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Yang R, Lu X, Alomeir N, Quataert S, Wu T, Xiao J. Association between Salivary Hormones, Dental Caries, and Cariogenic Microorganisms during Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3183. [PMID: 38892893 PMCID: PMC11173116 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the salivary levels of six hormones (progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, thyroxine T3, and triiodothyronine T4) in pregnant women, and to assess the association between salivary hormones, dental caries, and cariogenic microorganisms. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 181 low-income US pregnant women who were in their third trimester. Demographic details, oral hygiene practices, and medical backgrounds were obtained via questionnaires and medical records. Calibrated dentists obtained data on plaque index and caries status through comprehensive oral examinations. Unstimulated saliva was collected 2 h before eating and brushing. Salivary hormones were measured with a multiplex assay. Oral Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) were quantified via colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. A latent model was used to generate clusters of pregnant women based on salivary hormone levels, followed by post-clustering analysis. Factors associated with salivary cariogenic microorganisms were further evaluated via multiple regression analyses. Results: Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, T3, and T4 in saliva were detectable at rates of 92%, 97%, 77%, 99%, 71%, and 50%, respectively. Three distinct participant clusters (high, intermediate, and low) were identified based on salivary hormone levels. Intermediate-level and high-level clusters had increased numbers of decayed teeth, decayed surfaces, ICDAS scores, and salivary S. mutans and C. albicans, compared to the low-level cluster (p < 0.05). Covariate analysis demonstrated that the high-level cluster was positively associated with salivary carriage of S. mutans (CFU/mL) (p < 0.05). Participants with higher levels of progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol were associated with a high carriage status of S. mutans in saliva (>105 CFU/mL) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility of detecting salivary hormones during pregnancy and revealed the positive association between salivary steroid hormones and cariogenic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqian Yang
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (R.Y.); (N.A.)
| | - Xingyi Lu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (X.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Nora Alomeir
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (R.Y.); (N.A.)
| | - Sally Quataert
- Immunology and Microbiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA;
| | - Tongtong Wu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (X.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; (R.Y.); (N.A.)
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Wu N, Chen Y, Li G. Association of High Body Mass Index in Early Life With the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241270582. [PMID: 39109953 PMCID: PMC11307362 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241270582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This study on the relationship between early life high BMI and the development of CRC reveals the role of high BMI during childhood and adolescence in the occurrence and progression of CRC. It suggests the importance of restoring normal weight or reducing weight in individuals with high BMI early in life for the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of anorectal surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
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3
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Dukic J, Ehlert U. Longitudinal Course of Sex Steroids From Pregnancy to Postpartum. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad108. [PMID: 37450580 PMCID: PMC10499333 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sex steroids (SS) typically rise during pregnancy and decline after birth, but no consistent reference values exist for these hormonal courses. We aimed to establish an overview of SS secretion patterns during the peripartum and to better understand how SS contribute to maternal and fetal pathologies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. Additionally, we conducted a supplementary manual search of references. Observational studies published in English and assessing estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone over the course of the peripartum in physically healthy female subjects were included, without restrictions on year of publication. Extracted data were analyzed descriptively and visually. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS SS increase progressively during pregnancy, with an extremely wide range of reported concentrations, especially in the third trimester. In fact, reported concentrations varied up to 5000-fold at comparable measurement time points. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive understanding of the influence of SS levels on associated maternal and fetal pathologies is currently hindered by 2 main factors. First, reported SS levels vary widely during the peripartum period. Second, the current state of knowledge on how SS are associated with pathologies in mothers and babies is largely based on correlational studies, and causality thus remains unclear. Consequently, we recommend the development of a systematic reference framework that follows the suggestions presented in this review. This would enable the establishment of SS reference values for a healthy population, resulting in the possibility to draw conclusions about deviations and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dukic
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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SARZYNSKI MARKA, RICE TREVAK, DESPRÉS JEANPIERRE, PÉRUSSE LOUIS, TREMBLAY ANGELO, STANFORTH PHILIPR, TCHERNOF ANDRÉ, BARBER JACOBL, FALCIANI FRANCESCO, CLISH CLARY, ROBBINS JEREMYM, GHOSH SUJOY, GERSZTEN ROBERTE, LEON ARTHURS, SKINNER JAMESS, RAO DC, BOUCHARD CLAUDE. The HERITAGE Family Study: A Review of the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiometabolic Health, with Insights into Molecular Transducers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:S1-S43. [PMID: 35611651 PMCID: PMC9012529 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and abdominal visceral fat, blood levels of steroids and other hormones, markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic indicators, and resting metabolic rate. These summaries document the extent of the individual differences in response to a standardized and fully monitored endurance exercise program and document the importance of familial aggregation and heritability level for exercise response traits. Findings from genomic markers, muscle gene expression studies, and proteomic and metabolomics explorations are reviewed, along with lessons learned from a bioinformatics-driven analysis pipeline. The new opportunities being pursued in integrative -omics and physiology have extended considerably the expected life of HERITAGE and are being discussed in relation to the original conceptual model of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARK A. SARZYNSKI
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - TREVA K. RICE
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - JEAN-PIERRE DESPRÉS
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - LOUIS PÉRUSSE
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - ANGELO TREMBLAY
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - PHILIP R. STANFORTH
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - ANDRÉ TCHERNOF
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - JACOB L. BARBER
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - FRANCESCO FALCIANI
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - CLARY CLISH
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - JEREMY M. ROBBINS
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - SUJOY GHOSH
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, SINGAPORE
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - ROBERT E. GERSZTEN
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - ARTHUR S. LEON
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - D. C. RAO
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - CLAUDE BOUCHARD
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Associations between maternal awakening salivary cortisol levels in mid-pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:1989-1999. [PMID: 35320387 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated levels of maternal cortisol have been hypothesized as the intermediate process between symptoms of depression and psychosocial stress during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, we examined associations between cortisol levels in the second trimester of pregnancy and risks of three common birth outcomes in a nested case-control study. METHODS This study was embedded in the PRIDE Study (n = 3,019), from which we selected all cases with preterm birth (n = 64), low birth weight (n = 49), and small-for-gestational age (SGA; n = 65), and 260 randomly selected controls, among the participants who provided a single awakening saliva sample in approximately gestational week 19 in 2012-2016. Multivariable linear and logistic regression was performed to assess the associations between continuous and categorized cortisol levels and the selected outcomes. RESULTS We did not observe any associations between maternal cortisol levels and preterm birth and low birth weight. However, high cortisol levels (≥ 90th percentile) seemed to be associated with SGA (adjusted odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 0.9-4.8), in particular among girls (adjusted odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1-11.9, based on eight exposed cases) in an exploratory analysis. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed no suggestions of associations between maternal awakening cortisol levels in mid-pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, except for an increased risk of SGA.
