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Min H, Lucky AB, Madsen JJ, Chim-Ong A, Li X, Cui L, Miao J. Onametostat, a PfPRMT5 inhibitor, exhibits antimalarial activity to Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0017624. [PMID: 39194263 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00176-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) play critical roles in Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan causing the deadliest form of malaria, making them potential targets for novel antimalarial drugs. Here, we screened 11 novel PRMT inhibitors against P. falciparum asexual growth and found that onametostat, an inhibitor for type II PRMTs, exhibited strong antimalarial activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.69 ± 0.04 µM. In vitro methyltransferase activities of purified PfPRMT5 were inhibited by onametostat, and a shift of IC50 to onametostat was found in the PfPRTM5 disruptant parasite line, indicating that PfPRTM5 is the primary target of onametostat. Consistent with the function of PfPRMT5 in mediating symmetric dimethylation of histone H3R2 (H3R2me2s) and in regulating invasion-related genes, onametostat treatment led to the reduction of H3R2me2s level in P. falciparum and caused the defects on the parasite's invasion of red blood cells. This study provides a starting point for identifying specific PRMT inhibitors with the potential to serve as novel antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Amuza Byaruhanga Lucky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jesper J Madsen
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anongruk Chim-Ong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Duan S, Yang Q, Wu F, Li Z, Hong W, Cao M, Chen X, Zhong X, Zhou Q, Zhao H. Maternal methylosome protein 50 is essential for embryonic development in medaka Oryzias latipes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:798-810. [PMID: 38654580 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Methylosome protein 50 (Mep50) is a protein that is rich in WD40 domains, which mediate and regulate a variety of physiological processes in organisms. Previous studies indicated the necessity of Mep50 in embryogenesis in mice Mus musculus and fish. This study aimed to further understand the roles of maternal Mep50 in early embryogenesis using medaka Oryzias latipes as a model. Without maternal Mep50, medaka zygotes developed to the pre-early gastrula stage but died later. The transcriptome of the embryos at the pre-early gastrula stage was analyzed by RNA sequencing. The results indicated that 1572 genes were significantly upregulated and 741 genes were significantly downregulated in the embryos without maternal Mep50. In the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the DNA-binding proteins, such as histones and members of the small chromosome maintenance complex, were enriched. The major interfered regulatory networks in the embryos losing maternal Mep50 included DNA replication and cell cycle regulation, AP-1 transcription factors such as Jun and Fos, the Wnt pathway, RNA processing, and the extracellular matrix. Quantitative RT-PCR verified 16 DEGs, including prmt5, H2A, cpsf, jun, mcm4, myc, p21, ccne2, cdk6, and col1, among others. It was speculated that the absence of maternal Mep50 could potentially lead to errors in DNA replication and cell cycle arrest, ultimately resulting in cell apoptosis. This eventually resulted in the failure of gastrulation and embryonic death. The results indicate the importance of maternal Mep50 in early embryonic development, particularly in medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Yao Q, Yang Q, Li Z, Wu F, Duan S, Cao M, Chen X, Zhong X, Zhou Q, Zhao H. Methylosome protein 50 is necessary for oogenesis in medaka. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101220. [PMID: 38432104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Methylosome protein 50 (Mep50) functions as a partner to protein arginine methyltransferase 5. MEP50 serves as a coactivator for both the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in humans. Mep50 plays a crucial role in the development of germ cells in Drosophila. The precise role of Mep50 in oogenesis remains unclear in vertebrates. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Mep50 in oogenesis in medaka fish. Disruption of Mep50 resulted in impaired oogenesis and the formation of multiple oocyte follicles in medaka. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in the mutant ovary, with 4542 genes up-regulated and 1264 genes down-regulated. The regulated genes were found to be enriched in cellular matrices and ECM-receptor interaction, the Notch signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, and the Jak-Stat pathway, among others. In addition, the genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, steroid metabolism, and IGF system were impacted. Furthermore, the mutation of mep50 caused significant alterations in alternative splicing of pre-mRNA in ovarian cells. Quantitative RT-PCR results validated the findings from RNA-seq analysis in the specific genes, including akt2, map3k5, yap1, fshr, cyp17a, igf1, ythdc2, cdk6, and col1, among others. The findings of this study demonstrate that Mep50 plays a crucial role in oogenesis, participating in a diverse range of biological processes such as steroid metabolism, cell matrix regulation, and signal pathways. This may be achieved through the regulation of gene expression via mRNA splicing in medaka ovarian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiting Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xueping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Dillingham CM, Cormaty H, Morgan EC, Tak AI, Esgdaille DE, Boutz PL, Sridharan R. KDM3A and KDM3B Maintain Naïve Pluripotency Through the Regulation of Alternative Splicing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.31.543088. [PMID: 37398291 PMCID: PMC10312572 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifying enzymes play a central role in maintaining cell identity by establishing a conducive chromatin environment for lineage specific transcription factor activity. Pluripotent embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity is characterized by a lower abundance of gene repression associated histone modifications that enables rapid response to differentiation cues. The KDM3 family of histone demethylases removes the repressive histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2). Here we uncover a surprising role for the KDM3 proteins in the maintenance of the pluripotent state through post-transcriptional regulation. We find that KDM3A and KDM3B interact with RNA processing factors such as EFTUD2 and PRMT5. Acute selective degradation of the endogenous KDM3A and KDM3B proteins resulted in altered splicing independent of H3K9me2 status or catalytic activity. These splicing changes partially resemble the splicing pattern of the more blastocyst-like ground state of pluripotency and occurred in important chromatin and transcription factors such as Dnmt3b, Tbx3 and Tcf12. Our findings reveal non-canonical roles of histone demethylating enzymes in splicing to regulate cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Dillingham
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Harshini Cormaty
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ellen C Morgan
