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Chan RHW, Dong D, Chong KC, Kim JH. Development and validation of a Chinese Drinking Expectancies Questionnaire for young adults: A Hong Kong study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:233-244. [PMID: 37565305 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drinking expectancies, the perceived consequences of alcohol consumption, are noted to predict drinking behaviours. However, there is comparatively little research of drinking expectancies in non-Western populations. This study aimed to develop and validate a Chinese Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (CDEQ-Adult) for Chinese young adults. METHODS Face and content validity were first assessed of items generated from literature review and previously conducted focus groups. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted with split-half samples from a random telephone survey that was conducted on Hong Kong Chinese adults between the ages of 18-34 (n = 675). The instrument's convergent validity and internal reliability were also examined. RESULTS The preliminary instrument items showed good content validity (Item Content Validity Index range: 0.8-1.0). The EFA yielded a 31-item, five-factor model consisting of five domains: Negative Consequences, Interpersonal Benefits, Increased Confidence, Health Benefits and Tension/Stress Reduction (variance explained 63.7%). The CFA revealed that the fit indices for the five-factor model using diagonal weighted least squares estimator were χ2 (256, N = 338) = 394.04, p < 0.001, comparative fit index 0.97, SRMR 0.07, RMSEA 0.06 (95% confidence interval 0.06, 0.08), suggesting a good fit of the model. The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.94, 0.90, 0.86, 0.77 and 0.57, respectively for each of the five domains (n = 675). Significant associations with past month drinking behaviours and future drinking intentions give strong support for convergent validity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The CDEQ-Adult is a culturally relevant instrument for assessing drinking expectancies in Chinese young adults for use in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufina H W Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dong Dong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ka-Chun Chong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jean H Kim
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
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Cho J, Sussman S, Kechter A, Vogel EA, Barrington-Trimis JL, Unger JB, Leventhal AM. Alcohol Use and Life Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study of Young Adults. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2023; 29:554-561. [PMID: 39055691 PMCID: PMC11268834 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2023.2183909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective To estimate the extent to which drinking to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and experiencing pandemic-related life stressors are associated with alcohol use escalation among young adults. Methods Respondents in Los Angeles, CA, USA (N=2,130) completed prospective cohort study surveys before (baseline; October 2018-November 2019; mean age: 19.7[SD=0.4) and during (follow-up; May-August 2020) the COVID-19 outbreak. Past 30-day drinking days and number of drinks per drinking day were assessed from baseline to follow-up. At follow-up, participants reported drinking to cope with social isolation and pandemic-related stressors. Results Pandemic-related stressor prevalence ranged from 5.5% (evicted/lost home) to 72.6% (worried about education) and 27.1% drank to cope with social isolation during the pandemic. Respondents who did (vs. did not) report pandemic-related coping drinking were more likely to increase past 30-day drinking days and drinks per drinking day from baseline to follow-up after adjustment for possible confounders. Employment loss/reduction, financial problems, and perceived likelihood of contracting COVID-19 or handling the pandemic poorly were each associated with increases in drinking days or drinks per drinking day. Conclusions Experiencing certain life stressors and drinking to cope with social isolation may be associated with drinking escalation among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Cho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steve Sussman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Afton Kechter
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Erin A. Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine
| | - Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Marinkovic K, Alderson Myers AB, Arienzo D, Sereno MI, Mason GF. Cortical GABA levels are reduced in young adult binge drinkers: Association with recent alcohol consumption and sex. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103091. [PMID: 35753236 PMCID: PMC9240858 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking refers to a pattern of alcohol intake that raises blood alcohol concentration to or above legal intoxication levels. It is common among young adults and is associated with health risks that scale up with alcohol intake. Acute intoxication depresses neural activity via complex signaling mechanisms by enhancing inhibition mediated by gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), and by decreasing excitatory glutamatergic effects. Evidence primarily rooted in animal research indicates that the brain compensates for the acute depressant effects under the conditions of habitual heavy use. These neuroadaptive changes are reflected in neural hyperexcitability via downregulated inhibitory signaling, which becomes apparent as withdrawal symptoms. However, human evidence on the compensatory reduction in GABA signaling is scant. The neurochemical aspect of this mechanistic model was evaluated