50 dose of paraoxon.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ricci V, Ricci C, Cocco G, Gervasoni F, Donati D, Farì G, Özçakar L. Histopathology and high-resolution ultrasound imaging for peripheral nerve (injuries). J Neurol 2022; 269:3663-3675. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-10988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
17
|
Petrov KA, Proskurina SE, Krejci E. Cholinesterases in Tripartite Neuromuscular Synapse. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:811220. [PMID: 35002624 PMCID: PMC8733319 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.811220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a tripartite synapse in which not only presynaptic and post-synaptic cells participate in synaptic transmission, but also terminal Schwann cells (TSC). Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter that mediates the signal between the motor neuron and the muscle but also between the motor neuron and TSC. ACh action is terminated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anchored by collagen Q (ColQ) in the basal lamina of NMJs. AChE is also anchored by a proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA) to the surface of the nerve terminal. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a second cholinesterase, is abundant on TSC and anchored by PRiMA to its plasma membrane. Genetic studies in mice have revealed different regulations of synaptic transmission that depend on ACh spillover. One of the strongest is a depression of ACh release that depends on the activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Partial AChE deficiency has been described in many pathologies or during treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors. In addition to changing the activation of muscle nAChR, AChE deficiency results in an ACh spillover that changes TSC signaling. In this mini-review, we will first briefly outline the organization of the NMJ. This will be followed by a look at the role of TSC in synaptic transmission. Finally, we will review the pathological conditions where there is evidence of decreased AChE activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana E Proskurina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eric Krejci
- CNRS, Université de Paris, ENS Paris Saclay, Centre Borelli UMR 9010, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cholinergic blockade of neuroinflammation – from tissue to RNA regulators. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210035. [PMID: 35211331 PMCID: PMC8837817 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory stimuli and consequent pro-inflammatory immune responses may facilitate neurodegeneration and threaten survival following pathogen infection or trauma, but potential controllers preventing these risks are incompletely understood. Here, we argue that small RNA regulators of acetylcholine (ACh) signaling, including microRNAs (miRs) and transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) may tilt the balance between innate and adaptive immunity, avoid chronic inflammation and prevent the neuroinflammation-mediated exacerbation of many neurological diseases. While the restrictive permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from peripheral immune events, this barrier can be disrupted by inflammation and is weakened with age. The consequently dysregulated balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes may modify the immune activities of brain microglia, astrocytes, perivascular macrophages, oligodendrocytes and dendritic cells, leading to neuronal damage. Notably, the vagus nerve mediates the peripheral cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex and underlines the consistent control of body–brain inflammation by pro-inflammatory cytokines, which affect cholinergic functions; therefore, the disruption of this reflex can exacerbate cognitive impairments such as attention deficits and delirium. RNA regulators can contribute to re-balancing the cholinergic network and avoiding its chronic deterioration, and their activities may differ between men and women and/or wear off with age. This can lead to hypersensitivity of aged patients to inflammation and higher risks of neuroinflammation-driven cholinergic impairments such as delirium and dementia following COVID-19 infection. The age- and sex-driven differences in post-transcriptional RNA regulators of cholinergic elements may hence indicate new personalized therapeutic options for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mukhametgalieva AR, Lushchekina SV, Aglyamova AR, Masson P. Steady-state kinetic analysis of human cholinesterases over wide concentration ranges of competing substrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140733. [PMID: 34662731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Substrate competition for human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was studies under steady-state conditions using wide range of substrate concentrations. Competing couples of substates were acetyl-(thio)esters. Phenyl acetate (PhA) was the reporter substrate and competitor were either acetylcholine (ACh) or acetylthiocholine (ATC). The common point between investigated substrates is that the acyl moiety is acetate, i.e. same deacylation rate constant for reporter and competitor substrate. Steady-state kinetics of cholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of PhA in the presence of ACh or ATC revealed 3 phases of inhibition as concentration of competitor increased: a) competitive inhibition, b) partially mixed inhibition, c) partially uncompetitive inhibition for AChE and partially uncompetitive activation for BChE. This sequence reflects binding of competitor in the active centrer at low concentration and on the peripheral anionic site (PAS) at high concentration. In particular, it showed that binding of a competing ligand on PAS may affect the catalytic behavior of AChE and BChE in an opposite way, i.e. inhibition of AChE and activation of BChE, regardless the nature of the reporter substrate. For both enzymes, progress curves for hydrolysis of PhA at very low concentration (≪Km) in the presence of increasing concentration of ATC showed that: a) the competing substrate and the reporter substrate are hydrolyzed at the same time, b) complete hydrolysis of PhA cannot be reached above 1 mM competing substrate. This likely results from accumulation of hydrolysis products (P) of competing substrate and/or accumulation of acetylated enzyme·P complex that inhibit hydrolysis of the reporter substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliya R Mukhametgalieva
- Kazan Federal University, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, 18 ul. Kremlevskaya, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 ul. Kosygina, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Aliya R Aglyamova
- Kazan Federal University, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, 18 ul. Kremlevskaya, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Patrick Masson
