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Manchanda Y, ElEid L, Oqua AI, Ramchunder Z, Choi J, Shchepinova MM, Rutter GA, Inoue A, Tate EW, Jones B, Tomas A. Engineered mini-G proteins block the internalization of cognate GPCRs and disrupt downstream intracellular signaling. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eabq7038. [PMID: 38954638 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abq7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mini-G proteins are engineered, thermostable variants of Gα subunits designed to stabilize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in their active conformations. Because of their small size and ease of use, they are popular tools for assessing GPCR behaviors in cells, both as reporters of receptor coupling to Gα subtypes and for cellular assays to quantify compartmentalized signaling at various subcellular locations. Here, we report that overexpression of mini-G proteins with their cognate GPCRs disrupted GPCR endocytic trafficking and associated intracellular signaling. In cells expressing the Gαs-coupled GPCR glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), coexpression of mini-Gs, a mini-G protein derived from Gαs, blocked β-arrestin 2 recruitment and receptor internalization and disrupted endosomal GLP-1R signaling. These effects did not involve changes in receptor phosphorylation or lipid nanodomain segregation. Moreover, we found that mini-G proteins derived from Gαi and Gαq also inhibited the internalization of GPCRs that couple to them. Finally, we developed an alternative intracellular signaling assay for GLP-1R using a nanobody specific for active Gαs:GPCR complexes (Nb37) that did not affect GLP-1R internalization. Our results have important implications for designing methods to assess intracellular GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusman Manchanda
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liliane ElEid
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Affiong I Oqua
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zenouska Ramchunder
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jiyoon Choi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria M Shchepinova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CR-CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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2
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Wang SY, Xia ZX, Yang SW, Chen WK, Zhao YL, Li MD, Tian D, Pan Y, Lin XS, Zhu XQ, Huang Z, Liu JM, Lai ZM, Tao WC, Shen ZC. Regulation of depressive-like behaviours by palmitoylation: Role of AKAP150 in the basolateral amygdala. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1897-1915. [PMID: 38413375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protein palmitoylation is involved in learning and memory, and in emotional disorders. Yet, the underlying mechanisms in these processes remain unclear. Herein, we describe that A-kinase anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150) is essential and sufficient for depressive-like behaviours in mice via a palmitoylation-dependent mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Depressive-like behaviours in mice were induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Palmitoylated proteins in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) were assessed by an acyl-biotin exchange assay. Genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to investigate the role of the DHHC2-mediated AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway in depressive-like behaviours. Electrophysiological recording, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to define the mechanistic pathway. KEY RESULTS Chronic stress successfully induced depressive-like behaviours in mice and enhanced AKAP150 palmitoylation in the BLA, and a palmitoylation inhibitor was enough to reverse these changes. Blocking the AKAP150-PKA interaction with the peptide Ht-31 abolished the CRS-induced AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway. DHHC2 expression and palmitoylation levels were both increased after chronic stress. DHHC2 knockdown prevented CRS-induced depressive-like behaviours, as well as attenuating AKAP150 signalling and synaptic transmission in the BLA in CRS-treated mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results delineate that DHHC2 modulates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviours and synaptic transmission in the BLA via the AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway, and this pathway may be considered as a promising novel therapeutic target for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shao-Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Kai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Die Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Meng Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wu-Cheng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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3
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S Mesquita F, Abrami L, Linder ME, Bamji SX, Dickinson BC, van der Goot FG. Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:488-509. [PMID: 38355760 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, protein S-acylation (often referred to as S-palmitoylation) has emerged as an important regulator of vital signalling pathways. S-Acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of a fatty acid to a protein. Maintenance of the equilibrium between protein S-acylation and deacylation has demonstrated profound effects on various cellular processes, including innate immunity, inflammation, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism, as well as on brain and heart function. This Review provides an overview of current understanding of S-acylation and deacylation enzymes, their spatiotemporal regulation by sophisticated multilayered mechanisms, and their influence on protein function, cellular processes and physiological pathways. Furthermore, we examine how disruptions in protein S-acylation are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases from cancer to autoinflammatory disorders and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S Mesquita
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurine E Linder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Koster KP, Fyke Z, Nguyen TTA, Niqula A, Noriega-González LY, Woolfrey KM, Dell’Acqua ML, Cologna SM, Yoshii A. Akap5 links synaptic dysfunction to neuroinflammatory signaling in a mouse model of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2024; 16:1384625. [PMID: 38798824 PMCID: PMC11116793 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2024.1384625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation and depalmitoylation represent dichotomic processes by which a labile posttranslational lipid modification regulates protein trafficking and degradation. The depalmitoylating enzyme, palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), is associated with the devastating pediatric neurodegenerative condition, infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN1). CLN1 is characterized by the accumulation of autofluorescent lysosomal storage material (AFSM) in neurons and robust neuroinflammation. Converging lines of evidence suggest that in addition to cellular waste accumulation, the symptomology of CLN1 corresponds with disruption of synaptic processes. Indeed, loss of Ppt1 function in cortical neurons dysregulates the synaptic incorporation of the GluA1 AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit during a type of synaptic plasticity called synaptic scaling. However, the mechanisms causing this aberration are unknown. Here, we used the Ppt1-/- mouse model (both sexes) to further investigate how Ppt1 regulates synaptic plasticity and how its disruption affects downstream signaling pathways. To this end, we performed a palmitoyl-proteomic screen, which provoked the discovery that Akap5 is excessively palmitoylated at Ppt1-/- synapses. Extending our previous data, in vivo induction of synaptic scaling, which is regulated by Akap5, caused an excessive upregulation of GluA1 in Ppt1-/- mice. This synaptic change was associated with exacerbated disease pathology. Furthermore, the Akap5- and inflammation-associated transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), was sensitized in Ppt1-/- cortical neurons. Suppressing the upstream regulator of NFAT activation, calcineurin, with the FDA-approved therapeutic FK506 (Tacrolimus) modestly improved neuroinflammation in Ppt1-/- mice. These findings indicate that the absence of depalmitoylation stifles synaptic protein trafficking and contributes to neuroinflammation via an Akap5-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zach Fyke
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thu T. A. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amanda Niqula
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Kevin M. Woolfrey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mark L. Dell’Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie M. Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Akira Yoshii
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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Koster KP, Flores-Barrera E, Artur de la Villarmois E, Caballero A, Tseng KY, Yoshii A. Loss of Depalmitoylation Disrupts Homeostatic Plasticity of AMPARs in a Mouse Model of Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8317-8335. [PMID: 37884348 PMCID: PMC10711723 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1113-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is the only reversible post-translational lipid modification. Palmitoylation is held in delicate balance by depalmitoylation to precisely regulate protein turnover. While over 20 palmitoylation enzymes are known, depalmitoylation is conducted by fewer enzymes. Of particular interest is the lack of the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) that causes the devastating pediatric neurodegenerative condition infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN1). While most of the research on Ppt1 function has centered on its role in the lysosome, recent findings demonstrated that many Ppt1 substrates are synaptic proteins, including the AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1. Still, the impact of Ppt1-mediated depalmitoylation on synaptic transmission and plasticity remains elusive. Thus, the goal of the present study was to use the Ppt1 -/- mouse model (both sexes) to determine whether Ppt1 regulates AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity, which are crucial for the maintenance of homeostatic adaptations in cortical circuits. Here, we found that basal excitatory transmission in the Ppt1 -/- visual cortex is developmentally regulated and that chemogenetic silencing of the Ppt1 -/- visual cortex excessively enhanced the synaptic expression of GluA1. Furthermore, triggering homeostatic plasticity in Ppt1 -/- primary neurons caused an exaggerated incorporation of GluA1-containing, calcium-permeable AMPARs, which correlated with increased GluA1 palmitoylation. Finally, Ca2+ imaging in awake Ppt1 -/- mice showed visual cortical neurons favor a state of synchronous firing. Collectively, our results elucidate a crucial role for Ppt1 in AMPAR trafficking and show that impeded proteostasis of palmitoylated synaptic proteins drives maladaptive homeostatic plasticity and abnormal recruitment of cortical activity in CLN1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal communication is orchestrated by the movement of receptors to and from the synaptic membrane. Protein palmitoylation is the only reversible post-translational lipid modification, a process that must be balanced precisely by depalmitoylation. The significance of depalmitoylation is evidenced by the discovery that mutation of the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (Ppt1) causes severe pediatric neurodegeneration. In this study, we found that the equilibrium provided by Ppt1-mediated depalmitoylation is critical for AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated plasticity and associated homeostatic adaptations of synaptic transmission in cortical circuits. This finding complements the recent explosion of palmitoylation research by emphasizing the necessity of balanced depalmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Eden Flores-Barrera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | | | - Adriana Caballero
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Akira Yoshii
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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6
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Li MD, Wang L, Zheng YQ, Huang DH, Xia ZX, Liu JM, Tian D, OuYang H, Wang ZH, Huang Z, Lin XS, Zhu XQ, Wang SY, Chen WK, Yang SW, Zhao YL, Liu JA, Shen ZC. DHHC2 regulates fear memory formation, LTP, and AKAP150 signaling in the hippocampus. iScience 2023; 26:107561. [PMID: 37664599 PMCID: PMC10469764 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) have been suggested to be involved in learning and memory. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found that the activity of DHHC2 was upregulated in the hippocampus after fear conditioning, and DHHC2 knockdown impaired fear induced memory and long-term potentiation (LTP). Additionally, the activity of DHHC2 and its synaptic expression were increased after high frequency stimulation (HFS) or glycine treatment. Importantly, fear learning selectively augmented the palmitoylation level of AKAP150, not PSD-95, and this effect was abolished by DHHC2 knockdown. Furthermore, 2-bromopalmitic acid (2-BP), a palmitoylation inhibitor, attenuated the increased palmitoylation level of AKAP150 and the interaction between AKAP150 and PSD-95 induced by HFS. Lastly, DHHC2 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation level of GluA1 at Ser845, and also induced an impairment of LTP in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that DHHC2 plays a critical role in regulating fear memory via AKAP150 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Die Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Province, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Dan-Hong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hui OuYang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zi-Hao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Si-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei-Kai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shao-Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yue-Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jia-An Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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7
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He Q, Qu M, Shen T, Su J, Xu Y, Xu C, Barkat MQ, Cai J, Zhu H, Zeng LH, Wu X. Control of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes by protein S-palmitoylation: Novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101920. [PMID: 37004843 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic coupling structures between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As a new subcellular structure, MAMs combine the two critical organelle functions. Mitochondria and the ER could regulate each other via MAMs. MAMs are involved in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, autophagy, ER stress, lipid metabolism, etc. Researchers have found that MAMs are closely related to metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The formation of MAMs and their functions depend on specific proteins. Numerous protein enrichments, such as the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC complex, constitute MAMs. The changes in these proteins govern the interaction between mitochondria and the ER; they also affect the biological functions of MAMs. S-palmitoylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) that mainly occurs on protein cysteine residues. More and more studies have shown that the S-palmitoylation of proteins is closely related to their membrane localization. Here, we first briefly describe the composition and function of MAMs, reviewing the component and biological roles of MAMs mediated by S-palmitoylation, elaborating on S-palmitoylated proteins in Ca2+ flux, lipid rafts, and so on. We try to provide new insight into the molecular basis of MAMs-related diseases, mainly NDs. Finally, we propose potential drug compounds targeting S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Yana Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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8
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Abazari D, Wild AR, Qiu T, Dickinson BC, Bamji SX. Activity-dependent post-translational regulation of palmitoylating and depalmitoylating enzymes in the hippocampus. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260629. [PMID: 37039765 PMCID: PMC10113885 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-induced changes in protein palmitoylation can regulate the plasticity of synaptic connections, critically impacting learning and memory. Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification regulated by both palmitoyl-acyl transferases that mediate palmitoylation and palmitoyl thioesterases that depalmitoylate proteins. However, it is not clear how fluctuations in synaptic activity can mediate the dynamic palmitoylation of neuronal proteins. Using primary hippocampal cultures, we demonstrate that synaptic activity does not impact the transcription of palmitoylating and depalmitoylating enzymes, changes in thioesterase activity, or post-translational modification of the depalmitoylating enzymes of the ABHD17 family and APT2 (also known as LYPLA2). In contrast, synaptic activity does mediate post-translational modification of the palmitoylating enzymes ZDHHC2, ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC9 (but not ZDHHC8) to influence protein-protein interactions, enzyme stability and enzyme function. Post-translational modifications of the ZDHHC enzymes were also observed in the hippocampus following fear conditioning. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that signaling events activated by synaptic activity largely impact activity of the ZDHHC family of palmitoyl-acyl transferases with less influence on the activity of palmitoyl thioesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya Abazari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Angela R. Wild
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Shernaz X. Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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9
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Vaughen JP, Theisen E, Clandinin TR. From seconds to days: Neural plasticity viewed through a lipid lens. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102702. [PMID: 36965206 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Many adult neurons are dynamically remodeled across timescales ranging from the rapid addition and removal of specific synaptic connections, to largescale structural plasticity events that reconfigure circuits over hours, days, and months. Membrane lipids, including brain-enriched sphingolipids, play crucial roles in these processes. In this review, we summarize progress at the intersection of neuronal activity, lipids, and structural remodeling. We highlight how brain activity modulates lipid metabolism to enable adaptive structural plasticity, and showcase glia as key players in membrane remodeling. These studies reveal that lipids act as critical signaling molecules that instruct the dynamic architecture of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Vaughen
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States. https://twitter.com/gliaful
| | - Emma Theisen
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States. https://twitter.com/emmaktheisen
| | - Thomas R Clandinin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
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10
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Buszka A, Pytyś A, Colvin D, Włodarczyk J, Wójtowicz T. S-Palmitoylation of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal Plasticity in Normal and Pathological Brains. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030387. [PMID: 36766729 PMCID: PMC9913408 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lipidation is a common post-translational modification of proteins that plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. One form of protein lipidation, S-palmitoylation, involves the addition of a 16-carbon fatty acid (palmitate) onto proteins. This reversible modification may affect the regulation of protein trafficking and stability in membranes. From multiple recent experimental studies, a picture emerges whereby protein S-palmitoylation is a ubiquitous yet discrete molecular switch enabling the expansion of protein functions and subcellular localization in minutes to hours. Neural tissue is particularly rich in proteins that are regulated by S-palmitoylation. A surge of novel methods of detection of protein lipidation at high resolution allowed us to get better insights into the roles of protein palmitoylation in brain physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we specifically discuss experimental work devoted to understanding the impact of protein palmitoylation on functional changes in the excitatory and inhibitory synapses associated with neuronal activity and neuronal plasticity. The accumulated evidence also implies a crucial role of S-palmitoylation in learning and memory, and brain disorders associated with impaired cognitive functions.