in the present study with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) which is sensitive to GABA plus macromolecule signal (GABA + ). Furthermore, we examined sex differences in GABA + levels as a function of a recent history of binge drinking, given interactions between endogenous neurosteroids, GABA signaling, and alcohol. The study recruited young adult women and men (22.2 ± 2.8 years of age) who were classified as binge drinkers (BDs, N = 52) if they reported ≥ 5 binge episodes in the previous six months. Light drinkers (LDs, N = 49) reported drinking regularly, but not exceeding ≤ 2 binge episodes in the past six months. GABA-edited 1H-MR spectra were acquired from the occipital cortex at 3 T with the MEGA-PRESS sequence. GABA + signal was analyzed relative to water and total creatine (Cr) levels as a function of binge drinking history and sex. Controlling for within-voxel tissue composition, both GABA + indices showed decreased GABA + levels in BDs relative to LDs. The reduced GABA + concentration was associated with occasional high-intensity drinking in the BD group. This evidence is consistent with compensatory GABA downregulation that accompanies alcohol misuse, tipping the excitation/inhibition balance towards hyperexcitability. Analysis of the time course of GABA + neuroplasticity indicated that GABA + was lowest when measured one day after the last drinking occasion in BDs. While the BD vs LD differences were primarily driven by LD women, there was no interaction between Sex and a history of binge drinking. GABA + was higher in LD women compared to LD men. Aligned with the allostasis model, the mechanistic compensatory GABA downregulation observed in young emerging adults engaging in occasional binge drinking complements direct neural measures of hyperexcitability in BDs. Notably, these results suggest that neuroadaptation to alcohol is detectable at the levels of consumption that are within a normative range, and may contribute to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Austin B Alderson Myers
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Donatello Arienzo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Martin I Sereno
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, N-141 TAC-MRRC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Martín-Turrero I, Valiente R, Molina-de la Fuente I, Bilal U, Lazo M, Sureda X. Accessibility and availability of alcohol outlets around schools: An ecological study in the city of Madrid, Spain, according to socioeconomic area-level. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112323. [PMID: 34774513 PMCID: PMC8875292 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood accessibility and availability of alcohol products has been associated with increased alcohol consumption and harms among adolescents. This availability has been shown to be higher in neighborhoods with lower socio-economic status (SES). The aim of this study was to examine inequalities in alcohol outlet density and proximity around schools by area-level SES in Madrid, Spain. Data on schools, SES, alcohol outlets and population density at census tract level were obtained through public databases from the local government of Madrid. We examined (1) density as the number of alcohol outlets around schools within 3 buffers (i.e. 200 m, 400 m and 800 m) and (2) proximity as the distance from schools to their nearest alcohol outlet. We performed multilevel analyses to examine the associations between alcohol outlet density and proximity and SES, adjusted by population density. Secondary schools (n = 576) located in less deprived areas had lower densities of alcohol outlets at walking distances of 200 and 400 m (50% and 37% lower, respectively p < 0.05). No significant differences were found for the proximity measures. The socioeconomic level of the area in which adolescents go to school is a determinant of their exposure to alcohol, where those who study in high SES areas have lower exposure to alcohol outlets. This study highlights the need to prioritize equity in the design and implementation of policies to limit alcohol accessibility among adolescents, including establishing minimum distances between schools and alcohol outlets or limiting the number of outlets per inhabitant in neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Turrero
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Valiente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molina-de la Fuente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Malaria and NTDs Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Johns Hopkins, Center for Health Equity, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10027, United States; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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Volpicelli JR, Menzies P. Rethinking Unhealthy Alcohol Use in the United States: A Structured Review. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221111832. [PMID: 35899221 PMCID: PMC9310219 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Greater than moderate alcohol use spans a continuum that includes high levels of
total alcohol consumed per period (heavy drinking) as well as episodes of
intense drinking (binges) and can give rise to alcohol use disorder (AUD) when
associated with an inability to control alcohol use despite negative
consequences. Although moderate drinking and AUD have standard, operable
definitions in the United States (US), a significant “gray area” remains in
which an individual may exceed recommended drinking guidelines but does not meet
the criteria for AUD (hereafter referred to as unhealthy alcohol use). To
address this need, we conducted a structured literature search to evaluate how
this gray area is defined and assess its burden within the US. For purposes of
this review, we will refer to this gray area as “unhealthy alcohol use.”
