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Liu J, Park K, Choi YJ, Lee JH, Cha JY. Genetic polymorphisms linked to extreme postorthodontic external apical root resorption in Koreans. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:23. [PMID: 38853224 PMCID: PMC11162991 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common undesirable outcome of orthodontic treatment, this study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the susceptibility to extreme orthodontic-induced EARR in a Korean population using extreme phenotype analysis sampling. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from the saliva of 77 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment involving two maxillary premolar extractions. The patients were divided into two groups based on EARR values measured on periapical radiographs: The significant resorption group (SG, EARR ≥ 4 mm) and the normal group (NG, EARR < 2 mm). In the NG group, patients with EARR < 1 mm were named the non-resorption group (NonG). Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed using the screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and firth logistic regression analysis was used to determine genetic associations with EARR. Haplotype-based association analysis was performed for specific SNPs. RESULTS SNPs related to genes TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, WNT3A, SFRP2, LRP6, P2RX7, and LRP1 were found to be significantly associated with severe EARR (p < 0.05, pre-Bonferroni correction p-values). Additionally, the haplotype CCA of rs17525809, rs208294, and rs1718119 P2RX7 had a higher frequency in the SG group. CONCLUSION Extreme phenotype analysis has identified eleven SNPs related to genes TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, WNT3A, SFRP2, LRP6, P2RX7, and LRP1 that are associated with severe root resorption in the Korean population. These findings will contribute to the development of predictive diagnostic tools for identifying severe root resorption that may occur during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Li J, Liu Z, Ren Y, Shao H, Li S. LRP5-/6 gene polymorphisms and its association with risk of abnormal bone mass in postmenopausal women. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:369. [PMID: 37202775 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess LRP5-/6 gene polymorphisms and its association with risk of abnormal bone mass (ABM) in postmenopausal women. METHODS The study recruited 166 patients with ABM (case group) and 106 patients with normal bone mass (control group) based on bone mineral density (BMD) results. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the interaction between the Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene (rs41494349, rs2306862) and the Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) gene (rs10743980, rs2302685) and the subjects' clinical characteristics of age and menopausal years. RESULTS (1) Logistic regression analysis showed that the subjects with the CT or TT genotype at rs2306862 had a higher risk of ABM than those with the CC genotype (OR = 2.353, 95%CI = 1.039-6.186; OR = 2.434, 95%CI = 1.071, 5.531; P < 0.05). The subjects with the TC genotype at rs2302685 had a higher risk of ABM than those with the TT genotype (OR = 2.951, 95%CI = 1.030-8.457, P < 0.05). (2) When taking the three Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) together, the accuracy was the highest with the cross-validation consistency of 10/10 (OR = 1.504, 95%CI:1.092-2.073, P < 0.05), indicating that the LRP5 rs41494349 and LRP6 rs10743980, rs2302685 were interactively associated with the risk of ABM. (3) Linkage disequilibrium (LD) results revealed that the LRP5 (rs41494349,rs2306862) were in strong LD (D' > 0.9, r2 > 0.3). AC and AT haplotypes were significantly more frequently distributed in the ABM group than in the control group, indicating that subjects carrying the AC and AT haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of ABM (P < 0.01). (4) MDR showed that rs41494349 & rs2302685 & rs10743980 & age were the best model for ABM prediction. The risk of ABM in "high-risk combination" was 1.00 times that of "low-risk combination"(OR = 1.005, 95%CI: 1.002-1.008, P < 0.05). (5) MDR showed that there was no significant association between any of the SNPs and menopausal years and ABM susceptibility. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that LRP5-rs2306862 and LRP6-rs2302685 polymorphisms and gene-gene and gene-age interactions may increase the risk of ABM in postmenopausal women. There was no significant association between any of the SNPs and menopausal years and ABM susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, 107 North Second Road, Hongshan Sub-District, Shihezi City, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zebing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, 107 North Second Road, Hongshan Sub-District, Shihezi City, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, 107 North Second Road, Hongshan Sub-District, Shihezi City, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Shao
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Liu Z, Li B, Hu H, Li X, Zhang X. Potential of RNA-binding protein human antigen R as a driver of osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:234. [PMID: 35414004 PMCID: PMC9003960 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has correlated the human antigen R (HuR) with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) gene, an important therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Herein, we sought to probe the regulatory role of HuR in the LRP6 gene and their interaction in the progression of osteoporosis. Methods HuR and downstream potential target genes were predicted by bioinformatics analysis to identify their potential functions in bone metabolism following osteoporosis. The effect of HuR on the osteoblastic differentiation and viability and apoptosis of mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) was evaluated after artificial modulation of HuR expression. Results Bone phenotypes were observed in ovariectomized mice in response to adenovirus-mediated HuR overexpression. Poor expression of HuR was identified in the bone tissues of ovariectomized mice. Silencing of HuR inhibited the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, as evidenced by decreased expression of Runx2 and Osterix along with reduced ALP activity. Mechanistically, HuR stabilized LRP6 mRNA and promoted its translation by binding to the 3'UTR of LRP6 mRNA, leading to activation of the downstream Wnt pathway. By this mechanism, osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was induced. In ovariectomized mice, overexpression of HuR alleviated osteoporosis-related phenotypes. Conclusion Overall, these data together support the promoting role of HuR in the osteoblastic differentiation, highlighting a potential novel strategy for osteoporosis treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-022-03073-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Baitao Li
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Usategui-Martín R, Pérez-Castrillón JL, Mansego ML, Lara-Hernández F, Manzano I, Briongos L, Abadía-Otero J, Martín-Vallejo J, García-García AB, Martín-Escudero JC, Chaves FJ. Association between genetic variants in oxidative stress-related genes and osteoporotic bone fracture. The Hortega follow-up study. Gene 2022; 809:146036. [PMID: 34688818 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The most widely accepted etiopathogenesis hypothesis of the origin of osteoporosis and its complications is that they are a consequence of bone aging and other environmental factors, together with a genetic predisposition. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress is crucial in bone pathologies associated with aging. The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic variants in oxidative stress-related genes modified the risk of osteoporotic fracture. We analysed 221 patients and 354 controls from the HORTEGA sample after 12-14 years of follow up. We studied the genotypic and allelic distribution of 53 SNPs in 24 genes involved in oxidative stress. The results showed that being a carrier of the variant allele of the SNP rs4077561 within TXNRD1 was the principal genetic risk factor associated with osteoporotic fracture and that variant allele of the rs1805754 M6PR, rs4964779 TXNRD1, rs406113 GPX6, rs2281082 TXN2 and rs974334 GPX6 polymorphisms are important genetic risk factors for fracture. This study provides information on the genetic factors associated with oxidative stress which are involved in the risk of osteoporotic fracture and reinforces the hypothesis that genetic factors are crucial in the etiopathogenesis of osteoporosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- IOBA, University of Valladolid, Valladolid. Spain; Cooperative Health Network for Research (RETICS), Oftared, National Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid. Spain.