- Kazan Federal University, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, 18 ul. Kremlevskaya, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Bruch R, Koch P, Hafner M, Rudolf R. hiPSC-Derived Schwann Cells Influence Myogenic Differentiation in Neuromuscular Cocultures. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123292. [PMID: 34943800 PMCID: PMC8699767 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons, skeletal muscle fibers, and Schwann cells form synapses, termed neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These control voluntary body movement and are affected in numerous neuromuscular diseases. Therefore, a variety of NMJ in vitro models have been explored to enable mechanistic and pharmacological studies. So far, selective integration of Schwann cells in these models has been hampered, due to technical limitations. Here we present robust protocols for derivation of Schwann cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their coculture with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 muscle cells. Upon differentiation with tuned BMP signaling, Schwann cells expressed marker proteins, S100b, Gap43, vimentin, and myelin protein zero. Furthermore, they displayed typical spindle-shaped morphologies with long processes, which often aligned with motoneuron axons. Inclusion of Schwann cells in coculture experiments with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 myoblasts enhanced myotube growth and affected size and number of acetylcholine receptor plaques on myotubes. Altogether, these data argue for the availability of a consistent differentiation protocol for Schwann cells and their amenability for functional integration into neuromuscular in vitro models, fostering future studies of neuromuscular mechanisms and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Philipp Koch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;
- Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Heidelberg University, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Heidelberg University, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bukharaeva EA, Skorinkin AI. Cholinergic Modulation of Acetylcholine
Secretion at the Neuromuscular Junction. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Bukharaeva E, Khuzakhmetova V, Dmitrieva S, Tsentsevitsky A. Adrenoceptors Modulate Cholinergic Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094611. [PMID: 33924758 PMCID: PMC8124642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenoceptor activators and blockers are widely used clinically for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. More recently, adrenergic agents have also been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies indicate a location of sympathetic varicosities in close proximity to neuromuscular junctions. The pressing question is whether there could be any effects of endo- or exogenous catecholamines on cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. It was shown that the pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors, as well as sympathectomy, can affect both acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminals and the functioning of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors. In this review, we discuss the recent data regarding the effects of adrenergic drugs on neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which the clinically relevant adrenomimetics and adrenoblockers regulate quantal acetylcholine release from the presynaptic nerve terminals and postsynaptic sensitivity may help in the design of highly effective and well-tolerated sympathomimetics for treating a number of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by synaptic defects.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lushchekina SV, Masson P. Slow-binding inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase of medical interest. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108236. [PMID: 32712274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Certain ligands slowly bind to acetylcholinesterase. As a result, there is a slow establishment of enzyme-inhibitor equilibrium characterized by a slow onset of inhibition prior reaching steady state. Three mechanisms account for slow-binding inhibition: a) slow binding rate constant kon, b) slow ligand induced-fit following a fast binding step, c) slow conformational selection of an enzyme form. The slow equilibrium may be followed by a chemical step. This later that can be irreversible has been observed with certain alkylating agents and substrate transition state analogs. Slow-binding inhibitors present long residence times on target. This results in prolonged pharmacological or toxicological action. Through several well-known molecules (e.g. huperzine) and new examples (tocopherol, trifluoroacetophenone and a 6-methyluracil alkylammonium derivative), we show that slow-binding inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase are promising drugs for treatment of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer disease and myasthenia gravis. Moreover, they may be of interest for neuroprotection (prophylaxis) against organophosphorus poisoning. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: From Bench to Bedside to Battlefield'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofya V Lushchekina
- Laboratory of Computer Modeling of Biomolecular Systems and Nanomaterials, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS, 4 Kosygina St., Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Patrick Masson
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, 420008, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Castro R, Taetzsch T, Vaughan SK, Godbe K, Chappell J, Settlage RE, Valdez G. Specific labeling of synaptic schwann cells reveals unique cellular and molecular features. eLife 2020; 9:e56935. [PMID: 32584256 PMCID: PMC7316509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) are specialized, non-myelinating, synaptic glia of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), that participate in synapse development, function, maintenance, and repair. The study of PSCs has relied on an anatomy-based approach, as the identities of cell-specific PSC molecular markers have remained elusive. This limited approach has precluded our ability to isolate and genetically manipulate PSCs in a cell specific manner. We have identified neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) as a unique molecular marker of S100β+ PSCs in skeletal muscle. NG2 is expressed in Schwann cells already associated with the NMJ, indicating that it is a marker of differentiated PSCs. Using a newly generated transgenic mouse in which PSCs are specifically labeled, we show that PSCs have a unique molecular signature that includes genes known to play critical roles in PSCs and synapses. These findings will serve as a springboard for revealing drivers of PSC differentiation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Castro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Thomas Taetzsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Sydney K Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Kerilyn Godbe
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech CarilionRoanokeUnited States
| | - John Chappell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech CarilionRoanokeUnited States
| | - Robert E Settlage
- Department of Advanced Research Computing, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Noronha-Matos JB, Oliveira L, Peixoto AR, Almeida L, Castellão-Santana LM, Ambiel CR, Alves-do Prado W, Correia-de-Sá P. Nicotinic α7 receptor-induced adenosine release from perisynaptic Schwann cells controls acetylcholine spillover from motor endplates. J Neurochem 2020; 154:263-283. [PMID: 32011735 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) spillover from motor endplates occurs after neuronal firing bursts being potentiated by cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., neostigmine). Nicotinic α7 receptors (α7nAChR) on perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) can control ACh spillover by unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that adenosine might be the gliotransmitter underlying PSCs-nerve terminal communication. Rat isolated hemidiaphragm preparations were used to measure (1) the outflow of [3 H]ACh, (2) real-time transmitter exocytosis by video-microscopy with the FM4-64 fluorescent dye, and (3) skeletal muscle contractions during high-frequency (50 Hz) nerve stimulation bursts in the presence of a selective α7nAChR agonist, PNU 282987, or upon inhibition of cholinesterase activity with neostigmine. To confirm our prediction that α7nAChR-mediated effects require direct activation of PSCs, we used fluorescence video-microscopy in the real-time mode to measure PNU 282987-induced [Ca2+ ]i transients from Fluo-4 NW loaded PSCs in non-stimulated preparations. The α7nAChR agonist, PNU 282987, decreased nerve-evoked diaphragm tetanic contractions. PNU 282987-induced inhibition was mimicked by neostigmine and results from the reduction of ACh exocytosis measured as decreases in [3 H]ACh release and FM4-64 fluorescent dye unloading. Methyllycaconitine blockage of α7nAChR and the fluoroacetate gliotoxin both prevented inhibition of nerve-evoked ACh release and PSCs [Ca2+ ]i transients triggered by PNU 282987 and neostigmine. Adenosine deamination, inhibition of the ENT1 nucleoside outflow, and blockage of A1 receptors prevented PNU 282987-induced inhibition of transmitter release. Data suggest that α7nAChR controls tetanic-induced ACh spillover from the neuromuscular synapse by promoting adenosine outflow from PSCs via ENT1 transporters and retrograde activation of presynaptic A1 inhibitory receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José B Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Peixoto
