1
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Shakir J, Pedicini M, Bullock BC, Hoen PW, Macias LK, Freiman J, Pletnikov MV, Tamashiro KLK, Cordner ZA. Effects of psilocybin on body weight, body composition, and metabolites in male and female mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 284:114627. [PMID: 38964565 PMCID: PMC11323168 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for the treatment of a wide variety of medical problems, and even for the promotion of wellbeing among healthy individuals. Interestingly, among the many proposed indications, both obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN) have been discussed. However, the effect of psilocybin on appetitive behavior and metabolism is not well known. Here, we report the effects of psilocybin on body weight, intake and output, body composition, and metabolic function among lean male and female wild-type mice. In the days immediately following treatment, both male and female mice receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of psilocybin were consistently heavier than saline controls, with no effect of psilocybin on intake or output. Co-administration of the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin had no effect on this outcome. Body composition analysis revealed that psilocybin significantly increased lean and water mass among males, with a similar trend among females. A metabolic panel revealed increased creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and chloride among male and female psilocybin treated mice. Together, these findings begin to investigate the potential mechanisms of psilocybin's effects on body weight and metabolic measures. Such understanding will be critical for the safe, efficacious, and well-informed use of psilocybin in clinical and non-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Shakir
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Megan Pedicini
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brianna C Bullock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Penn W Hoen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lindsey K Macias
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jackson Freiman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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2
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Baraghithy S, Gammal A, Permyakova A, Hamad S, Kočvarová R, Calles Y, Tam J. 5-Methoxy-2-aminoindane Reverses Diet-Induced Obesity and Improves Metabolic Parameters in Mice: A Potential New Class of Antiobesity Therapeutics. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2527-2543. [PMID: 39144560 PMCID: PMC11320730 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of obesity and its related disorders represents a daunting global health challenge. Unfortunately, current pharmacological interventions for obesity remain limited and are often associated with debilitating side effects. Against this backdrop, the psychoactive aminoindane derivative 5-methoxy-2-aminoindane (MEAI) has gained considerable attention for its ability to induce a pleasurable, alcohol-like sensation while curbing alcohol consumption. Given the potential impact of MEAI on food addiction and energy homeostasis, we examined its metabolic efficacy on appetite regulation, obesity, and related comorbidities under acute and chronic settings, utilizing a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Our results demonstrated that MEAI treatment significantly reduced DIO-induced overweight and adiposity by preserving lean mass and decreasing fat mass. Additionally, MEAI treatment exhibited positive effects on glycemic control by attenuating DIO-induced hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia. Furthermore, MEAI reduced DIO-induced hepatic steatosis by decreasing hepatic lipid accumulation and lowering liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels, primarily by inhibiting de novo lipid synthesis. Metabolic phenotyping revealed that MEAI increased energy expenditure and fat utilization while maintaining food consumption similar to that of the vehicle-treated group. Lastly, MEAI normalized voluntary locomotion actions without any overstimulatory effects. These findings provide compelling evidence for the antiobesity effects of MEAI treatment and call for further preclinical testing. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of MEAI as a novel therapeutic approach for treating obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, offering hope for the development of new treatment options for this global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja Baraghithy
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Asaad Gammal
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Anna Permyakova
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Sharleen Hamad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Radka Kočvarová
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Yael Calles
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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3
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Pais ML, Crisóstomo J, Abrunhosa A, Castelo-Branco M. Portuguese observational cross-sectional clinical imaging study protocol to investigate central dopaminergic mechanisms of successful weight loss through bariatric surgery. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080702. [PMID: 38569700 PMCID: PMC10989096 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery (BS) is the treatment of choice for refractory obesity. Although weight loss (WL) reduces the prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities, not all patients maintain it. It has been suggested that central mechanisms involving dopamine receptors may play a role in successful WL. This protocol describes an observational cross-sectional study to test if the binding of central dopamine receptors is similar in individuals who responded successfully to BS and age- and gender-matched normal-weight healthy individuals (controls). As secondary goals, the protocol will investigate if this binding correlates with key parameters such as age, hormonal status, anthropometric metrics and neurobehavioural scores. Finally, as exploratory goals, we will include a cohort of individuals with obesity before and after BS to explore whether obesity and type of BS (sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) yield distinct binding values and track central dopaminergic changes resulting from BS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To address the major research question of this observational study, positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride will be used to map brain dopamine type 2 and 3 receptors (D2/3R) non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) of individuals who have successfully responded to BS. Mean regional D2/3R BPND values will be compared with control individuals by two one-sided test approaches. The sample size (23 per group) was estimated to demonstrate the equivalence between two independent group means. In addition, these binding values will be correlated with key parameters to address secondary goals. Finally, for exploratory analysis, these values will be compared within the same individuals (before and after BS) and between individuals with obesity and controls and types of BS. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The project and informed consent received ethical approval from the Faculty of Medicine and the Coimbra University Hospital ethics committees. Results will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lapo Pais
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Crisóstomo
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Al‐Alsheikh AS, Alabdulkader S, Miras AD, Goldstone AP. Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary interventions for obesity on brain neurotransmitter systems and metabolism: A systematic review of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13620. [PMID: 37699864 PMCID: PMC10909448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review collates studies of dietary or bariatric surgery interventions for obesity using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Of 604 publications identified, 22 met inclusion criteria. Twelve studies assessed bariatric surgery (seven gastric bypass, five gastric bypass/sleeve gastrectomy), and ten dietary interventions (six low-calorie diet, three very low-calorie diet, one prolonged fasting). Thirteen studies examined neurotransmitter systems (six used tracers for dopamine DRD2/3 receptors: two each for 11 C-raclopride, 18 F-fallypride, 123 I-IBZM; one for dopamine transporter, 123 I-FP-CIT; one used tracer for serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 18 F-altanserin; two used tracers for serotonin transporter, 11 C-DASB or 123 I-FP-CIT; two used tracer for μ-opioid receptor, 11 C-carfentanil; one used tracer for noradrenaline transporter, 11 C-MRB); seven studies assessed glucose uptake using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose; four studies assessed regional cerebral blood flow using 15 O-H2 O (one study also used arterial spin labeling); and two studies measured fatty acid uptake using 18 F-FTHA and one using 11 C-palmitate. The review summarizes findings and correlations with clinical outcomes, eating behavior, and mechanistic mediators. The small number of studies using each tracer and intervention, lack of dietary intervention control groups in any surgical studies, heterogeneity in time since intervention and degree of weight loss, and small sample sizes hindered the drawing of robust conclusions across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhanouf S. Al‐Alsheikh
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Shahd Alabdulkader
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Alexander D. Miras
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life and Health SciencesUlster UniversityLondonderryUK
| | - Anthony P. Goldstone
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalLondonUK
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5