| | - José Luis Pérez-Castrillón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rio Hortega Universitary Hospital, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine. University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - María L Mansego
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; Department of Bioinformatics. Making Genetics S.L. Pamplona. Spain
| | | | - Iris Manzano
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laisa Briongos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rio Hortega Universitary Hospital, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine. University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesica Abadía-Otero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rio Hortega Universitary Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Vallejo
- Department of Statistics. University of Salamanca. Salamanca Biomedical Research Institute (IBSAL), Salamanca. Spain
| | - Ana B García-García
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid. Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martín-Escudero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rio Hortega Universitary Hospital, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine. University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Felipe J Chaves
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid. Spain
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Skripnikova IA, Kolchina MA, Meshkov AN, Kiseleva AV, Drapkina OM. Arterial calcification, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis: only clinical associations or a genetic platform? КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the comorbidity of two multifactorial diseases — atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Numerous epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the relationship between these diseases based on common risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms. At the same time, to assess the associations between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases, the following surrogate markers are used: vascular calcification, vascular stiffness, bone mineral density. It is known that atherosclerosis and osteoporosis depend on the human genotype, and they are caused by the interaction between the environment and genes. The modifiable risk factors for these diseases are largely similar, and the common features of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis pathogenesis make it possible to formulate the concept of a unified genetic basis of their development. Advances in molecular technology have made it possible to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and successfully identify genetic markers associated with both atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. The review aim was to describe the genes associated with developing atherosclerosis, arterial calcification and osteoporosis, as well as to provide information on the current understanding of the general genetic basis for plaque formation, vascular calcium deposition, and a decrease in bone mass. The analysis of publications from the PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases since 2000 have been carried out. The article describes the genetic markers associated with atherosclerosis and osteoporosis, as well as considers the achievements in studying genetics of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases. In addition, modern approaches and directions for further research of these diseases was established. The review can be useful for medical practitioners to clarify various genetic associations and mechanisms that lead to this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Skripnikova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - M. A. Kolchina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. N. Meshkov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. V. Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Wang QF, Bi HS, Qin ZL, Wang P, Nie FF, Zhang GW. Associations of LRP5 Gene With Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, and Fractures in the Elderly With Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:571549. [PMID: 33101205 PMCID: PMC7545741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.571549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to explore the associations of rs4988300 and rs634008 in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene with bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers (BTM), and fractures in elderly patients with osteoporosis (OP). Methods: Our study included 328 unrelated OP patients with or without fractures. Genomic DNA was extracted for genotyping. BTM levels were assessed by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was employed to measure BMD in the lumbar spine (LS) and proximal femur. Basic features between the OP and fracture groups were analyzed using the t-test. The Chi-square test was performed to analyze the differences in allele and genotype frequencies. The associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with BMD and BTM in the subgroups were investigated by the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for confounding factors. Results: In both females and males, individuals with fractures exhibited higher BTM levels and lower BMD values than those with OP (P < 0.05). The allele and genotype frequencies of rs4988300 in the subgroups were significantly different (P < 0.05). In both females and males suffering from OP, participants with rs4988300 GG or rs634008 TT presented lower procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) levels (P < 0.05). Women with OP carrying rs4988300 GG exhibited lower BMD values at FN and TH (P < 0.05). In both females and males with fractures, individuals carrying rs4988300 GG genotype or rs634008 TT genotype exhibited lower PINP levels and BMD values at FN and TH than those with other genotypes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Rs4988300 and rs634008 polymorphisms in the LRP5 gene are associated with bone phenotypes in the elderly with OP or fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Fei Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Sen Bi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Lian Qin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ze-Lian Qin
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Fei Nie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Wu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Guang-Wu Zhang
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Shin T, Shapiro JR. Adult Osteoporosis With a History of Childhood-Onset Fracture Due to an LRP5 Receptor Variant Mutation. AACE Clin Case Rep 2019; 5:e362-e364. [DOI: 10.4158/accr-2019-0219.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Shao C, Wang YW, He JW, Fu WZ, Wang C, Zhang ZL. Genetic variants in the PLS3 gene are associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal Chinese women. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1212-1218. [PMID: 30837644 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastin 3 (PLS3) has been identified as a candidate gene for bone fragility in the Rotterdam study (RS) population. So far, however, whether PLS3 polymorphisms are genetic risk factors for osteoporosis in Asian population remains unclear. In order to investigate the association between genetic variants in PLS3 and the risk of fragility fracture and/or bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Chinese women, we conducted a case-control association study. A total of 1083 postmenopausal patients with osteoporotic fractures and 2578 unrelated non-fracture controls in Shanghai were enrolled. Seven SNPs, including six tagSNPs in PLS3 and one identified genetic risk factor (rs140121121) for osteoporosis in the RS population, were genotyped in all the participants. BMD at lumbar spine and hip sites were measured in 2578 controls. Association between SNPs and the risk of osteoporotic fractures and/or BMD were analyzed. The GC genotype of rs757124 and AC genotype of rs10521693 were associated with lumbar vertebral fracture (P = 0.020 and 0.046, respectively). The association between tagSNPs and BMD were analyzed only in 2546 controls to avoid biased conclusion. rs757124 was significantly associated with BMD at lumbar spine and hip sites. GG genotype had the highest BMD at lumbar spine (L1-4), while CC genotype had the highest BMD at hip sites. Our results suggest that polymorphisms in PLS3 are genetic loci for osteoporosis in postmenopausal Chinese women.