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Célia R Ambiel
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wilson Alves-do Prado
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Broide RS, Winzer-Serhan UH, Chen Y, Leslie FM. Distribution of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit mRNA in the Developing Mouse. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:76. [PMID: 31447654 PMCID: PMC6691102 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Homomeric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are abundantly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS, respectively), and spinal cord. In addition, expression and functional responses have been reported in non-neuronal tissue. In the nervous system, α7 nAChR subunit expression appears early during embryonic development and is often transiently upregulated, but little is known about their prenatal expression outside of the nervous system. For understanding potential short-term and long-term effects of gestational nicotine exposure, it is important to know the temporal and spatial expression of α7 nAChRs throughout the body. To that end, we studied the expression of α7 nAChR subunit mRNA using highly sensitive isotopic in situ hybridization in embryonic and neonatal whole-body mouse sections starting at gestational day 13. The results revealed expression of α7 mRNA as early as embryonic day 13 in the PNS, including dorsal root ganglia, parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia, with the strongest expression in the superior cervical ganglion, and low to moderate levels were detected in brain and spinal cord, respectively, which rapidly increased in intensity with embryonic age. In addition, robust α7 mRNA expression was detected in the adrenal medulla, and low to moderate expression in selected peripheral tissues during embryonic development, potentially related to cells derived from the neural crest. Little or no mRNA expression was detected in thymus or spleen, sites of immune cell maturation. The results suggest that prenatal nicotine exposure could potentially affect the nervous system with limited effects in non-neural tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron S Broide
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ursula H Winzer-Serhan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Yling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Frances M Leslie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nicole S, Azuma Y, Bauché S, Eymard B, Lochmüller H, Slater C. Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes or Inherited Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission: Recent Discoveries and Open Questions. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 4:269-284. [PMID: 29125502 PMCID: PMC5701762 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-170257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) form a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. They are genetically-inherited and caused by defective synaptic transmission at the cholinergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The number of genes known to cause CMS when mutated is currently 30, and the relationship between fatigable muscle weakness and defective functions is quite well-understood for many of them. However, some of the most recent discoveries in individuals with CMS challenge our knowledge of the NMJ, where the basis of the pathology has mostly been investigated in animal models. Frontier forms between CMS and congenital myopathy, which have been genetically and clinically identified, underline the poorly understood interplay between the synaptic and extrasynaptic molecules in the neuromuscular system. In addition, precise electrophysiological and histopathological investigations of individuals with CMS suggest an important role of NMJ plasticity in the response to CMS pathogenesis. While efficient drug-based treatments are already available to improve neuromuscular transmission for most forms of CMS, others, as well as neurological and muscular comorbidities, remain resistant. Taken together, the available pathological data point to physiological issues which remain to be understood in order to achieve precision medicine with efficient therapeutics for all individuals suffering from CMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nicole
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yoshiteru Azuma
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Stéphanie Bauché
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Eymard
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Clarke Slater
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nervo A, Calas AG, Nachon F, Krejci E. Respiratory failure triggered by cholinesterase inhibitors may involve activation of a reflex sensory pathway by acetylcholine spillover. Toxicology 2019; 424:152232. [PMID: 31175885 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiration failure during exposure by cholinesterase inhibitors has been widely assumed to be due to inhibition of cholinesterase in the brain. Using a double chamber plethysmograph to measure various respiratory parameters, we observed long "end inspiratory pauses" (EIP) during most exposure that depressed breathing. Surprisingly, Colq KO mice that have a normal level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain but a severe deficit in muscles and other peripheral tissues do not pause the breathing by long EIP. In mice, long EIP can be triggered by a nasal irritant. Eucalyptol, an agonist of cold receptor (TRPM8) acting on afferent sensory neurons and known to reduce the EIP triggered by such irritants, strongly reduced the EIP induced by cholinesterase inhibitor. These results suggest that acetylcholine (ACh) spillover from the neuromuscular junction, which is unchanged in Colq KO mice, may activate afferent sensory systems and trigger sensory reflexes, as reversed by eucalyptol. Indeed, the role of AChE at the cholinergic synapses is not only to accurately control the synaptic transmission but also to prevent the spillover of ACh. In the peripheral tissues, the ACh flood induced by cholinesterase inhibition may be very toxic due to interaction with non-neuronal cells that use ACh at low levels to communicate with afferent sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Nervo
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; COGnition and Action Group, UMR 8257, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - André-Guilhem Calas
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; COGnition and Action Group, UMR 8257, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Eric Krejci