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Rasmussen AL, Larsen SV, Ozenne B, Köhler-Forsberg K, Stenbæk DS, Jørgensen MB, Giraldi A, Frokjaer VG. Sexual health and serotonin 4 receptor brain binding in unmedicated patients with depression-a NeuroPharm study. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:247. [PMID: 37414758 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction is prominent in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and affects women with depression more than men. Patients with MDD relative to healthy controls have lower brain levels of the serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R), which is expressed with high density in the striatum, i.e. a key hub of the reward system. Reduced sexual desire is putatively related to disturbed reward processing and may index anhedonia in MDD. Here, we aim to illuminate plausible underlying neurobiology of sexual dysfunction in unmedicated patients with MDD. We map associations between 5-HT4R binding, as imaged with [11C]SB207145 PET, in the striatum, and self-reported sexual function. We also evaluate if pre-treatment sexual desire score predicts 8-week treatment outcome in women. From the NeuroPharm study, we include 85 untreated MDD patients (71% women) who underwent eight weeks of antidepressant drug treatment. In the mixed sex group, we find no difference in 5-HT4R binding between patients with sexual dysfunction vs normal sexual function. However, in women we find lower 5-HT4R binding in the sexual dysfunctional group compared to women with normal sexual function (β = -0.36, 95%CI[-0.62:-0.09], p = 0.009) as well as a positive association between sexual desire and 5-HT4R binding (β = 0.07, 95%CI [0.02:0.13], p = 0.012). Sexual desire at baseline do not predict treatment outcome (ROC curve AUC = 52%[36%:67%]) in women. Taken together, we find evidence for a positive association between sexual desire and striatal 5-HT4R availability in women with depression. Interestingly, this raises the question if direct 5-HT4R agonism can target reduced sexual desire or anhedonia in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Søren Vinther Larsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Fadahunsi N, Knudsen GM, Clemmensen C. Do psychedelics have therapeutic potential for obesity? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:1-2. [PMID: 36329153 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fadahunsi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Griebsch NI, Kern J, Hansen J, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Helfmeyer S, Dekorsy FJ, Soeder M, Hankir MK, Zientek F, Becker GA, Patt M, Meyer PM, Dietrich A, Blüher M, Ding YS, Hilbert A, Sabri O, Hesse S. Central Serotonin/Noradrenaline Transporter Availability and Treatment Success in Patients with Obesity. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111437. [PMID: 36358364 PMCID: PMC9688491 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as well as noradrenaline (NA) are key modulators of various fundamental brain functions including the control of appetite. While manipulations that alter brain serotoninergic signaling clearly affect body weight, studies implicating 5-HT transporters and NA transporters (5-HTT and NAT, respectively) as a main drug treatment target for human obesity have not been conclusive. The aim of this positron emission tomography (PET) study was to investigate how these central transporters are associated with changes of body weight after 6 months of dietary intervention or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in order to assess whether 5-HTT as well as NAT availability can predict weight loss and consequently treatment success. The study population consisted of two study cohorts using either the 5-HTT-selective radiotracer [11C]DASB to measure 5-HTT availability or the NAT-selective radiotracer [11C]MRB to assess NAT availability. Each group included non-obesity healthy participants, patients with severe obesity (body mass index, BMI, >35 kg/m2) following a conservative dietary program (diet) and patients undergoing RYGB surgery within a 6-month follow-up. Overall, changes in BMI were not associated with changes of both 5-HTT and NAT availability, while 5-HTT availability in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) prior to intervention was associated with substantial BMI reduction after RYGB surgery and inversely related with modest BMI reduction after diet. Taken together, the data of our study indicate that 5-HTT and NAT are involved in the pathomechanism of obesity and have the potential to serve as predictors of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Kern
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Hansen
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Jena University Hospital, University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Helfmeyer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska J. Dekorsy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marvin Soeder
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Zientek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Abdominal, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Fadahunsi N, Lund J, Breum AW, Mathiesen CV, Larsen IB, Knudsen GM, Klein AB, Clemmensen C. Acute and long-term effects of psilocybin on energy balance and feeding behavior in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:330. [PMID: 35953488 PMCID: PMC9372155 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin and other serotonergic psychedelics have re-emerged as therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders, including addiction. Psilocybin induces long-lasting effects on behavior, likely due to its profound ability to alter consciousness and augment neural connectivity and plasticity. Impaired synaptic plasticity in obesity contributes to 'addictive-like' behaviors, including heightened motivation for palatable food, and excessive food seeking and consumption. Here, we evaluate the effects of psilocybin on feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and as a weight-lowering agent in mice. We demonstrate that a single dose of psilocybin substantially alters the prefrontal cortex transcriptome but has no acute or long-lasting effects on food intake or body weight in diet-induced obese mice or in genetic mouse models of obesity. Similarly, sub-chronic microdosing of psilocybin has no metabolic effects in obese mice and psilocybin does not augment glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced weight loss or enhance diet-induced weight loss. A single high dose of psilocybin reduces sucrose preference but fails to counter binge-like eating behavior. Although these preclinical data discourage clinical investigation, there may be nuances in the mode of action of psychedelic drugs that are difficult to capture in rodent models, and thus require human evaluation to uncover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fadahunsi
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lund
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberte Wollesen Breum
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Vad Mathiesen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabella Beck Larsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bue Klein
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Guerrero-Hreins E, Foldi CJ, Oldfield BJ, Stefanidis A, Sumithran P, Brown RM. Gut-brain mechanisms underlying changes in disordered eating behaviour after bariatric surgery: a review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:733-751. [PMID: 34851508 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery results in long-term weight loss and an improved metabolic phenotype due to changes in the gut-brain axis regulating appetite and glycaemia. Neuroendocrine alterations associated with bariatric surgery may also influence hedonic aspects of eating by inducing changes in taste preferences and central reward reactivity towards palatable food. However, the impact of bariatric surgery on disordered eating behaviours (e.g.: binge eating, loss-of-control eating, emotional eating and 'addictive eating'), which are commonly present in people with obesity are not well understood. Increasing evidence suggests gut-derived signals, such as appetitive hormones, bile acid profiles, microbiota concentrations and associated neuromodulatory metabolites, can influence pathways in the brain implicated in food intake, including brain areas involved in sensorimotor, reward-motivational, emotional-arousal and executive control components of food intake. As disordered eating prevalence is a key mediator of weight-loss success and patient well-being after bariatric surgery, understanding how changes in the gut-brain axis contribute to disordered eating incidence and severity after bariatric surgery is crucial to better improve treatment outcomes in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire J Foldi
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian J Oldfield
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aneta Stefanidis
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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10
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Pak K, Kim K, Seo S, Lee MJ, Kim IJ. Serotonin transporter is negatively associated with body mass index after glucose loading in humans. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1246-1251. [PMID: 34981428 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin transporter (SERT) is a presynaptically localized membrane protein that regulates the serotonin transmission via its reuptake of released serotonin. We hypothesized that glucose loading may change SERT availability from brainstem in humans. An intravenous bolus injection of 18F-FP-CIT was administered after the infusion of glucose or placebo (normal saline), and the emission data were acquired over 90 mins in 33 healthy nonobese subjects. For a volume-of-interest-based analysis, an atlas involving midbrain, and pons was applied. SERT availability, binding potential (BPND), were measured via the simplified reference tissue method with a reference of cerebellum. For a voxel-based analysis, statistical parametric mapping 12 was used with parametric BPND images. BPNDs from midbrain (p=0.8937), and pons (p=0.1115) were not different between glucose and placebo loading. Both of BPNDs from midbrain after glucose, and placebo loading were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). BMI showed a trend of negative correlation with glucose-loaded BPND from pons, whereas, placebo-loaded BPNDs from pons did not show any significant association with BMI. In conclusion, SERT availability was negatively correlated with BMI after glucose loading in humans. SERT might have a role in eating behavior through the action of insulin. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
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11
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Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction: Is There a Connection with Gut Microbiota? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122549. [PMID: 34946150 PMCID: PMC8703706 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by severe impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) motility, and its symptoms are suggestive of partial or complete intestinal obstruction in the absence of any lesion restricting the intestinal lumen. Diagnosis and therapy of CIPO patients still represent a significant challenge for clinicians, despite their efforts to improve diagnostic workup and treatment strategies for this disease. The purpose of this review is to better understand what is currently known about the relationship between CIPO patients and intestinal microbiota, with a focus on the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the intestinal endocrine system (IES) in intestinal motility, underling the importance of further studies to deeply understand the causes of gut motility dysfunction in these patients.