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Andrew I Tak
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dakarai E Esgdaille
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Paul L Boutz
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Rupa Sridharan
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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5
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Kumar D, Jain S, Coulter DW, Joshi SS, Chaturvedi NK. PRMT5 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in MYC-Amplified Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5855. [PMID: 38136401 PMCID: PMC10741595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC amplification or overexpression is most common in Group 3 medulloblastomas and is positively associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recently, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression has been shown to be associated with tumorigenic MYC functions in cancers, particularly in brain cancers such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. PRMT5 regulates oncogenes, including MYC, that are often deregulated in medulloblastomas. However, the role of PRMT5-mediated post-translational modification in the stabilization of these oncoproteins remains poorly understood. The potential impact of PRMT5 inhibition on MYC makes it an attractive target in various cancers. PRMT5 inhibitors are a promising class of anti-cancer drugs demonstrating preclinical and preliminary clinical efficacies. Here, we review the publicly available preclinical and clinical studies on PRMT5 targeting using small molecule inhibitors and discuss the prospects of using them in medulloblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Stuti Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Shantaram S. Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA;
| | - Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
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6
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Liu R, Yang Z, Yang T, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhu J, Ren A, Shi L, Yu H, Zhao M. PRMT5 regulates the polysaccharide content by controlling the splicing of thaumatin-like protein in Ganoderma lucidum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0290623. [PMID: 37882562 PMCID: PMC10715077 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02906-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE PRMT5 contributes to secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum. However, the mechanism through which PRMT5 regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites remains unclear. In the current study, PRMT5 silencing led to a significant decrease in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides from G. lucidum through the action of the alternative splicing of TLP. A shorter TLP2 isoform can directly bind to PGI and regulated polysaccharide biosynthesis. These results suggest that PRMT5 enhances PGI activity by regulating TLP binding to PGI. The results of the current study reveal a novel target gene for PRMT5-mediated alternative splicing and provide a reference for the identification of PRMT5 regulatory target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanshou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Li Q, Jiao J, Heng Y, Lu Q, Zheng Y, Li H, Cai J, Mei M, Bao S. Prmt5 promotes ciliated cell specification of airway epithelial progenitors via transcriptional inhibition of Tp63. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104964. [PMID: 37364687 PMCID: PMC10392137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelium of the pulmonary airway is composed of several distinct cell types that differentiate from common progenitor cells to provide defense against environmental insults. Epigenetic mechanisms regulating lineage differentiation of airway epithelial progenitors remain poorly understood. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) is a predominant type II arginine methyltransferase that methylates >85% of symmetric arginine residues. Here, we provide evidence for the function of Prmt5 in promoting ciliated cell fate specification of airway epithelial progenitors. We show that lung epithelial-specific deletion of Prmt5 resulted in a complete loss of ciliated cells, an increased number of basal cells, and ecotopic-expressed Tp63-Krt5+ putative cells in the proximal airway. We further identified that transcription factor Tp63 is a direct target of Prmt5, and Prmt5 inhibited Tp63 transcription expression through H4R3 symmetric dimethylation (H4R3sme2). Moreover, inhibition of Tp63 expression in Prmt5-deficient tracheal progenitors could partially restore the ciliated cell deficient phenotype. Together, our data support a model where Prmt5-mediated H4R3sme2 represses Tp63 expression to promote ciliated cell fate specification of airway progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Li
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Heng
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingshuang Lu
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Lucky AB, Wang C, Liu M, Liang X, Min H, Fan Q, Siddiqui FA, Adapa SR, Li X, Jiang RHY, Chen X, Cui L, Miao J. A type II protein arginine methyltransferase regulates merozoite invasion in Plasmodium falciparum. Commun Biol 2023; 6:659. [PMID: 37349497 PMCID: PMC10287762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) regulate many important cellular processes, such as transcription and RNA processing in model organisms but their functions in human malaria parasites are not elucidated. Here, we characterize PfPRMT5 in Plasmodium falciparum, which catalyzes symmetric dimethylation of histone H3 at R2 (H3R2me2s) and R8, and histone H4 at R3 in vitro. PfPRMT5 disruption results in asexual stage growth defects primarily due to lower invasion efficiency of the merozoites. Transcriptomic analysis reveals down-regulation of many transcripts related to invasion upon PfPRMT5 disruption, in agreement with H3R2me2s being an active chromatin mark. Genome-wide chromatin profiling detects extensive H3R2me2s marking of genes of different cellular processes, including invasion-related genes in wildtype parasites and PfPRMT5 disruption leads to the depletion of H3R2me2s. Interactome studies identify the association of PfPRMT5 with invasion-related transcriptional regulators such as AP2-I, BDP1, and GCN5. Furthermore, PfPRMT5 is associated with the RNA splicing machinery, and PfPRMT5 disruption caused substantial anomalies in RNA splicing events, including those for invasion-related genes. In summary, PfPRMT5 is critical for regulating parasite invasion and RNA splicing in this early-branching eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amuza Byaruhanga Lucky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chengqi Wang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qi Fan
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Faiza Amber Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Swamy Rakesh Adapa
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rays H Y Jiang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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9