- COGnition and Action Group, UMR 8257, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kozlova AA, Lotfi M, Okkema PG. Cross Talk with the GAR-3 Receptor Contributes to Feeding Defects in Caenorhabditis elegans eat-2 Mutants. Genetics 2019; 212:231-243. [PMID: 30898771 PMCID: PMC6499512 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise signaling at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is essential for proper muscle contraction. In the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx, acetylcholine (ACh) released from the MC and M4 motor neurons stimulates two different types of contractions in adjacent muscle cells, termed pumping and isthmus peristalsis. MC stimulates rapid pumping through the nicotinic ACh receptor EAT-2, which is tightly localized at the MC NMJ, and eat-2 mutants exhibit a slow pump rate. Surprisingly, we found that eat-2 mutants also hyperstimulated peristaltic contractions, and that they were characterized by increased and prolonged Ca2+ transients in the isthmus muscles. This hyperstimulation depends on cross talk with the GAR-3 muscarinic ACh receptor as gar-3 mutation specifically suppressed the prolonged contraction and increased Ca2+ observed in eat-2 mutant peristalses. Similar GAR-3-dependent hyperstimulation was also observed in mutants lacking the ace-3 acetylcholinesterase, and we suggest that NMJ defects in eat-2 and ace-3 mutants result in ACh stimulation of extrasynaptic GAR-3 receptors in isthmus muscles. gar-3 mutation also suppressed slow larval growth and prolonged life span phenotypes that result from dietary restriction in eat-2 mutants, indicating that cross talk with the GAR-3 receptor has a long-term impact on feeding behavior and eat-2 mutant phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Kozlova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Michelle Lotfi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Peter G Okkema
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zorbaz T, Malinak D, Kuca K, Musilek K, Kovarik Z. Butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by nerve agents is efficiently reactivated with chlorinated pyridinium oximes. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:16-20. [PMID: 31004594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bispyridinium oximes with one (K865, K866, K867) or two (K868, K869, K870) ortho-positioned chlorine moiety, analogous to previously known K027, K048 and K203 oximes, and potent reactivators of human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by nerve agents, were tested in the reactivation of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibited by sarin, cyclosarin, VX, and tabun. A previously highlighted AChE reactivator, dichlorinated bispyridinium oxime with propyl linker (K868), was tested in more detail for reactivation of four nerve agent-BChE conjugates. Its BChE reactivation potency was showed to be promising when compared to the standard oximes used in medical practice, asoxime (HI-6) and pralidoxime (2-PAM), especially in case of sarin and tabun. This finding could be used in the pseudo-catalytic scavenging of the most nerve agents due to its cumulative capacity to reactivate both AChE and BChE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zorbaz
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Legay C. Congenital myasthenic syndromes with acetylcholinesterase deficiency, the pathophysiological mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1413:104-110. [PMID: 29405353 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a cholinergic synapse in vertebrates. This synapse connects motoneurons to muscles and is responsible for muscle contraction, a physiological process that is essential for survival. A key factor for the normal functioning of this synapse is the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the synaptic cleft. This is ensured by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which degrades ACh. A number of mutations in synaptic genes expressed in motoneurons or muscle cells have been identified and are causative for a class of neuromuscular diseases called congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs). One of these CMSs is due to deficiency in AChE, which is absent or diffuse in the synaptic cleft. Here, I focus on the origins of the syndrome. The role of ColQ, a collagen that anchors AChE in the synaptic cleft, is discussed in this context. Studies performed on patient biopsies, transgenic mice, and muscle cultures have provided a more comprehensive view of the connectome at the NMJ that should be useful for understanding the differences in the symptoms observed in specific CMSs due to mutated proteins in the synaptic cleft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Legay
- CNRS 8119, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Blockade of Metabotropic GABA-B Receptors as an Approach to Reduce Toxic Peripheral Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors. BIONANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-018-0572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
33
|
Petrov KA, Nikolsky EE, Masson P. Autoregulation of Acetylcholine Release and Micro-Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms at Neuromuscular Junction: Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Therapy of Myasthenic Syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:766. [PMID: 30050445 PMCID: PMC6052098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are directly involved into such indispensable to life processes as respiration and locomotion. However, motor nerve forms only one synaptic contact at each muscle fiber. This unique configuration requires specific properties and constrains to be effective. The very high density of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) of muscle type in synaptic cleft and an excess of acetylcholine (ACh) released under physiological conditions make this synapse extremely reliable. Nevertheless, under pathological conditions such as myasthenia gravis and congenital myasthenic syndromes, the safety factor can be markedly reduced. Drugs used for short-term symptomatic therapy of these pathological states, cause partial inhibition of cholinesterases (ChEs). These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of ACh, thus terminate its action on AChRs. Extension of the lifetime of ACh molecules compensates muscular AChRs abnormalities and, consequently, rescues muscle contractions. In this mini review, we will first outline the functional organization of the NMJ, and then, consider the concept of the safety factor and how it may be changed. This will be followed by a look at autoregulation of ACh release that influences the safety factor of NMJs. Finally, we will consider the morphological features of NMJs as a putative reserve to increase effectiveness of pathological muscle weakness therapy by ChEs inhibitors due to opportunity to use micro-pharmacodynamic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Petrov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Neuropharmacology Lab, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny E Nikolsky
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Patrick Masson
- Neuropharmacology Lab, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zorbaz T, Braïki A, Maraković N, Renou J, de la Mora E, Maček Hrvat N, Katalinić M, Silman I, Sussman JL, Mercey G, Gomez C, Mougeot R, Pérez B, Baati R, Nachon F, Weik M, Jean L, Kovarik Z, Renard PY. Potent 3-Hydroxy-2-Pyridine Aldoxime Reactivators of Organophosphate-Inhibited Cholinesterases with Predicted Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration. Chemistry 2018; 24:9675-9691. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zorbaz
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health; Ksaverska cesta 2 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Anissa Braïki
- COBRA (UMR 6014); INSA Rouen; CNRS; Normandie Univ.; UNIROUEN; 76000 Rouen France
| | - Nikola Maraković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health; Ksaverska cesta 2 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Julien Renou
- COBRA (UMR 6014); INSA Rouen; CNRS; Normandie Univ.; UNIROUEN; 76000 Rouen France
| | | | - Nikolina Maček Hrvat