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11
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Nasseri GG, Matin N, Wild AR, Tosefsky K, Flibotte S, Stacey RG, Hollman RB, Foster LJ, Bamji SX. Synaptic activity-dependent changes in the hippocampal palmitoylome. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eadd2519. [PMID: 36473050 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic protein S-palmitoylation is critical for neuronal function, development, and synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity-dependent changes in palmitoylation have been reported for a small number of proteins. Here, we characterized the palmitoylome in the hippocampi of male mice before and after context-dependent fear conditioning. Of the 121 differentially palmitoylated proteins identified, just over half were synaptic proteins, whereas others were associated with metabolic functions, cytoskeletal organization, and signal transduction. The synapse-associated proteins generally exhibited increased palmitoylation after fear conditioning. In contrast, most of the proteins that exhibited decreased palmitoylation were associated with metabolic processes. Similar results were seen in cultured rat hippocampal neurons in response to chemically induced long-term potentiation. Furthermore, we found that the palmitoylation of one of the synaptic proteins, plasticity-related gene-1 (PRG-1), also known as lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 4 (LPPR4), was important for synaptic activity-induced insertion of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) into the postsynaptic membrane. The findings identify proteins whose dynamic palmitoylation may regulate their role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glory G Nasseri
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nusrat Matin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Angela R Wild
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kira Tosefsky
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- Life Sciences Institute Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - R Greg Stacey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rocio B Hollman
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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12
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Chen X, Crosby KC, Feng A, Purkey AM, Aronova MA, Winters CA, Crocker VT, Leapman RD, Reese TS, Dell’Acqua ML. Palmitoylation of A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 modulates its nanoscale organization, trafficking, and mobility in postsynaptic spines. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:1004154. [PMID: 36186623 PMCID: PMC9521714 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1004154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring protein 79-human/150-rodent (AKAP79/150) organizes signaling proteins to control synaptic plasticity. AKAP79/150 associates with the plasma membrane and endosomes through its N-terminal domain that contains three polybasic regions and two Cys residues that are reversibly palmitoylated. Mutations abolishing palmitoylation (AKAP79/150 CS) reduce its endosomal localization and association with the postsynaptic density (PSD). Here we combined advanced light and electron microscopy (EM) to characterize the effects of AKAP79/150 palmitoylation on its postsynaptic nanoscale organization, trafficking, and mobility in hippocampal neurons. Immunogold EM revealed prominent extrasynaptic membrane AKAP150 labeling with less labeling at the PSD. The label was at greater distances from the spine membrane for AKAP150 CS than WT in the PSD but not in extra-synaptic locations. Immunogold EM of GFP-tagged AKAP79 WT showed that AKAP79 adopts a vertical, extended conformation at the PSD with its N-terminus at the membrane, in contrast to extrasynaptic locations where it adopts a compact or open configurations of its N- and C-termini with parallel orientation to the membrane. In contrast, GFP-tagged AKAP79 CS was displaced from the PSD coincident with disruption of its vertical orientation, while proximity and orientation with respect to the extra-synaptic membrane was less impacted. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) revealed a heterogeneous distribution of AKAP150 with distinct high-density, nano-scale regions (HDRs) overlapping the PSD but more prominently located in the extrasynaptic membrane for WT and the CS mutant. Thick section scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography revealed AKAP150 immunogold clusters similar in size to HDRs seen by SMLM and more AKAP150 labeled endosomes in spines for WT than for CS, consistent with the requirement for AKAP palmitoylation in endosomal trafficking. Hidden Markov modeling of single molecule tracking data revealed a bound/immobile fraction and two mobile fractions for AKAP79 in spines, with the CS mutant having shorter dwell times and faster transition rates between states than WT, suggesting that palmitoylation stabilizes individual AKAP molecules in various spine subpopulations. These data demonstrate that palmitoylation fine tunes the nanoscale localization, mobility, and trafficking of AKAP79/150 in dendritic spines, which might have profound effects on its regulation of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiaobing Chen,
| | - Kevin C. Crosby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Austin Feng
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alicia M. Purkey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Maria A. Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christine A. Winters
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Virginia T. Crocker
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Richard D. Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas S. Reese
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark L. Dell’Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Mark L. Dell’Acqua,
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13
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Development of a novel high-throughput screen for the identification of new inhibitors of protein S-acylation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102469. [PMID: 36087837 PMCID: PMC9558053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that modulates the localization and function of many cellular proteins. S-acylation is mediated by a family of zinc finger DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) domain–containing (zDHHC) proteins encoded by 23 distinct ZDHHC genes in the human genome. These enzymes catalyze S-acylation in a two-step process involving “autoacylation” of the cysteine residue in the catalytic DHHC motif followed by transfer of the acyl chain to a substrate cysteine. S-acylation is essential for many fundamental physiological processes, and there is growing interest in zDHHC enzymes as novel drug targets for a range of disorders. However, there is currently a lack of chemical modulators of S-acylation either for use as tool compounds or for potential development for therapeutic purposes. Here, we developed and implemented a novel FRET-based high-throughput assay for the discovery of compounds that interfere with autoacylation of zDHHC2, an enzyme that is implicated in neuronal S-acylation pathways. Our screen of >350,000 compounds identified two related tetrazole-containing compounds (TTZ-1 and TTZ-2) that inhibited both zDHHC2 autoacylation and substrate S-acylation in cell-free systems. These compounds were also active in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, where they inhibited the S-acylation of two substrates (SNAP25 and PSD95 [postsynaptic density protein 95]) mediated by different zDHHC enzymes, with some apparent isoform selectivity. Furthermore, we confirmed activity of the hit compounds through resynthesis, which provided sufficient quantities of material for further investigations. The assays developed provide novel strategies to screen for zDHHC inhibitors, and the identified compounds add to the chemical toolbox for interrogating cellular activities of zDHHC enzymes in S-acylation.
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14
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Seo J, Hwang H, Choi Y, Jung S, Hong JH, Yoon BJ, Rhim H, Park M. Myristoylation-dependent palmitoylation of cyclin Y modulates long-term potentiation and spatial learning. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 218:102349. [PMID: 36030931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many psychiatric disorders accompany deficits in cognitive functions and synaptic plasticity, and abnormal lipid modifications of neuronal proteins are associated with their pathophysiology. Lipid modifications, including palmitoylation and myristoylation, play crucial roles in the subcellular localization and trafficking of proteins. Cyclin Y (CCNY), enriched in the postsynaptic compartment, acts as an inhibitory modulator of functional and structural long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal neurons. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CCNY-mediated inhibitory functions in the synapse remain largely unknown. Here, we report that myristoylation located CCNY to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and subsequent palmitoylation directed the myristoylated CCNY from the TGN to the synaptic cell surface. This myristoylation-dependent palmitoylation of CCNY was required for the inhibitory role of CCNY in excitatory synaptic transmission, activity-induced dynamics of AMPA receptors and PSD-95, LTP, and spatial learning. Furthermore, spatial learning significantly reduced palmitoyl- and myristoyl-CCNY levels, indicating that spatial learning lowers the synaptic abundance of CCNY. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how CCNY is clustered adjacent to postsynaptic sites where it could play its inhibitory roles in synaptic plasticity and spatial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Seo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Jung
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Hong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Bong-June Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
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15
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Westra M, Gutierrez Y, MacGillavry HD. Contribution of Membrane Lipids to Postsynaptic Protein Organization. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:790773. [PMID: 34887741 PMCID: PMC8649999 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.790773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise subsynaptic organization of proteins at the postsynaptic membrane controls synaptic transmission. In particular, postsynaptic receptor complexes are concentrated in distinct membrane nanodomains to optimize synaptic signaling. However, despite the clear functional relevance of subsynaptic receptor organization to synaptic transmission and plasticity, the mechanisms that underlie the nanoscale organization of the postsynaptic membrane remain elusive. Over the last decades, the field has predominantly focused on the role of protein-protein interactions in receptor trafficking and positioning in the synaptic membrane. In contrast, the contribution of lipids, the principal constituents of the membrane, to receptor positioning at the synapse remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, there is compelling evidence that the synaptic membrane is enriched in specific lipid species and that deregulation of lipid homeostasis in neurons severely affects synaptic functioning. In this review we focus on how lipids are organized at the synaptic membrane, with special emphasis on how current models of membrane organization could contribute to protein distribution at the synapse and synaptic transmission. Finally, we will present an outlook on how novel technical developments could be applied to study the dynamic interplay between lipids and proteins at the postsynaptic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Westra
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yolanda Gutierrez
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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16
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Sanderson JL, Freund RK, Gorski JA, Dell'Acqua ML. β-Amyloid disruption of LTP/LTD balance is mediated by AKAP150-anchored PKA and Calcineurin regulation of Ca 2+-permeable AMPA receptors. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109786. [PMID: 34610314 PMCID: PMC8530450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated insertion and removal of postsynaptic AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediates hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. In Alzheimer’s disease β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers may impair learning and memory by altering AMPAR trafficking and LTP/LTD balance. Importantly, Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) assembled from GluA1 subunits are excluded from hippocampal synapses basally but can be recruited rapidly during LTP and LTD to modify synaptic strength and signaling. By employing mouse knockin mutations that disrupt anchoring of the kinase PKA or phosphatase Calcineurin (CaN) to the postsynaptic scaffold protein AKAP150, we find that local AKAP-PKA signaling is required for CP-AMPAR recruitment, which can facilitate LTP but also, paradoxically, prime synapses for Aβ impairment of LTP mediated by local AKAP-CaN LTD signaling that promotes subsequent CP-AMPAR removal. These findings highlight the importance of PKA/CaN signaling balance and CP-AMPARs in normal plasticity and aberrant plasticity linked to disease. In Alzheimer’s disease, Aβ oligomers disrupt hippocampal neuronal plasticity and cognition. Sanderson et al. show how the postsynaptic scaffold protein AKAP150 coordinates PKA and Calcineurin regulation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA-type glutamate receptors to mediate disruption of synaptic plasticity by Aβ oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Sanderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ronald K Freund
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica A Gorski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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17
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AKAP150 and its Palmitoylation Contributed to Pain Hypersensitivity Via Facilitating Synaptic Incorporation of GluA1-Containing AMPA Receptor in Spinal Dorsal Horn. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6505-6519. [PMID: 34559357 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The A-kinase anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150) organizes kinases and phosphatases to regulate AMPA receptors (AMPARs) that are pivotal for synaptic plasticity. AKAP150 itself undergoes S-palmitoylation. However, the roles of AKAP150 and its palmitoylation in spinal nociceptive processing remain unknown. In this study, we found that intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) significantly increased the synaptic expression of AKAP150 and caused a reorganization of AKAP150 signaling complex in spinal dorsal horn. Knockdown of AKAP150 or interruption of its interactions with kinases effectively suppressed the CFA-induced synaptic expression of GluA1 subunit of AMPARs. Our data also showed that an upregulation of AKAP150 palmitoylation was involved in the synaptic redistribution of AKAP150. Inhibition of AKAP150 palmitoylation by expression of palmitoylation-defective mutant AKAP150 (C36, 123S) effectively repressed the CFA-induced phosphorylation and synaptic expression of GluA1 subunit, meanwhile, attenuated the development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Furthermore, we found that an increased expression of palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC2 contributed to the upregulation of AKAP150 palmitoylation and GluA1 accumulation in inflamed mouse. These data indicated that AKAP150 and its palmitoylation were involved in AMPA receptor-dependent modification of nociceptive transmission, and the manipulations of AKAP150 signaling complex and palmitoylation might serve as potential therapeutic strategies for persistent pain after inflammation.