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The Prmt5-Vasa module is essential for spermatogenesis in Bombyx mori. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010600. [PMID: 36634107 PMCID: PMC9876381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In lepidopteran insects, dichotomous spermatogenesis produces eupyrene spermatozoa, which are nucleated, and apyrene spermatozoa, which are anucleated. Both sperm morphs are essential for fertilization, as eupyrene sperm fertilize the egg, and apyrene sperm is necessary for the migration of eupyrene sperm. In Drosophila, Prmt5 acts as a type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the RNA helicase Vasa. Prmt5 is critical for the regulation of spermatogenesis, but Vasa is not. To date, functional genetic studies of spermatogenesis in the lepidopteran model Bombyx mori has been limited. In this study, we engineered mutations in BmPrmt5 and BmVasa through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. Both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa loss-of-function mutants had similar male and female sterility phenotypes. Through immunofluorescence staining analysis, we found that the morphs of sperm from both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa mutants have severe defects, indicating essential roles for both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Mass spectrometry results identified that R35, R54, and R56 of BmVasa were dimethylated in WT while unmethylated in BmPrmt5 mutants. RNA-seq analyses indicate that the defects in spermatogenesis in mutants resulted from reduced expression of the spermatogenesis-related genes, including BmSxl, implying that BmSxl acts downstream of BmPrmt5 and BmVasa to regulate apyrene sperm development. These findings indicate that BmPrmt5 and BmVasa constitute an integral regulatory module essential for spermatogenesis in B. mori.
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10
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Legrand JMD, Hobbs RM. Defining Gene Function in Spermatogonial Stem Cells Through Conditional Knockout Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2656:261-307. [PMID: 37249877 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3139-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian male fertility is maintained throughout life by a population of self-renewing mitotic germ cells known as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Much of our current understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying SSC activity is derived from studies using conditional knockout mouse models. Here, we provide a guide for the selection and use of mouse strains to develop conditional knockout models for the study of SSCs, as well as their precursors and differentiation-committed progeny. We describe Cre recombinase-expressing strains, breeding strategies to generate experimental groups, and treatment regimens for inducible knockout models and provide advice for verifying and improving conditional knockout efficiency. This resource can be beneficial to those aiming to develop conditional knockout models for the study of SSC development and postnatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien M D Legrand
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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11
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Fu S, Zheng Q, Zhang D, Lin C, Ouyang L, Zhang J, Chen L. Medicinal chemistry strategies targeting PRMT5 for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Li C, Feng Y, Fu Z, Deng J, Gu Y, Wang H, Wu X, Huang Z, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Huang M, Wang T, Hu S, Yao B, Zeng Y, Zhou CJ, Brown SDM, Liu Y, Vidal-Puig A, Dong Y, Xu Y. Human-specific gene CT47 blocks PRMT5 degradation to lead to meiosis arrest. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:345. [PMID: 35918318 PMCID: PMC9345867 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the functions of human-specific genes (HSGs) is challenging due to the lack of a tractable genetic model system. Testosterone is essential for maintaining human spermatogenesis and fertility, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we identified Cancer/Testis Antigen gene family 47 (CT47) as an essential regulator of human-specific spermatogenesis by stabilizing arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). A humanized mouse model revealed that CT47 functions to arrest spermatogenesis by interacting with and regulating CT47/PRMT5 accumulation in the nucleus during the leptotene/zygotene-to-pachytene transition of meiosis. We demonstrate that testosterone induces nuclear depletion of CT47/PRMT5 and rescues leptotene-arrested spermatocyte progression in humanized testes. Loss of CT47 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by CRISPR/Cas9 led to an increase in haploid cells but blocked the testosterone-induced increase in haploid cells when hESCs were differentiated into haploid spermatogenic cells. Moreover, CT47 levels were decreased in nonobstructive azoospermia. Together, these results established CT47 as a crucial regulator of human spermatogenesis by preventing meiosis initiation before the testosterone surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuming Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Zhenxin Fu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Junjie Deng
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hanben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (SKLRM), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (SKLRM), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Zhengyun Huang
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Moli Huang
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Yizhun Zeng
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Medical Research Council (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, UK
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yingying Dong
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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13
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Sex-specific chromatin remodelling safeguards transcription in germ cells. Nature 2021; 600:737-742. [PMID: 34880491 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stability of the epigenetic landscape underpins maintenance of the cell-type-specific transcriptional profile. As one of the main repressive epigenetic systems, DNA methylation has been shown to be important for long-term gene silencing; its loss leads to ectopic and aberrant transcription in differentiated cells and cancer1. The developing mouse germ line endures global changes in DNA methylation in the absence of widespread transcriptional activation. Here, using an ultra-low-input native chromatin immunoprecipitation approach, we show that following DNA demethylation the gonadal primordial germ cells undergo remodelling of repressive histone modifications, resulting in a sex-specific signature in mice. We further demonstrate that Polycomb has a central role in transcriptional control in the newly hypomethylated germline genome as the genetic loss of Ezh2 leads to aberrant transcriptional activation, retrotransposon derepression and dramatic loss of developing female germ cells. This sex-specific effect of Ezh2 deletion is explained by the distinct landscape of repressive modifications observed in male and female germ cells. Overall, our study provides insight into the dynamic interplay between repressive chromatin modifications in the context of a developmental reprogramming system.