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12
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Caron A, Jane Michael N. New Horizons: Is Obesity a Disorder of Neurotransmission? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4872-e4886. [PMID: 34117881 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of the nervous system. While some will view this statement as provocative, others will take it as obvious. Whatever our side is, the pharmacology tells us that targeting the nervous system works for promoting weight loss. It works, but at what cost? Is the nervous system a safe target for sustainable treatment of obesity? What have we learned-and unlearned-about the central control of energy balance in the last few years? Herein we provide a thought-provoking exploration of obesity as a disorder of neurotransmission. We discuss the state of knowledge on the brain pathways regulating energy homeostasis that are commonly targeted in anti-obesity therapy and explore how medications affecting neurotransmission such as atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antihistamines relate to body weight. Our goal is to provide the endocrine community with a conceptual framework that will help expending our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity, a disease of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Jane Michael
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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13
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Central Noradrenergic Neurotransmission and Weight Loss 6 Months After Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4868-4876. [PMID: 34414548 PMCID: PMC8490257 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is currently the most efficient treatment to achieve long-term weight loss in individuals with severe obesity. This is largely attributed to marked reductions in food intake mediated in part by changes in gut-brain communication. Here, we investigated for the first time whether weight loss after RYGB is associated with alterations in central noradrenaline (NA) neurotransmission. Materials and Methods We longitudinally studied 10 individuals with severe obesity (8 females; age 43.9 ± 13.1 years; body mass index (BMI) 46.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2) using (S,S)-[11C]O-methylreboxetine and positron emission tomography to estimate NA transporter (NAT) availability before and 6 months after surgery. NAT distribution volume ratios (DVR) were calculated by volume-of-interest analysis and the two-parameter multilinear reference tissue model (reference region: occipital cortex). Results The participants responded to RYGB surgery with a reduction in BMI of 12.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) from baseline. This was paralleled by a significant reduction in DVR in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (pre-surgery 1.12 ± 0.04 vs. post-surgery 1.07 ± 0.04; p = 0.019) and a general tendency towards reduced DVR throughout the brain. Furthermore, we found a strong positive correlation between pre-surgery DVR in hypothalamus and the change in BMI (r = 0.78; p = 0.01). Conclusion Reductions in BMI after RYGB surgery are associated with NAT availability in brain regions responsible for decision-making and homeostasis. However, these results need further validation in larger cohorts, to assess whether brain NAT availability could prognosticate the outcome of RYGB on BMI. Graphical abstract ![]()
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14
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Bini J, Norcross M, Cheung M, Duffy A. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Bariatric Surgery Research: a Review. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4592-4606. [PMID: 34304378 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, initially understood as restricting or bypassing the amount of food that reaches the stomach to reduce food intake and/or increase malabsorption of food to promote weight loss, is now recognized to also affect incretin signaling in the gut and promote improvements in system-wide metabolism. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique whereby patients are injected with picomolar concentrations of radioactive molecules, below the threshold of having physiological effects, to measure spatial distributions of blood flow, metabolism, receptor, and enzyme pharmacology. Recent advances in both whole-body PET imaging and radioligand development will allow for novel research that may help clarify the roles of peripheral and central receptor/enzyme systems in treating obesity with bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bini
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Maija Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Duffy
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Maierean AD, Bordea IR, Salagean T, Hanna R, Alexescu TG, Chis A, Todea DA. Polymorphism of the Serotonin Transporter Gene and the Peripheral 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: What Do We Know and What are We Looking for? A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:125-139. [PMID: 33603523 PMCID: PMC7881775 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s278170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease with substantial public health burden. In most of the cases, there is a genetic predisposition to OSA. Serotonin/T-HydroxyTriptamine (5-HT) plays a key role in ventilatory stimulation, while the polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (STG) leads to alterations in serotonin level, making it important in OSA. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the 5-HydroxyTriptamine and the genetic predisposition influence the incidence and evolution of OSA, we reviewed randomized, controlled trials and observational studies on the selected topic. The secondary objective was to determine the metabolic effects of the circulating serotonin in other tissues (liver, pancreas, gut, brown adipose tissue, and white adipose tissue) and its role in the development of obesity. DATA SOURCES A systematic review of English articles was performed based on PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases. Search filters included randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial, random allocation, double-blind method, and case-control studies and used the following keywords: Brain Serotonin OR Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism OR Peripheral 5-HydroxyTryptamine AND Obstructive Sleep Apnea OR Sleep Disorder Breathing OR brain serotonin AND OSA OR serotonin transporter gene OR Peripheral 5-Hydroxytryptamine AND Sleep. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA The inclusion criteria for the current review were previous diagnosis of OSA, age above 18 years, and articles including quantitative data about serotonin transporter gene or peripheral serotonin. Language and time criteria were added - English articles published in the last 15 years. Studies that were not included were reviews and case reports. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS In order to study the serotonin function, a literature research was conducted in the databases Pubmed and Cochrane Library. The following search terms were used: serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin transporter gene. A critical appraisal of the included studies was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and Delphi list. RESULTS The search yielded 1210 articles, from which 43 were included. The included studies suggest that the two polymorphisms of serotonin transporter gene (5HTT) - variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and linked polymorphic region (LPR) - are strong candidates in the pathogenesis of OSA. The allele 10 of 5HTTVNTR and the long/long (L/L) allele genotype were associated with a higher prevalence of OSA and the L allele with a higher apnea-hypopnea index and a longer time during sleep with oxygen desaturation. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of the present study consists of heterogeneity of the information. Being a less studied subject, randomized trials are not widely available and most data were obtained from case-control trials. Moreover, the included material indirectly approached the subject by demonstrating the effects of serotoninergic system over the metabolism, the connection between serotonin and obesity, factors which are implied in the pathogenesis of OSA. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS The two polymorphisms of serotonin gene can be considered important factors in the diagnosis and management of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Diana Maierean
- Department of Pneumology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Salagean
- Department of Land Measurements and Exact Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy.,Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Teodora Gabriela Alexescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Chis
- Department of Pneumology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Adina Todea