Although numerous terms are used to describe various unsafe drinking practices,
our review did not find any studies in which the specific prevalence and/or
burden of unhealthy alcohol use was evaluated. That is, we found no studies that
focus exclusively on individuals who exceed moderate drinking guidelines but do
not meet AUD criteria. Furthermore, we did not discover an established framework
for identifying individuals with unhealthy alcohol use. The lack of a consistent
framework for identifying unhealthy alcohol users has significant implications
for patient management and disease burden assessment. Therefore, we propose the
following framework in which unhealthy alcohol use comprises 2 distinct
subpopulations: those at risk of experiencing alcohol-related consequences and
those who have subthreshold problems associated with use. The former, termed
“risky drinkers,” are defined by exceeding recommended guidelines for moderate
drinking (⩽1 or 2 drinks per day for women and men, respectively). People with
subthreshold problems associated with use, defined as exhibiting exactly 1 AUD
symptom, would be classified as “problematic drinkers” within this proposed
framework. These definitions would help bring the core elements of unhealthy
alcohol use into focus, which in turn would help identify and provide management
strategies sooner to those affected and reduce the overall burden of unhealthy
alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Percy Menzies
- Assisted Recovery Centers of America, St Louis, MO, USA
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Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Isometsä ET, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Ahola-Olli A, Hietala J, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Vainio SJ, Palotie A, Niemelä S, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Hazardous Drinking Polygenic Scores in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111422. [PMID: 34827421 PMCID: PMC8615595 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking Polygenic Scores (PGS) in 2649 schizophrenia, 558 schizoaffective disorder, and 1125 bipolar disorder patients in Finland. Hazardous drinking PGS was computed using the LDPred program. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on a tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task, or Reaction Time (RT) test, and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. The association between hazardous drinking PGS and cognition was measured using four cognition variables. Log-linear regression was used in Reaction Time (RT) assessment, and logistic regression was used in PAL assessment. All analyses were conducted separately for males and females. After adjustment of age, age of onset, education, household pattern, and depressive symptoms, hazardous drinking PGS was not associated with reaction time or visual memory in male or female patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Juhani Vainio
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Northern Finland Biobank Borealis, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Predicting Alcohol Dependence Symptoms by Young Adulthood: A Co-Twin Comparisons Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2021; 24:204-216. [PMID: 34526173 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2021.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Co-twin comparisons address familial confounding by controlling for genetic and environmental influences that twin siblings share. We applied the co-twin comparison design to investigate associations of adolescent factors with alcohol dependence (AD) symptoms. Participants were 1286 individuals (581 complete twin pairs; 42% monozygotic; and 54% female) from the FinnTwin12 study. Predictors included adolescent academic achievement, substance use, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, executive functioning, peer environment, physical health, relationship with parents, alcohol expectancies, life events, and pubertal development. The outcome was lifetime AD clinical criterion count, as measured in young adulthood. We examined associations of each adolescent domain with AD symptoms in individual-level and co-twin comparison analyses. In individual-level analyses, adolescents with higher levels of substance use, teacher-reported externalizing problems at age 12, externalizing problems at age 14, self- and co-twin-reported internalizing problems, peer deviance, and perceived difficulty of life events reported more symptoms of AD in young adulthood (ps < .044). Conversely, individuals with higher academic achievement, social adjustment, self-rated health, and parent-child relationship quality met fewer AD clinical criteria (ps < .024). Associations between adolescent substance use, teacher-reported externalizing problems, co-twin-reported internalizing problems, peer deviance, self-rated health, and AD symptoms were of a similar magnitude in co-twin comparisons. We replicated many well-known adolescent correlates of later alcohol problems, including academic achievement, substance use, externalizing and internalizing problems, self-rated health, and features of the peer environment and parent-child relationship. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of co-twin comparisons for understanding pathways to AD. Effect sizes corresponding to the associations between adolescent substance use, teacher-reported externalizing problems, co-twin-reported internalizing problems, peer deviance, and self-rated health were not significantly attenuated (p value threshold = .05) after controlling for genetic and environmental influences that twin siblings share, highlighting these factors as candidates for further research.