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Qiu C, Shen H, Fu X, Xu C, Deng H. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Novel Functional CpG-SNPs Associated with Bone Mineral Density at Lumbar Spine. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:6407257. [PMID: 30159320 PMCID: PMC6109501 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6407257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious public health issue, which is mostly characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). To search for additional genetic susceptibility loci underlying BMD variation, an effective strategy is to focus on testing of specific variants with high potential of functional effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that introduce or disrupt CpG dinucleotides (CpG-SNPs) may alter DNA methylation levels and thus represent strong candidate functional variants. Here, we performed a targeted GWAS for 63,627 potential functional CpG-SNPs that may affect DNA methylation in bone-related cells, in five independent cohorts (n = 5905). By meta-analysis, 9 CpG-SNPs achieved a genome-wide significance level (p < 7.86 × 10-7) for association with lumbar spine BMD and additional 15 CpG-SNPs showed suggestive significant (p < 5.00 × 10-5) association, of which 2 novel SNPs rs7231498 (NFATC1) and rs7455028 (ESR1) also reached a genome-wide significance level in the joint analysis. Several identified CpG-SNPs were mapped to genes that have not been reported for association with BMD in previous GWAS, such as NEK3 and NFATC1 genes, highlighting the enhanced power of targeted association analysis for identification of novel associations that were missed by traditional GWAS. Interestingly, several genomic regions, such as NEK3 and LRP5 regions, contained multiple significant/suggestive CpG-SNPs for lumbar spine BMD, suggesting that multiple neighboring CpG-SNPs may synergistically mediate the DNA methylation level and gene expression pattern of target genes. Furthermore, functional annotation analyses suggested a strong regulatory potential of the identified BMD-associated CpG-SNPs and a significant enrichment in biological processes associated with protein localization and protein signal transduction. Our results provided novel insights into the genetic basis of BMD variation and highlighted the close connections between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qiu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Farr JN, Weivoda MM, Nicks KM, Fraser DG, Negley BA, Onken JL, Thicke BS, Ruan M, Liu H, Forrest D, Hawse JR, Khosla S, Monroe DG. Osteoprotection Through the Deletion of the Transcription Factor Rorβ in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:720-731. [PMID: 29206307 PMCID: PMC5925424 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need to identify new molecular targets for the treatment of osteoporosis, particularly those that simultaneously inhibit bone resorption while stimulating bone formation. We have previously shown in overexpression studies that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Rorβ) suppresses in vitro osteoblast differentiation. In addition, the expression of Rorβ is markedly increased in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with aging in both mice and humans. Here we establish a critical role for Rorβ in regulating bone metabolism using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing to demonstrate that loss of Rorβ in osteoblasts enhances Wnt signaling, specifically through increased recruitment of β-catenin to T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (Tcf/Lef) DNA binding sites in the promoters of the Wnt target genes Tcf7 and Opg. This resulted in increased osteogenic gene expression and suppressed osteoclast formation through increased osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion in Rorβ-deficient cells. Consistent with our in vitro data, genetic deletion of Rorβ in both female and male mice resulted in preserved bone mass and microarchitecture with advancing age due to increased bone formation with a concomitant decrease in resorption. The improved skeletal phenotype in the Rorβ-/- mice was also associated with increased bone protein levels of TCF7 and OPG. These data demonstrate that loss of Rorβ has beneficial skeletal effects by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption, at least in part through β-catenin-dependent activation of the Wnt pathway. Thus, inhibition of Rorβ represents a novel approach to potentially prevent or reverse osteoporosis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Megan M Weivoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristy M Nicks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel G Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brittany A Negley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Onken
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brianne S Thicke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yu H, Jiang L, Wan B, Zhang W, Yao L, Che T, Gan C, Su N, He J, Huang J, Zhang K, Zhang Y. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in bone remodeling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 134:44-49. [PMID: 29277341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a persistent process for maintaining skeletal system homeostasis, and it depends on the dynamic equilibrium between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in regulating skeletal system. In order to better understand the role of Ahr in bone remodeling, we focused on bone remodeling characteristic, and the effects of Ahr on bone formation and differentiation, which suggest that Ahr is a critical control factor in the process of bone remodeling. Moreover, we discussed the impacts of Ahr on several signaling pathways related to bone remodeling, hoping to provide a theoretical basis to improve bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Bo Wan
- The 3rd and 4th Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cental Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Liqiong Yao
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, East road no. 110 nanhe yantan, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Chao Gan
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jinchun He
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jintian Huang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Kaiyun Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
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12
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Sennello JA, Misharin AV, Flozak AS, Berdnikovs S, Cheresh P, Varga J, Kamp DW, Budinger GRS, Gottardi CJ, Lam AP. Lrp5/β-Catenin Signaling Controls Lung Macrophage Differentiation and Inhibits Resolution of Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:191-201. [PMID: 27668462 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0147oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies established that attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling limits lung fibrosis in the bleomycin mouse model of this disease, but the contribution of this pathway to distinct lung cell phenotypes relevant to tissue repair and fibrosis remains incompletely understood. Using microarray analysis, we found that bleomycin-injured lungs from mice that lack the Wnt coreceptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5) and exhibit reduced fibrosis showed enrichment for pathways related to extracellular matrix processing, immunity, and lymphocyte proliferation, suggesting the contribution of an immune-matrix remodeling axis relevant to fibrosis. Activation of β-catenin signaling was seen in lung macrophages using the β-catenin reporter mouse, Axin2+/LacZ. Analysis of lung immune cells by flow cytometry after bleomycin administration revealed that Lrp5-/- lungs contained significantly fewer Siglec Flow alveolar macrophages, a cell type previously implicated as positive effectors of fibrosis. Macrophage-specific deletion of β-catenin in CD11ccre;β-cateninflox mice did not prevent development of bleomycin-induced fibrosis but facilitated its resolution by 8 weeks. In a nonresolving model of fibrosis, intratracheal administration of asbestos in Lrp5-/- mice also did not prevent the development of fibrosis but hindered the progression of fibrosis in asbestos-treated Lrp5-/- lungs, phenocopying the findings in bleomycin-treated CD11ccre;β-cateninflox mice. Activation of β-catenin signaling using lithium chloride resulted in worsened fibrosis in wild-type mice, further supporting that the effects of loss of Lrp5 are directly mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Together, these data suggest that lung myeloid cells are responsive to Lrp5/β-catenin signaling, leading to differentiation of an alveolar macrophage subtype that antagonizes the resolution of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Cheresh