- Department of Pneumology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Spies M, Nasser A, Ozenne B, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM. Common HTR2A variants and 5-HTTLPR are not associated with human in vivo serotonin 2A receptor levels. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4518-4528. [PMID: 32697408 PMCID: PMC7555071 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 2A receptor (5‐HT2AR) is implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of various psychiatric disorders. [18F]altanserin and [11C]Cimbi‐36 positron emission tomography (PET) allow for high‐resolution imaging of 5‐HT2AR in the living human brain. Cerebral 5‐HT2AR binding is strongly genetically determined, though the impact of specific variants is poorly understood. Candidate gene studies suggest that HTR2A single nucleotide polymorphisms including rs6311/rs6313, rs6314, and rs7997012 may influence risk for psychiatric disorders and mediate treatment response. Although known to impact in vitro expression of 5‐HT2AR or other serotonin (5‐HT) proteins, their effect on human in vivo brain 5‐HT2AR binding has as of yet been insufficiently studied. We thus assessed the extent to which these variants and the commonly studied 5‐HTTLPR predict neocortex in vivo 5‐HT2AR binding in healthy adult humans. We used linear regression analyses and likelihood ratio tests in 197 subjects scanned with [18F]altanserin or [11C]Cimbi‐36 PET. Although we observed genotype group differences in 5‐HT2AR binding of up to ~10%, no genetic variants were statistically significantly predictive of 5‐HT2AR binding in what is the largest human in vivo 5‐HT2AR imaging genetics study to date. Thus, in vitro and post mortem results suggesting effects on 5‐HT2AR expression did not carry over to the in vivo setting. To any extent these variants might affect clinical risk, our findings do not support that 5‐HT2AR binding mediates such effects. Our observations indicate that these individual variants do not significantly contribute to genetic load on human in vivo 5‐HT2AR binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Spies
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arafat Nasser
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter S Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Weight Loss in Women Taking Flibanserin for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD): Insights Into Potential Mechanisms. Sex Med Rev 2019; 7:575-586. [PMID: 31196764 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flibanserin, a multifunctional serotonin receptor agonist and antagonist, is currently approved in the United States and Canada for the treatment of acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. A post hoc analysis of HSDD clinical trial data found that flibanserin treatment was associated with statistically significant weight loss relative to placebo, even though study patients were not selected for being overweight/obese and were provided no expectation for weight reduction or interventions intended to promote weight loss. AIM To understand possible mechanisms by which flibanserin may produce weight loss. METHODS A literature review was performed using Medline database for relevant publications on the mechanisms of action by which flibanserin may provide weight loss and the links between sexual function and weight management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Examination of (i) biopsychosocial factors regulating sexual desire, food intake, and weight regulation; (ii) clinical pharmacology of flibanserin; (iii) neurobiology of brain reward circuitry; and (iv) identification of possible mechanisms common to flibanserin and weight loss. RESULTS Based on flibanserin clinical trial data, there was no consistent correlation between weight loss and improvement in sexual function, as assessed by HSDD outcome measures. Nausea, a common adverse event associated with flibanserin use, also did not appear to be a contributing factor to weight loss. Hypothetical links between flibanserin treatment and weight loss include modulation of peripheral 5-HT2A receptors and factors such as improved mood and improved sleep. CONCLUSION Mechanisms of flibanserin-induced weight loss have not been well characterized but may involve indirect beneficial effects on peripheral 5-HT2A receptors and central regulation of mood and sleep. Future research may better elucidate the links between sexual function and weight management and the mechanism(s) by which flibanserin use may result in weight loss. Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Goldstein I, et al. Weight Loss in Women Taking Flibanserin for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD): Insights into Potential Mechanisms. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:575-586.
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18
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Sundström Poromaa I, Comasco E, Bäckström T, Bixo M, Jensen P, Frokjaer VG. Negative Association Between Allopregnanolone and Cerebral Serotonin Transporter Binding in Healthy Women of Fertile Age. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2767. [PMID: 30687199 PMCID: PMC6336902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone, with suggested relevance for female mood disorders. While allopregnanolone and serotonin are known to influence psychological well-being, the molecular and psychological specifics of their relationship are to date poorly understood, especially in women of fertile age who experience regular fluctuations of progesterone across the menstrual cycle. Availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft is regulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT), which can be imaged in the living human brain by use of positron emission tomography (PET) and the radiotracer [11C]DASB. To evaluate sex-specific allopregnanolone-SERT interactions, the present study investigated the relationship between cerebral SERT availability, serum allopregnanolone levels and psychological well-being in women of fertile age. Brain imaging data, self-reported symptoms of mental distress and emotion regulation, and biobank material from ninety healthy women were available from the Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (CIMBI) database. Age, BMI, and daylight minutes were included as covariates in the analyses and SERT genotype (5-HTTLPR) was considered a potential confounder. Lower serum allopregnanolone levels were associated with higher SERT binding in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, allopregnanolone levels were negatively associated with measures of alertness, although this finding was not mediated by prefrontal cortex SERT binding. These findings suggest a link between the typical psychological well-being experienced in the follicular phase when allopregnanolone levels are low and higher SERT in the prefrontal cortex, a region for higher cognitive functions and top-down regulation of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Comasco
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Bäckström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Stenbaek DS, Kristiansen S, Burmester D, Madsen MK, Frokjaer VG, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM. Trait Openness and serotonin 2A receptors in healthy volunteers: A positron emission tomography study. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2117-2124. [PMID: 30633430 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research found lasting increases in personality trait Openness in healthy individuals and patients after administration of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A R) agonist psilocybin. However, no studies have investigated whether 5-HT2A R availability as imaged using positron emission tomography (PET) is associated with this trait. In 159 healthy individuals (53 females), the association between 5-HT2A R binding in neocortex imaged with [18 F]altanserin or [11 C]Cimbi-36 PET and personality trait Openness was investigated using linear regression models. In these models the influence of sex on the association was also investigated. Trait Openness was assessed with the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. No significant associations between neocortical 5-HT2A R binding and trait Openness were found for [18 F]altanserin (p = 0.5) or [11 C]Cimbi-36 (p = 0.8). Pooling the data in a combined model did not substantially change our results (p = 0.4). No significant interactions with sex were found (p > 0.35). Our results indicate that differences in 5-HT2A R availability are not related to variations in trait Openness in healthy individuals. Although stimulation of the 5-HT2A R with compounds such as psilocybin may contribute to long-term changes in trait Openness, there is no evidence in favor of an association between 5-HT2A R and trait Openness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Siggaard Stenbaek
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Kristiansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Burmester