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14
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Ramakrishna NB, Murison K, Miska EA, Leitch HG. Epigenetic Regulation during Primordial Germ Cell Development and Differentiation. Sex Dev 2021; 15:411-431. [PMID: 34847550 DOI: 10.1159/000520412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline development varies significantly across metazoans. However, mammalian primordial germ cell (PGC) development has key conserved landmarks, including a critical period of epigenetic reprogramming that precedes sex-specific differentiation and gametogenesis. Epigenetic alterations in the germline are of unique importance due to their potential to impact the next generation. Therefore, regulation of, and by, the non-coding genome is of utmost importance during these epigenomic events. Here, we detail the key chromatin changes that occur during mammalian PGC development and how these interact with the expression of non-coding RNAs alongside broader epitranscriptomic changes. We identify gaps in our current knowledge, in particular regarding epigenetic regulation in the human germline, and we highlight important areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin B Ramakrishna
- Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keir Murison
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric A Miska
- Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harry G Leitch
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Chen M, Dong F, Chen M, Shen Z, Wu H, Cen C, Cui X, Bao S, Gao F. PRMT5 regulates ovarian follicle development by facilitating Wt1 translation. eLife 2021; 10:68930. [PMID: 34448450 PMCID: PMC8483736 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) is the major type II enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine. Here, we found that PRMT5 was expressed at high level in ovarian granulosa cells of growing follicles. Inactivation of Prmt5 in granulosa cells resulted in aberrant follicle development and female infertility. In Prmt5-knockout mice, follicle development was arrested with disorganized granulosa cells in which WT1 expression was dramatically reduced and the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes was significantly increased. The premature differentiated granulosa cells were detached from oocytes and follicle structure was disrupted. Mechanism studies revealed that Wt1 expression was regulated by PRMT5 at the protein level. PRMT5 facilitated IRES-dependent translation of Wt1 mRNA by methylating HnRNPA1. Moreover, the upregulation of steroidogenic genes in Prmt5-deficient granulosa cells was repressed by Wt1 overexpression. These results demonstrate that PRMT5 participates in granulosa cell lineage maintenance by inducing Wt1 expression. Our study uncovers a new role of post-translational arginine methylation in granulosa cell differentiation and follicle development. Infertility in women can be caused by many factors, such as defects in the ovaries. An important part of the ovaries for fertility are internal structures called follicles, which house early forms of egg cells. A follicle grows and develops until the egg is finally released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where the egg can then be fertilised. In the follicle, an egg is surrounded by other types of cells, such as granulosa cells. The egg and neighbouring cells must maintain healthy contacts with each other, otherwise the follicle can stop growing and developing, potentially causing infertility. The development of a follicle depends on an array of proteins. For example, the transcription factor WT1 controls protein levels by activating other genes and their proteins and is produced in high numbers by granulosa cells at the beginning of follicle development. Although WT1 levels dip towards the later stages of follicle development, insufficient levels can lead to defects. So far, it has been unclear how levels of WT1in granulose cells are regulated. Chen, Dong et al. studied mouse follicles to reveal more about the role of WT1 in follicle development. The researchers measured protein levels in mouse granulosa cells as the follicles developed, and discovered elevated levels of PRMT5, a protein needed for egg cells to form and survive in the follicles. Blocking granulosa cells from producing PRMT5 led to abnormal follicles and infertility in mice. Moreover, mice that had been engineered to lack PRMT5 developed abnormal follicles, where the egg and surrounding granulosa cells were not attached to each other, and the granulosa cells had low levels of WT1. Further experiments revealed that PRMT5 controlled WT1 levels by adding small molecules called methyl groups to another regulatory protein called HnRNPA1. The addition of methyl groups to genes or their proteins is an important modification that takes place in many processes within a cell. Chen, Dong et al. reveal that this activity also plays a key role in maintaining healthy follicle development in mice, and that PRMT5 is necessary for controlling WT1. Identifying all of the intricate mechanism involved in regulating follicle development is important for finding ways to combat infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changhuo Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Dong F, Chen M, Chen M, Jiang L, Shen Z, Ma L, Han C, Guo X, Gao F. PRMT5 Is Involved in Spermatogonial Stem Cells Maintenance by Regulating Plzf Expression via Modulation of Lysine Histone Modifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673258. [PMID: 34113620 PMCID: PMC8185031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes the formation of mono- or symmetric dimethylarginine residues on histones and non-histone substrates and has been demonstrated to play important roles in many biological processes. In the present study, we observed that PRMT5 is abundantly expressed in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and that Prmt5 deletion results in a progressive loss of SSCs and male infertility. The proliferation of Prmt5-deficient SSCs cultured in vitro exhibited abnormal proliferation, cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and a significant increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, PLZF expression was dramatically reduced in Prmt5-deficient SSCs, and the levels of H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 were increased in the proximal promoter region of the Plzf gene in Prmt5-deficient SSCs. Further study revealed that the expression of lysine demethylases (JMJD1A, JMJD1B, JMJD1C, and KDM6B) was significantly reduced in Prmt5-deficient SSCs and that the level of permissive arginine methylation H3R2me2s was significantly decreased at the upstream promoter region of these genes in Prmt5-deficient SSCs. Our results demonstrate that PRMT5 regulates spermatogonial stem cell development by modulating histone H3 lysine modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhiming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Du G, Oatley MJ, Law NC, Robbins C, Wu X, Oatley JM. Proper timing of a quiescence period in precursor prospermatogonia is required for stem cell pool establishment in the male germline. Development 2021; 148:261737. [PMID: 33929507 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell-containing undifferentiated spermatogonial population in mammals, which ensures continual sperm production, arises during development from prospermatogonial precursors. Although a period of quiescence is known to occur in prospermatogonia prior to postnatal spermatogonial transition, the importance of this has not been defined. Here, using mouse models with conditional knockout of the master cell cycle regulator Rb1 to disrupt normal timing of the quiescence period, we found that failure to initiate mitotic arrest during fetal development leads to prospermatogonial apoptosis and germline ablation. Outcomes of single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicate that oxidative phosphorylation activity and inhibition of meiotic initiation are disrupted in prospermatogonia that fail to enter quiescence on a normal timeline. Taken together, these findings suggest that key layers of programming are laid down during the quiescent period in prospermatogonia to ensure proper fate specification and fitness in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Melissa J Oatley