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - John Varga
- 3 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David W Kamp
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | | | - Anna P Lam
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
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13
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Burgers TA, Vivanco JF, Zahatnansky J, Moren AJV, Mason JJ, Williams BO. Mice with a heterozygous Lrp6 deletion have impaired fracture healing. Bone Res 2016; 4:16025. [PMID: 27635281 PMCID: PMC5011612 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture non-unions, the failure of a fracture to heal, occur in 10%–20% of fractures and are a costly and debilitating clinical problem. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical in bone development and fracture healing. Polymorphisms of linking low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a Wnt-binding receptor, have been associated with decreased bone mineral density and fragility fractures, although this remains controversial. Mice with a homozygous deletion of Lrp6 have severe skeletal abnormalities and are not viable, whereas mice with a heterozygous deletion have a combinatory effect with Lrp5 to decrease bone mineral density. As fracture healing closely models embryonic skeletal development, we investigated the process of fracture healing in mice heterozygous for Lrp6 (Lrp6+/−) and hypothesized that the heterozygous deletion of Lrp6 would impair fracture healing. Mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were induced in Lrp6+/− mice and wild-type controls (Lrp6+/+). Fractures were analyzed using micro-computed tomography (μCT) scans, biomechanical testing, and histological analysis. Lrp6+/− mice had significantly decreased stiffness and strength at 28 days post fracture (PF) and significantly decreased BV/TV, total density, immature bone density, and mature area within the callus on day-14 and -21 PF; they had significantly increased empty callus area at days 14 and 21 PF. Our results demonstrate that the heterozygous deletion of Lrp6 impairs fracture healing, which suggests that Lrp6 has a role in fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Burgers
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Juan F Vivanco
- Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Adolfo Ibáñez University , Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Juraj Zahatnansky
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J Vander Moren
- Padnos College of Engineering and Computing, Grand Valley State University , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - James J Mason
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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14
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Horváth P, Balla B, Kósa JP, Tóbiás B, Szili B, Kirschner G, Győri G, Kató K, Lakatos P, Takács I. Strong effect of SNP rs4988300 of the LRP5 gene on bone phenotype of Caucasian postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:79-85. [PMID: 25762437 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of the Wnt pathway and bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal women. We chose this pathway due to its importance in bone metabolism that was underlined in several studies. DNA samples of 932 Hungarian postmenopausal women were studied. First, their BMD values at different sites (spine, total hip) were measured, using a Lunar Prodigy DXA scanner. Thereafter, T-score values and the patients' body mass indices (BMIs) were calculated, while information about the fracture history of the sample population was also collected. We genotyped nine SNPs of the following three genes: LRP5, GPR177, and SP7, using a Sequenom MassARRAY Analyzer 4 instrument. The genomic DNA samples used for genotyping were extracted from the buccal mucosa of the subjects. Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 21 and R package. The results of this analysis showed a significant association between SNP rs4988300 of the LRP5 gene and total hip BMD values. We could not reveal any associations between the markers of GPR177, SP7, and bone phenotypes. We found no effect of these genotypes on fracture risk. We could demonstrate a significant gene-gene interaction between two SNPs of LRP5 (rs4988300 and rs634008, p = 0.009) which was lost after Bonferroni correction. We could firmly demonstrate a significant association between rs4988300 of the LRP5 gene and bone density of the hip on the largest homogeneous postmenopausal study group analyzed to date. Our finding corroborates the relationship between LRP5 genotype and bone phenotype in postmenopausal women, however, the complete mechanism of this relationship requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Horváth
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Bernadett Balla
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - János P Kósa
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Bálint Tóbiás
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Balázs Szili
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kirschner
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Győri
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karina Kató
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Péter Lakatos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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15
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Ashouri E, Meimandi EM, Saki F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Omrani GR, Bakhshayeshkaram M. The impact of LRP5 polymorphism (rs556442) on calcium homeostasis, bone mineral density, and body composition in Iranian children. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:651-7. [PMID: 25515155 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Failure to achieve optimal bone mass in childhood is the primary cause of decreased adult bone mineral density (BMD) and increased bone fragility in later life. Activating and inactivating LRP5 gene mutations has been associated with extreme bone-related phenotypes. Our aim was to investigate the role of LRP5 polymorphism on BMD, mineral biochemical parameters, and body composition in Iranian children. This cross-sectional study was performed on 9-18 years old children (125 boys, 137 girls). The serum level of calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D parameters were checked. The body composition and BMD variables were measured by the Hologic system DXA. The rs566442 (V1119V) coding polymorphism in exon 15 of LRP5 was performed using PCR-RFLP method. Linear regression analysis, with adjustment for age, gender, body size parameters, and pubertal status was used to determine the association between LRP5 polymorphism (rs556442) and bone and body composition parameters. The allele frequency of the rs566442 gene was 35.5 % A and 63.9 % G. Our study revealed that LRP5 (rs556442) has not any significant influence on serum calcium, phosphorus, 25OHvitD, and serum alkaline phosphatase (P > 0.05). Total lean mass was greater in GG genotype (P = 0.028). Total body less head area (P = 0.044), spine BMD (P = 0.04), and total femoral BMC (P = 0.049) were lower in AG heterozygote genotype. This study show LRP5 polymorphism may associate with body composition and BMD in Iranian children. However, further investigations should be done to evaluate the role of other polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ashouri
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Mahmoodi Meimandi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Saki
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Gholamhossein Ranjbar Omrani
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Bakhshayeshkaram
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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16