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Wolff MB, O'Connor PJ, Wilson MG, Gay JL. Associations Between Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Employee Stress, Burnout and Well-Being Among Healthcare Industry Workers. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:957-965. [PMID: 34105386 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine the associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with job stress, burnout, and well-being among healthcare industry workers. DESIGN Quantitative; cross-sectional. SETTING Healthcare Industry. SAMPLE US Amazon Mechanical Turk participants (n = 550) employed in the healthcare industry, worked 35 hours or more per week, had ≥ 1 supervisor and ≥ 1 co-worker, and were ≥ 18 years old. MEASURES Self-reported measures of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), employee well-being, job stress, and burnout operationalized as exhaustion and disengagement. ANALYSIS Associations between OPA and LTPA with employee well-being, job stress, exhaustion and disengagement were assessed with separate multiple linear regression models. RESULTS OPA had positive significant associations with job stress (β = 0.10, P value = .003) and exhaustion (β = 0.21, P value < .0001). No significant associations were found between OPA with other psychological outcomes. A significant inverse association was found between LTPA and exhaustion (β = -0.04, P value = .007). CONCLUSION In a sample of U.S. health care workers, and consistent with prior epidemiological studies, greater LTPA was associated with lower feelings of exhaustion. In contrast, health care workers with greater OPA reported higher perceptions of job stress and exhaustion. The findings underscore the need for more research aimed at understanding relationships between OPA and psychological health among healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Batan Wolff
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1355University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Mark G Wilson
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1355University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gay
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1355University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA, USA
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Lokaj-Berisha V, Gacaferri Lumezi B, Berisha N. Low serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone in Albanian female patients with allergic disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5611. [PMID: 33692458 PMCID: PMC7946929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from several unrelated animal models and some studies conducted in humans, points to the immunomodulatory effects of androgens on various components of the immune system, especially on allergic disorders. This study evaluated the serum concentrations of sex hormones in women with allergy. For this purpose, blood samples were obtained from 78 participants in order to detect serum IgE concentrations, total testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and DHEA-S. The majority of the subjects (54) in the study were consecutive patients with doctor-diagnosed allergic pathologies: 32 with allergic rhinitis, 10 with asthma and rhinitis, and 12 with skin allergies. In addition, 24 healthy volunteers were included in the research as the control group. The average age of the subjects was 32.54 years (SD ± 11.08 years, range between 4-59 years). All participants stated that they had not used any medical treatment to alleviate any of their symptoms prior to taking part in the research. They all underwent skin-prick tests for common aero-allergens, which was used as criterion for subject selection. Hence, the subjects were selected if they reacted positively to at least one aero-allergen. Their height and weight were measured in order to calculate the BMI. As a result, statistically significant differences between controls and allergic women in serum concentrations of androgens (testosterone, p = 0.0017; DHEA-S, p = 0.04) were found, which lead to the conclusion that the concentration of total serum testosterone and DHEA-S was lower in female patients with allergic diseases compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Lokaj-Berisha
- Institute of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Bulevardi i Dёshmorёve p.n, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Besa Gacaferri Lumezi
- Institute of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Bulevardi i Dёshmorёve p.n, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Naser Berisha
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Riddle J, Rubinow DR, Girdler S, Frohlich F. Disinhibition of right inferior frontal gyrus underlies alpha asymmetry in women with low testosterone. Biol Psychol 2021; 161:108061. [PMID: 33705806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical expression of alpha oscillations in the frontal cortex, increased left relative to right, is a phenotype associated with increased behavioral inhibition and mood-related psychiatric illnesses. However, investigations of frontal alpha asymmetry in mood-disorders have yielded inconsistent findings. A better understanding of factors that contribute to individual differences is required to establish a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of mood and stress related disorders. A novel factor is hormone concentration, as steroid hormones play a prominent role in regulating mood and stress. To investigate this question, concentrations of testosterone and estradiol were sampled. Multiple linear regression revealed that low levels of testosterone correlated with greater frontal alpha asymmetry in women. Source localization found that frontal asymmetry was driven by decreased alpha power in right inferior frontal gyrus that correlated with increased behavioral inhibition in women. Together, these findings might explain inconsistencies in previous investigation on frontal alpha asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 304 MacNider Hall, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Center for Women's Mood Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Neurosciences Hospital, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6201 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 304 MacNider Hall, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Center for Women's Mood Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Neurosciences Hospital, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Susan Girdler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 304 MacNider Hall, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Center for Women's Mood Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Neurosciences Hospital, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Flavio Frohlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 304 MacNider Hall, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6201 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5200 Medical Biomolecular Research Building, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Reuter M, Netter P, Hennig J, Mohiyeddini C, Nyborg H. Test of Nyborg's General Trait Covariance (GTC) model for hormonally guided development by means of structural equation modeling. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nyborg's General Trait Covariance (GTC) model for hormonally guided development investigates the influence of gonadal hormones and fluid intelligence on body build, achievement, and socioeconomic variables. According to the model, testosterone should be negatively related to height, fat/muscle ratio, intelligence, income, and education. It is conceived that this influence should be determined to a great extent by mutual relationships between these variables. The model was tested by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of 4375 males who had served in the United States Armed Forces. The results largely confirm Nyborg's androtype model but in addition reflect the relationships between the variables included in a quantitative causal manner. It could be shown that testosterone has a negative influence on crystallized intelligence and that this effect is mainly mediated by the negative influence of testosterone on education. An additional multiple group analysis testing for structural invariance across age groups revealed that the mediating role of education is more pronounced in old veterans. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Petra Netter
- Department of Psychology, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Psychology, University of Giessen, Germany