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Nathan C Law
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Colton Robbins
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jon M Oatley
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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18
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Yuan Y, Nie H. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5: a potential cancer therapeutic target. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:33-44. [PMID: 33469838 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRMT5 is a type II protein arginine methyltransferase that methylates histone or non-histone proteins. Arginine methylation by PRMT5 has been implicated in gene transcription, ribosome biogenesis, RNA transport, pre-mRNA splicing and signal transduction. High expression of PRMT5 has been observed in various cancers and PRMT5 overexpression has been reported to improve cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration and metabolism and to inhibit cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, PRMT5 has been found to be required for cancer stem cell survival, self-renewal and differentiation. Several microRNAs have been shown to regulate PRMT5 expression. As PRMT5 has oncogene-like properties, several PRMT5 inhibitors have been used to explore their efficacy as potential drugs for different types of cancer, and three of them are now being tested in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of PRMT5 in cancer development and progression, including its functions and underlying mechanisms. In addition, we highlight the rapid development of PRMT5 inhibitors and summarize ongoing clinical trials for cancer therapy. By affecting both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, PRMT5 inhibitors may serve as effective anti-cancer agents, especially when combined with immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Jarrold J, Davies CC. PRMTs and Arginine Methylation: Cancer's Best-Kept Secret? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:993-1009. [PMID: 31230909 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is vital for increasing proteome diversity and maintaining cellular homeostasis. If the writing, reading, and removal of modifications are not controlled, cancer can develop. Arginine methylation is an understudied modification that is increasingly associated with cancer progression. Consequently protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), the writers of arginine methylation, have rapidly gained interest as novel drug targets. However, for clinical success a deep mechanistic understanding of the biology of PRMTs is required. In this review we focus on advances made regarding the role of PRMTs in stem cell biology, epigenetics, splicing, immune surveillance and the DNA damage response, and highlight the rapid rise of specific inhibitors that are now in clinical trials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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20
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Zhu J, Zhang D, Liu X, Yu G, Cai X, Xu C, Rong F, Ouyang G, Wang J, Xiao W. Zebrafish prmt5 arginine methyltransferase is essential for germ cell development. Development 2019; 146:dev.179572. [PMID: 31533925 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5), a type II arginine methyltransferase, symmetrically dimethylates arginine in nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Prmt5 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, cellular differentiation, germ cell development and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms by which prmt5 influences cellular processes have remained unclear. Here, prmt5 loss in zebrafish led to the expression of an infertile male phenotype due to a reduction in germ cell number, an increase in germ cell apoptosis and the failure of gonads to differentiate into normal testes or ovaries. Moreover, arginine methylation of the germ cell-specific proteins Zili and Vasa, as well as histones H3 (H3R8me2s) and H4 (H4R3me2s), was reduced in the gonads of prmt5-null zebrafish. This resulted in the downregulation of several Piwi pathway proteins, including Zili, and Vasa. In addition, various genes related to meiosis, gonad development and sexual differentiation were dysregulated in the gonads of prmt5-null zebrafish. Our results revealed a novel mechanism associated with prmt5, i.e. prmt5 apparently controls germ cell development in vertebrates by catalyzing arginine methylation of the germline-specific proteins Zili and Vasa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjing Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,The Key of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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21
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Zhu M, Xu Y, Wang H, Shen Z, Xie Z, Chen F, Gao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Li X, Yu J, Luo H, Wang K. Heroin Abuse Results in Shifted RNA Expression to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Attenuation of TNFα Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9231. [PMID: 29915338 PMCID: PMC6006288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of heroin results in the induction of physical dependence, which is characterized as a behavioral state of compulsive drug seeking and a high rate of relapse even after periods of abstinence. However, few studies have been dedicated to characterization of the long-term alterations in heroin-dependent patients (HDPs). Herein, we examined the peripheral blood from 810 HDPs versus 500 healthy controls (HCs) according to the inclusion criteria. Compared with the control group, significant decreases of albumin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were identified in HDPs (P < 0.001) versus HCs coupled with an insignificant decrease in BMI. Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing analyses were performed on blood of 16 long-term HDPs and 25 HCs. The results showed that the TNFα signaling pathway and hematopoiesis related genes were inhibited in HDPs. We further compared the transcriptome data to those of SCA2 and posttraumatic stress disorder patients, identified neurodegenerative diseases related genes were commonly up-regulated in coupled with biological processes "vesicle transport", "mitochondria" and "splicing". Genes in the categories of "protein ubiquitination" were down-regulated indicating potential biochemical alterations shared by all three comparative to their controls. In summary, this is a leading study performing a series of through investigations and using delicate approaches. Results from this study would benefit the study of drug addiction overall and link long-term heroin abuse to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongwen Shen