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18
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Wallis TP, Venkatesh BG, Narayana VK, Kvaskoff D, Ho A, Sullivan RK, Windels F, Sah P, Meunier FA. Saturated free fatty acids and association with memory formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3443. [PMID: 34103527 PMCID: PMC8187648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) such as arachidonic acid, released by phospholipase activity on membrane phospholipids, have long been considered beneficial for learning and memory and are known modulators of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. However, the precise nature of other FFA and phospholipid changes in specific areas of the brain during learning is unknown. Here, using a targeted lipidomics approach to characterise FFAs and phospholipids across the rat brain, we demonstrated that the highest concentrations of these analytes were found in areas of the brain classically involved in fear learning and memory, such as the amygdala. Auditory fear conditioning led to an increase in saturated (particularly myristic and palmitic acids) and to a lesser extent unsaturated FFAs (predominantly arachidonic acid) in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Both fear conditioning and changes in FFA required activation of NMDA receptors. These results suggest a role for saturated FFAs in memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bharat G Venkatesh
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Kvaskoff
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Alan Ho
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert K Sullivan
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - François Windels
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Joint Center for Neuroscience and Neural Engineering, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is the post-translational attachment of fatty acids, most commonly palmitate (C16 : 0), onto a cysteine residue of a protein. This reaction is catalysed by a family of integral membrane proteins, the zDHHC protein acyltransferases (PATs), so-called due to the presence of an invariant Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) cysteine-rich domain harbouring the catalytic centre of the enzyme. Conserved throughout eukaryotes, the zDHHC PATs are encoded by multigene families and mediate palmitoylation of thousands of protein substrates. In humans, a number of zDHHC proteins are associated with human diseases, including intellectual disability, Huntington's disease, schizophrenia and cancer. Key to understanding the physiological and pathophysiological importance of individual zDHHC proteins is the identification of their protein substrates. Here, we will describe the approaches and challenges in assigning substrates for individual zDHHCs, highlighting key mechanisms that underlie substrate recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ian P Malgapo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maurine E Linder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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20
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Ji B, Skup M. Roles of palmitoylation in structural long-term synaptic plasticity. Mol Brain 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33430908 PMCID: PMC7802216 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are important cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory processes. N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP and LTD play especially crucial roles in these functions, and their expression depends on changes in the number and single channel conductance of the major ionotropic glutamate receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) located on the postsynaptic membrane. Structural changes in dendritic spines comprise the morphological platform and support for molecular changes in the execution of synaptic plasticity and memory storage. At the molecular level, spine morphology is directly determined by actin cytoskeleton organization within the spine and indirectly stabilized and consolidated by scaffold proteins at the spine head. Palmitoylation, as a uniquely reversible lipid modification with the ability to regulate protein membrane localization and trafficking, plays significant roles in the structural and functional regulation of LTP and LTD. Altered structural plasticity of dendritic spines is also considered a hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders, while genetic evidence strongly links abnormal brain function to impaired palmitoylation. Numerous studies have indicated that palmitoylation contributes to morphological spine modifications. In this review, we have gathered data showing that the regulatory proteins that modulate the actin network and scaffold proteins related to AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission also undergo palmitoylation and play roles in modifying spine architecture during structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjun Ji
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Skup
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Collura KM, Niu J, Sanders SS, Montersino A, Holland SM, Thomas GM. The palmitoyl acyltransferases ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC8 are uniquely present in DRG axons and control retrograde signaling via the Gp130/JAK/STAT3 pathway. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15427-15437. [PMID: 32958558 PMCID: PMC7667964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation, the modification of proteins with the lipid palmitate, is a key regulator of protein targeting and trafficking. However, knowledge of the roles of specific palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), which catalyze palmitoylation, is incomplete. For example, little is known about which PATs are present in neuronal axons, although long-distance trafficking of palmitoyl-proteins is important for axon integrity and for axon-to-soma retrograde signaling, a process critical for axon development and for responses to injury. Identifying axonally targeted PATs might thus provide insights into multiple aspects of axonal biology. We therefore comprehensively determined the subcellular distribution of mammalian PATs in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and, strikingly, found that only two PATs, ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC8, were enriched in DRG axons. Signals via the Gp130/JAK/STAT3 and DLK/JNK pathways are important for axonal injury responses, and we found that ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC8 were required for Gp130/JAK/STAT3, but not DLK/JNK, axon-to-soma signaling. ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC8 robustly palmitoylated Gp130 in cotransfected nonneuronal cells, supporting the possibility that Gp130 is a direct ZDHHC5/8 substrate. In DRG neurons, Zdhhc5/8 shRNA knockdown reduced Gp130 palmitoylation and even more markedly reduced Gp130 surface expression, potentially explaining the importance of these PATs for Gp130-dependent signaling. Together, these findings provide new insights into the subcellular distribution and roles of specific PATs and reveal a novel mechanism by which palmitoylation controls axonal retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Collura
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingwen Niu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaun S Sanders
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey Montersino
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sabrina M Holland
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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22
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Shimell JJ, Shah BS, Cain SM, Thouta S, Kuhlmann N, Tatarnikov I, Jovellar DB, Brigidi GS, Kass J, Milnerwood AJ, Snutch TP, Bamji SX. The X-Linked Intellectual Disability Gene Zdhhc9 Is Essential for Dendrite Outgrowth and Inhibitory Synapse Formation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2422-2437.e8. [PMID: 31747610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that facilitates vesicular transport and subcellular localization of modified proteins. This process is catalyzed by ZDHHC enzymes that are implicated in several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. Loss-of-function mutations in ZDHHC9 have been identified in patients with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and associated with increased epilepsy risk. Loss of Zdhhc9 function in hippocampal cultures leads to shorter dendritic arbors and fewer inhibitory synapses, altering the ratio of excitatory-to-inhibitory inputs formed onto Zdhhc9-deficient cells. While Zdhhc9 promotes dendrite outgrowth through the palmitoylation of the GTPase Ras, it promotes inhibitory synapse formation through the palmitoylation of another GTPase, TC10. Zdhhc9 knockout mice exhibit seizure-like activity together with increased frequency and amplitude of both spontaneous and miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These findings present a plausible mechanism for how the loss of ZDHHC9 function may contribute to XLID and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Shimell
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bhavin S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stuart M Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samrat Thouta
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Naila Kuhlmann
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Igor Tatarnikov
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - D Blair Jovellar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - G Stefano Brigidi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kass
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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23
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Zhang H, Li X, Ma C, Wang K, Zhou J, Chen J, Wang Y, Shi Y. Fine-mapping of ZDHHC2 identifies risk variants for schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1190. [PMID: 32180374 PMCID: PMC7336764 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZDHHC2 is a member of the DHHC protein family, mediating palmitoylation of postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and A-kinase-anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified ZDHHC2 as a candidate gene for schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to fine-map variants of ZDHHC2 conferring risk to SCZ in the Han Chinese population. METHODS Targeted sequencing of whole-exome sequences including untranslated regions (UTRs) along with neighboring regions in 1,827 schizophrenic patients and 1,004 normal controls of Han Chinese origin. RESULTS A total of 123 variants, including five common and 118 rare variants, were identified. Among common variants, rs73198534, rs530313445, and rs74406481 were significantly associated with SCZ. Nine nonsynonymous rare variants, p.Glu96fs, p.Arg127X, p.Val145Ile, p.Ala177Thr, p.Arg269Gln, p.Asn312His, p.Glu319Lys, p.Gln340X, and p.Ile347Val, identified only in patients; eight are located in the important domains, including two stop-gain variants. The 3D structural analysis and functional prediction revealed that all these eight variants may affect AMPAR expression or function, and influence the synaptic plasticity by regulating the palmitoylation of PSD95 and AKAP79/150. CONCLUSION Our results first show strong supportive evidences of the association between the ZDHHC2 and SCZ, and also provide a fine-mapping of variants of this gene in Han Chinese SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Bio‐X InstitutesKey Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiuli Li