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Riddle J, Ahn S, McPherson T, Girdler S, Frohlich F. Progesterone modulates theta oscillations in the frontal-parietal network. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13632. [PMID: 33400260 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neuroactive metabolites of the steroid hormones progesterone (P4) and testosterone (T) are GABAergic modulators that influence cognition, yet, the specific effect of P4 and T on brain network activity remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated if a fundamental oscillatory network activity pattern, often related to cognitive control, frontal midline theta (FMT) oscillations, are modulated by steroids hormones, P4 and T. We measured the concentration of P4 and T using salivary enzyme immunoassay and FMT oscillations using high-density electroencephalography (EEG) during eyes-open resting-state in 55 healthy women and men. Electrical brain activity was analyzed using Fourier analysis, aperiodic signal fitting, and beamformer source localization. Steroid hormone concentrations and biological sex were used as predictors for scalp and source-estimated amplitude of theta oscillations. Elevated concentrations of P4 predicted increased amplitude of FMT oscillations across both sexes, and no relationship was found with T. The positive correlation with P4 was specific to the frontal midline electrodes and survived correction for the background aperiodic signal of the brain. Using source localization, FMT oscillations were localized to the frontal-parietal network (FPN). Additionally, theta amplitude within the FPN, but not the default mode network, positively correlated with P4 concentration. Our results suggest that P4 concentration modulates brain activity via upregulation of theta oscillations in the FPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for Women's Mood Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sangtae Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Electronic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Trevor McPherson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan Girdler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for Women's Mood Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Flavio Frohlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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de Medeiros SF, Yamamoto MMW, Souto de Medeiros MA, Barbosa BB, Soares JM, Baracat EC. Changes in clinical and biochemical characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome with advancing age. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:74-89. [PMID: 31905164 PMCID: PMC6993261 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify whether aging can modify the clinical and biochemical characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIAL AND METHODS This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the reproductive endocrinology clinics of Julio Muller University Hospital and Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine in Cuiabá, MT, Brazil, between 2003 and 2017. Both, 796 PCOS and 444 non-PCOS normal cycling women underwent the same examination. PCOS was diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria as recommended for adolescent and adult subjects. Anthropometric, metabolic, and endocrinological modifications with aging were initially examined in the two groups: control and PCOS. Further analyses were performed after a 5-year age stratification of data throughout the reproductive period. All participants signed a consent form approved by the local ethical committee. RESULTS Biomarkers of adiposity were more remarkable in African descendant PCOS women. Body weight, waist/hip ratio, fat mass, and BMI were higher in PCOS women and tended to increase at all 5 age-strata, between ≤19 and 35 years of age. Serum androgen levels decreased with aging, markedly in PCOS subjects (P < 0.01 for all age-strata comparisons), but remained elevated when compared with the levels found in controls. Carbohydrate markers, triglycerides, and total cholesterol tended to increase over time in PCOS (P < 0.01 for all age-strata comparisons). Total cholesterol also tended to increase with age in non-PCOS women (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION The present study has shown that the advancing age influences many features of PCOS women. Biochemical hyperandrogenism, the core criterion recommended in the current systems to define the syndrome, showed statistically significant tendencies to decrease with aging progression but did not normalize. The use of age-adjusted features for the diagnosis of PCOS are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to S F de Medeiros:
| | | | | | | | - José Maria Soares
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carrer P, Trevisan C, Franchin A, Volpe ED, Rancan A, Zanforlini BM, Maggi S, Noale M, Corti MC, Perissinotto E, Manzato E, Sergi G. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and fall risk in older people: Sex differences in the Pro.V.A. longitudinal study. Maturitas 2019; 128:43-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Anh NH, Long NP, Kim SJ, Min JE, Yoon SJ, Kim HM, Yang E, Hwang ES, Park JH, Hong SS, Kwon SW. Steroidomics for the Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Cancers: A Systematic Review and Functional Analysis. Metabolites 2019; 9:E199. [PMID: 31546652 PMCID: PMC6835899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidomics, an analytical technique for steroid biomarker mining, has received much attention in recent years. This systematic review and functional analysis, following the PRISMA statement, aims to provide a comprehensive review and an appraisal of the developments and fundamental issues in steroid high-throughput analysis, with a focus on cancer research. We also discuss potential pitfalls and proposed recommendations for steroidomics-based clinical research. Forty-five studies met our inclusion criteria, with a focus on 12 types of cancer. Most studies focused on cancer risk prediction, followed by diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. Prostate cancer was the most frequently studied cancer. Estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and cortisol were mostly reported and altered in at least four types of cancer. Estrogen and estrogen metabolites were highly reported to associate with women-related cancers. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that steroidogenesis; androgen and estrogen metabolism; and androstenedione metabolism were significantly altered in cancers. Our findings indicated that estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone, cortisol, and estrogen metabolites, among others, could be considered oncosteroids. Despite noble achievements, significant shortcomings among the investigated studies were small sample sizes, cross-sectional designs, potential confounding factors, and problematic statistical approaches. More efforts are required to establish standardized procedures regarding study design, analytical procedures, and statistical inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | | | - Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jung Eun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Eugine Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Chen Z, Pestoni G, McGlynn KA, Platz EA, Rohrmann S. Cross‐sectional associations between healthy eating index and sex steroid hormones in men—National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. Andrology 2019; 8:154-159. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Chen
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - G. Pestoni
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS Bethesda MD USA
| | - E. A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Urology James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - S. Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Krakowsky Y, Conners W, Morgentaler A. Serum Concentrations of Sex Hormone–binding Globulin Vary Widely in Younger and Older Men: Clinical Data from a Men’s Health Practice. Eur Urol Focus 2019; 5:273-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jiménez MC, Tucker KL, Rodriguez F, Porneala BC, Meigs JB, López L. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Among Latinos in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. J Endocr Soc 2018; 3:291-303. [PMID: 30623167 PMCID: PMC6320241 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low blood dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels have strong positive associations with stroke and coronary heart disease. However, it is unclear whether DHEAS is independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, we examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and DHEAS concentration among a high-risk population of Latinos (Puerto Ricans aged 45 to 75 years at baseline) in a cross-sectional analysis of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Of eligible participants, 72% completed baseline interviews and provided blood samples. Complete data were available for 1355 participants. Associations between cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipid cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) and log-transformed DHEAS (μg/dL) were assessed. In robust multivariable regression analyses, DHEAS was significantly inversely associated with age (β = -12.4; 95% CI: -15.2, -9.7; per 5 years), being female (vs. male) (β = -46; 95% CI: -55.3, -36.6), and plasma triglyceride concentration (β = -0.2; 95% CI: -0.3, -0.1; per 10 mg/dL) and was positively associated with total cholesterol and plasma glucose levels (β = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.6, 3 and β = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.3, respectively, per 10 mg/dL) after adjustment for smoking, alcohol, and physical activity and for postmenopausal hormone use in women. Estimates were unchanged after adjustment for measures of chronic disease and inflammation. Women exhibited a stronger age-related decline in DHEAS and a positive association with glucose in contrast to findings among men (P interaction < 0.05). In conclusion, in this large study of Latinos with a heavy cardiovascular risk factor burden, we observed significant associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and DHEAS, with variations by sex. These findings improve our understanding of the role DHEAS may play in CVD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monik C Jiménez