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhong Gao
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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22
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Blanc RS, Richard S. Arginine Methylation: The Coming of Age. Mol Cell 2017; 65:8-24. [PMID: 28061334 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification functioning as an epigenetic regulator of transcription and playing key roles in pre-mRNA splicing, DNA damage signaling, mRNA translation, cell signaling, and cell fate decision. Recently, a wealth of studies using transgenic mouse models and selective PRMT inhibitors helped define physiological roles for protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) linking them to diseases such as cancer and metabolic, neurodegenerative, and muscular disorders. This review describes the recent molecular advances that have been uncovered in normal and diseased mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo S Blanc
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada.
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23
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Hirota K, Shigekawa C, Araoi S, Sha L, Inagawa T, Kanou A, Kako K, Daitoku H, Fukamizu A. Simultaneous ablation of prmt-1 and prmt-5 abolishes asymmetric and symmetric arginine dimethylations in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biochem 2017; 161:521-527. [PMID: 28158808 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to arginine residues and are classified into two types: type I producing asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and type II producing symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). PRMTs have been shown to regulate many cellular processes, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and RNA processing. Since the loss-of-function mutation of PRMT1 and PRMT5, each of which is the predominant type I and II, respectively, causes embryonic lethality in mice, their physiological significance at the whole-body level remains largely unknown. Here, we show the morphological and functional phenotypes of single or double null alleles of prmt-1 and prmt-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans. The prmt-1;prmt-5 double mutants are viable, and exhibit short body length and small brood size compared to N2 and each of the single mutants. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the levels of ADMA and SDMA were abolished in the prmt-1;prmt-5 double mutants. Both prmt-1 and prmt-5 were required for resistance to heat and oxidative stresses, whereas prmt-5 is not involved in lifespan regulation even when prmt-1 is ablated. This mutant strain would be a useful model animal for investigating the role of asymmetric and symmetric arginine dimethylation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hirota
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences
| | - Chihiro Shigekawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Master's Program in Medical Sciences
| | - Sho Araoi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences
| | - Liang Sha
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors
| | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Daitoku
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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24
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Abstract
The organization of the chromatin structure is essential for maintaining cell-type-specific gene expression and therefore for cell identity. This structure is highly dynamic and is regulated by a large number of chromatin-associated proteins that are required for normal development and differentiation. Recurrent somatic mutations have been found with high frequency in genes coding for chromatin-associated proteins in cancer, and several of these are required for cancer maintenance. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of chromatin-associated proteins in transcription, development, and cancer. Specifically, we focus on selected examples of proteins belonging to the histone methyltransferase, histone demethylase, or bromodomain families, for which specific small molecule inhibitors have been developed and are in either preclinical or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC),
- Centre for Epigenetics, and
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology,
- Drug Development Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
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25
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Akpınar M, Lesche M, Fanourgakis G, Fu J, Anasstasiadis K, Dahl A, Jessberger R. TDRD6 mediates early steps of spliceosome maturation in primary spermatocytes. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006660. [PMID: 28263986 PMCID: PMC5358835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor containing protein 6 (TDRD6) is a male germ line-specific protein essential for chromatoid body (ChB) structure, elongated spermatid development and male fertility. Here we show that in meiotic prophase I spermatocytes TDRD6 interacts with the key protein arginine methyl transferase PRMT5, which supports splicing. TDRD6 also associates with spliceosomal core protein SmB in the absence of RNA and in an arginine methylation dependent manner. In Tdrd6-/- diplotene spermatocytes PRMT5 association with SmB and arginine dimethylation of SmB are much reduced. TDRD6 deficiency impairs the assembly of spliceosomes, which feature 3.5-fold increased levels of U5 snRNPs. In the nucleus, these deficiencies in spliceosome maturation correlate with decreased numbers of SMN-positive bodies and Cajal bodies involved in nuclear snRNP maturation. Transcriptome analysis of TDRD6-deficient diplotene spermatocytes revealed high numbers of splicing defects such as aberrant usage of intron and exons as well as aberrant representation of splice junctions. Together, this study demonstrates a novel function of TDRD6 in spliceosome maturation and mRNA splicing in prophase I spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Akpınar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Grigorios Fanourgakis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jun Fu
- Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Espejo AB, Gao G, Black K, Gayatri S, Veland N, Kim J, Chen T, Sudol M, Walker C, Bedford MT. PRMT5 C-terminal Phosphorylation Modulates a 14-3-3/PDZ Interaction Switch. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2255-2265. [PMID: 28031468 PMCID: PMC5313098 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PRMT5 is the primary enzyme responsible for the deposition of the symmetric dimethylarginine in mammalian cells. In an effort to understand how PRMT5 is regulated, we identified a threonine phosphorylation site within a C-terminal tail motif, which is targeted by the Akt/serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinases. While investigating the function of this posttranslational modification, we serendipitously discovered that its free C-terminal tail binds PDZ domains (when unphosphorylated) and 14-3-3 proteins (when phosphorylated). In essence, a phosphorylation event within the last few residues of the C-terminal tail generates a posttranslational modification-dependent PDZ/14-3-3 interaction "switch." The C-terminal motif of PRMT5 is required for plasma membrane association, and loss of this switching capacity is not compatible with life. This signaling phenomenon was recently reported for the HPV E6 oncoprotein but has not yet been observed for mammalian proteins. To investigate the prevalence of PDZ/14-3-3 switching in signal transduction, we built a protein domain microarray that harbors PDZ domains and 14-3-3 proteins. We have used this microarray to interrogate the C-terminal tails of a small group of candidate proteins and identified ERBB4, PGHS2, and IRK1 (as well as E6 and PRMT5) as conforming to this signaling mode, suggesting that PDZ/14-3-3 switching may be a broad biological paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandra B Espejo