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Lam AP, Herazo-Maya JD, Sennello JA, Flozak AS, Russell S, Mutlu GM, Budinger GRS, DasGupta R, Varga J, Kaminski N, Gottardi CJ. Wnt coreceptor Lrp5 is a driver of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:185-95. [PMID: 24921217 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201401-0079oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in lung fibrosis, but how this occurs and whether expression changes in Wnt pathway components predict disease progression is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether the Wnt coreceptor Lrp5 drives pulmonary fibrosis in mice and is predictive of disease severity in humans. METHODS We examined mice with impaired Wnt signaling caused by loss of the Wnt coreceptor Lrp5 in models of lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin or an adenovirus encoding an active form of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. We also analyzed gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In patients with IPF, analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed that elevation of positive regulators, Lrp5 and 6, was independently associated with disease progression. LRP5 was also associated with disease severity at presentation in an additional cohort of patients with IPF. Lrp5 null mice were protected against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, an effect that was phenocopied by direct inhibition of β-catenin signaling by the small molecular inhibitor of β-catenin responsive transcription. Transplantation of Lrp5 null bone marrow cells into wild-type mice did not limit fibrosis. Instead, Lrp5 loss was associated with reduced TGF-β production by alveolar type 2 cells and leukocytes. Consistent with a role of Lrp5 in the activation of TGF-β, Lrp5 null mice were not protected against lung fibrosis induced by TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS We show that the Wnt coreceptor, Lrp5, is a genetic driver of lung fibrosis in mice and a marker of disease progression and severity in humans with IPF. Evidence that TGF-β signaling can override a loss in Lrp5 has implications for patient selection and timing of Wnt pathway inhibitors in lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Lam
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
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17
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Desiderio V, Tirino V, Papaccio G, Paino F. Bone defects: Molecular and cellular therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:75-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Jia YY, Li F, Geng N, Gong P, Huang SJ, Meng LX, Lan J, Ban Y. Fluid flow modulates the expression of genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoblasts in 3D culture conditions. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1282-8. [PMID: 24626746 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation maintains bone mass, while mechanical loads stimulate bone formation and suppress resorption. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this process have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we assessed whether mechanical stimulation by pulsating fluid flow (PFF) leads to functional Wnt production and affects the function of osteoblasts. ROS17/2.8 osteoblasts were submitted to 1-4 h PFF (0.8 Pa) by three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system with fluid flow. PFF upregulated the gene expression levels of adenomatous polyposis coli, alkaline phosphatase, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), Wnt3a and β-catenin [catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1)] in all the groups of osteoblasts. Our results suggest that mechanical stimulation by PFF induces the differentiation of osteoblasts and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a 3D cell culture system. Furthermore, mechanical stress plays an important role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and is involved in bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Xian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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19
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Yi J, Cai Y, Yao Z, Lin J. Genetic analysis of the relationship between bone mineral density and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene polymorphisms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85052. [PMID: 24376863 PMCID: PMC3871666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have examined the association between the polymorphisms of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene (LRP5), but previous results have been inconclusive. Thus we performed a meta-analysis of studies on the association between the LRP5 polymorphisms and bone mineral density (BMD) to assess their pooled effects. Methods Published literature from PubMed, EMBASE and ISI web of science were searched for eligible publications. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed- or random-effects model. Results A total of 19 studies with 25773 subjects were considered in this meta-analysis. Of them, 17 examined the association between the A1330V polymorphism and BMD, 8 were focused on the V667M polymorphism, and 2 analyzed the Q89R polymorphism. Individuals with the A1330V AA genotype showed significantly higher BMD than those with the AV/VV genotypes [at lumbar spine (LS): WMD = 0.02g/cm2, 95% CI = 0.01-0.03, P < 10-4; at femur neck (FN): WMD = 0.01g/cm2, 95% CI = 0.00-0.02, P = 0.01] or VV genotype (at LS: WMD = 0.02g/cm2, 95% CI = 0.01-0.04, P = 0.01). Significant associations were also detected in the analysis for V667M (VV vs. VM/MM: WMD at LS = 0.02g/cm2, 95% CI = 0.02-0.03, P < 10-5; WMD at FN = 0.01g/cm2, 95% CI = 0.01-0.02, P = 0.0002). As for Q89R, subjects with the QQ genotype tended to have higher BMD than those with the QR/RR genotypes at FN (WMD = 0.03g/cm2, 95% CI = 0.01-0.05, P = 0.005). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that the LRP5 polymorphisms may be modestly associated with BMD of LS and FN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Maruotti N, Corrado A, Neve A, Cantatore FP. Systemic effects of Wnt signaling. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1428-32. [PMID: 23359342 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a key role in several physiological and pathological aspects. Even if Wnt signal was first described more than 20 years ago, its role in systemic effects, such as angiogenesis and vascular disorders, bone biology, autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, and neoplastic disorders, was only recently emerged through the use of animal and in vitro models. Moreover, Wnt signaling inhibitors, such as DKK-1, may be advantageously considered targets for the treatment of several diseases, including osteoporosis, vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, and cancer. Nevertheless, further studies are required to provide a complete understanding of this complex signaling pathway, and especially of its role in human diseases, considering the possible advantageous effects of Wnt signaling inhibitors on the progression of disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Maruotti
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
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21
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Contribution of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to Wnt pathway activity in prevalent skeletal disorders. Gene 2013; 532:165-72. [PMID: 24096177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that the expression of Wnt-related genes is lower in osteoporotic hip fractures than in osteoarthritis. We aimed to confirm those results by analyzing β-catenin levels and explored potential genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved. β-Catenin gene expression and nuclear levels were analyzed by real time PCR and confocal immunofluorescence. Increased nuclear β-catenin was found in osteoblasts isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (99 ± 4 units vs. 76 ± 12, p=0.01, n=10), without differences in gene transcription, which is consistent with a post-translational down-regulation of β-catenin and decreased Wnt pathway activity. Twenty four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes showing differential expression between fractures and osteoarthritis (WNT4, WNT10A, WNT16 and SFRP1) were analyzed in DNA isolated from blood of 853 patients. The genotypic frequencies were similar in both groups of patients, with no significant differences. Methylation of Wnt pathway genes was analyzed in bone tissue samples (15 with fractures and 15 with osteoarthritis) by interrogating a CpG-based methylation array. Six genes showed significant methylation differences between both groups of patients: FZD10, TBL1X, CSNK1E, WNT8A, CSNK1A1L and SFRP4. The DNA demethylating agent 5-deoxycytidine up-regulated 8 genes, including FZD10, in an osteoblast-like cell line, whereas it down-regulated other 16 genes. In conclusion, Wnt activity is reduced in patients with hip fractures, in comparison with those with osteoarthritis. It does not appear to be related to differences in the allele frequencies of the Wnt genes studied. On the other hand, methylation differences between both groups could contribute to explain the differences in Wnt activity.