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Fátima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Bianca C Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lenny López
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Vihma V, Heinonen S, Naukkarinen J, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Turpeinen U, Hämäläinen E, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Mikkola TS, Tikkanen MJ, Pietiläinen KH. Increased body fat mass and androgen metabolism - A twin study in healthy young women. Steroids 2018; 140:24-31. [PMID: 30149073 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity may alter serum steroid concentrations and metabolism. We investigated this in healthy young women with increased body fat and their leaner co-twin sisters. DESIGN Age and genetic background both strongly influence serum steroid levels and body composition. This is a cross-sectional study of 13 female monozygotic twin pairs (age, 23-36 years), ten of which were discordant for body mass index (median difference in body weight between the co-twins, 19 kg). METHODS We determined body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, serum androgens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and mRNA expression of genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue and adipocytes. RESULTS The heavier women had lower serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (P < 0.05 for all) compared to their leaner co-twins with no differences in serum testosterone or androstenedione levels. Serum DHEA correlated inversely with %body fat (r = -0.905, P = 0.002), and DHT positively with SHBG (r = 0.842, P = 0.002). In adipose tissue or adipocytes, expressions of STS (steroid sulfatase) and androgen-related genes were significantly higher in the heavier compared to the leaner co-twin, and within pairs, correlated positively with adiposity but were not related to serum androgen levels. None of the serum androgen or SHBG levels correlated with indices of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Serum DHEA levels were best predicted by %body fat, and serum DHT by SHBG. These or other serum androgen concentrations did not reflect differences in androgen-related genes in adipose tissue. General or intra-abdominal adiposity were not associated with increased androgenicity in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Vihma
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Biomedicum C315a, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sini Heinonen
- University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Obesity Research Unit, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Naukkarinen
- University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Obesity Research Unit, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- University of Helsinki, FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, and Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Obesity Research Unit, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ursula Turpeinen
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, P.O. Box 720, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, P.O. Box 720, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- University of Helsinki and HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- University of Helsinki and HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- University of Helsinki and HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi S Mikkola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. Box 140, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti J Tikkanen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Biomedicum C315a, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Obesity Research Unit, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, P.O. Box 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Watts EL, Appleby PN, Albanes D, Black A, Chan JM, Chen C, Cirillo PM, Cohn BA, Cook MB, Donovan JL, Ferrucci L, Garland CF, Giles GG, Goodman PJ, Habel LA, Haiman CA, Holly JMP, Hoover RN, Kaaks R, Knekt P, Kolonel LN, Kubo T, Le Marchand L, Luostarinen T, MacInnis RJ, Mäenpää HO, Männistö S, Metter EJ, Milne RL, Nomura AMY, Oliver SE, Parsons JK, Peeters PH, Platz EA, Riboli E, Ricceri F, Rinaldi S, Rissanen H, Sawada N, Schaefer CA, Schenk JM, Stanczyk FZ, Stampfer M, Stattin P, Stenman UH, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Thompson IM, Tsugane S, Vatten L, Whittemore AS, Ziegler RG, Allen NE, Key TJ, Travis RC. Circulating sex hormones in relation to anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors in an international dataset of 12,300 men. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187741. [PMID: 29281666 PMCID: PMC5744924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex hormones have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases. To better understand disease etiology and the mechanisms of disease-risk factor associations, this analysis aimed to investigate the associations of anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors with a range of circulating sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin. METHODS Statistical analyses of individual participant data from 12,330 male controls aged 25-85 years from 25 studies involved in the Endogenous Hormones Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group. Analysis of variance was used to estimate geometric means adjusted for study and relevant covariates. RESULTS Older age was associated with higher concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin and dihydrotestosterone and lower concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, free testosterone, androstenedione, androstanediol glucuronide and free estradiol. Higher body mass index was associated with higher concentrations of free estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide, estradiol and estrone and lower concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Taller height was associated with lower concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone, free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin and higher concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide. Current smoking was associated with higher concentrations of androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone. Alcohol consumption was associated with higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione and androstanediol glucuronide. East Asians had lower concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide and African Americans had higher concentrations of estrogens. Education and marital status were modestly associated with a small number of hormones. CONCLUSION Circulating sex hormones in men are strongly associated with age and body mass index, and to a lesser extent with smoking status and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L. Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Piera M. Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Cedric F. Garland
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeff M. P. Holly
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Tapio Luostarinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanna O. Mäenpää
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abraham M. Y. Nomura
- Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Oliver
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - J. Kellogg Parsons