- From the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
- the University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Guozhen Gao
- From the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Karynne Black
- From the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Sitaram Gayatri
- From the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
- the University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nicolas Veland
- From the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
- the University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jeesun Kim
- From the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Taiping Chen
- From the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Marius Sudol
- the Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB, A*STAR), Singapore 117597, Singapore, and
| | - Cheryl Walker
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Mark T Bedford
- From the Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957,
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27
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MASTL is essential for anaphase entry of proliferating primordial germ cells and establishment of female germ cells in mice. Cell Discov 2017; 3:16052. [PMID: 28224044 PMCID: PMC5301161 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the embryonic cell population that serve as germ cell precursors in both females and males. During mouse embryonic development, the majority of PGCs are arrested at the G2 phase when they migrate into the hindgut at 7.75–8.75 dpc (days post coitum). It is after 9.5 dpc that the PGCs undergo proliferation with a doubling time of 12.6 h. The molecular mechanisms underlying PGC proliferation are however not well studied. In this work. Here we studied how MASTL (microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like)/Greatwall kinase regulates the rapid proliferation of PGCs. We generated a mouse model where we specifically deleted Mastl in PGCs and found a significant loss of PGCs before the onset of meiosis in female PGCs. We further revealed that the deletion of Mastl in PGCs did not prevent mitotic entry, but led to a failure of the cells to proceed beyond metaphase-like stage, indicating that MASTL-mediated molecular events are indispensable for anaphase entry in PGCs. These mitotic defects further led to the death of Mastl-null PGCs by 12.5 dpc. Moreover, the defect in mitotic progression observed in the Mastl-null PGCs was rescued by simultaneous deletion of Ppp2r1a (α subunit of PP2A). Thus, our results demonstrate that MASTL, PP2A, and therefore regulated phosphatase activity have a fundamental role in establishing female germ cell population in gonads by controlling PGC proliferation during embryogenesis.
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28
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Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) plays multiple roles in cellular processes at different stages of the cell cycle in a tissue specific manner. PRMT5 in complex with MEP50/p44/WDR77 associates with a plethora of partner proteins to symmetrically dimethylate arginine residues on target proteins in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Overexpression of PRMT5 has been observed in several cancers, making it an attractive drug target. The structure of the 453 kDa heterooctameric PRMT5:MEP50 complex bound to an S-adenosylmethionine analog and a substrate peptide provides valuable insights into this intriguing target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Antonysamy
- Structural Biology, Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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29
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Chen D, Liu W, Lukianchikov A, Hancock GV, Zimmerman J, Lowe MG, Kim R, Galic Z, Irie N, Surani MA, Jacobsen SE, Clark AT. Germline competency of human embryonic stem cells depends on eomesodermin. Biol Reprod 2017; 97:850-861. [PMID: 29091993 PMCID: PMC5803789 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, germline competency and the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) are thought to occur in a restricted developmental window during early embryogenesis. Despite the importance of specifying the appropriate number of PGCs for human reproduction, the molecular mechanisms governing PGC formation remain largely unexplored. Here, we compared PGC-like cell (PGCLC) differentiation from 18 independently derived human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, and discovered that the expression of primitive streak genes were positively associated with hESC germline competency. Furthermore, we show that chemical inhibition of TGFβ and WNT signaling, which are required for primitive streak formation and CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of Eomesodermin (EOMES), significantly impacts PGCLC differentiation from hESCs. Taken together, our results suggest that human PGC formation involves signaling and transcriptional programs associated with somatic germ layer induction and expression of EOMES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anastasia Lukianchikov
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grace V Hancock
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jill Zimmerman
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew G Lowe
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel Kim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zoran Galic
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Naoko Irie
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven E Jacobsen
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amander T Clark
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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30
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Stage-Specific Demethylation in Primordial Germ Cells Safeguards against Precocious Differentiation. Dev Cell 2016; 39:75-86. [PMID: 27618282 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling DNA methylation in mammalian genomes can be global, as seen in preimplantation embryos and primordial germ cells (PGCs), or locus specific, which can regulate neighboring gene expression. In PGCs, global and locus-specific DNA demethylation occur in sequential stages, with an initial global decrease in methylated cytosines (stage I) followed by a Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase (Tet)-dependent decrease in methylated cytosines that act at imprinting control regions (ICRs) and meiotic genes (stage II). The purpose of the two-stage mechanism is unclear. Here we show that Dnmt1 preserves DNA methylation through stage I at ICRs and meiotic gene promoters and is required for the pericentromeric enrichment of 5hmC. We discovered that the functional consequence of abrogating two-stage DNA demethylation in PGCs was precocious germline differentiation leading to hypogonadism and infertility. Therefore, bypassing stage-specific DNA demethylation has significant consequences for progenitor germ cell differentiation and the ability to transmit DNA from parent to offspring.
