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Garza-Miyazato D, Hanashima S, Umegawa Y, Murata M, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N, Greimel P. Mode of molecular interaction of triterpenoid saponin ginsenoside Rh2 with membrane lipids in liquid-disordered phases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184366. [PMID: 38960300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a ginseng saponin comprising a triterpene core and one unit of glucose and has attracted much attention due to its diverse biological activities. In the present study, we used small-angle X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR, fluorescence microscopy, and MD simulations to investigate the molecular interaction of Rh2 with membrane lipids in the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase mainly composed of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine compared with those in liquid-ordered (Lo) phase mainly composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol. The electron density profiles determined by X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that Rh2 tends to be present in the shallow interior of the bilayer in the Ld phase, while Rh2 accumulation was significantly smaller in the Lo phase. Order parameters at intermediate depths in the bilayer leaflet obtained from 2H NMR spectra and MD simulations indicated that Rh2 reduces the order of the acyl chains of lipids in the Ld phase. The dihydroxy group and glucose moiety at both ends of the hydrophobic triterpene core of Rh2 cause tilting of the molecular axis relative to the membrane normal, which may enhance membrane permeability by loosening the packing of lipid acyl chains. These features of Rh2 are distinct from steroidal saponins such as digitonin and dioscin, which exert strong membrane-disrupting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Garza-Miyazato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Centre for Fundamental Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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2
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Oftedal TF, Diep DB, Kjos M. Design of Novel Saposin-like Bacteriocins Using a Hybrid Approach. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10264-w. [PMID: 38713419 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A multitude of approaches will be required to respond to the threat posed by the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Bacteriocins have gained increasing attention as a possible alternative to antibiotics, as such peptide antimicrobials have mechanisms of action different from antibiotics and are therefore equally potent against antibiotic resistant bacteria as their susceptible counterparts. A group of bacteriocins known as saposin-like bacteriocins is believed to act directly on the bacterial membrane. Based on seven saposin-like leaderless bacteriocins, we have constructed a library of hybrid peptides containing all combinations of the N- and C-terminal halves of the native bacteriocins. All hybrid peptides were synthesized using in vitro protein expression and assayed for antimicrobial activity towards several pathogens. Of the 42 hybrid peptides, antimicrobial activity was confirmed for 11 novel hybrid peptides. Furthermore, several of the hybrid peptides exhibited altered antimicrobial spectra and apparent increase in potency compared to the peptides from which they were derived. The most promising hybrid, termed ISP26, was then obtained synthetically and shown to inhibit most of the Gram-positive species tested, including opportunistic pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. Additionally, ISP26 was shown to inhibit Acinetobacter, a species of Gram-negative bacteria frequently isolated from nosocomial infections. The activity of the hybrid library provides valuable insights into the design and screening of new active bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Oftedal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Won T, Mohid SA, Choi J, Kim M, Krishnamoorthy J, Biswas I, Bhunia A, Lee D. The role of hydrophobic patches of de novo designed MSI-78 and VG16KRKP antimicrobial peptides on fragmenting model bilayer membranes. Biophys Chem 2023; 296:106981. [PMID: 36871366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with cell membrane lysing capability are considered potential candidates for the development of the next generation of antibiotics. Designing novel AMPs requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action of the peptides. In this work, we used various biophysical techniques including 31P solid-state NMR to examine the interaction of model membranes with amphipathic de novo-designed peptides. Two such peptides, MSI-78 and VG16KRKP, were designed with different hydrophobicity and positive charges. The model lipid membranes were constituted by mixing lipids of varying degrees of 'area per lipid' (APL), which directly affected the packing properties of the membrane. The observed emergence of the isotropic peak in 31P NMR spectra as a function of time is a consequence of the fragmentation of the membrane mediated by the peptide interaction. The factors such as the charges, overall hydrophilicity of the AMPs, as well as lipid membrane packing, contributed to the kinetics of membrane fragmentation. Furthermore, we anticipate the designed AMPs follow the carpet and toroidal pore mechanisms when lysing the cell membrane. This study highlights the significance of the effect of the overall charges and the hydrophobicity of the novel AMPs designed for antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeJun Won
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sk Abdul Mohid
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Bidhan Nagar EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - JiHye Choi
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - MinSoo Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Indranil Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Bidhan Nagar EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India.