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health; Ksaverska cesta 2 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health; Ksaverska cesta 2 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Israel Silman
- Department of Neurobiology; Weizmann Institute of Science; 6100 Rehovot Israel
| | - Joel L. Sussman
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; 76100 Rehovot Israel
| | - Guillaume Mercey
- COBRA (UMR 6014); INSA Rouen; CNRS; Normandie Univ.; UNIROUEN; 76000 Rouen France
| | - Catherine Gomez
- COBRA (UMR 6014); INSA Rouen; CNRS; Normandie Univ.; UNIROUEN; 76000 Rouen France
| | - Romain Mougeot
- COBRA (UMR 6014); INSA Rouen; CNRS; Normandie Univ.; UNIROUEN; 76000 Rouen France
| | - Belén Pérez
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Rachid Baati
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES); ECPM, UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées; 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge France
| | - Martin Weik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; CEA; CNRS; IBS; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Ludovic Jean
- COBRA (UMR 6014); INSA Rouen; CNRS; Normandie Univ.; UNIROUEN; 76000 Rouen France
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health; Ksaverska cesta 2 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- COBRA (UMR 6014); INSA Rouen; CNRS; Normandie Univ.; UNIROUEN; 76000 Rouen France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Animal Models of the Neuromuscular Junction, Vitally Informative for Understanding Function and the Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051326. [PMID: 29710836 PMCID: PMC5983836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the point of contact between motor nerve and skeletal muscle, its vital role in muscle function is reliant on the precise location and function of many proteins. Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders of neuromuscular transmission with 30 or more implicated proteins. The use of animal models has been instrumental in determining the specific role of many CMS-related proteins. The mouse neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been extensively studied in animal models of CMS due to its amenability for detailed electrophysiological and histological investigations and relative similarity to human NMJ. As well as their use to determine the precise molecular mechanisms of CMS variants, where an animal model accurately reflects the human phenotype they become useful tools for study of therapeutic interventions. Many of the animal models that have been important in deconvolving the complexities of neuromuscular transmission and revealing the molecular mechanisms of disease are highlighted.
Collapse
|
36
|
Galdeano C, Coquelle N, Cieslikiewicz-Bouet M, Bartolini M, Pérez B, Clos MV, Silman I, Jean L, Colletier JP, Renard PY, Muñoz-Torrero D. Increasing Polarity in Tacrine and Huprine Derivatives: Potent Anticholinesterase Agents for the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29534488 PMCID: PMC6017698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis is based on the use of peripherally-acting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that, in some cases, must be discontinued due to the occurrence of a number of side-effects. Thus, new AChE inhibitors are being developed and investigated for their potential use against this disease. Here, we have explored two alternative approaches to get access to peripherally-acting AChE inhibitors as new agents against myasthenia gravis, by structural modification of the brain permeable anti-Alzheimer AChE inhibitors tacrine, 6-chlorotacrine, and huprine Y. Both quaternization upon methylation of the quinoline nitrogen atom, and tethering of a triazole ring, with, in some cases, the additional incorporation of a polyphenol-like moiety, result in more polar compounds with higher inhibitory activity against human AChE (up to 190-fold) and butyrylcholinesterase (up to 40-fold) than pyridostigmine, the standard drug for symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis. The novel compounds are furthermore devoid of brain permeability, thereby emerging as interesting leads against myasthenia gravis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carles Galdeano
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicolas Coquelle
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) (UMR 5075), F-38054 Grenoble, France.
- Large-Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Monika Cieslikiewicz-Bouet
- Laboratory COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Victòria Clos
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Israel Silman
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ludovic Jean
- Laboratory COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Jacques-Philippe Colletier
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) (UMR 5075), F-38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Laboratory COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
C-547, a 6-methyluracil derivative with long-lasting binding and rebinding on acetylcholinesterase: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Neuropharmacology 2018; 131:304-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
38
|
Heredia DJ, Feng CY, Hennig GW, Renden RB, Gould TW. Activity-induced Ca 2+ signaling in perisynaptic Schwann cells of the early postnatal mouse is mediated by P2Y 1 receptors and regulates muscle fatigue. eLife 2018; 7:30839. [PMID: 29384476 PMCID: PMC5798932 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Perisynaptic glial cells respond to neural activity by increasing cytosolic calcium, but the significance of this pathway is unclear. Terminal/perisynaptic Schwann cells (TPSCs) are a perisynaptic glial cell at the neuromuscular junction that respond to nerve-derived substances such as acetylcholine and purines. Here, we provide genetic evidence that activity-induced calcium accumulation in neonatal TPSCs is mediated exclusively by one subtype of metabotropic purinergic receptor. In P2ry1 mutant mice lacking these responses, postsynaptic, rather than presynaptic, function was altered in response to nerve stimulation. This impairment was correlated with a greater susceptibility to activity-induced muscle fatigue. Interestingly, fatigue in P2ry1 mutants was more greatly exacerbated by exposure to high potassium than in control mice. High potassium itself increased cytosolic levels of calcium in TPSCs, a response which was also reduced P2ry1 mutants. These results suggest that activity-induced calcium responses in TPSCs regulate postsynaptic function and muscle fatigue by regulating perisynaptic potassium. A muscle that contracts over and over again will become tired. This can sometimes occur after vigorous exercise, but abnormal muscle fatigue is also a feature of various clinical disorders. These include conditions that affect muscles directly, such as muscular dystrophy, as well as disorders of the motor nerves that control muscles, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Nerves make contact with muscles at specialized sites called neuromuscular junctions. Failing to send the correct signals to the muscles at these junctions can lead to muscle fatigue. Studies to date have focused on the role of nerve cells and muscle cells in these communication failures. But there is also a third cell type present at the neuromuscular junction, known as the terminal/perisynaptic Schwann cell (TPSC). Stimulating motor nerves in a way that produces muscle fatigue also activates TPSCs. To investigate whether TPSCs contribute to or counteract muscle fatigue, Heredia et al. studied the responses of these cells at the neuromuscular junctions of young mice. Stimulating motor nerves caused TPSCs to release calcium ions from their internal calcium stores. However, this did not occur in mice that lacked a protein called the P2Y1 receptor. In normal mice, activating the P2Y1 receptor directly also made the TPSCs release calcium. This calcium release in turn prompted the TPSCs to take up potassium ions. Nerve and muscle cells release potassium during intense activity, and removal of potassium by TPSCs helped to prevent muscle fatigue. Therapeutic strategies that make TPSCs release more of their internal calcium stores – and thus increase their potassium uptake – could help ease muscle fatigue. A valuable first step would be to use drugs and genetic techniques to show this effect in mice. The results could then guide the development of corresponding strategies in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dante J Heredia