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Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Isometsä ET, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Ahola-Olli A, Hietala J, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Vainio SJ, Palotie A, Niemelä S, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Alcohol Use in Persons with Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091154. [PMID: 34573174 PMCID: PMC8467646 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking and alcohol-related disorder in persons with bipolar disorder (BD). The study population included 1268 persons from Finland with bipolar disorder. Alcohol use was assessed through hazardous drinking and alcohol-related disorder including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Hazardous drinking was screened with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) screening tool. Alcohol-related disorder diagnoses were obtained from the national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on A tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task, or reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Mental Health Inventory with five items (MHI-5). However, no assessment of current manic symptoms was available. Association between RT-test and alcohol use was analyzed with log-linear regression, and eβ with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. PAL first trial memory score was analyzed with linear regression, and β with 95% CI are reported. PAL total errors adjusted was analyzed with logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI are reported. After adjustment of age, education, housing status and depression, hazardous drinking was associated with lower median and less variable RT in females while AUD was associated with a poorer PAL test performance in terms of the total errors adjusted scores in females. Our findings of positive associations between alcohol use and cognition in persons with bipolar disorder are difficult to explain because of the methodological flaw of not being able to separately assess only participants in euthymic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Juhani Vainio
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Northern Finland Biobank Borealis, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Hietala J, Isometsä ET, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Niemelä S, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Palotie A, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection with Alcohol Use in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060688. [PMID: 34071123 PMCID: PMC8224767 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association between cognition and hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Cognition is more or less compromised in schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder and alcohol use might aggravate this phenomenon. The study population included 3362 individuals from Finland with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Hazardous drinking was screened with the AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption) screening tool. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses were obtained from national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on a tablet computer: The Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-CSRTT) or the reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. The association between alcohol use and the RT and PAL tests was analyzed with log-linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. After adjustment for age, education, housing status, and the age at which the respondents had their first psychotic episodes, hazardous drinking was associated with a lower median RT in females and less variable RT in males, while AUD was associated with a poorer PAL test performance in terms of the total errors adjusted scores (TEASs) in females. Our findings of positive associations between alcohol and cognition in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Correas A, Cuesta P, Rosen BQ, Maestu F, Marinkovic K. Compensatory neuroadaptation to binge drinking: Human evidence for allostasis. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12960. [PMID: 32885571 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies have established that acute alcohol increases neural inhibition and that frequent intoxication episodes elicit neuroadaptive changes in the excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission balance. To compensate for the depressant effects of alcohol, neural hyperexcitability develops in alcohol use disorder and is manifested through withdrawal symptoms. It is unclear, however, whether neuroadaptive changes can be observed in young, emerging adults at lower levels of consumption in the absence of withdrawal symptoms. Here, we used an anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography method to assess cortical excitability in two independent sets of experiments. We measured early visual activity (1) in social drinkers during alcohol intoxication versus placebo conditions and (2) in parallel cohorts of sober binge drinkers (BDs) and light drinkers (LDs). Acute alcohol intoxication attenuated early sensory activity in the visual cortex in social drinkers, confirming its inhibitory effects on neurotransmission. In contrast, sober BDs showed greater neural responsivity compared with a matched group of LDs. A positive correlation between alcohol consumption and neural activity in BDs is indicative of cortical hyperexcitability associated with hazardous drinking. Furthermore, neural responsivity was positively correlated with alcohol intake in social drinkers whose drinking did not reach binge levels. This study provides novel evidence of compensatory imbalance reflected in the downregulation of inhibitory and upregulation of excitatory signaling associated with binge drinking in young, emerging adults. By contrasting acute effects and a history of BD, these results support the mechanistic model of allostasis. Direct neural measures are sensitive to synaptic currents and could serve as biomarkers of neuroadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Correas
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory Centre of Biomedical Technology Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Cuesta
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory Centre of Biomedical Technology Madrid Spain
| | - Burke Q. Rosen
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
- Department of Neurosciences University of California at San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Fernando Maestu
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory Centre of Biomedical Technology Madrid Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
- Department of Radiology University of California at San Diego La Jolla California USA