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Korsbak Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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van Galen KA, Ter Horst KW, Booij J, la Fleur SE, Serlie MJ. The role of central dopamine and serotonin in human obesity: lessons learned from molecular neuroimaging studies. Metabolism 2018; 85:325-339. [PMID: 28970033 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, and many studies have aimed to determine why obese individuals continue to (over)consume food under conditions of caloric excess. The two major "neurotransmitter hypotheses" of obesity state that increased food intake is partially driven by decreased dopamine-mediated reward and decreased serotonin-mediated homeostatic feedback in response to food intake. Using molecular neuroimaging studies to visualize and quantify aspects of the central dopamine and serotonin systems in vivo, recent PET and SPECT studies have also implicated alterations in these systems in human obesity. The interpretation of these data, however, is more complex than it may appear. Here, we discuss important characteristics and limitations of current radiotracer methods and use this framework to comprehensively review the available human data on central dopamine and serotonin in obesity. On the basis of the available evidence, we conclude that obesity is associated with decreased central dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling and that future research, especially in long-term follow-up and interventional settings, is needed to advance our understanding of the neuronal pathophysiology of obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy A van Galen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kasper W Ter Horst
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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21
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Noradrenaline transporter availability on [ 11C]MRB PET predicts weight loss success in highly obese adults. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:1618-1625. [PMID: 29627935 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the mechanisms by which the central noradrenaline (NA) system influences appetite and controls energy balance are quite well understood, its relationship to changes in body weight remains largely unknown. The main goal of this study was to further clarify whether the brain NA system is a stable trait or whether it can be altered by dietary intervention. METHODS We aimed to compare central NA transporter (NAT) availability in ten obese, otherwise healthy individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 42.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (age 34 ± 9 years, four women) and ten matched non-obese, healthy controls (BMI 23.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2, age 33 ± 10 years, four women) who underwent PET with the NAT-selective radiotracer (S,S)-[11C]O-methylreboxetine (MRB) before and 6 months after dietary intervention. RESULTS MRI-based individual volume-of-interest analyses revealed an increase in binding potential (BPND) in the insula and the hippocampus of obese individuals, which correlated well with changes in BMI (-3.3 ± 5.3%; p = 0.03) following completion of the dietary intervention. Furthermore, voxel-wise regression analyses showed that lower BPND in these regions, but also in the midbrain and the prefrontal cortex, at baseline was associated with higher achieved weight loss (e.g., hippocampal area R2 = 0.80; p < 0.0001). No changes were observed in non-obese controls. CONCLUSION These first longitudinal interventional data on NAT availability in highly obese individuals indicate that the central NA system is modifiable. Our findings suggest that NAT availability before intervention could help predict the amount and success of weight loss in obese individuals and help adjust treatment options individually by allowing prediction of the benefit of a dietary intervention.
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Hankir MK, Seyfried F, Miras AD, Cowley MA. Brain Feeding Circuits after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:218-237. [PMID: 29475578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic surgical procedures, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), uniquely reprogram feeding behavior and body weight in obese subjects. Clinical neuroimaging and animal studies are only now beginning to shed light on some of the underlying central mechanisms. We present here the roles of key brain neurotransmitter/neuromodulator systems in food choice, value, and intake at various stages after RYGB. In doing so, we elaborate on how known signals emanating from the reorganized gut, including peptide hormones and microbiota products, impinge on newly mapped homeostatic and hedonic brain feeding circuits. Continued progress in the rapidly evolving field of metabolic surgery will inform the design of more effective weight-loss compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria 97080, Germany; German Research Foundation Collaborative Research Center in Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony 04103, Germany.
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Bavaria 97080, Germany
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Department of Investigative Science, Imperial College London Academic Healthcare Centre, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Nam SB, Kim K, Kim BS, Im HJ, Lee SH, Kim SJ, Kim IJ, Pak K. The Effect of Obesity on the Availabilities of Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4924. [PMID: 29563547 PMCID: PMC5862836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors investigated relations between obesity, age, and sex and the availabilities of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and extrastriatal serotonin transporter (SERT) by 123I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography. The study population consisted of 192 healthy controls with screening 123I-FP-CIT scans. Specific bindings of 123I-FP-CIT to DAT and SERT were calculated using regions of interest. Specific binding ratios (SBRs) of DAT and SERT except pons (r = 0.2217, p = 0.0026), were not correlated with body mass index (BMI). SBRs of midbrains correlated negatively with the BMIs of obese subjects (r = −0.3126, p = 0.0496), and positively with the those of non-obese subjects (r = 0.2327, p = 0.0053). SBRs of caudate nucleus (r = −0.3175, p < 0.0001), striatum (r = −0.226, p = 0.0022), and thalamus (r = −0.1978, p = 0.0074) reduced with age, and SERT availability was higher in males. However, DAT availability was similar in males and females. In conclusion, obesity has an effect on midbrain SERT availability. In addition, BMI was correlated with pontine SERT availability but not with striatal DAT availability. SERT availability was higher in males, but DAT availability showed no gender predilection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bong Nam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Kornstein SG, Simon JA, Apfel SC, Yuan J, Barbour KA, Kissling R. Effect of Flibanserin Treatment on Body Weight in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Post Hoc Analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:1161-1168. [PMID: 28817365 PMCID: PMC5695746 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flibanserin, a 5-HT1A agonist and 5-HT2A antagonist, is indicated for the treatment of acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of flibanserin treatment on body weight in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with HSDD. MATERIALS AND METHODS This analysis included three 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of flibanserin 100 mg each bedtime (qhs) in premenopausal women, a similarly designed study in postmenopausal women, and a 52-week, open-label extension study in premenopausal women. RESULTS In a pooled analysis of premenopausal women, mean baseline body mass index (BMI) was 27.0 kg/m2 in the flibanserin group (n = 1227) and 26.8 kg/m2 in the placebo group (n = 1238). Among patients who completed 24 weeks of treatment, least squares (LS) mean weight change was -1.4 kg in the flibanserin group (n = 1010) and -0.1 kg in the placebo group (n = 1066; p < 0.0001). Weight loss ≥5% from baseline was reported in 21.0% of patients who received flibanserin and 7.8% of patients who received placebo; weight loss ≥10% was reported in 3.8% and 2.0% of patients, respectively. In postmenopausal women, mean baseline BMI was 27.7 kg/m2 in the flibanserin group (n = 467) and 27.3 kg/m2 in the placebo group (n = 480). LS mean weight change at week 24 was -1.8 kg in the flibanserin group (n = 385) and -0.1 kg in the placebo group (n = 425; p < 0.0001), with weight loss ≥5% reported in 24.7% and 7.3% of patients, respectively, and weight loss ≥10% reported in 5.2% and 1.7%, respectively. In HSDD patients with >12 months (n = 880) and >18 months (n = 637) of exposure to flibanserin, mean weight change was -1.0 and -1.2 kg, respectively; 25.4% and 26.9% of patients, respectively, experienced weight loss ≥5% from baseline, and 7.8% and 8.4%, respectively, experienced weight loss ≥10%. CONCLUSIONS Women treated with flibanserin for HSDD may experience weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Kornstein
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Women's Health, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - James A Simon
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University School of Medicine , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Stuart C Apfel
- 3 The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University , New York, New York
| | - James Yuan
- 4 Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America, LLC , Bridgewater, New Jersey
| | - Krista A Barbour
- 4 Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America, LLC , Bridgewater, New Jersey
| | - Robert Kissling
- 4 Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America, LLC , Bridgewater, New Jersey