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, United States
| | - Cheng-Yuan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, United States
| | - Grant W Hennig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, United States
| | - Robert B Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, United States
| | - Thomas W Gould
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Specific inhibition of acetylcholinesterase as an approach to decrease muscarinic side effects during myasthenia gravis treatment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:304. [PMID: 29321572 PMCID: PMC5762639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-selective inhibitors of cholinesterases (ChEs) are clinically used for treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG). While being generally safe, they cause numerous adverse effects including induction of hyperactivity of urinary bladder and intestines affecting quality of patients life. In this study we have compared two ChEs inhibitors, a newly synthesized compound C547 and clinically used pyridostigmine bromide, by their efficiency to reduce muscle weakness symptoms and ability to activate contractions of urinary bladder in a rat model of autoimmune MG. We found that at dose effectively reducing MG symptoms, C547 did not affect activity of rat urinary bladder. In contrast, at equipotent dose, pyridostigmine caused a significant increase in tonus and force of spontaneous contractions of bladder wall. We also found that this profile of ChEs inhibitors translates into the preparation of human urinary bladder. The difference in action observed for C547 and pyridostigmine we attribute to a high level of pharmacological selectivity of C547 in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase as compared to butyrylcholinesterase. These results raise reasonable hope that selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors should show efficacy in treating MG in human patients with a significant reduction in adverse effects related to hyperactivation of smooth muscles.
Collapse
|
40
|
Campanari ML, García-Ayllón MS, Ciura S, Sáez-Valero J, Kabashi E. Neuromuscular Junction Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Reassessing the Role of Acetylcholinesterase. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:160. [PMID: 28082868 PMCID: PMC5187284 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a highly debilitating disease caused by progressive degeneration of motorneurons (MNs). Due to the wide variety of genes and mutations identified in ALS, a highly varied etiology could ultimately converge to produce similar clinical symptoms. A major hypothesis in ALS research is the “distal axonopathy” with pathological changes occurring at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), at very early stages of the disease, prior to MNs degeneration and onset of clinical symptoms. The NMJ is a highly specialized cholinergic synapse, allowing signaling between muscle and nerve necessary for skeletal muscle function. This nerve-muscle contact is characterized by the clustering of the collagen-tailed form of acetylcholinesterase (ColQ-AChE), together with other components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and specific key molecules in the NMJ formation. Interestingly, in addition to their cholinergic role AChE is thought to play several “non-classical” roles that do not require catalytic function, most prominent among these is the facilitation of neurite growth, NMJ formation and survival. In all this context, abnormalities of AChE content have been found in plasma of ALS patients, in which AChE changes may reflect the neuromuscular disruption. We review these findings and particularly the evidences of changes of AChE at neuromuscular synapse in the pre-symptomatic stages of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Letizia Campanari
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université de Paris 06, Unité Mixte 75, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM) Paris, France
| | - María-Salud García-Ayllón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'AlacantSpain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIOElche, Spain
| | - Sorana Ciura
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université de Paris 06, Unité Mixte 75, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM) Paris, France
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'AlacantSpain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université de Paris 06, Unité Mixte 75, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM) Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Samigullin DV, Khaziev EF, Zhilyakov NV, Sudakov IA, Bukharaeva EA, Nikolsky EE. Calcium Transient Registration in Response to Single Stimulation and During Train of Pulses in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Bauché S, O'Regan S, Azuma Y, Laffargue F, McMacken G, Sternberg D, Brochier G, Buon C, Bouzidi N, Topf A, Lacène E, Remerand G, Beaufrere AM, Pebrel-Richard C, Thevenon J, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Faivre L, Duffourd Y, Ricci F, Mongini T, Fiorillo C, Astrea G, Burloiu CM, Butoianu N, Sandu C, Servais L, Bonne G, Nelson I, Desguerre I, Nougues MC, Bœuf B, Romero N, Laporte J, Boland A, Lechner D, Deleuze JF, Fontaine B, Strochlic L, Lochmuller H, Eymard B, Mayer M, Nicole S. Impaired Presynaptic High-Affinity Choline Transporter Causes a Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome with Episodic Apnea. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:753-761. [PMID: 27569547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is one of the best-studied cholinergic synapses. Inherited defects of peripheral neurotransmission result in congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare diseases with fluctuating fatigable muscle weakness as the clinical hallmark. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing in six unrelated families identified compound heterozygous and homozygous mutations in SLC5A7 encoding the presynaptic sodium-dependent high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT), which is known to be mutated in one dominant form of distal motor neuronopathy (DHMN7A). We identified 11 recessive mutations in SLC5A7 that were associated with a spectrum of severe muscle weakness ranging from a lethal antenatal form of arthrogryposis and severe hypotonia to a neonatal form of CMS with episodic apnea and a favorable prognosis when well managed at the clinical level. As expected given the critical role of CHT for multisystemic cholinergic neurotransmission, autonomic dysfunctions were reported in the antenatal form and cognitive impairment was noticed in half of the persons with the neonatal form. The missense mutations induced a near complete loss of function of CHT activity in cell models. At the human NMJ, a delay in synaptic maturation and an altered maintenance were observed in the antenatal and neonatal forms, respectively. Increased synaptic expression of butyrylcholinesterase was also observed, exposing the dysfunction of cholinergic metabolism when CHT is deficient in vivo. This work broadens the clinical spectrum of human diseases resulting from reduced CHT activity and highlights the complexity of cholinergic metabolism at the synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bauché