- Division of Urologic Oncology, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Catherine A. Schaefer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeannette M. Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Department of Diet, Genes and Environment, The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- CHRISTUS Medical Center Hospital, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Obasi EM, Tackett JL, Shirtcliff EA, Cavanagh L. The Effects of Alcohol and Cigarette Consumption on Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Rural African Americans. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798416665742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Rurally situated African Americans suffer from stress and drug-related health disparities. Unfortunately, research on potential mechanisms that underlie this public health problem have received limited focus in the scientific literature. This study investigated the physiological impact of nicotine and alcohol use on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) functioning, a biomarker previously linked to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning. Method: A rural sample of African American emerging adults ( n = 84) completed a battery of assessments and provided six samples of salivary DHEA at wakeup, 30 minutes postwakeup, 90 minutes postwakeup, 3:00 p.m., 3:30 p.m., and 4:30 p.m. Results: Participants had more DHEA on waking as a function of smoking greater number of cigarettes throughout the day. Although this effect was not replicated with increased levels of alcohol consumption, the interaction between cigarette and alcohol use was associated with increased levels of DHEA on waking. Conclusion: While use of a single substance (i.e., cigarettes) was related to higher DHEA and greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation, the addition of a second substance (i.e., alcohol) shifted the individual toward the hyperactive arousal profile common within chronically stressed or challenged populations. These findings support the need to further investigate the relationship between polysubstance use and physiological functioning that may be linked to known health disparities in the African American community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezemenari M. Obasi
- Hwemudua Addictions and Health Disparities Laboratory (HAHDL), University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Lucia Cavanagh
- Hwemudua Addictions and Health Disparities Laboratory (HAHDL), University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Hildebrandt BA, Racine SE, Keel PK, Burt SA, Neale M, Boker S, Sisk CL, Klump KL. The effects of ovarian hormones and emotional eating on changes in weight preoccupation across the menstrual cycle. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:477-86. [PMID: 24965609 PMCID: PMC4277499 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown that fluctuations in ovarian hormones (i.e., estradiol and progesterone) predict the changes in binge eating and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle. However, the extent to which other eating disorder symptoms fluctuate across the menstrual cycle and are influenced by ovarian hormones remains largely unknown. This study sought to examine whether the levels of weight preoccupation vary across the menstrual cycle and whether the changes in ovarian hormones and/or other factors (i.e., emotional eating and negative affect) account for menstrual cycle fluctuations in this eating disorder phenotype. METHOD For 45 consecutive days, 352 women (age, 15-25 years) provided daily ratings of weight preoccupation, negative affect, and emotional eating. Saliva samples were also collected on a daily basis and assayed for levels of estradiol and progesterone using enzyme immunoassay techniques. RESULTS Weight preoccupation varied significantly across the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels in the premenstrual and menstrual phases. However, ovarian hormones did not account for within-person changes in weight preoccupation across the menstrual cycle. Instead, the most significant predictor of menstrual cycle changes in weight preoccupation was the change in emotional eating. DISCUSSION Fluctuations in weight preoccupation across the menstrual cycle appear to be influenced primarily by emotional eating rather than ovarian hormones. Future research should continue to examine the relationships among ovarian hormones, weight preoccupation, emotional eating, and other core eating disorder symptoms (e.g., body dissatisfaction, compensatory behaviors) in an effort to more fully understand the role of these biological and behavioral factors for the full spectrum of eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britny A. Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah E. Racine
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, USA
| | - S. Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Michael Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA
| | - Steven Boker
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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Abstract
In primary care practice, it is not unusual to encounter male patients in their 50s or older who report having loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and depression. Such signs and symptoms may signal an age-related decline in androgen levels, which commonly begins after age 40. However, psychologic problems and medical illness often confound the diagnosis. Drs Tan and Pu, who are currently conducting research on androgen deficiency, discuss the diagnostic difficulties of the physiologic phenomenon of andropause and offer a comprehensive approach to clinical assessment and laboratory evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Tan
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Garden Terrace Alzheimer's Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hao Z, Li Y, Li H, Wei B, Liao X, Liang T, Yu J. Levels of rare earth elements, heavy metals and uranium in a population living in Baiyun Obo, Inner Mongolia, China: a pilot study. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:161-170. [PMID: 25703899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Baiyun Obo deposit is the world's largest rare earth elements (REE) deposit. We aimed to investigate levels of REE, heavy metals (HMs) and uranium (U) based on morning urine samples in a population in Baiyun Obo and to assess the possible influence of rare earth mining processes on human exposure. In the mining area, elevated levels were found for the sum of the concentrations of light REE (LREE) and heavy REE (HREE) with mean values at 3.453 and 1.151 μg g(-1) creatinine, which were significantly higher than those in the control area. Concentrations of HMs and U in the population increased concomitantly with increasing REE levels. The results revealed that besides REE, HMs and U were produced with REE exploitation. Gender, age, educational level, alcohol and smoking habit were major factors contributing to inter-individual variation. Males were more exposed to these metals than females. Concentrations in people in the senior age group and those with only primary education were low. Drinking and smoking were associated with the levels of LREE, Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb in morning urine. Hence this study provides basic and useful information when addressing public and environmental health challenges in the areas where REE are mined and processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hairong Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Binggan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jiangping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Westlund N, Oinonen KA, Mazmanian D, Bird JL. The value of middle phalangeal hair as an anthropometric marker: A review of the literature. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:316-31. [PMID: 25882043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Middle phalangeal hair (MPH) is a trait frequently examined in anthropological studies throughout the 20th century. MPH is found on the back of the middle segment of the fingers, excluding the thumb. Typically, researchers examined the presence and absence of hair in various populations, and described it in terms of age, ancestry, and sex. Recently MPH has been examined as a potential anthropometric indicator of: androgen levels, androgen-related side effects in women, gene homozygosity, and disease resistance. Given the potential value of this marker, the present paper provides a comprehensive overview of MPH and its associated characteristics (i.e., ethnicity, sex, age, and hormonal variations) and presents new data on the reliability of MPH assessment. Findings suggest that ethnicity, sex, and age need to be controlled in any studies examining MPH and its relationship with other variables. Two measures of MPH (i.e., presence/absence of MPH and actual hair count) are both acceptable to use in MPH assessment; and the use of a hand lens to examine MPH provides high reliability when MPH is assessed by expert raters. However, researchers should avoid participant self-assessment. Future avenues for research are suggested (e.g., measurement issues and studies on hormonal correlates in women). MPH could be useful in research or for clinical purposes as a possible non-invasive indicator of hormone levels or hormonal sensitivity, or of predisposition toward androgen-related or gene-homozygosity-related health issues or behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Westlund
- Health Hormones & Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B5E1
| | - K A Oinonen
- Health Hormones & Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B5E1.