| | - DongKuk Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Nguyen TQT, Lund FW, Zanjani AAH, Khandelia H. Magic mushroom extracts in lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183957. [PMID: 35561790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The active hallucinogen of magic mushrooms, psilocin, is being repurposed to treat nicotine addiction and treatment-resistant depression. Psilocin belongs to the tryptamine class of psychedelic compounds which include the hormone serotonin. It is believed that psilocin exerts its effect by binding to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. However, recent in-vivo evidence suggests that psilocin may employ a different mechanism to exert its effects. Membrane-mediated receptor desensitization of neurotransmitter receptors is one such mechanism. We compare the impact of the neutral and charged versions of psilocin and serotonin on the properties of zwitterionic and anionic lipid membranes using molecular dynamics simulations and calorimetry. Both compounds partition to the lipid interface and induce membrane thinning. The tertiary amine in psilocin, as opposed to the primary amine in serotonin, limits psilocin's impact on the membrane although more psilocin partitions into the membrane than serotonin. Calorimetry corroborates that both compounds induce a classical melting point depression like anesthetics do. Our results also lend support to a membrane-mediated receptor-binding mechanism for both psilocin and serotonin and provide physical insights into subtle chemical changes that can alter the membrane-binding of psychedelic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Quynh Tram Nguyen
- Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Frederik Wendelboe Lund
- Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ali Asghar Hakami Zanjani
- Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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5
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Hanashima S, Mito K, Umegawa Y, Murata M, Hojo H. Lipid chain-driven interaction of a lipidated Src-family kinase Lyn with the bilayer membrane. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6436-6444. [PMID: 35880995 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Myristoylation is a process of ubiquitous protein modification, which promotes the interaction of lipidated proteins on cell surfaces, in conjunction with reversible S-palmitoylation. We report the cooperative lipid-lipid interaction of two acyl chains of proteins, which increases the protein-membrane interaction and facilitates selective targeting of membranes containing anionic lipids. Lyn is a member of the Src family kinases distributed on the membrane surface by N-myristoyl and neighbouring S-palmitoyl chain anchors at the unique N-terminus domain. We prepared N-terminal short segments of lipidated Lyn to investigate the behaviour of each acyl chain in the lipid composition-dependent membrane interaction by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Solid-state 31P-NMR studies revealed that S-palmitoylation of N-myristoylated Lyn peptides increased the interaction between peptides and phospholipid head groups, particularly with the anionic phosphatidylserine-containing bilayers. The solid-state 2H-NMR of Lyn peptides with a perdeutero N-myristoyl chain indicated an increase (0.6-0.8 Å) in the extent of the N-myristoyl chain in the presence of nearby S-palmitoyl chains, probably through the interaction via the acyl chains. The cooperative hydrocarbon chain interaction of the two acyl chains of Lyn increased membrane binding by extending the hydrocarbon chains deeper into the membrane interior, thereby promoting the peptide-membrane surface interaction between the cationic peptide side chains and the anionic lipid head groups. This lipid-driven mechanism by S-palmitoylation promotes the partition of the lipidated proteins to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membranes and may be involved in recruiting Lyn at the signalling domains rich in anionic lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Kanako Mito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan. .,Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Herrera-León C, Ramos-Martín F, El Btaouri H, Antonietti V, Sonnet P, Martiny L, Zevolini F, Falciani C, Sarazin C, D’Amelio N. The Influence of Short Motifs on the Anticancer Activity of HB43 Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1089. [PMID: 35631675 PMCID: PMC9147034 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable similarity in amino acid composition, many anticancer peptides (ACPs) display significant differences in terms of activity. This strongly suggests that particular relative dispositions of amino acids (motifs) play a role in the interaction with their biological target, which is often the cell membrane. To better verify this hypothesis, we intentionally modify HB43, an ACP active against a wide variety of cancers. Sequence alignment of related ACPs by ADAPTABLE web server highlighted the conserved motifs that could be at the origin of the activity. In this study, we show that changing the order of amino acids in such motifs results in a significant loss of activity against colon and breast cancer cell lines. On the contrary, amino acid substitution in key motifs may reinforce or weaken the activity, even when the alteration does not perturb the amphipathicity of the helix formed by HB43 on liposomes mimicking their surface. NMR and MD simulations with different membrane models (micelles, bicelles, and vesicles) indicate that the activity reflects the insertion capability in cancer-mimicking serine-exposing membranes, supported by the insertion of N-terminal phenylalanine in the FAK motif and the anchoring to the carboxylate of phosphatidylserine by means of arginine side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Herrera-León
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (C.H.-L.); (F.R.-M.); (C.S.)
| | - Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (C.H.-L.); (F.R.-M.); (C.S.)
| | - Hassan El Btaouri
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire UMR 7369 CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), 51100 Reims, France; (H.E.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Viviane Antonietti
- Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie, AGIR UR 4294, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR de Pharmacie, 80037 Amiens, France; (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie, AGIR UR 4294, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR de Pharmacie, 80037 Amiens, France; (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Laurent Martiny
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire UMR 7369 CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), 51100 Reims, France; (H.E.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Fabrizia Zevolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Catherine Sarazin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (C.H.-L.); (F.R.-M.); (C.S.)
| | - Nicola D’Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (C.H.-L.); (F.R.-M.); (C.S.)
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7
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Zhao X, Tian JJ, Yu H, Bryksa BC, Dupuis JH, Ou X, Qian Z, Song C, Wang S, Yada RY. Insights into the mechanism of membrane fusion induced by the plant defense element, plant-specific insert. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14548-14562. [PMID: 32651232 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, many natural defense mechanisms include cellular membrane fusion as a way to resist infection by external pathogens. Several plant proteins mediate membrane fusion, but the detailed mechanism by which they promote fusion is less clear. Understanding this process could provide valuable insights into these proteins' physiological functions and guide bioengineering applications (i.e. the design of antimicrobial proteins). The plant-specific insert (PSI) from Solanum tuberosum can help reduce certain pathogen attack via membrane fusion. To gain new insights into the process of PSI-induced membrane fusion, a combined approach of NMR, FRET, and in silico studies was used. Our results indicate that (i) under acidic conditions, the PSI experiences a monomer-dimer equilibrium, and the dimeric PSI induces membrane fusion below a certain critical pH; (ii) after fusion, the PSI resides in a highly dehydrated environment with limited solvent accessibility, suggesting its capability in reducing repulsive dehydration forces between liposomes to facilitate fusion; and (iii) as shown by molecular dynamics simulations, the PSI dimer can bind stably to membrane surfaces and can bridge liposomes in close proximity, a critical step for the membrane fusion. In summary, this study provides new and unique insights into the mechanisms by which the PSI and similar proteins induce membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing NMR Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jenny Jingxin Tian
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hua Yu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Brian C Bryksa
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John H Dupuis
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiuyuan Ou
- MOH Key Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Qian
- MOH Key Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Song
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shenlin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing NMR Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Rickey Y Yada
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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8
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Skjevik ÅA, Madej BD, Dickson CJ, Lin C, Teigen K, Walker RC, Gould IR. Simulation of lipid bilayer self-assembly using all-atom lipid force fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10573-84. [PMID: 27034995 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07379k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript we expand significantly on our earlier communication by investigating the bilayer self-assembly of eight different types of phospholipids in unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using three widely used all-atom lipid force fields. Irrespective of the underlying force field, the lipids are shown to spontaneously form stable lamellar bilayer structures within 1 microsecond, the majority of which display properties in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The lipids self-assemble via the same general mechanism, though at formation rates that differ both between lipid types, force fields and even repeats on the same lipid/force field combination. In addition to zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids, anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids are represented. To our knowledge this is the first time bilayer self-assembly of phospholipids with negatively charged head groups is demonstrated in all-atom MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åge A Skjevik
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0505, La Jolla, California 92093-0505, USA.