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Seana O'Regan
- Membrane transport group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR8250, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Paris Descartes University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yoshiteru Azuma
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Fanny Laffargue
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de référence Auvergne-Limousin, Neuropathies Périphériques Rares et Maladies Neuromusculaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Grace McMacken
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Damien Sternberg
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Guy Brochier
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Unité de pathologies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMRS 974, Inserm U974, CNRS UMR 7215, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Céline Buon
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nassima Bouzidi
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ana Topf
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Lacène
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Unité de pathologies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMRS 974, Inserm U974, CNRS UMR 7215, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ganaelle Remerand
- Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Beaufrere
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Pebrel-Richard
- Service de Cytogénétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France; Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh-Djebbar
- Service de génétique médicale, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France; Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Federica Ricci
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, and Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, and Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56018 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guja Astrea
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56018 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Niculina Butoianu
- Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital, sos Berceni 10-12, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Sandu
- Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital, sos Berceni 10-12, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurent Servais
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, Myology Institute, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, Myology Institute, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Nelson
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, Myology Institute, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires de l'Ouest Parisien, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Nougues
- Neuropédiatrie et Unité d'électrophysiologie clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires de l'EST parisien et DHU I2B, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Bœuf
- Service de réanimation néonatale et pédiatrique Hôpital Estaing CHU de Clermont Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Norma Romero
- Unité de pathologies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMRS 974, Inserm U974, CNRS UMR 7215, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Departement Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), 91057 Evry, France
| | - Doris Lechner
- Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), 91057 Evry, France
| | | | - Bertrand Fontaine
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laure Strochlic
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hanns Lochmuller
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Bruno Eymard
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, Myology Institute, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Mayer
- Neuropédiatrie et Unité d'électrophysiologie clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires de l'EST parisien et DHU I2B, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nicole
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Huey R, Hawthorne S, McCarron P. The potential use of rabies virus glycoprotein-derived peptides to facilitate drug delivery into the central nervous system: a mini review. J Drug Target 2016; 25:379-385. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1223676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Huey
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Paul McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Strelnik AD, Petukhov AS, Zueva IV, Zobov VV, Petrov KA, Nikolsky EE, Balakin KV, Bachurin SO, Shtyrlin YG. Novel potent pyridoxine-based inhibitors of AChE and BChE, structural analogs of pyridostigmine, with improved in vivo safety profile. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4092-4. [PMID: 27377327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel class of carbamate-type ChE inhibitors, structural analogs of pyridostigmine. A small library of congeneric pyridoxine-based compounds was designed, synthesized and evaluated for AChE and BChE enzymes inhibition in vitro. The most active compounds have potent enzyme inhibiting activity with IC50 values in the range of 0.46-2.1μM (for AChE) and 0.59-8.1μM (for BChE), with moderate selectivity for AChE comparable with that of pyridostigmine and neostigmine. Acute toxicity studies using mice models demonstrated excellent safety profile of the obtained compounds with LD50 in the range of 22-326mg/kg, while pyridostigmine and neostigmine are much more toxic (LD50 3.3 and 0.51mg/kg, respectively). The obtained results pave the way to design of novel potent and safe cholinesterase inhibitors for symptomatic treatment of neuromuscular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey D Strelnik
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexey S Petukhov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina V Zueva
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; KazSC, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzova 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Zobov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; KazSC, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzova 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; KazSC, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzova 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny E Nikolsky
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lobachevsky St. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Balakin
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnyi pr. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Reg. 142432, Russia
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnyi pr. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Reg. 142432, Russia
| | - Yurii G Shtyrlin