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Epstein M, Bailey JA, Furlong M, Catalano RF, Toumbourou JW. Does Adolescent Alcohol Harm Minimization Policy Exposure Reduce Adult Alcohol Problems? A Cross-National Comparison. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:713-718. [PMID: 31676227 PMCID: PMC7188571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent alcohol use carries risks for problem behaviors, such as injury and school dropout, as well as increases the risk of alcohol dependence later on, making public health approaches that curb youth alcohol use a key concern. The present study uses a two-state comparison of alcohol-related policies in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, U.S. (harm minimization in Australia and zero tolerance in the U.S.) to examine whether youth alcohol use in each state is related to alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. METHODS Data were drawn from the International Youth Development Study (N = 1,965) that followed youth in Victoria and Washington states from age 13 years, with follow-up at ages 14 and 15 years, and then again at age 25 years. Multiple-group structural equation modeling was used to test whether early alcohol use was equally related to alcohol problems (measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) at age 25 years and whether the relationship was moderated by family and school environments that were tolerant of youth drinking and by gender. RESULTS Youth in Victoria reported greater rates of alcohol use compared with youth in Washington, as well as more permissive family and school environments. Early alcohol use was equally associated with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test problems at age 25 years in the two nations, and none of the moderators significantly changed the association. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that harm minimization policies adopted in Victoria are less effective at reducing alcohol problems during young adulthood compared with the stricter zero-tolerance approaches adopted in Washington State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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12
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Holcomb LA, Huang S, Cruz SM, Marinkovic K. Neural oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control in young adult binge drinkers. Biol Psychol 2019; 146:107732. [PMID: 31344371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is often characterized by heavy episodic, or binge drinking, which has been on the rise. The aim of this study was to examine the neural dynamics of inhibitory control in demographically matched groups of young, healthy adults (N = 61) who reported engaging in binge (BD) or light drinking patterns (LD). Electroencephalography signal was recorded during a fast-paced visual Go/NoGo paradigm probing the ability to inhibit prepotent responses. No group differences were found in task performance. BDs showed attenuated event-related theta (4-7 Hz) on inhibition trials compared to LDs, which correlated with binge episodes and alcohol consumption but not with measures of mood or disposition including impulsivity. A greater overall decrease of early beta power (15-25 Hz) in BDs may indicate deficient preparatory "inhibitory brake" before deliberate responding. The results are consistent with deficits in the inhibitory control circuitry and are suggestive of allostatic neuroadaptive changes associated with binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Holcomb
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Stephen M Cruz
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Affan RO, Huang S, Cruz SM, Holcomb LA, Nguyen E, Marinkovic K. High-intensity binge drinking is associated with alterations in spontaneous neural oscillations in young adults. Alcohol 2018; 70:51-60. [PMID: 29778070 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy episodic alcohol consumption (also termed binge drinking) contributes to a wide range of health and cognitive deficits, but the associated brain-based indices are poorly understood. The current study used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine spontaneous neural oscillations in young adults as a function of quantity, frequency, and the pattern of their alcohol consumption. Sixty-one young adults (23.4 ± 3.4 years of age) were assigned to binge drinking (BD) and light drinking (LD) groups that were equated on gender, race/ethnic identity, age, educational background, and family history of alcoholism. EEG activity was recorded during eyes-open and eyes-closed resting conditions. Each participant's alpha peak frequency (APF) was used to calculate absolute power in individualized theta and alpha frequency bands, with a canonical frequency range used for beta. APF was slower by 0.7 Hz in BD, especially in individuals engaging in high-intensity drinking, but there were no changes in alpha power. BD also exhibited higher frontal theta and beta power than LD. Alpha slowing and increased theta power in BD remained after accounting for depression, anxiety, and personality characteristics, while elevated beta power covaried with sensation seeking. Furthermore, APF slowing and theta power correlated with various measures of alcohol consumption, including binge episodes and blackouts, but not with measures of working and episodic memory, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, or personality variables, suggesting that these physiological changes may be modulated by high-intensity alcohol intake. These results are consistent with studies of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and support the hypothesis that binge drinking is a transitional stage toward alcohol dependence. The observed thalamocortical dysrhythmia may be indicative of an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in BD and may potentially serve as an index of the progressive development of AUD, with a goal of informing possible interventions to minimize alcohol's deleterious effects on the brain.
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Muli N, Lagan BM. Perceived determinants to alcohol consumption and misuse: a survey of university students. Perspect Public Health 2017; 137:326-336. [DOI: 10.1177/1757913917710569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Before an attempt is made to develop any population-specific behavioural change programme, it is important to know what the factors that influence behaviours are. The aim of this study was to identify what are the perceived determinants that attribute to young people’s choices to both consume and misuse alcohol. Method: Using a descriptive survey design, a web-based questionnaire based on the Theory of Triadic Influence was administered to students aged 18–29 years at one university in Northern Ireland. Results: Out of the total respondents ( n = 595), knowledge scores on alcohol consumption and the health risks associated with heavy episodic drinking were high (92.4%, n = 550). Over half (54.1%, n = 322) cited the Internet as their main source for alcohol-related information. The three most perceived influential factors of inclination to misuse alcohol were strains/conflict within the family home ( M = 2.98, standard deviation ( SD) = 0.18, 98.7%, n = 587), risk taking/curiosity behaviour ( M = 2.97, SD = 0.27, 97.3%, n = 579) and the desire not to be socially alienated ( M = 2.94, SD = 0.33, 96%, n = 571). Females were statistically significantly more likely to be influenced by desire not to be socially alienated than males ( p = .029). Religion and personal reasons were the most commonly cited reasons for not drinking. Conclusion: Future initiatives to reduce alcohol misuse and alcohol-related harms need to focus on changing social normative beliefs and attitudes around alcohol consumption and the family and environmental factors that influence the choice of young adult’s alcohol drinking behaviour. Investment in multi-component interventions may be a useful approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Muli
- Altnagelvin Hospital, Western Health & Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Briege M Lagan
- Institute of Nursing & Health Research, School of Nursing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, UK
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