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31
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Prmt5 is required for germ cell survival during spermatogenesis in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11031. [PMID: 26072710 PMCID: PMC4466585 DOI: 10.1038/srep11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During germ cell development, epigenetic modifications undergo extensive remodeling. Abnormal epigenetic modifications usually result in germ cell loss and reproductive defect. Prmt5 (Protein arginine methyltransferase 5) encodes a protein arginine methyltransferase which has been demonstrated to play important roles in germ cell development during embryonic stages. In the present study, we found that Prmt5 was also abundantly expressed in male germ cells after birth. Inactivation of this gene by crossing with Stra8-Cre transgenic mice resulted in germ cell loss during spermatogenesis. Further study revealed that the germ cell development was grossly normal before P10. However, most of the germ cells in Prmt5Δ/f; Stra8-Cre mice were blocked at meiotic stage. The expression of meiosis associated genes was reduced in Prmt5Δ/f; Stra8-Cre testes compared to control testes at P10. γH2AX was detected in sex body of control germ cells at P12, whereas multiple foci were observed in Prmt5-deficient germ cells. Further study revealed that H4R3me2s was virtually absent in germ cells after Prmt5 inactivation. The results of this study indicate that Prmt5 also plays important roles in germ cell development during spermatogenesis.
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32
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Stopa N, Krebs JE, Shechter D. The PRMT5 arginine methyltransferase: many roles in development, cancer and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2041-59. [PMID: 25662273 PMCID: PMC4430368 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational arginine methylation is responsible for regulation of many biological processes. The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5, also known as Hsl7, Jbp1, Skb1, Capsuleen, or Dart5) is the major enzyme responsible for mono- and symmetric dimethylation of arginine. An expanding literature demonstrates its critical biological function in a wide range of cellular processes. Histone and other protein methylation by PRMT5 regulate genome organization, transcription, stem cells, primordial germ cells, differentiation, the cell cycle, and spliceosome assembly. Metazoan PRMT5 is found in complex with the WD-repeat protein MEP50 (also known as Wdr77, androgen receptor coactivator p44, or Valois). PRMT5 also directly associates with a range of other protein factors, including pICln, Menin, CoPR5 and RioK1 that may alter its subcellular localization and protein substrate selection. Protein substrate and PRMT5-MEP50 post-translation modifications induce crosstalk to regulate PRMT5 activity. Crystal structures of C. elegans PRMT5 and human and frog PRMT5-MEP50 complexes provide substantial insight into the mechanisms of substrate recognition and procession to dimethylation. Enzymological studies of PRMT5 have uncovered compelling insights essential for future development of specific PRMT5 inhibitors. In addition, newly accumulating evidence implicates PRMT5 and MEP50 expression levels and their methyltransferase activity in cancer tumorigenesis, and, significantly, as markers of poor clinical outcome, marking them as potential oncogenes. Here, we review the substantial new literature on PRMT5 and its partners to highlight the significance of understanding this essential enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stopa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Jocelyn E. Krebs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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33
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Wang Y, Li Q, Liu C, Han F, Chen M, Zhang L, Cui X, Qin Y, Bao S, Gao F. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) is required for germ cell survival during mouse embryonic development. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:104. [PMID: 25810472 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.127308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, germ cells undergo massive epigenetic remodeling during fetal development. However, the physiological functions of epigenetic modification in germ cell development remain unclear. In this study, we found that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) was abundantly expressed in the germ cells of both male and female gonads. Deletion of Prmt5 by crossing with Tnap-Cre mice resulted in germ cell depletion in adult mice. Germ cell loss was first observed between Embryonic Days 12.5 and 13.5 (E12.5 and E13.5), and very few of these cells remained at birth. Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog were abundantly expressed in Prmt5-deficient germ cells at E13.5 and E15.5, whereas the expression of these genes was dramatically decreased in control germ cells. Interestingly, the expression of meiosis-associated genes was virtually absent in Prmt5-deficient female germ cells at E13.5, whereas the expression of other germ cell-specific genes was not changed. Further study revealed that H4R3me2s was completely absent after Prmt5 inactivation, whereas the level of H3R2me2s was not changed in Prmt5-deficient germ cells. Collectively, this study demonstrated that Prmt5 plays critical roles in germ cell development that are required for germ cell survival during embryonic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
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