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Slow-binding inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by an alkylammonium derivative of 6-methyluracil: mechanism and possible advantages for myasthenia gravis treatment. Biochem J 2016; 473:1225-36. [PMID: 26929400 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of human AChE (acetylcholinesterase) and BChE (butyrylcholinesterase) by an alkylammonium derivative of 6-methyluracil, C-547, a potential drug for the treatment of MG (myasthenia gravis) was studied. Kinetic analysis of AChE inhibition showed that C-547 is a slow-binding inhibitor of type B, i.e. after formation of the initial enzyme·inhibitor complex (Ki=140 pM), an induced-fit step allows establishment of the final complex (Ki*=22 pM). The estimated koff is low, 0.05 min(-1) On the other hand, reversible inhibition of human BChE is a fast-binding process of mixed-type (Ki=1.77 μM; Ki'=3.17 μM). The crystal structure of mouse AChE complexed with C-547 was solved at 3.13 Å resolution. The complex is stabilized by cation-π, stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations of the binding/dissociation processes of C-547 and C-35 (a non-charged analogue) to mouse and human AChEs were performed. Molecular modelling on mouse and human AChE showed that the slow step results from an enzyme conformational change that allows C-547 to cross the bottleneck in the active-site gorge, followed by formation of tight complex, as observed in the crystal structure. In contrast, the related non-charged compound C-35 is not a slow-binding inhibitor. It does not cross the bottleneck because it is not sensitive to the electrostatic driving force to reach the bottom of the gorge. Thus C-547 is one of the most potent and selective reversible inhibitors of AChE with a long residence time, τ=20 min, longer than for other reversible inhibitors used in the treatment of MG. This makes C-547 a promising drug for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chao S, Krejci E, Bernard V, Leroy J, Jean L, Renard PY. A selective and sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probe for acetylcholinesterase imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11599-602. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HupNIR2 is the first NIR fluorescent probe for acetylcholinesterase imaging in tissues. This probe penetrates easily and deeply into the tissue, and directly labels AChE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sovy Chao
- Normandie Univ
- UNIROUEN
- INSA Rouen
- CNRS
- COBRA (UMR 6014)
| | - Eric Krejci
- Université Paris Descartes
- CNRS
- IRBA
- COGNAC G (UMR 8257)
- 45 rue des Saints Pères
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Neuroscience Paris Seine
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie UM 119 CNRS UMR 8246 – INSERM U1130 9 quai Saint Bernard
- Paris
- France
| | - Jacqueline Leroy
- Université Paris Descartes
- CNRS
- IRBA
- COGNAC G (UMR 8257)
- 45 rue des Saints Pères
| | - Ludovic Jean
- Normandie Univ
- UNIROUEN
- INSA Rouen
- CNRS
- COBRA (UMR 6014)
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Peng H, Brimijoin S, Hrabovska A, Krejci E, Blake TA, Johnson RC, Masson P, Lockridge O. Monoclonal antibodies to human butyrylcholinesterase reactive with butyrylcholinesterase in animal plasma. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 243:82-90. [PMID: 26585590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Five mouse anti-human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) monoclonal antibodies bind tightly to native human BChE with nanomolar dissociation constants. Pairing analysis in the Octet system identified the monoclonal antibodies that bind to overlapping and independent epitopes on human BChE. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 4 monoclonal antibodies are deposited in GenBank. Our goal was to determine which of the 5 monoclonal antibodies recognize BChE in the plasma of animals. Binding of monoclonal antibodies 11D8, B2 18-5, B2 12-1, mAb2 and 3E8 to BChE in animal plasma was measured using antibody immobilized on Pansorbin cells and on Dynabeads Protein G. A third method visualized binding by the shift of BChE activity bands on nondenaturing gels stained for BChE activity. Gels were counterstained for carboxylesterase activity. The three methods agreed that B2 18-5 and mAb2 have broad species specificity, but the other monoclonal antibodies interacted only with human BChE, the exception being 3E8, which also bound chicken BChE. B2 18-5 and mAb2 recognized BChE in human, rhesus monkey, horse, cat, and tiger plasma. A weak response was found with rabbit BChE. Monoclonal mAb2, but not B2 18-5, bound pig and bovine BChE. Gels stained for carboxylesterase activity confirmed that plasma from humans, monkey, pig, chicken, and cow does not contain carboxylesterase, but plasma from horse, cat, tiger, rabbit, guinea pig, mouse, and rat has carboxylesterase. Rabbit plasma carboxylesterase hydrolyzes butyrylthiocholine. In conclusion monoclonal antibodies B2 18-5 and mAb2 can be used to immuno extract BChE from the plasma of humans, monkey and other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Stephen Brimijoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Anna Hrabovska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Eric Krejci
- Université Paris Descartes CNRS SSA COGNAC G UMR 8257 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Thomas A Blake
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Rudolph C Johnson
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Patrick Masson
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Oksana Lockridge
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hennig GW, Gould TW, Koh SD, Corrigan RD, Heredia DJ, Shonnard MC, Smith TK. Use of Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators (GECIs) Combined with Advanced Motion Tracking Techniques to Examine the Behavior of Neurons and Glia in the Enteric Nervous System of the Intact Murine Colon. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:436. [PMID: 26617487 PMCID: PMC4639702 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) have been used extensively in many body systems to detect Ca2+ transients associated with neuronal activity. Their adoption in enteric neurobiology has been slower, although they offer many advantages in terms of selectivity, signal-to-noise and non-invasiveness. Our aims were to utilize a number of cell-specific promoters to express the Ca2+ indicator GCaMP3 in different classes of neurons and glia to determine their effectiveness in measuring activity in enteric neural networks during colonic motor behaviors. We bred several GCaMP3 mice: (1) Wnt1-GCaMP3, all enteric neurons and glia; (2) GFAP-GCaMP3, enteric glia; (3) nNOS-GaMP3, enteric nitrergic neurons; and (4) ChAT-GCaMP3, enteric cholinergic neurons. These mice allowed us to study the behavior of the enteric neurons in the intact colon maintained at a physiological temperature, especially during the colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC), using low power Ca2+ imaging. In this preliminary study, we observed neuronal and glial cell Ca2+ transients in specific cells in both the myenteric and submucous plexus in all of the transgenic mice variants. The number of cells that could be simultaneously imaged at low power (100–1000 active cells) through the undissected gut required advanced motion tracking and analysis routines. The pattern of Ca2+ transients in myenteric neurons showed significant differences in response to spontaneous, oral or anal stimulation. Brief anal elongation or mucosal stimulation, which evokes a CMMC, were the most effective stimuli and elicited a powerful synchronized and prolonged burst of Ca2+ transients in many myenteric neurons, especially when compared with the same neurons during a spontaneous CMMC. In contrast, oral elongation, which normally inhibits CMMCs, appeared to suppress Ca2+ transients in some of the neurons active during a spontaneous or an anally evoked CMMC. The activity in glial networks appeared to follow neural activity but continued long after neural activity had waned. With these new tools an unprecedented level of detail can be recorded from the enteric nervous system (ENS) with minimal manipulation of tissue. These techniques can be extended in order to better understand the roles of particular enteric neurons and glia during normal and disordered motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant W Hennig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno, NV, USA
| | - Thomas W Gould
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno, NV, USA
| | - Sang Don Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno, NV, USA
| | - Robert D Corrigan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno, NV, USA
| | - Dante J Heredia
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno, NV, USA
| | - Matthew C Shonnard
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno, NV, USA
| | - Terence K Smith
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|