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Key Words
- 5-aza-2-deoxy-azacytidine
- AzadC
- Bone diseases
- C-terminal binding protein 1
- CACYBP
- CAMK2G
- CSNK1A1
- CSNK1A1L
- CSNK1E
- CTBP1
- Ct
- DNA methylation
- FDR
- FOS-like antigen 1
- FOSL1
- FRZB
- FZD10
- Fractures
- GSK3B
- GWAS
- HWE
- Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- LRP5
- PLCB3
- PPP2R1A
- RHOA
- SFRP1
- SFRP4
- TATA box binding protein
- TBL1X
- TBP
- WNT10A
- WNT16
- WNT4
- WNT8A
- Wnt
- calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma
- calcyclin binding protein
- casein kinase 1, alpha 1
- casein kinase 1, alpha 1-like
- casein kinase 1, epsilon
- false discovery rate
- frizzled homolog 10
- frizzled-related protein
- genome-wide association study
- glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- lipoprotein receptor related protein 5
- phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)
- protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit A, alpha isoform
- ras homolog gene family, member A
- secreted frizzled-related protein 1
- secreted frizzled-related protein 4
- threshold cycle
- transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10A
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 16
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 8A
- β-Catenin
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Boudin E, Fijalkowski I, Piters E, Van Hul W. The role of extracellular modulators of canonical Wnt signaling in bone metabolism and diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:220-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bollerslev J, Henriksen K, Nielsen MF, Brixen K, Van Hul W. Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis revisited: lessons from recent studies. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:R39-57. [PMID: 23744590 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systematic studies of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) were followed by the identification of underlying mutations giving unique possibilities to perform translational studies. What was previously designated ADO1 turned out to be a high bone mass phenotype caused by a missense mutation in the first propeller of LRP5, a region of importance for binding inhibitory proteins. Thereby, ADO1 cannot be regarded as a classical form of osteopetrosis but must now be considered a disease of LRP5 activation. ADO (Albers-Schönberg disease, or previously ADO2) is characterized by increased number of osteoclasts and a defect in the chloride transport system (ClC-7) of importance for acidification of the resorption lacuna (a form of Chloride Channel 7 Deficiency Osteopetrosis). Ex vivo studies of osteoclasts from ADO have shown that cells do form normally but have reduced resorption capacity and an expanded life span. Bone formation seems normal despite decreased osteoclast function. Uncoupling of formation from resorption makes ADO of interest for new strategies for treatment of osteoporosis. Recent studies have integrated bone metabolism in whole-body energy homeostasis. Patients with ADO may have decreased insulin levels indicating importance beyond bone metabolism. There seems to be a paradigm shift in the treatment of osteoporosis. Targeting ClC-7 might introduce a new principle of dual action. Drugs affecting ClC-7 could be antiresorptive, still allowing ongoing bone formation. Inversely, drugs affecting the inhibitory site of LRP5 might stimulate bone formation and inhibit resorption. Thereby, these studies have highlighted several intriguing treatment possibilities, employing novel modes of action, which could provide benefits to the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Medical Clinic B, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
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Alarcón MA, Medina MA, Hu Q, Avila ME, Bustos BI, Pérez-Palma E, Peralta A, Salazar P, Ugarte GD, Reyes AE, Martin GM, Opazo C, Moon RT, De Ferrari GV. A novel functional low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 gene alternative splice variant is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1709.e9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kim JH, Liu X, Wang J, Chen X, Zhang H, Kim SH, Cui J, Li R, Zhang W, Kong Y, Zhang J, Shui W, Lamplot J, Rogers MR, Zhao C, Wang N, Rajan P, Tomal J, Statz J, Wu N, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC. Wnt signaling in bone formation and its therapeutic potential for bone diseases. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2013; 5:13-31. [PMID: 23514963 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x12466608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role not only in embryonic development but also in the maintenance and differentiation of the stem cells in adulthood. In particular, Wnt signaling has been shown as an important regulatory pathway in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Induction of the Wnt signaling pathway promotes bone formation while inactivation of the pathway leads to osteopenic states. Our current understanding of Wnt signaling in osteogenesis elucidates the molecular mechanisms of classic osteogenic pathologies. Activating and inactivating aberrations of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in osteogenesis results in sclerosteosis and osteoporosis respectively. Recent studies have sought to target the Wnt signaling pathway to treat osteogenic disorders. Potential therapeutic approaches attempt to stimulate the Wnt signaling pathway by upregulating the intracellular mediators of the Wnt signaling cascade and inhibiting the endogenous antagonists of the pathway. Antibodies against endogenous antagonists, such as sclerostin and dickkopf-1, have demonstrated promising results in promoting bone formation and fracture healing. Lithium, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, has also been reported to stimulate osteogenesis by stabilizing β catenin. Although manipulating the Wnt signaling pathway has abundant therapeutic potential, it requires cautious approach due to risks of tumorigenesis. The present review discusses the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in osteogenesis and examines its targeted therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Association of LRP5 haplotypes with osteoporosis in Mexican women. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2705-10. [PMID: 23242660 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common health problem in Mexico, so it is essential to investigate the status of different gene polymorphisms that could serve as genetic susceptibility markers in the Mexican population. Genes with a role in bone metabolism are excellent candidates for association studies. In this study were determined the allelic and genotypic frequencies of four polymorphic markers (C/T rs3736228, G/A rs4988321, T/C rs627174 and T/C rs901824) in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene (LRP5) and their association with osteoporosis in 100 pos-menopausal osteoporotic Mexican women and their controls, using real time-PCR and TaqMan probes. Only the G/A polymorphism (rs4988321, Val667Met) showed significant differences (p = 0.039) when genotype frequencies were compared. However, when the haplotypes of these four polymorphisms were analyzed, interesting associations became evident. The CGTT haplotype showed significant association with low risk of osteoporosis (OR 0.629; p = 0.007; [95 % CI, 0.448-0.884]), whereas the TACT haplotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis (OR 7.965; p = 0.006; [95 % CI, 1.557-54.775]). Our results supported the association of LRP5 with osteoporosis and showed the potential value of LRP5 haplotypes to identify risk of osteoporosis in Mexican population.