| | - D Mazmanian
- Health Hormones & Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B5E1
| | - J L Bird
- Health Hormones & Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B5E1
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Corrêa M, Vedovelli K, Giacobbo B, de Souza C, Ferrari P, de Lima Argimon I, Walz J, Kapczinski F, Bromberg E. Psychophysiological correlates of cognitive deficits in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer Disease. Neuroscience 2015; 286:371-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Johns LE, Ferguson KK, Soldin OP, Cantonwine DE, Rivera-González LO, Del Toro LVA, Calafat AM, Ye X, Alshawabkeh AN, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels during pregnancy: a longitudinal analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:4. [PMID: 25596636 PMCID: PMC4326411 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing scientific evidence suggests that exposure to phthalates during pregnancy may be associated with an elevated risk of adverse reproductive outcomes such as preterm birth. Maternal endocrine disruption across pregnancy may be one pathway mediating some of these relationships. We investigated whether urinary phthalate metabolites were associated with maternal serum thyroid (free thyroxine [FT4], free triiodothyronine [FT3], and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]), and sex (estradiol, progesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) hormone levels at multiple time points during pregnancy. METHODS Preliminary data (n = 106) were obtained from an ongoing prospective birth cohort in Northern Puerto Rico. We collected urine and serum sample at the first and third study visits that occurred at 18 +/- 2 and 26 +/- 2 weeks of gestation, respectively. To explore the longitudinal relationships between urinary phthalate metabolites and serum thyroid and sex hormone concentrations, we used linear mixed models (LMMs) adjusted for prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal age. An interaction term was added to each LMM to test whether the effect of urinary phthalate metabolites on serum thyroid and sex hormone levels varied by study visit. In cross-sectional analyses, we stratified BMI- and age-adjusted linear regression models by study visit. RESULTS In adjusted LMMs, we observed significant inverse associations between mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) and FT3 and between mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) and progesterone. In cross-sectional analyses by study visit, we detected stronger and statistically significant inverse associations at the third study visit between FT3 and MCPP as well as mono-carboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCOP); also at the third study visit, significant inverse associations were observed between FT4 and metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The inverse association between MEP and progesterone was consistent across study visits. CONCLUSIONS In this group of pregnant women, urinary phthalate metabolites may be associated with altered maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels, and the magnitude of these effects may depend on the timing of exposure during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Johns
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Offie P Soldin
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Luis O Rivera-González
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Liza V Anzalota Del Toro
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - José F Cordero
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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van Ockenburg SL, Tak LM, Bakker SJL, Gans ROB, de Jonge P, Rosmalen JGM. Effects of adverse life events on heart rate variability, cortisol, and C-reactive protein. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:40-50. [PMID: 24833194 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess whether self-reported adverse life events during childhood or over the lifespan are associated with altered activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), and the immune system. METHOD This study was performed in a population-based cohort of 1094 adults aged 33-79 years, 46.3% male, average age 53 (SD 11.4). Two waves of data were collected at a 2-year interval, enabling replication of the analyses. Cumulative exposure to adverse life events was assessed by means of the List of Threatening Experiences. ANS function was assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the high-frequency band (HRV-HF). HPA axis function was assessed by 24-h urinary free cortisol (24-h UFC) excretion. Inflammation was assessed by high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). RESULTS Multiple linear regression analyses did not reveal any significant associations, with the exception of one significant negative association between the lifetime score of adverse life events and HRV-HF β = -0.028; P = 0.037 at baseline, but not at follow up 2 years later. CONCLUSION In a large population-based cohort, adverse life events were not consistently associated with HRV-HF, 24-h UFC or (hsCRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- S L van Ockenburg
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gooren LJ, Kreukels B, Lapauw B, Giltay EJ. (Patho)physiology of cross-sex hormone administration to transsexual people: the potential impact of male-female genetic differences. Andrologia 2014; 47:5-19. [PMID: 25495275 DOI: 10.1111/and.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a limited body of knowledge of desired and undesired effects of cross-sex hormones in transsexual people. Little attention has been given to the fact that chromosomal configurations, 46,XY in male-to-female transsexuals subjects (MtoF) and 46,XX in female-to-male transsexual subjects (FtoM), obviously, remain unchanged. These differences in their genomes cause sex differences in the functions of cells. This study reviews sex differences in metabolism/cardiovascular pathology, immune mechanisms, bone (patho)physiology and brain functions and examines whether they are, maybe partially, determined by genetic mechanisms rather than by (cross-sex) hormones. There do not appear to be major genetic impacts on the changes in bone physiology. Also immune functions are rather unaffected and the evidence for an increase of autoimmune disease in MtoF is preliminary. Brain functions of transsexuals may have differed from controls before cross-sex hormones; they do undergo shifts upon cross-sex hormone treatment, but there is no evidence for changes in sex-specific brain disease. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is higher in MtoF receiving oestrogens than in FtoM receiving androgens. While type of oestrogen and route of administration might be significant, it is reasonable to speculate that nonhormonal/genetic factors play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Gooren