- Bio‐X InstitutesKey Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chuanchuan Ma
- Bio‐X InstitutesKey Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ke Wang
- Bio‐X InstitutesKey Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Juan Zhou
- Bio‐X InstitutesKey Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio‐X InstitutesKey Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic DisordersShanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio‐X InstitutesKey Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic DisordersShanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered BreathingShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
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24
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Zhao R, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li D, Huang C, Li F. In vivo Screen Identifies Zdhhc2 as a Critical Regulator of Germinal Center B Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1025. [PMID: 32587588 PMCID: PMC7297983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) B cell differentiation is critical for the production of affinity-matured pathogen-specific antibodies, the dysregulation of which may lead to humoral immunodeficiency or autoimmunity. The development of an in vivo screening system for factors regulating GC B cell differentiation has been a challenge. Here we describe a small-scale in vivo screening system with NP-specific B1-8hi cells and a retroviral shRNA library targeting 78 candidate genes to search for B cell-intrinsic factors that specifically regulate GC B cell differentiation. Zdhhc2, a gene encoding palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC2 and highly expressed in GC B cells, is identified as a strong positive regulator of GC B cell differentiation. B1-8hi cells transduced with Zdhhc2-shRNA are severely compromised in differentiating into GC B cells. A further analysis of in vitro differentiated B cells transduced with Zdhhc2-shRNA shows that Zdhhc2 is critical for the proliferation and the survival of B cells stimulated by CD40L, BAFF, and IL-21 and consequently impacts on their differentiation into GC B cells and post-GC B cells. These studies not only identify Zdhhc2 as a novel regulator of GC B cell differentiation but also represent a proof of concept of in vivo screen for regulators of GC B cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqing Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Boston Consulting Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fubin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Philippe JM, Jenkins PM. Spatial organization of palmitoyl acyl transferases governs substrate localization and function. Mol Membr Biol 2020; 35:60-75. [PMID: 31969037 DOI: 10.1080/09687688.2019.1710274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is a critical posttranslational modification that regulates protein trafficking, localization, stability, sorting and function. In mammals, addition of this lipid modification onto proteins is mediated by a family of 23 palmitoyl acyl transferases (PATs). PATs often palmitoylate substrates in a promiscuous manner, precluding our understanding of how these enzymes achieve specificity for their substrates. Despite generous efforts to identify consensus motifs defining PAT-substrate specificity, it remains to be determined whether additional factors beyond interaction motifs, such as local palmitoylation, participate in PAT-substrate selection. In this review, we emphasize the role of local palmitoylation, in which substrates are palmitoylated and trapped in the same subcellular compartments as their PATs, as a mechanism of enzyme-substrate specificity. We focus here on non-Golgi-localized PATs, as physical proximity to their substrates enables them to engage in local palmitoylation, compared to Golgi PATs, which often direct trafficking of their substrates elsewhere. PAT subcellular localization may be an under-recognized, yet important determinant of PAT-substrate specificity that may work in conjunction or completely independently of interaction motifs. We also discuss some current hypotheses about protein motifs that contribute to localization of non-Golgi-localized PATs, important for the downstream targeting of their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Philippe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul M Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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26
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Hoshi N. M-Current Suppression, Seizures and Lipid Metabolism: A Potential Link Between Neuronal Kv7 Channel Regulation and Dietary Therapies for Epilepsy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:513. [PMID: 32523549 PMCID: PMC7261926 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Kv7 channel generates a low voltage-activated potassium current known as the M-current. The M-current can be suppressed by various neurotransmitters that activate Gq-coupled receptors. Because the M-current stabilizes membrane potential at the resting membrane potential, its suppression transiently increase neuronal excitability. However, its physiological and pathological roles in vivo is not well understood to date. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism underlying M-current suppression, and why it remained elusive for many years. I also summarize how regulation of neuronal Kv7 channel contributes to anti-seizure action of valproic acid through inhibition of palmitoylation of a Kv7 channel binding protein, and discuss about a potential link with anti-seizure mechanisms of medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hoshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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27
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Speca DJ, Diaz E. Acyl-PEGyl Exchange Gel Shift Assay for Quantitative Determination of Palmitoylation of Brain Membrane Proteins. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32281973 DOI: 10.3791/61018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent alterations in the levels of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) within the postsynaptic density (PSD) is thought to represent a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. Palmitoylation regulates localization and function of many synaptic proteins including AMPA-Rs, auxiliary factors and synaptic scaffolds in an activity-dependent manner. We identified the synapse differentiation induced gene (SynDIG) family of four genes (SynDIG1-4) encoding brain-specific transmembrane proteins that associate with AMPARs and regulate synapse strength. SynDIG1 is palmitoylated at two cysteine residues located at positions 191 and 192 in the juxta-transmembrane region important for activity-dependent excitatory synapse development. Here, we describe an innovative biochemical approach, the acyl-PEGyl exchange gel shift (APEGS) assay, to investigate the palmitoylation state of any protein of interest and demonstrate its utility with the SynDIG family of proteins in mouse brain lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Speca
- Department of Pharmacology, UC Davis School of Medicine
| | - Elva Diaz
- Department of Pharmacology, UC Davis School of Medicine;
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28
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Purkey AM, Dell’Acqua ML. Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Ca 2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors During Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:8. [PMID: 32292336 PMCID: PMC7119613 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience-dependent learning and memory require multiple forms of plasticity at hippocampal and cortical synapses that are regulated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDAR, AMPAR). These plasticity mechanisms include long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), which are Hebbian input-specific mechanisms that rapidly increase or decrease AMPAR synaptic strength at specific inputs, and homeostatic plasticity that globally scales-up or -down AMPAR synaptic strength across many or even all inputs. Frequently, these changes in synaptic strength are also accompanied by a change in the subunit composition of AMPARs at the synapse due to the trafficking to and from the synapse of receptors lacking GluA2 subunits. These GluA2-lacking receptors are most often GluA1 homomeric receptors that exhibit higher single-channel conductance and are Ca2+-permeable (CP-AMPAR). This review article will focus on the role of protein phosphorylation in regulation of GluA1 CP-AMPAR recruitment and removal from hippocampal synapses during synaptic plasticity with an emphasis on the crucial role of local signaling by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and the Ca2+calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (CaN) that is coordinated by the postsynaptic scaffold protein A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark L. Dell’Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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29
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Hilgemann DW, Lin MJ, Fine M, Deisl C. On the existence of endocytosis driven by membrane phase separations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183007. [PMID: 31202864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Large endocytic responses can occur rapidly in diverse cell types without dynamins, clathrin, or actin remodeling. Our experiments suggest that membrane phase separations are crucial with more ordered plasma membrane domains being internalized. Not only do these endocytic processes rely on coalescence of membrane domains, they are promoted by participation of membrane proteins in such domains, one important regulatory influence being palmitoylation. Membrane actin cytoskeleton in general resists membrane phase transitions, and its remodeling may play many roles. Besides membrane 'caging' and 'pinching' roles, typically ascribed to clathrin and dynamins, cytoskeleton remodeling may modify local membrane tension and buckling, as well as the presence and location of actin- and tension-free membrane patches. Endocytosis that depends on membrane phase separations becomes activated in metabolic stress and in response to Ca and PI3 kinase signaling. Internalized membrane traffics normally, and the secretory pathway eventually resupplies membrane to the plasmalemma or directs internalized membrane to other locations, including the extracellular space as exosomes. We describe here that endocytosis driven by membrane phase transitions is regulated by the same signaling mechanisms that regulate macropinocytosis, and it may play diverse roles in cells from nutrient assimilation to membrane recycling, cell migration, and the initiation of quiescent or hibernating cell states. Membrane ordering and phase separations have been shown to promote endocytosis in diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, myocytes, glial cells, and immune cells. We propose that clathrin/dynamin-independent endocytosis represents a continuum of related mechanisms with variable but universal dependence on membrane ordering and actin remodeling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Molecular biophysics of membranes and membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Hilgemann
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, USA.