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Horstmann A. It wasn't me; it was my brain – Obesity-associated characteristics of brain circuits governing decision-making. Physiol Behav 2017; 176:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Serotonin transporter gene promoter methylation status correlates with in vivo prefrontal 5-HTT availability and reward function in human obesity. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1167. [PMID: 28675387 PMCID: PMC5538116 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymorphism in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT)-coding SLC6A4 gene (5-HTTLPR) has been implicated in moderating susceptibility to stress-related psychopathology and to possess regulatory functions on human in vivo 5-HTT availability. However, data on a direct relation between 5-HTTLPR and in vivo 5-HTT availability have been inconsistent. Additional factors such as epigenetic modifications of 5-HTTLPR might contribute to this association. This is of particular interest in the context of obesity, as an association with 5-HTTLPR hypermethylation has previously been reported. Here, we tested the hypothesis that methylation rates of 14 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) 5-HTTLPR loci, in vivo central 5-HTT availability as measured with [11C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET) and body mass index (BMI) are related in a group of 30 obese (age: 36±10 years, BMI>35 kg/m2) and 14 normal-weight controls (age 36±7 years, BMI<25 kg/m2). No significant association between 5-HTTLPR methylation and BMI overall was found. However, site-specific elevations in 5-HTTLPR methylation rates were significantly associated with lower 5-HTT availability in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) specifically within the obese group when analyzed in isolation. This association was independent of functional 5-HTTLPR allelic variation. In addition, negative correlative data showed that CpG10-associated 5-HTT availability determines levels of reward sensitivity in obesity. Together, our findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms rather than 5-HTTLPR alone influence in vivo 5-HTT availability, predominantly in regions having a critical role in reward processing, and this might have an impact on the progression of the obese phenotype.
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Martin AM, Young RL, Leong L, Rogers GB, Spencer NJ, Jessup CF, Keating DJ. The Diverse Metabolic Roles of Peripheral Serotonin. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1049-1063. [PMID: 28323941 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is a multifunctional bioamine with important signaling roles in a range of physiological pathways. Almost all of the 5-HT in our bodies is synthesized in specialized enteroendocrine cells within the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa called enterochromaffin (EC) cells. These cells provide all of our circulating 5-HT. We have long appreciated the important contributions of 5-HT within the gut, including its role in modulating GI motility. However, evidence of the physiological and clinical significance of gut-derived 5-HT outside of the gut has recently emerged, implicating 5-HT in regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, bone density, and diseases associated with metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although a new picture has developed in the last decade regarding the various metabolic roles of peripheral serotonin, so too has our understanding of the physiology of EC cells. Given that they are scattered throughout the lining of the GI tract within the epithelial cell layer, these cells are typically difficult to study. Advances in isolation procedures now allow the study of pure EC-cell cultures and single cells, enabling studies of EC-cell physiology to occur. EC cells are sensory cells that are capable of integrating cues from ingested nutrients, the enteric nervous system, and the gut microbiome. Thus, levels of peripheral 5-HT can be modulated by a multitude of factors, resulting in both local and systemic effects for the regulation of a raft of physiological pathways related to metabolism and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce M Martin
- Discipline of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Richard L Young
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Lex Leong
- Infection and Immunity, SAHMRI, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Infection and Immunity, SAHMRI, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Nick J Spencer
- Discipline of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Claire F Jessup
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Discipline of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5001, Australia
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28
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Hankir MK, Patt M, Patt JTW, Becker GA, Rullmann M, Kranz M, Deuther-Conrad W, Schischke K, Seyfried F, Brust P, Hesse S, Sabri O, Krügel U, Fenske WK. Suppressed Fat Appetite after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Associates with Reduced Brain μ-opioid Receptor Availability in Diet-Induced Obese Male Rats. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:620. [PMID: 28133443 PMCID: PMC5233681 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain μ-opioid receptors (MORs) stimulate high-fat (HF) feeding and have been implicated in the distinct long term outcomes on body weight of bariatric surgery and dieting. Whether alterations in fat appetite specifically following these disparate weight loss interventions relate to changes in brain MOR signaling is unknown. To address this issue, diet-induced obese male rats underwent either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sham surgeries. Postoperatively, animals were placed on a two-choice diet consisting of low-fat (LF) and HF food and sham-operated rats were further split into ad libitum fed (Sham-LF/HF) and body weight-matched (Sham-BWM) to RYGB groups. An additional set of sham-operated rats always only on a LF diet (Sham-LF) served as lean controls, making four experimental groups in total. Corresponding to a stage of weight loss maintenance for RYGB rats, two-bottle fat preference tests in conjunction with small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies with the selective MOR radioligand [11C]carfentanil were performed. Brains were subsequently collected and MOR protein levels in the hypothalamus, striatum, prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex were analyzed by Western Blot. We found that only the RYGB group presented with intervention-specific changes: having markedly suppressed intake and preference for high concentration fat emulsions, a widespread reduction in [11C]carfentanil binding potential (reflecting MOR availability) in various brain regions, and a downregulation of striatal and prefrontal MOR protein levels compared to the remaining groups. These findings suggest that the suppressed fat appetite caused by RYGB surgery is due to reduced brain MOR signaling, which may contribute to sustained weight loss unlike the case for dieting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Hankir
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg T W Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg A Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research Site Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Schischke
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General and Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research Site Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf-Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke K Fenske
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Central noradrenaline transporter availability in highly obese, non-depressed individuals. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:1056-1064. [PMID: 28066877 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The brain noradrenaline (NA) system plays an important role in the central nervous control of energy balance and is thus implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. The specific processes modulated by this neurotransmitter which lead to obesity and overeating are still a matter of debate. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that in vivo NA transporter (NAT) availability is changed in obesity by using positron emission tomography (PET) and S,S-[11C]O-methylreboxetine (MRB) in twenty subjects comprising ten highly obese (body mass index BMI > 35 kg/m2), metabolically healthy, non-depressed individuals and ten non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) healthy controls. RESULTS Overall, we found no significant differences in binding potential (BPND) values between obese and non-obese individuals in the investigated brain regions, including the NAT-rich thalamus (0.40 ± 0.14 vs. 0.41 ± 0.18; p = 0.84) though additional discriminant analysis correctly identified individual group affiliation based on regional BPND in all but one (control) case. Furthermore, inter-regional correlation analyses indicated different BPND patterns between both groups but this did not survive testing for multiple comparions. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not find an overall involvement of NAT changes in human obesity. However, preliminary secondary findings of distinct regional and associative patterns warrant further investigation.