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9
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Maltsev S, Hudson SM, Sahu ID, Liu L, Lorigan GA. Solid-state NMR (31)P paramagnetic relaxation enhancement membrane protein immersion depth measurements. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4370-7. [PMID: 24689497 PMCID: PMC4002136 DOI: 10.1021/jp500267y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) is a widely used approach for measuring long-range distance constraints in biomolecular solution NMR spectroscopy. In this paper, we show that (31)P PRE solid-state NMR spectroscopy can be utilized to determine the immersion depth of spin-labeled membrane peptides and proteins. Changes in the (31)P NMR PRE times coupled with modeling studies can be used to describe the spin-label position/amino acid within the lipid bilayer and the corresponding helical tilt. This method provides valuable insight on protein-lipid interactions and membrane protein structural topology. Solid-state (31)P NMR data on the 23 amino acid α-helical nicotinic acetylcholine receptor nAChR M2δ transmembrane domain model peptide followed predicted behavior of (31)P PRE rates of the phospholipid headgroup as the spin-label moves from the membrane surface toward the center of the membrane. Residue 11 showed the smallest changes in (31)P PRE (center of the membrane), while residue 22 shows the largest (31)P PRE change (near the membrane surface), when compared to the diamagnetic control M2δ sample. This PRE SS-NMR technique can be used as a molecular ruler to measure membrane immersion depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Maltsev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Stephen M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Indra D. Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Lishan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Gary A. Lorigan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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10
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Kopec W, Khandelia H. Reinforcing the membrane-mediated mechanism of action of the anti-tuberculosis candidate drug thioridazine with molecular simulations. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:123-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-014-9737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Maltsev S, Lorigan GA. Membrane proteins structure and dynamics by nuclear magnetic resonance. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:2175-87. [PMID: 23733702 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins represent a challenging class of biological systems to study. They are extremely difficult to crystallize and in most cases they retain their structure and functions only in membrane environments. Therefore, commonly used diffraction methods fail to give detailed molecular structure and other approaches have to be utilized to obtain biologically relevant information. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, however, can provide powerful structural and dynamical constraints on these complicated systems. Solution- and solid-state NMR are powerful methods for investigating membrane proteins studies. In this work, we briefly review both solution and solid-state NMR techniques for membrane protein studies and illustrate the applications of these methods to elucidate proteins structure, conformation, topology, dynamics, and function. Recent advances in electronics, biological sample preparation, and spectral processing provided opportunities for complex biological systems, such as membrane proteins inside lipid vesicles, to be studied faster and with outstanding quality. New analysis methods therefore have emerged, that benefit from the combination of sample preparation and corresponding specific high-end NMR techniques, which give access to more structural and dynamic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Maltsev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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12
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Marbella LE, Cho HS, Spence MM. Observing the translocation of a mitochondria-penetrating peptide with solid-state NMR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1674-82. [PMID: 23567916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new class of penetrating peptides that can target the mitochondria with high specificity was recently discovered. In this work, we developed a model inner mitochondrial membrane, equipped with a transmembrane gradient, suitable for solid-state NMR experiments. Using solid-state NMR, we observed a mitochondria-penetrating peptide interacting with the model inner mitochondrial membrane to gain insight into the mechanism of translocation. The paramagnetic relaxation effect due to Mn(2+) ions on (13)C magic angle spinning NMR was used to measure the insertion depth of the peptide and its distribution in each monolayer of the membrane. We found that at low peptide concentration the peptide binds to the outer leaflet and at high concentration, it crosses the hydrophobic bilayer core and is distributed in both leaflets. In both concentration regimes, the peptide binds at the C2 position on the lipid acyl chain. The mitochondria-penetrating peptide crossed to the inner leaflet of the model membranes without disrupting the lamellarity. These results provide evidence that supports the electroporation model of translocation. We estimated the energy associated with crossing the inner mitochondrial membrane. We found that the transmembrane potential provides sufficient energy for the peptide to cross the hydrophobic core, which is the most unfavorable step in translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Marbella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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13