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, He JW, Gu JM, Hu WW, Hu YQ, Li M, Liu YJ, Fu WZ, Yue H, Ke YH, Zhang ZL. Susceptibility genes for osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal Chinese women. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2582-91. [PMID: 22807154 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To identify the susceptibility genes for osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal Chinese women, a two-stage case-control association study using joint analysis was conducted in 1046 patients with nontraumatic vertebra, hip, or distal radius fractures and 2303 healthy controls. First, 113 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16 potential osteoporosis candidate genes reported in recent genomewide association studies, meta-analyses studies, large-scale association studies, and functional studies were genotyped in a small-sample-size subgroup consisting of 541 patients with osteoporotic fractures and 554 healthy controls. Variants and haplotypes in SPTBN1, TNFRSF11B, CNR2, LRP4, and ESR1 that have been identified as being associated with osteoporotic fractures were further reanalyzed in the entire case-control group. We identified one SNP in TNFRSF11B (rs3102734), three SNPs in ESR1 (rs9397448, rs2234693, and rs1643821), two SNPs in LRP4 (rs17790156 and rs898604), and four SNPs in SPTBN1 (rs2971886, rs2941583, rs2941584, and rs12475342) were associated with all of the broadly defined osteoporotic fractures. The most significant polymorphism was rs3102734, with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.55, Bonferroni p = 2.6 × 10(-4) ). Furthermore, rs3102734, rs2941584, rs12475342, rs9397448, rs2234693, and rs898604 exhibited significant allelic, genotypic, and/or haplotypic associations with vertebral fractures. SNPs rs12475342, rs9397448, and rs2234693 showed significant genotypic associations with hip fractures, whereas rs3102734, rs2073617, rs1643821, rs12475342, and rs2971886 exhibited significant genotypic and/or haplotypic associations with distal radius fractures. Accordingly, we suggest that in addition to the clinical risk factors, the variants in TNFRSF11B, SPTBN1, ESR1, and LRP4 are susceptibility genetic loci for osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Association Study of Sirtuin 1 Polymorphisms with Bone Mineral Density and Body Mass Index. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:363-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Oishi Y, Watanabe Y, Shinoda S, Naka M, Ozawa Y, Matsuyama T, Morozumi K, Fuke Y. The IL6 gene polymorphism -634C>G and IL17F gene polymorphism 7488T>C influence bone mineral density in young and elderly Japanese women. Gene 2012; 504:75-83. [PMID: 22579472 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an important public health problem because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with its complications, particularly fractures. An important clinical risk factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the presence of genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility genes. However, few studies have investigated the relevance of these polymorphisms in premenopausal women. Recent studies have demonstrated interactions between bone and immune cells, and that cytokines produced by immune cells regulate bone turnover. In this study, we examined the associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and polymorphisms in genes encoding interleukin (IL)-6 (-634C>G; rs1800796), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (-308G>A; rs1800629), IL-17F (7488T>C; rs763780), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (869T>C; rs1800470), osteoprotegerin (OPG; 163A>G; rs3102735) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; 677C>T; rs1801133) in young and elderly Japanese women. Whole-body, lumbar spine (L(1) or L(2)-L(4)), and femoral neck BMD were measured in 100 young subjects (18-23 years), and 100 elderly subjects (60-83 years). Whole-body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck BMD were 1.13±0.06, 1.14±0.12, and 1.00±0.11 g/cm(2), respectively, in young subjects, and 0.92±0.09, 0.86±0.15, and 0.63±0.10 g/cm(2), respectively, in elderly subjects. The frequencies of the IL-6 CC, CG, and GG genotypes were 48%, 49%, and 3%, respectively. The frequencies of the IL17F TT, TC, and CC genotypes were 79%, 15%, and 6%, respectively, in young subjects. Polymorphisms of the IL-6 and IL17F genes were significantly associated with BMD. To our knowledge, this is the first report to examine these associations in a cohort of 200 Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Oishi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Palsgaard J, Emanuelli B, Winnay JN, Sumara G, Karsenty G, Kahn CR. Cross-talk between insulin and Wnt signaling in preadipocytes: role of Wnt co-receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 (LRP5). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12016-26. [PMID: 22337886 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.337048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed Wnt signaling has been implicated in numerous diseases, including type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we have investigated cross-talk between insulin and Wnt signaling pathways using preadipocytes with and without knockdown of the Wnt co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 and with and without knock-out of insulin and IGF-1 receptors. We find that Wnt stimulation leads to phosphorylation of insulin signaling key mediators, including Akt, GSK3β, and ERK1/2, although with a lower fold stimulation and slower time course than observed for insulin. These Wnt effects are insulin/IGF-1 receptor-dependent and are lost in insulin/IGF-1 receptor double knock-out cells. Conversely, in LRP5 knockdown preadipocytes, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1, Akt, GSK3β, and ERK1/2 is highly reduced. This effect is specific to insulin, as compared with IGF-1, stimulation and appears to be due to an inducible interaction between LRP5 and the insulin receptor as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. These data demonstrate that Wnt and insulin signaling pathways exhibit cross-talk at multiple levels. Wnt induces phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, and GSK3β, and this is dependent on insulin/IGF-1 receptors. Insulin signaling also involves the Wnt co-receptor LRP5, which has a positive effect on insulin signaling. Thus, altered Wnt and LRP5 activity can serve as modifiers of insulin action and insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Palsgaard
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Riancho J, García-Ibarbia C, Pérez-Núñez MI, Alonso MA, Díaz T, Pérez-Castrillón JL, Riancho JA. Genetic polymorphisms of the Wnt receptor LRP5 are differentially associated with trochanteric and cervical hip fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 90:137-43. [PMID: 22167346 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that cervical and trochanteric hip fractures have different pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that genetic factors have different influences on both types of fractures. Ten polymorphisms of genes known to play an important role in skeletal homeostasis [estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), aromatase (CYP19A1), type I collagen (COL1A1), and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5)] were analyzed in 471 Spanish patients with fragility hip fractures. Two polymorphisms of the LRP5 gene (rs7116604 and rs3781600) were associated with the type of fracture (P = 0.0085 and 0.0047, respectively). The presence of rare alleles at each locus was associated with trochanteric fractures over cervical fractures (OR = 1.7 in individuals with at least one rare allele at rs7116604 or rs3781600 loci in comparison with the common homozygotes). Considering individuals bearing the four common alleles as reference, the OR for trochanteric fractures was 1.6 in those with one or two rare alleles and 7.5 in those with three or four rare alleles (P for trend = 0.0074), which is consistent with an allele-dosage effect. There were no significant differences in the frequency distributions of the ESR1, CYP19A1, and COL1A1 genotypes between trochanteric and cervical fractures in either the original group or an extended group of 818 patients. These results suggest that LRP5 alleles influence the type of hip fractures. They support the view that different genetic factors are involved in cervical and trochanteric fractures, which should be taken into consideration in future genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IFIMAV, Universidad de Cantabria, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
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Riancho JA, Liu Y, Sainz J, García-Pérez MA, Olmos JM, Bolado-Carrancio A, Valero C, Pérez-López J, Cano A, Yang T, Sañudo C, Deng HW, Rodríguez-Rey JC. Nuclear receptor NR5A2 and bone: gene expression and association with bone mineral density. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:69-75. [PMID: 22048972 PMCID: PMC3682472 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence for a link between energy and bone metabolism. The nuclear receptor subfamily 5 member A2 (NR5A2) is involved in lipid metabolism and modulates the expression of estrogen-related genes in some tissues. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of NR5A2 on bone cells and to determine whether its allelic variations are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN Analyses of gene expression by quantitative PCR and inhibition of NR5A2 expression by siRNAs were used to explore the effects of NR5A2 in osteoblasts. Femoral neck BMD and 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were first analyzed in 935 postmenopausal women and the association of NR5A2 genetic variants with BMD was explored in other 1284 women in replication cohorts. RESULTS NR5A2 was highly expressed in bone. The inhibition of NR5A2 confirmed that it modulates the expression of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and podoplanin in osteoblasts. Two SNPs were associated with BMD in the Spanish discovery cohort (rs6663479, P=0.0014, and rs2816948, P=0.0012). A similar trend was observed in another Spanish cohort, with statistically significant differences across genotypes in the combined analysis (P=0.03). However, the association in a cohort from the United States was rather weak. Electrophoretic mobility assays and studies with luciferase reporter vectors confirmed the existence of differences in the binding of nuclear proteins and the transcriptional activity of rs2816948 alleles. CONCLUSIONS NR5A2 modulates gene expression in osteoblasts and some allelic variants are associated with bone mass in Spanish postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IFIMAV, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, Avenida de Valdecilla S/N, 39008 Santander, Spain.