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30
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Zientek F, Winter K, Müller A, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Bresch A, Patt M, Sabri O, Hilbert A, Hesse S. Effortful control as a dimension of temperament is negatively associated with prefrontal serotonin transporter availability in obese and non-obese individuals. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2460-2466. [PMID: 27519298 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that temperamental factors are associated with obesity; however, the biological mechanism of such association remains elusive. We aimed to investigate a possible association between serotonin transmission and regulative temperament in obese and non-obese individuals by using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of serotonin transporters (SERT) and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Twenty-nine obese individuals with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 and 13 non-obese controls (BMI < 30 kg/m2 ) underwent PET with [11 C]-labeled DASB (highly selective for SERT) and self-completed the Effortful Control (EC) scale of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire-Short Form (ATQ). With the help of this questionnaire, we aimed to assess the capacity of self-regulation. Overall, for obese and non-obese individuals together, VOI-based (volume of interest) analysis showed significant negative correlations between SERT BPND and ATQ-EC AC (Activation Control) subscale in several brain regions (all r ≤ -0.47). Obese and non-obese individuals separated showed equally strong positive, but non-significant correlations. The analysis did not reveal any significant correlations of SERT availability and ATQ-EC IC (Inhibitory Control) or ATQ-EC AtC (Attentional Control) subscale within and between the two groups. The results indicate that regulative temperament - particularly the capacity to mitigate negatively toned impulses and to resist inappropriate avoidance behavior - might be associated with the prefrontal serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Zientek
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karsten Winter
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg-Alexander Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Schlögl H, Horstmann A, Villringer A, Stumvoll M. Functional neuroimaging in obesity and the potential for development of novel treatments. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:695-705. [PMID: 26838265 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, exciting progress has been made in understanding the role of the CNS in controlling eating behaviour and in the development of overeating. Regions and networks of the human brain involved in eating behaviour and appetite control have been identified with neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI, PET, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography. Hormones that regulate our drive to eat (eg, leptin, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1) can affect brain function. Defects in central hunger signalling are present in many pathologies. On the basis of an understanding of brain mechanisms that lead to overeating, powerful neuroimaging protocols could be a future clinical approach to allow individually tailored treatment options for patients with obesity. The aim of our Review is to provide an overview of neuroimaging approaches for obesity (ie, neuroimaging study design, questions which can be answered by neuroimaging, and limitations of neuroimaging techniques), examine current models of central nervous processes regulating eating behaviour, summarise and review important neuroimaging studies investigating therapeutic approaches to treat obesity or to control eating behaviour, and to provide a perspective on how neuroimaging might lead to new therapeutic approaches to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Schlögl
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Ganz M, Kondermann D, Andrulis J, Knudsen GM, Maier-Hein L. Crowdsourcing for error detection in cortical surface delineations. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2016. [PMID: 27350057 DOI: 10.1007/s11548‐016‐1445‐9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the recent trend toward big data analysis, neuroimaging datasets have grown substantially in the past years. While larger datasets potentially offer important insights for medical research, one major bottleneck is the requirement for resources of medical experts needed to validate automatic processing results. To address this issue, the goal of this paper was to assess whether anonymous nonexperts from an online community can perform quality control of MR-based cortical surface delineations derived by an automatic algorithm. METHODS So-called knowledge workers from an online crowdsourcing platform were asked to annotate errors in automatic cortical surface delineations on 100 central, coronal slices of MR images. RESULTS On average, annotations for 100 images were obtained in less than an hour. When using expert annotations as reference, the crowd on average achieves a sensitivity of 82 % and a precision of 42 %. Merging multiple annotations per image significantly improves the sensitivity of the crowd (up to 95 %), but leads to a decrease in precision (as low as 22 %). CONCLUSION Our experiments show that the detection of errors in automatic cortical surface delineations generated by anonymous untrained workers is feasible. Future work will focus on increasing the sensitivity of our method further, such that the error detection tasks can be handled exclusively by the crowd and expert resources can be focused on error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Jonas Andrulis
- Pallas Ludens GmbH, Im Bosseldorn 29, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Maier-Hein
- Computer-assisted Interventions, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Crowdsourcing for error detection in cortical surface delineations. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2016; 12:161-166. [PMID: 27350057 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-016-1445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the recent trend toward big data analysis, neuroimaging datasets have grown substantially in the past years. While larger datasets potentially offer important insights for medical research, one major bottleneck is the requirement for resources of medical experts needed to validate automatic processing results. To address this issue, the goal of this paper was to assess whether anonymous nonexperts from an online community can perform quality control of MR-based cortical surface delineations derived by an automatic algorithm. METHODS So-called knowledge workers from an online crowdsourcing platform were asked to annotate errors in automatic cortical surface delineations on 100 central, coronal slices of MR images. RESULTS On average, annotations for 100 images were obtained in less than an hour. When using expert annotations as reference, the crowd on average achieves a sensitivity of 82 % and a precision of 42 %. Merging multiple annotations per image significantly improves the sensitivity of the crowd (up to 95 %), but leads to a decrease in precision (as low as 22 %). CONCLUSION Our experiments show that the detection of errors in automatic cortical surface delineations generated by anonymous untrained workers is feasible. Future work will focus on increasing the sensitivity of our method further, such that the error detection tasks can be handled exclusively by the crowd and expert resources can be focused on error correction.