| | - Mei-Jung Lin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, USA
| | - Michael Fine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, USA
| | - Christine Deisl
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, USA
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30
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Sohn H, Park M. Palmitoylation-mediated synaptic regulation of AMPA receptor trafficking and function. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:426-435. [PMID: 30838509 PMCID: PMC6505502 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is a major glutamate-gated ion channel in the brain and is important for synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and learning. Palmitoylation, a post-translational modification, is a critical process regulating AMPAR trafficking, synaptic function and plasticity, and learning and memory in health and diseases. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the palmitoylation-dependent regulation of AMPAR trafficking and functions. We focus on the palmitoylation of AMPARs and other synaptic proteins that directly or indirectly interact with AMPARs, including postsynaptic density 95, glutamate receptor-interacting protein/AMPAR-binding protein, A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150, and protein interacting with C kinase 1. Finally, we discuss what future studies should address in the field of palmitoylation-dependent AMPAR trafficking and function with regard to physiology and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Sohn
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea. .,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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31
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Matt L, Kim K, Chowdhury D, Hell JW. Role of Palmitoylation of Postsynaptic Proteins in Promoting Synaptic Plasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:8. [PMID: 30766476 PMCID: PMC6365469 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many postsynaptic proteins undergo palmitoylation, the reversible attachment of the fatty acid palmitate to cysteine residues, which influences trafficking, localization, and protein interaction dynamics. Both palmitoylation by palmitoyl acyl transferases (PAT) and depalmitoylation by palmitoyl-protein thioesterases (PPT) is regulated in an activity-dependent, localized fashion. Recently, palmitoylation has received attention for its pivotal contribution to various forms of synaptic plasticity, the dynamic modulation of synaptic strength in response to neuronal activity. For instance, palmitoylation and depalmitoylation of the central postsynaptic scaffold protein postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) is important for synaptic plasticity. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of studies linking palmitoylation of postsynaptic proteins to synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Matt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karam Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dhrubajyoti Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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32
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Fatty Acid Synthase Promotes the Palmitoylation of Chikungunya Virus nsP1. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01747-18. [PMID: 30404808 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01747-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted to people by mosquitoes, and CHIKV infection causes fever and joint pain. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) has been identified as a proviral factor for CHIKV. How FASN participates in CHIKV replication remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that palmitic acid (PA) can restore the suppression of CHIKV replication by FASN inhibitors. The palmitoylation and plasma membrane localization of CHIKV nsP1 were reduced by FASN inhibitors. Triple mutation of Cys417, Cys418, and Cys419 in nsP1 blocked its palmitoylation and severely disrupted CHIKV replication. Furthermore, two zinc finger DHHC domain-containing palmitoyltransferases (ZDHHCs), ZDHHC2 and ZDHHC19, promoted nsP1 palmitoylation and CHIKV replication. Our results not only identified the key enzymes for the palmitoylation of nsP1 but also provided mechanistic insights into the roles of FASN in CHIKV replication.IMPORTANCE S-palmitoylation is an important form of lipid posttranslational modification, which affects the function of proteins by regulating their transport, stability, and localization. Previous studies have shown that FASN is critical for CHIKV replication; however, the mechanism for this function of FASN remains unknown. The key zinc finger DHHC domain-containing palmitoyltransferases involved in the palmitoylation of nsP1 are not clear. We demonstrated that FASN promoted CHIKV replication through nsP1 palmitoylation. ZDHHC2 and ZDHHC19 were identified as the major enzymes for nsP1 palmitoylation. Since nsP1 proteins are conserved in alphaviruses, our results highlight the mechanisms by which alphavirus nsP1 is palmitoylated.
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33
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Parkinson GT, Hanley JG. Mechanisms of AMPA Receptor Endosomal Sorting. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:440. [PMID: 30568574 PMCID: PMC6289981 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is critical for excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity and the consequent formation of neural circuits during brain development and their modification during learning and memory processes. The number of synaptic AMPARs is regulated through endocytosis, exocytosis and endosomal sorting that results in recycling back to the plasma membrane or degradation in the lysosome. Hence, endo-lysosomal sorting is vitally important in maintaining AMPAR expression at the synapse, and the dynamic regulation of these trafficking events is a key component of synaptic plasticity. A reduction in synaptic strength such as in long-term depression (LTD) involves AMPAR sorting to lysosomes to reduce synaptic AMPAR number, whereas long-term potentiation (LTP) involves an increase in AMPAR recycling to increase the number of AMPARs at synapses. Here, we review our current understanding of the endosomal trafficking routes taken by AMPARs, and the mechanisms involved in AMPAR endosomal sorting, focussing on the numerous AMPAR associated proteins that have been implicated in this complex process. We also discuss how these events are dysregulated in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle T Parkinson
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G Hanley
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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34
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Gibson ES, Woolfrey KM, Li H, Hogan PG, Nemenoff RA, Heasley LE, Dell'Acqua ML. Subcellular Localization and Activity of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 7 (MKK7) γ Isoform are Regulated through Binding to the Phosphatase Calcineurin. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 95:20-32. [PMID: 30404891 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) phosphatase signaling is regulated by targeting CaN to substrates, inhibitors, and scaffold proteins containing docking motifs with the consensus sequence of PxIxIT. Here, we identify the docking of CaN to the γ isoform of MKK7, a component of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Because of alternative splicing of a single exon within the N-terminal domain, MKK7γ encodes a unique PxIxIT motif (PIIVIT) that is not present in MKK7α or β We found that MKK7γ bound directly to CaN through this PIIVIT motif in vitro, immunoprecipitated with CaN from cell extracts, and exhibited fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with CaN in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus of living cells. In contrast, MKK7α and β exhibited no direct binding or FRET with CaN and were localized more in the nucleus than the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the inhibition of CaN phosphatase activity increased the basal phosphorylation of MKK7γ but not MKK7β Deletion of the MKK7γ PIIVIT motif eliminated FRET with CaN and promoted MKK7γ redistribution to the nucleus; however, the inhibition of CaN activity did not alter MKK7γ localization, indicating that MKK7γ cytoplasmic retention by CaN is phosphatase activity independent. Finally, the inhibition of CaN phosphatase activity in vascular smooth muscle cells, which express MKK7γ mRNA, enhances JNK activation. Overall, we conclude that the MKK7γ-specific PxIxIT motif promotes high-affinity CaN binding that could promote novel cross talk between CaN and JNK signaling by limiting MKK7γ phosphorylation and restricting its localization to the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology (E.S.G., K.M.W., M.L.D.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (L.E.H.); Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L.); and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California (P.G.H.)
| | - Kevin M Woolfrey
- Department of Pharmacology (E.S.G., K.M.W., M.L.D.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (L.E.H.); Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L.); and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California (P.G.H.)
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Pharmacology (E.S.G., K.M.W., M.L.D.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (L.E.H.); Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L.); and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California (P.G.H.)
| | - Patrick G Hogan
- Department of Pharmacology (E.S.G., K.M.W., M.L.D.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (L.E.H.); Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L.); and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California (P.G.H.)
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Department of Pharmacology (E.S.G., K.M.W., M.L.D.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (L.E.H.); Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L.); and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California (P.G.H.)
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Pharmacology (E.S.G., K.M.W., M.L.D.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (L.E.H.); Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L.); and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California (P.G.H.)
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology (E.S.G., K.M.W., M.L.D.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension (R.A.N.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (L.E.H.); Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L.); and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California (P.G.H.)