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Antharam VC, Elliott DW, Mills FD, Farver RS, Sternin E, Long JR. Penetration depth of surfactant peptide KL4 into membranes is determined by fatty acid saturation. Biophys J 2009; 96:4085-98. [PMID: 19450480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KL(4) is a 21-residue functional peptide mimic of lung surfactant protein B, an essential protein for lowering surface tension in the alveoli. Its ability to modify lipid properties and restore lung compliance was investigated with circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. KL(4) binds fluid lamellar phase PC/PG lipid membranes and forms an amphipathic helix that alters lipid organization and acyl chain dynamics. The binding and helicity of KL(4) is dependent on the level of monounsaturation in the fatty acid chains. At physiologic temperatures, KL(4) is more peripheral and dynamic in fluid phase POPC/POPG MLVs but is deeply inserted into fluid phase DPPC/POPG vesicles, resulting in immobilization of the peptide. Substantial increases in the acyl chain order are observed in DPPC/POPG lipid vesicles with increasing levels of KL(4), and POPC/POPG lipid vesicles show small decreases in the acyl chain order parameters on addition of KL(4). Additionally, a clear effect of KL(4) on the orientation of the fluid phase PG headgroups is observed, with similar changes in both lipid environments. Near the phase transition temperature of the DPPC/POPG lipid mixtures, which is just below the physiologic temperature of lung surfactant, KL(4) causes phase separation with the DPPC remaining in a gel phase and the POPG partitioned between gel and fluid phases. The ability of KL(4) to differentially partition into lipid lamellae containing varying levels of monounsaturation and subsequent changes in curvature strain suggest a mechanism for peptide-mediated lipid organization and trafficking within the dynamic lung environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay C Antharam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Kacher Y, Brumshtein B, Boldin-Adamsky S, Toker L, Shainskaya A, Silman I, Sussman JL, Futerman AH. Acid beta-glucosidase: insights from structural analysis and relevance to Gaucher disease therapy. Biol Chem 2008; 389:1361-9. [PMID: 18783340 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the simplest glycosphingolipid, is hydrolyzed by the lysosomal enzyme acid beta-glucosidase (GlcCerase). In the human metabolic disorder Gaucher disease, GlcCerase activity is significantly decreased owing to one of approximately 200 mutations in the GlcCerase gene. The most common therapy for Gaucher disease is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which patients are given intravenous injections of recombinant human GlcCerase; the Genzyme product Cerezyme has been used clinically for more than 15 years and is administered to approximately 4000 patients worldwide. Here we review the crystal structure of Cerezyme and other recombinant forms of GlcCerase, as well as of their complexes with covalent and non-covalent inhibitors. We also discuss the stability of Cerezyme, which can be altered by modification of its N-glycan chains with possible implications for improved ERT in Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaacov Kacher
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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15
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Antharam VC, Farver RS, Kuznetsova A, Sippel KH, Mills FD, Elliott DW, Sternin E, Long JR. Interactions of the C-terminus of lung surfactant protein B with lipid bilayers are modulated by acyl chain saturation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:2544-54. [PMID: 18694722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung surfactant protein B (SP-B) is critical to minimizing surface tension in the alveoli. The C-terminus of SP-B, residues 59-80, has much of the surface activity of the full protein and serves as a template for the development of synthetic surfactant replacements. The molecular mechanisms responsible for its ability to restore lung compliance were investigated with circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, and (31)P and (2)H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. SP-B(59-80) forms an amphipathic helix which alters lipid organization and acyl chain dynamics in fluid lamellar phase 4:1 DPPC:POPG and 3:1 POPC:POPG MLVs. At higher levels of SP-B(59-80) in the POPC:POPG lipid system a transition to a nonlamellar phase is observed while DPPC:POPG mixtures remain in a lamellar phase. Deuterium NMR shows an increase in acyl chain order in DPPC:POPG MLVs on addition of SP-B(59-80); in POPC:POPG MLVs, acyl chain order parameters decrease. Our results indicate SP-B(59-80) penetrates deeply into DPPC:POPG bilayers and binds more peripherally to POPC:POPG bilayers. Similar behavior has been observed for KL(4), a peptide mimetic of SP-B which was originally designed using SP-B(59-80) as a template and has been clinically demonstrated to be successful in treating respiratory distress syndrome. The ability of these helical peptides to differentially partition into lipid lamellae based on their degree of monounsaturation and subsequent changes in lipid dynamics suggest a mechanism for lipid organization and trafficking within the dynamic lung environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay C Antharam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and McKnight Brain Institute, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245, USA
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16
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Ramamoorthy A, Lee DK, Santos JS, Henzler-Wildman KA. Nitrogen-14 Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Aligned Phospholipid Bilayers to Probe Peptide−Lipid Interaction and Oligomerization of Membrane Associated Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11023-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja802210u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Dong-Kuk Lee
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Jose S. Santos
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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