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Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, Toulis KA. Role of wingless tail signaling pathway in osteoporosis: an update of current knowledge. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:383-8. [PMID: 21897222 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32834afff2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Wingless tail (Wnt) pathway is crucial for osteoblast activation and action. This review summarizes the evidence published during the previous year on the emerging role of Wnt signaling alterations in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and potential therapeutic approaches of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS New insights into the mechanisms regulating Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway, including the role of Kremen-2 receptor, lamin A/C protein, periostin, and pleiotropin in bone physiology, the crosstalk between the RUNX-2 transcription-factor cascade and the Wnt pathway, and the concept that individual Wnt ligands may have a unique and distinct mission in bone milieu, are presented. Nutritional habits may affect Wnt signaling in bone. Serum sclerostin and dickkopf-1 levels may serve as markers of bone metabolism and disease, although further standardization methods are required. Finally, the effect of current antiosteoporotic treatments on Wnt signaling is discussed, as well as the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting either Wnt signaling amplification or Wnt antagonists' attenuation. SUMMARY Although Wnt pathway is currently a field of thorough investigation, it is still far from been fully elucidated. Understanding its complex pathophysiology has evoked promising therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis. However, given that Wnt signaling is crucial for many tissues, emerging knowledge should be cautiously translated in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios D Anastasilakis
- Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Riancho JA, Vázquez L, García-Pérez MA, Sainz J, Olmos JM, Hernández JL, Pérez-López J, Amado JA, Zarrabeitia MT, Cano A, Rodríguez-Rey JC. Association of ACACB polymorphisms with obesity and diabetes. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:670-6. [PMID: 21908218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta, encoded by the ACAB gene, plays an important role in the oxidation of fatty acids. The aim of this study was to check the hypothesis that allelic variants of ACACB influence the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Twenty five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) capturing common variants of the ACACB gene were selected and analyzed in two cohorts including 1695 postmenopausal women of the general population and in 161 women with severe obesity (BMI>35). In vitro binding of transcription factors was explored by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). T alleles at the rs2268388 locus were overrepresented in women with severe obesity (18% vs. 10% in controls; OR 1.74 [95% confidence interval 1.30-2.47]), which was statistically significant after multiple-test adjustment (p=0.0004). Likewise, T alleles at the rs2268388 locus and C alleles at the rs2239607 locus were associated with diabetes, in the discovery as well as in the replication cohorts, even after women with severe obesity were excluded (OR 3.6 and 2.8, for TT and CC homozygotes, respectively). Allelic differences in the binding affinity for nuclear proteins were revealed in vitro by EMSA and competition experiments were consistent with the binding of glucorticoid receptor and serum response factor. In conclusion, common polymorphisms of ACACB gene are associated with obesity and, independently, with type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women, suggesting that the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta plays an important role in these disorders related to energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital UM Valdecilla-IFIMAV, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, Santander, Spain.
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Update on Wnt signaling in bone cell biology and bone disease. Gene 2011; 492:1-18. [PMID: 22079544 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, Wnt signaling pathways have been the focus of intense research activity in bone biology laboratories because of their importance in skeletal development, bone mass maintenance, and therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. It is evident that even subtle alterations in the intensity, amplitude, location, and duration of Wnt signaling pathways affects skeletal development, as well as bone remodeling, regeneration, and repair during a lifespan. Here we review recent advances and discrepancies in how Wnt/Lrp5 signaling regulates osteoblasts and osteocytes, introduce new players in Wnt signaling pathways that have important roles in bone development, discuss emerging areas such as the role of Wnt signaling in osteoclastogenesis, and summarize progress made in translating basic studies to clinical therapeutics and diagnostics centered around inhibiting Wnt pathway antagonists, such as sclerostin, Dkk1 and Sfrp1. Emphasis is placed on the plethora of genetic studies in mouse models and genome wide association studies that reveal the requirement for and crucial roles of Wnt pathway components during skeletal development and disease.
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Abstract
Wnt signaling is a ubiquitous system for intercellular communication, with multiple functions during development and in homeostasis of the body. It comprises several ligands, receptors, and inhibitors. Some molecules, such as sclerostin, appear to have bone-specific functions, and can be targeted by potential drugs. Now, ongoing clinical trials are testing these drugs as treatments for osteoporosis. Animal studies have also suggested that these drugs can accelerate fracture healing and implant fixation. This brief overview focuses on currently available information on the effects of manipulations of Wnt signaling on bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Agholme
- Orthopedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, IKE, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Aspenberg
- Orthopedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, IKE, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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