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35
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Hiester BG, Becker MI, Bowen AB, Schwartz SL, Kennedy MJ. Mechanisms and Role of Dendritic Membrane Trafficking for Long-Term Potentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:391. [PMID: 30425622 PMCID: PMC6218485 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synapses is a major form of plasticity for learning and memory in the central nervous system. While the molecular mechanisms of LTP have been debated for decades, there is consensus that LTP induction activates membrane trafficking pathways within dendrites that are essential for synapse growth and strengthening. Current models suggest that key molecules for synaptic potentiation are sequestered within intracellular organelles, which are mobilized by synaptic activity to fuse with the plasma membrane following LTP induction. While the identity of the factors mobilized to the plasma membrane during LTP remain obscure, the field has narrowly focused on AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Here, we review recent literature and present new experimental data from our lab investigating whether AMPA receptors trafficked from intracellular organelles directly contribute to synaptic strengthening during LTP. We propose a modified model where membrane trafficking delivers distinct factors that are required to maintain synapse growth and AMPA receptor incorporation following LTP. Finally, we pose several fundamental questions that may guide further inquiry into the role of membrane trafficking for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Hiester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew I Becker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aaron B Bowen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samantha L Schwartz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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36
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Purkey AM, Woolfrey KM, Crosby KC, Stich DG, Chick WS, Aoto J, Dell'Acqua ML. AKAP150 Palmitoylation Regulates Synaptic Incorporation of Ca 2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors to Control LTP. Cell Rep 2018; 25:974-987.e4. [PMID: 30355502 PMCID: PMC6263960 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-permeable AMPA-type glutamate receptors (CP-AMPARs) containing GluA1 but lacking GluA2 subunits contribute to multiple forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP), but mechanisms regulating CP-AMPARs are poorly understood. A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) 150 scaffolds kinases and phosphatases to regulate GluA1 phosphorylation and trafficking, and trafficking of AKAP150 itself is modulated by palmitoylation on two Cys residues. Here, we developed a palmitoylation-deficient knockin mouse to show that AKAP150 palmitoylation regulates CP-AMPAR incorporation at hippocampal synapses. Using biochemical, super-resolution imaging, and electrophysiological approaches, we found that palmitoylation promotes AKAP150 localization to recycling endosomes and the postsynaptic density (PSD) to limit CP-AMPAR basal synaptic incorporation. In addition, we found that AKAP150 palmitoylation is required for LTP induced by weaker stimulation that recruits CP-AMPARs to synapses but not stronger stimulation that recruits GluA2-containing AMPARs. Thus, AKAP150 palmitoylation controls its subcellular localization to maintain proper basal and activity-dependent regulation of synaptic AMPAR subunit composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Purkey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kevin M Woolfrey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kevin C Crosby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dominik G Stich
- Advanced Light Microscopy Core, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wallace S Chick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jason Aoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Advanced Light Microscopy Core, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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37
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Patriarchi T, Buonarati OR, Hell JW. Postsynaptic localization and regulation of AMPA receptors and Cav1.2 by β2 adrenergic receptor/PKA and Ca 2+/CaMKII signaling. EMBO J 2018; 37:e99771. [PMID: 30249603 PMCID: PMC6187224 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synapse transmits, processes, and stores data within its tiny space. Effective and specific signaling requires precise alignment of the relevant components. This review examines current insights into mechanisms of AMPAR and NMDAR localization by PSD-95 and their spatial distribution at postsynaptic sites to illuminate the structural and functional framework of postsynaptic signaling. It subsequently delineates how β2 adrenergic receptor (β2 AR) signaling via adenylyl cyclase and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase PKA is organized within nanodomains. Here, we discuss targeting of β2 AR, adenylyl cyclase, and PKA to defined signaling complexes at postsynaptic sites, i.e., AMPARs and the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2, and other subcellular surface localizations, the role of A kinase anchor proteins, the physiological relevance of the spatial restriction of corresponding signaling, and their interplay with signal transduction by the Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent kinase CaMKII How localized and specific signaling by cAMP occurs is a central cellular question. The dendritic spine constitutes an ideal paradigm for elucidating the dimensions of spatially restricted signaling because of their small size and defined protein composition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- Receptors, AMPA/genetics
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Synapses/genetics
- Synapses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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38
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Tonn Eisinger KR, Woolfrey KM, Swanson SP, Schnell SA, Meitzen J, Dell'Acqua M, Mermelstein PG. Palmitoylation of caveolin-1 is regulated by the same DHHC acyltransferases that modify steroid hormone receptors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15901-15911. [PMID: 30158247 PMCID: PMC6187622 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational addition of a 16-carbon lipid chain involved in trafficking and compartmentalizing target proteins. It is important for many cellular functions, including signaling via membrane-localized estrogen receptors (ERs). Within the nervous system, palmitoylation of ERα is necessary for membrane surface localization and mediation of downstream signaling through the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Substitution of the single palmitoylation site on ERα prevents its physical association with the integral membrane protein caveolin-1 (CAV1), required for the formation of the ER/mGluR signaling complex. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown of either of two palmitoyl acyltransferases, zinc finger DHHC type-containing 7 (DHHC7) or DHHC21, also eliminates this signaling mechanism. Because ERα has only one palmitoylation site, we hypothesized that one of these DHHCs palmitoylates CAV1. We investigated this possibility by using an acyl-biotin exchange assay in HEK293 cells in conjunction with DHHC overexpression and found that DHHC7 increases CAV1 palmitoylation. Substitution of the palmitoylation sites on CAV1 eliminated this effect but did not disrupt the ability of the DHHC enzyme to associate with CAV1. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of DHHC7 alone was not sufficient to decrease CAV1 palmitoylation but rather required simultaneous knockdown of DHHC21. These findings provide additional information about the overall influence of palmitoylation on the membrane-initiated estrogen signaling pathway and highlight the importance of considering the influence of palmitoylation on other CAV1-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Tonn Eisinger
- From the Department of Neuroscience and
- the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Kevin M Woolfrey
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, and
| | | | | | - John Meitzen
- the Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Mark Dell'Acqua
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, and
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- From the Department of Neuroscience and
- the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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39
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Hiester BG, Bourke AM, Sinnen BL, Cook SG, Gibson ES, Smith KR, Kennedy MJ. L-Type Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels Regulate Synaptic-Activity-Triggered Recycling Endosome Fusion in Neuronal Dendrites. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2134-2146. [PMID: 29166605 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The repertoire and abundance of proteins displayed on the surface of neuronal dendrites are tuned by regulated fusion of recycling endosomes (REs) with the dendritic plasma membrane. While this process is critical for neuronal function and plasticity, how synaptic activity drives RE fusion remains unexplored. We demonstrate a multistep fusion mechanism that requires Ca2+ from distinct sources. NMDA receptor Ca2+ initiates RE fusion with the plasma membrane, while L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (L-VGCCs) regulate whether fused REs collapse into the membrane or reform without transferring their cargo to the cell surface. Accordingly, NMDA receptor activation triggered AMPA-type glutamate receptor trafficking to the dendritic surface in an L-VGCC-dependent manner. Conversely, potentiating L-VGCCs enhanced AMPA receptor surface expression only when NMDA receptors were also active. Thus L-VGCCs play a role in tuning activity-triggered surface expression of key synaptic proteins by gating the mode of RE fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Hiester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ashley M Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke L Sinnen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah G Cook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily S Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katharine R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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40
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Xia ZX, Shen ZC, Zhang SQ, Wang J, Nie TL, Deng Q, Chen JG, Wang F, Wu PF. De-palmitoylation by N-(tert-Butyl) hydroxylamine inhibits AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission via affecting receptor distribution in postsynaptic densities. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:187-199. [PMID: 29911316 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Palmitoylation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) subunits or their "scaffold" proteins produce opposite effects on AMPAR surface delivery. Considering AMPARs have long been identified as suitable drug targets for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, targeting palmitoylation signaling to regulate AMPAR function emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy. However, until now, much less is known about the effect of palmitoylation-deficient state on AMPAR function. Herein, we set out to determine the effect of global de-palmitoylation on AMPAR surface expression and its function, using a special chemical tool, N-(tert-Butyl) hydroxylamine (NtBuHA). METHODS BS3 protein cross-linking, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, patch clamp, and biotin switch assay. RESULTS Bath application of NtBuHA (1.0 mM) reduced global palmitoylated proteins in the hippocampus of mice. Although NtBuHA (1.0 mM) did not affect the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits, it preferentially decreased the surface expression of AMPARs, not N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Notably, NtBuHA (1.0 mM) reduces AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in the hippocampus. This effect may be largely due to the de-palmitoylation of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and protein kinase A-anchoring proteins, both of which stabilized AMPAR synaptic delivery. Furthermore, we found that changing PSD95 palmitoylation by NtBuHA altered the association of PSD95 with stargazin, which interacted directly with AMPARs, but not NMDARs. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the palmitoylation-deficient state initiated by NtBuHA preferentially reduces AMPAR function, which may potentially be used for the treatment of CNS disorders, especially infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tai-Lei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Collaborative-Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Collaborative-Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China
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41
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De I, Sadhukhan S. Emerging Roles of DHHC-mediated Protein S-palmitoylation in Physiological and Pathophysiological Context. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:319-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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42