- Emeritus VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Androconsult, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Rosmalen JGM, Kema IP, Wüst S, van der Ley C, Visser ST, Snieder H, Bakker SJL. 24 h urinary free cortisol in large-scale epidemiological studies: short-term and long-term stability and sources of variability. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 47:10-6. [PMID: 25001951 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been associated with several somatic and psychiatric health problems. The amount of free cortisol excreted in the urine during 24h (24-h UFC) has often been used as a proxy for HPA-axis function. Reference values for 24-h UFC and their stability in the short and long term, as well as sources of variability, are largely lacking. METHODS This study was performed in a general population cohort. Participants collected 24-h UFC on two consecutive days (T1), and repeated this collection approximately 2 years later (T2). Cortisol in urine was measured using LC-MS/MS. Height and weight were measured at the research facilities; glomerular filtration rate was estimated using creatinine clearance. Psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire), smoking, alcohol use and exercise were measured by means of questionnaires. RESULTS 24-h UFC stability on a day-to-day basis was 0.69 (T1, N=1192) and 0.72 (T2, N=963) (both p<0.001). Long-term stability as indicated by correlation between 2-day averages of T1 and T2 was 0.60 (N=972, p<0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that 24-h UFC was predicted by urine volume (standardized beta 0.282 (T1, N=1556) and 0.276 (T2, N=1244); both p<0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (standardized beta 0.137 (T1) and 0.179 (T2); both p<0.001), while also sex explained a small part (standardized beta for female sex -0.057 (T1) and -0.080 (T2); both p<0.05). CONCLUSION 24-h UFC is moderately stable both in the short and the long term. The effects of urine volume and glomerular filtration rate on 24-h UFC are much stronger than those of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G M Rosmalen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ido P Kema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claude van der Ley
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sipke T Visser
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology & PharmacoEconomics, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and the metabolic syndrome in men: an individual participant data meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100409. [PMID: 25019163 PMCID: PMC4096400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in men, but the reported strength of association varies considerably. Objectives We aimed to investigate whether associations differ across specific subgroups (according to age and body mass index (BMI)) and individual MetS components. Data sources Two previously published meta-analyses including an updated systematic search in PubMed and EMBASE. Study Eligibility Criteria Cross-sectional or prospective observational studies with data on TT and/or SHBG concentrations in combination with MetS in men. Methods We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of 20 observational studies. Mixed effects models were used to assess cross-sectional and prospective associations of TT, SHBG and free testosterone (FT) with MetS and its individual components. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated and effect modification by age and BMI was studied. Results Men with low concentrations of TT, SHBG or FT were more likely to have prevalent MetS (ORs per quartile decrease were 1.69 (95% CI 1.60-1.77), 1.73 (95% CI 1.62-1.85) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.36-1.57) for TT, SHBG and FT, respectively) and incident MetS (HRs per quartile decrease were 1.25 (95% CI 1.16-1.36), 1.44 (95% 1.30-1.60) and 1.14 (95% 1.01-1.28) for TT, SHBG and FT, respectively). Overall, the magnitude of associations was largest in non-overweight men and varied across individual components: stronger associations were observed with hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity and hyperglycaemia and associations were weakest for hypertension. Conclusions Associations of testosterone and SHBG with MetS vary according to BMI and individual MetS components. These findings provide further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking low testosterone and SHBG concentrations to cardiometabolic risk.
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Giagulli VA, Carbone MD, De Pergola G, Guastamacchia E, Resta F, Licchelli B, Sabbà C, Triggiani V. Could androgen receptor gene CAG tract polymorphism affect spermatogenesis in men with idiopathic infertility? J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:689-97. [PMID: 24691874 PMCID: PMC4048386 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether the AR-CAG repeat length might affect clinical characteristics (testis volume) seminal parameters (sperm count and its mobility) along with hormonal serum profile [FSH, LH, Testosterone (T) and Inhibin B (InhB)] both in idiopathic male infertility (IM) and in infertility due to a previous condition of cryptorchidism (CryM) or to Y chromosome long arm microdeletions (YM). DESIGN Observational study without intervention(s). PATIENTS One hundred and ten IM patients [90 idiopathic olizoospermic males (IOM) and 20 idiopathic azoospermic males (IAM)], 19 CryM male and 10 YM patients were included. Sixty-one age-matched healthy men who had fathered within 3 years were involved representing the control group (FM). RESULTS AR-CAG repeats stretch was significantly longer in IOM (p<0.05), CryM (p<0.05) and YM (p<0.001) than FM. When the AR-CAG repeat tracts were subdivided in three subgroups according to the length of CAG repeats tract assessed in fertile subjects (the one with the middle (n 19-21) belonging to the 25 and 75 % inter-quartile, the ends belonging to the <25 % inter-quartile and >75 % inter-quartile, respectively), there was a statistically significant difference of distribution of AR-CAG tract length among fertile and different groups of infertile men (p=<0.0005; chi-square test). Moreover, the subgroup of AR-CAG repeat stretch with 22-28 triplets was associated with lower levels of InhB both in idiopathic oligozoospermic (Scheffe, Bonferroni and Dunett tests p=<0.01) and azoospermic men (Scheffe, Bonferroni and Dunett test p=<0.05), while, when FM and men with idiopathic infertility were gathered in a single group, both the subgroup of AR- CAG tract with 15-18 repeats and the one with 22-28 repeats are associated with lower testis volume, reduced sperm count and serum InhB levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the outliers of AR-CAG repeat length seem to influence the function of AR, affecting testis volume and Sertoli cell function and consequently sperm production in both fertile and idiopathic infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Giagulli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy,
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Hua X, Sun Y, Zhong Y, Feng W, Huang H, Wang W, Zhang T, Hu Y. Low serum sex hormone-binding globulin is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:877-83. [PMID: 24303796 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have indicated that low serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone levels are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it remains unclear whether an association exists between SHBG and NAFLD independent of testosterone. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between SHBG and both total and free testosterone levels with NAFLD. SUBJECTS AND MEASURES One hundred and twenty patients with NAFLD and 120 age-, sex- and BMI-matched patients with non-NAFLD were enrolled into a case-control study. Serums SHBG, total testosterone (TT), liver enzymes, lipids, insulin, C-peptide and plasma glucose were measured. Free testosterone (FT) and fatty liver index were calculated. RESULTS Serum SHBG levels were significantly lower in NAFLD group than in non-NAFLD group (24·5 ± 11·0 vs 37·6 ± 14·4 nm, P < 0·001). After adjustment for age, smoking status, alcohol use, duration of diabetes, BMI and fasting C-peptide, serum SHBG levels in men and women were inversely associated with NAFLD, with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the forth quartile as 0·05 (0·01-0·30) and 0·25 (0·08-0·77) compared with the first quartile (OR = 1·00). Additional adjustment for TT in men and FT in women did not materially alter the association. The relationship between serum TT (for men) and FT (for women) with NAFLD was attenuated and even diminished after multivariable adjustment for known risk factors and SHBG. CONCLUSION Low serum SHBG levels, but not TT or FT, are associated with NAFLD in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hua