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Melasch J, Rullmann M, Hilbert A, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Patt M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Villringer A, Arelin K, Meyer PM, Bresch A, Sabri O, Hesse S, Pleger B. Sex differences in serotonin-hypothalamic connections underpin a diminished sense of emotional well-being with increasing body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1268-77. [PMID: 27102051 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The neurobiological mechanisms linking obesity to emotional distress related to weight remain largely unknown. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS Here we combined positron emission tomography, using the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) radiotracer [(11)C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile, with functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite questionnaire (IWQOL-Lite) to investigate the role of central serotonin in the severity of depression (BDI-II), as well as in the loss of emotional well-being with body weight (IWQOL-Lite). RESULTS In a group of lean to morbidly obese individuals (n=28), we found sex differences in the 5-HTT availability-related connectivity of the hypothalamus. Males (n=11) presented a strengthened connectivity to the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, whereas in females (n=17) we found strengethened projections to the ventral striatum. Both regions are known as reward regions involved in mediating the emotional response to food. Their resting-state activity correlated positively to the body mass index (BMI) and IWQOL-Lite scores, suggesting that each region in both sexes also underpins a diminished sense of emotional well-being with body weight. Contrarily to males, we found that in females also the BDI-II positively correlated with the BMI and by trend with the activity in ventral striatum, suggesting that in females an increased body weight may convey to other mood dimensions than those weight-related ones included in the IWQOL-Lite. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests sex differences in serotonin-hypothalamic connections to brain regions of the reward circuitry underpinning a diminished sense of emotional well-being with an increasing body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melasch
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Rullmann
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Hilbert
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G A Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Blüher
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Villringer
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Arelin
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Hesse
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Pleger
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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35
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Hinderberger P, Rullmann M, Drabe M, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Blüher M, Regenthal R, Sabri O, Hesse S. The effect of serum BDNF levels on central serotonin transporter availability in obese versus non-obese adults: A [(11)C]DASB positron emission tomography study. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:530-536. [PMID: 27108933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-HT) and its neurotrophic support system, specifically brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are thought to modulate energy homeostasis and susceptibility to obesity. Moreover, a polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the serotonin reuptake transporter (5-HTT) gene impairs its transcription, thereby altering serotonergic tone and potentially contributing to such susceptibility. This study aims to investigate the effect of BDNF, biallelic 5-HTTLPR, and central in-vivo 5-HTT availability in highly obese versus non-obese subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) and 5-HTT selective [(11)C]DASB. METHODS Thirty-eight subjects, 24 obese, otherwise mentally and physically healthy, and 14 non-obese healthy controls were included in this study. Parametric images of binding potential were generated from PET data. Central 5-HTT availability, 5-HTTLPR genotype, and serum BDNF concentrations were analyzed, first in a volume of interest, then in a voxel-wise manner. RESULTS Overall, our results showed an absence of a linear correlation between BDNF, in-vivo central 5-HTT availability, and body mass index (BMI). 5-HTTLPR genotyping revealed BDNF and hippocampal 5-HTT availability to be negatively correlated (r = -0.57, p = 0.007) in long allelic homozygotes. However, obese subjects exhibited opposing effects of BDNF levels on 5-HTT availability in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) relative to our non-obese controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data did not confirm an overall correlation between serum BDNF, in-vivo central 5-HTT availability, 5-HTTLPR, and BMI. However, there is evidence that serotonergic tone linked to BDNF, specifically in the NAcc, is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, although this needs further exploration over a wide range of reward-related eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hinderberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Drabe
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Blüher
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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36
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Hesse S, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Winter K, Hankir MK, Becker GA, Zientek F, Reissig G, Regenthal R, Drabe M, Schinke C, Bresch A, Arelin K, Lobsien D, Patt M, Meyer PM, Fasshauer M, Fenske WK, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Sabri O. Central serotonin transporter availability in highly obese individuals compared with non-obese controls: A [(11)C] DASB positron emission tomography study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 43:1096-104. [PMID: 26577939 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of the central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system in feeding has been extensively studied in animals with the 5-HT family of transporters (5-HTT) being identified as key molecules in the regulation of satiety and body weight. Aberrant 5-HT transmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human obesity by in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques. However, results obtained thus far from studies of central 5-HTT availability have been inconsistent, which is thought to be brought about mainly by the low number of individuals with a high body mass index (BMI) previously used. The aim of this study was therefore to assess 5-HTT availability in the brains of highly obese otherwise healthy individuals compared with non-obese healthy controls. METHODS We performed PET using the 5-HTT selective radiotracer [(11)C] DASB on 30 highly obese (BMI range between 35 and 55 kg/m(2)) and 15 age- and sex-matched non-obese volunteers (BMI range between 19 and 27 kg/m(2)) in a cross-sectional study design. The 5-HTT binding potential (BPND) was used as the outcome parameter. RESULTS On a group level, there was no significant difference in 5-HTT BPND in various cortical and subcortical regions in individuals with the highest BMI compared with non-obese controls, while statistical models showed minor effects of age, sex, and the degree of depression on 5-HTT BPND. CONCLUSION The overall finding of a lack of significantly altered 5-HTT availability together with its high variance in obese individuals justifies the investigation of individual behavioral responses to external and internal cues which may further define distinct phenotypes and subgroups in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammed K Hankir
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg-Alexander Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Zientek
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Reissig
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Drabe
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anke Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Arelin
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Donald Lobsien
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke K Fenske
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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37
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Knudsen GM, Jensen PS, Erritzoe D, Baaré WFC, Ettrup A, Fisher PM, Gillings N, Hansen HD, Hansen LK, Hasselbalch SG, Henningsson S, Herth MM, Holst KK, Iversen P, Kessing LV, Macoveanu J, Madsen KS, Mortensen EL, Nielsen FÅ, Paulson OB, Siebner HR, Stenbæk DS, Svarer C, Jernigan TL, Strother SC, Frokjaer VG. The Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi) database. Neuroimage 2015; 124:1213-1219. [PMID: 25891375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We here describe a multimodality neuroimaging containing data from healthy volunteers and patients, acquired within the Lundbeck Foundation Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi) in Copenhagen, Denmark. The data is of particular relevance for neurobiological research questions related to the serotonergic transmitter system with its normative data on the serotonergic subtype receptors 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT4 and the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), but can easily serve other purposes. The Cimbi database and Cimbi biobank were formally established in 2008 with the purpose to store the wealth of Cimbi-acquired data in a highly structured and standardized manner in accordance with the regulations issued by the Danish Data Protection Agency as well as to provide a quality-controlled resource for future hypothesis-generating and hypothesis-driven studies. The Cimbi database currently comprises a total of 1100 PET and 1000 structural and functional MRI scans and it holds a multitude of additional data, such as genetic and biochemical data, and scores from 17 self-reported questionnaires and from 11 neuropsychological paper/computer tests. The database associated Cimbi biobank currently contains blood and in some instances saliva samples from about 500 healthy volunteers and 300 patients with e.g., major depression, dementia, substance abuse, obesity, and impulsive aggression. Data continue to be added to the Cimbi database and biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte M Knudsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Peter S Jensen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Erritzoe
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anders Ettrup
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nic Gillings
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Kai Hansen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Henningsson
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus K Holst
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Iversen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julian Macoveanu
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Årup Nielsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbæk
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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