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Bourke AM, Bowen AB, Kennedy MJ. New approaches for solving old problems in neuronal protein trafficking. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:48-66. [PMID: 29649542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental cellular properties are determined by the repertoire and abundance of proteins displayed on the cell surface. As such, the trafficking mechanisms for establishing and maintaining the surface proteome must be tightly regulated for cells to respond appropriately to extracellular cues, yet plastic enough to adapt to ever-changing environments. Not only are the identity and abundance of surface proteins critical, but in many cases, their regulated spatial positioning within surface nanodomains can greatly impact their function. In the context of neuronal cell biology, surface levels and positioning of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors play essential roles in establishing important properties, including cellular excitability and synaptic strength. Here we review our current understanding of the trafficking pathways that control the abundance and localization of proteins important for synaptic function and plasticity, as well as recent technological advances that are allowing the field to investigate protein trafficking with increasing spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aaron B Bowen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
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43
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Matt L, Kim K, Hergarden AC, Patriarchi T, Malik ZA, Park DK, Chowdhury D, Buonarati OR, Henderson PB, Gökçek Saraç Ç, Zhang Y, Mohapatra D, Horne MC, Ames JB, Hell JW. α-Actinin Anchors PSD-95 at Postsynaptic Sites. Neuron 2018; 97:1094-1109.e9. [PMID: 29429936 PMCID: PMC5963734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the central role PSD-95 plays in anchoring postsynaptic AMPARs, how PSD-95 itself is tethered to postsynaptic sites is not well understood. Here we show that the F-actin binding protein α-actinin binds to the very N terminus of PSD-95. Knockdown (KD) of α-actinin phenocopies KD of PSD-95. Mutating lysine at position 10 or lysine at position 11 of PSD-95 to glutamate, or glutamate at position 53 or glutamate and aspartate at positions 213 and 217 of α-actinin, respectively, to lysine impairs, in parallel, PSD-95 binding to α-actinin and postsynaptic localization of PSD-95 and AMPARs. These experiments identify α-actinin as a critical PSD-95 anchor tethering the AMPAR-PSD-95 complex to postsynaptic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Matt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karam Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne C Hergarden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zulfiqar A Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah K Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Olivia R Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter B Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Çiğdem Gökçek Saraç
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Durga Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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44
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Chen X, Aramsangtienchai P, Tong Z, Lin H. Protein Lipidation: Occurrence, Mechanisms, Biological Functions, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:919-988. [PMID: 29292991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein lipidation, including cysteine prenylation, N-terminal glycine myristoylation, cysteine palmitoylation, and serine and lysine fatty acylation, occurs in many proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulates numerous biological pathways, such as membrane trafficking, protein secretion, signal transduction, and apoptosis. We provide a comprehensive review of protein lipidation, including descriptions of proteins known to be modified and the functions of the modifications, the enzymes that control them, and the tools and technologies developed to study them. We also highlight key questions about protein lipidation that remain to be answered, the challenges associated with answering such questions, and possible solutions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiao Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pornpun Aramsangtienchai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhen Tong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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45
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Lai Z, Lin P, Weng X, Su J, Chen Y, He Y, Wu G, Wang J, Yu Y, Zhang L. MicroRNA-574-5p promotes cell growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in the progression of coronary artery disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:162-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Wild AR, Dell'Acqua ML. Potential for therapeutic targeting of AKAP signaling complexes in nervous system disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 185:99-121. [PMID: 29262295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A common feature of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders is a breakdown in the integrity of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Dysregulation of ion channels and receptors in the cell membrane and the enzymatic mediators that link them to intracellular effectors can lead to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. However, therapeutic targeting of these ubiquitous signaling elements can lead to off-target side effects due to their widespread expression in multiple systems of the body. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are multivalent scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize a diverse range of receptor and effector proteins to streamline signaling within nanodomain signalosomes. A number of essential neurological processes are known to critically depend on AKAP-directed signaling and an understanding of the role AKAPs play in nervous system disorders has emerged in recent years. Selective targeting of AKAP protein-protein interactions may be a means to uncouple pathologically active signaling pathways in neurological disorders with a greater degree of specificity. In this review we will discuss the role of AKAPs in both regulating normal nervous system function and dysfunction associated with disease, and the potential for therapeutic targeting of AKAP signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Wild
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Woolfrey KM, O'Leary H, Goodell DJ, Robertson HR, Horne EA, Coultrap SJ, Dell'Acqua ML, Bayer KU. CaMKII regulates the depalmitoylation and synaptic removal of the scaffold protein AKAP79/150 to mediate structural long-term depression. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1551-1567. [PMID: 29196604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Both long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) of excitatory synapse strength require the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and its autonomous activity generated by Thr-286 autophosphorylation. Additionally, LTP and LTD are correlated with dendritic spine enlargement and shrinkage that are accompanied by the synaptic accumulation or removal, respectively, of the AMPA-receptor regulatory scaffold protein A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) 79/150. We show here that the spine shrinkage associated with LTD indeed requires synaptic AKAP79/150 removal, which in turn requires CaMKII activity. In contrast to normal CaMKII substrates, the substrate sites within the AKAP79/150 N-terminal polybasic membrane-cytoskeletal targeting domain were phosphorylated more efficiently by autonomous compared with Ca2+/CaM-stimulated CaMKII activity. This unusual regulation was mediated by Ca2+/CaM binding to the substrate sites resulting in protection from phosphorylation in the presence of Ca2+/CaM, a mechanism that favors phosphorylation by prolonged, weak LTD stimuli versus brief, strong LTP stimuli. Phosphorylation by CaMKII inhibited AKAP79/150 association with F-actin; it also facilitated AKAP79/150 removal from spines but was not required for it. By contrast, LTD-induced spine removal of AKAP79/150 required its depalmitoylation on two Cys residues within the N-terminal targeting domain. Notably, such LTD-induced depalmitoylation was also blocked by CaMKII inhibition. These results provide a mechanism how CaMKII can indeed mediate not only LTP but also LTD through regulated substrate selection; however, in the case of AKAP79/150, indirect CaMKII effects on palmitoylation are more important than the effects of direct phosphorylation. Additionally, our results provide the first direct evidence for a function of the well-described AKAP79/150 trafficking in regulating LTD-induced spine shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Woolfrey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Heather O'Leary
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Dayton J Goodell
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Holly R Robertson
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Eric A Horne
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Steven J Coultrap
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - K Ulrich Bayer
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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48
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Abstract
AKAP79/150 is essential for coordinating second messenger-responsive enzymes in processes including synaptic long-term depression. Ca2+ directly regulates AKAP79 through its effector calmodulin (CaM), but the molecular basis of this regulation was previously unknown. Here, we report that CaM recognizes a ‘1-4-7-8’ pattern of hydrophobic amino acids starting at Trp79 in AKAP79. Cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry assisted mapping of the interaction site. Removal of the CaM-binding sequence in AKAP79 prevents formation of a Ca2+-sensitive interface between AKAP79 and calcineurin, and increases resting cellular PKA phosphorylation. We determined a crystal structure of CaM bound to a peptide encompassing its binding site in AKAP79. CaM adopts a highly compact conformation in which its open Ca2+-activated C-lobe and closed N-lobe cooperate to recognize a mixed α/310 helix in AKAP79. The structure guided a bioinformatic screen to identify potential sites in other proteins that may employ similar motifs for interaction with CaM. The A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP79 is regulated by calmodulin (CaM). Here, the authors use crosslinking coupled to mass spectrometry to identify the CaM-binding site in AKAP79 and present the structure of CaM bound to an AKAP79 peptide. The structure shows that CaM adopts a highly compact conformation to interact with a mixed α/310 helix in AKAP79.
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49
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Salaun C, Ritchie L, Greaves J, Bushell TJ, Chamberlain LH. The C-terminal domain of zDHHC2 contains distinct sorting signals that regulate intracellular localisation in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:235-246. [PMID: 28768144 PMCID: PMC5711357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The S-acyltransferase zDHHC2 mediates dynamic S-acylation of PSD95 and AKAP79/150, which impacts synaptic targeting of AMPA receptors. zDHHC2 is responsive to synaptic activity and catalyses the increased S-acylation of PSD95 that occurs following action potential blockade or application of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. These treatments have been proposed to increase plasma membrane delivery of zDHHC2 via an endosomal cycling pathway, enhancing substrate accessibility. To generate an improved understanding of zDHHC2 trafficking and how this might be regulated by neuronal activity, we searched for intramolecular signals that regulate enzyme localisation. Two signals were mapped to the C-terminal tail of zDHHC2: a non-canonical dileucine motif [SxxxLL] and a downstream NP motif. Mutation of these signals enhanced plasma membrane accumulation of zDHHC2 in both neuroendocrine PC12 cells and rat hippocampal neurons, consistent with reduced endocytic retrieval. Furthermore, mutation of these signals also increased accumulation of the enzyme in neurites. Interestingly, several threonine and serine residues are adjacent to these sorting motifs and analysis of phospho-mimetic mutants highlighted a potential role for phosphorylation in regulating the efficacy of these signals. This study offers new molecular insight into the signals that determine zDHHC2 localisation and highlights a potential mechanism to regulate these trafficking signals. Dynamic trafficking of zDHHC2 regulates the localisation of this S-acylation enzyme and controls access to its substrates. Two separate (and atypical) sequences were identified within the C-terminal tail of zDHHC2 that affect enzyme localisation. Mutating these motifs induced the accumulation of zDHHC2 at the plasma membrane of hippocampal neurons and PC12 cells. Phosphorylation may be a potential mechanism to regulate the efficacy of these sorting signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Salaun
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Ritchie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Greaves
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor J Bushell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Luke H Chamberlain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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50
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Globa AK, Bamji SX. Protein palmitoylation in the development and plasticity of neuronal connections. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:210-220. [PMID: 28366531 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation, or the reversible addition of the fatty acid, palmitate, onto substrate proteins, can impact the structure and stability of proteins as well as regulate protein-protein interactions and the trafficking and localization of proteins to cell membranes. This posttranslational modification is mediated by palmitoyl-acyltransferases, consisting of a family of 23 zDHHC proteins in mammals. This review focuses on the subcellular distribution of zDHHC proteins within the neuron and the regulation of zDHHC trafficking and function by synaptic activity. We review recent studies identifying actin binding proteins, cell adhesion molecules and synaptic scaffolding proteins as targets of palmitoylation, and examine the implications of activity-mediated palmitoylation in the establishment and plasticity of neuronal connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Globa
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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