- Division of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Division of Geriatrics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ritchey J, Zhang H, Karmaus W, Steck SE, Sabo-Attwood T. "Linearity assessment methods for sex steroid hormones and carrier proteins among men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)". Steroids 2014; 82:23-8. [PMID: 24412759 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been hypothesized that racial disparities among several diseases are explained by differences in testosterone (T), 17-β estradiol (E), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin (A) levels, yet epidemiologic results have been mixed. Statistical advice regarding appropriate adjustment methods for carrier proteins of sex steroid hormones in the literature is scant. Therefore, we investigated different adjustment methods for carrier proteins. METHODS Data for 1496 men, >17 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-91 were used to analyze linearity between sex hormones and carrier proteins by examining correlation, plots, and regression models. The statistical importance of age, body mass index (BMI), and race/ethnicity were examined for changes in results by the adjustment method. RESULTS T was weakly correlated with SHBG and A (r-squared, 0.25, 0.13, respectively) and E was weakly negatively correlated with A (p<0.0001), but not SHBG (p<0.1799). Based on the model residual plots and r-squared, the categorical model performed better than linear models. Regression coefficients for age, BMI, and race/ethnicity groups using quotient (e.g., T/A and E/A) models differed from continuous and categorical models. CONCLUSION Choosing an appropriate adjustment for carrier proteins is important to prevent bias in analyses and inconsistency in findings across studies. Linearity between variables should not be assumed when adjusting models, and should be conducted and reported. An independent categorical carrier protein variable is recommended in analysis exploring factors predicting sex hormone levels, although statistical testing should always be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Ritchey
- University of South Carolina, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States; Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Tribal Epidemiology Center, 2214 N Central Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- University of South Carolina, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- University of South Carolina, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States; University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, 301 Robinson Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
| | - Susan E Steck
- University of South Carolina, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- University of Florida, Department of Environmental and Global Health, PO Box 100188, HPNP Building, Room 2150, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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Trace metal concentrations measured in blood and urine of adolescents in Flanders, Belgium: Reference population and case studies Genk-Zuid and Menen. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:515-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Richard A, Rohrmann S, Zhang L, Eichholzer M, Basaria S, Selvin E, Dobs AS, Kanarek N, Menke A, Nelson WG, Platz EA. Racial variation in sex steroid hormone concentration in black and white men: a meta-analysis. Andrology 2014; 2:428-35. [PMID: 24648111 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are associated with chronic diseases and mortality with risk associations that differ between racial and ethnic groups. However, it is currently unclear whether sex steroid hormone levels differ between black and white men. The aim of this study was to assess racial variation in circulating testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol levels in men. We searched PubMed for articles comparing circulating hormones in black and white men. A meta-analysis was performed using weighted mean differences (WMD) to compare hormones levels between black and white men. Fifteen eligible studies were identified; three did not report adjusted means. After age adjustment, free testosterone levels were significantly higher in black than in white men (WMD = 4.07 pg/mL, 95% CI 1.26, 6.88). Depending on the free testosterone concentration in white men, this WMD translates into a racial difference ranging from 2.5 to 4.9%. Total testosterone (WMD = 0.10 ng/mL, 95% CI -0.02, 0.22), estradiol (WMD = 0.67 pg/mL, 95% CI -0.04, 1.38) and SHBG (WMD = -0.45 nmol/L, 95% CI -1.75, 0.85) concentrations did not differ comparing blacks with whites. After adjustment for age, black men have a modestly but significantly 2.5 to 4.9% higher free testosterone level than white men. Based on previous studies on effects of sex steroid hormones on risk of chronic diseases or mortality, this modest difference is unlikely to explain racial differences in disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Matić G, Vojnović Milutinović D, Nestorov J, Elaković I, Manitašević Jovanović S, Elzaedi YM, Perišić T, Dunđerski J, Damjanović S, Knežević G, Špirić Ž, Vermetten E, Savić D. Mineralocorticoid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels in peripheral lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with and without PTSD. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:379-85. [PMID: 24355684 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the number and functional status of mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) may contribute to vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Corticosteroid receptors are chaperoned by heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp70. We examined relations between corticosteroid receptor and heat shock protein expression levels, and related them with war trauma exposure, PTSD and resilience to PTSD. Relative levels of MR, Hsp90 and Hsp70 were determined by immunoblotting in lymphocytes from war trauma-exposed men with current PTSD (current PTSD group, n=113), with life-time PTSD (life-time PTSD group, n=61) and without PTSD (trauma control group, n=88), and from non-traumatized healthy controls (healthy control group, n=85). Between-group differences in MR, Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels and in MR/GR ratio were not observed. The level of MR was correlated with both Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels in trauma control and healthy control groups. On the other hand, GR level was correlated only with Hsp90 level, and this correlation was evident in current PTSD and trauma control groups. In conclusion, PTSD and exposure to trauma are not related to changes in lymphocyte MR, Hsp90 or Hsp70 levels, but may be associated with disturbances in corticosteroid receptors interaction with heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Matić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Nestorov
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Manitašević Jovanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Younis Mouftah Elzaedi
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Perišić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jadranka Dunđerski
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetozar Damjanović
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Knežević
- International Aid Network, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Špirić
- International Aid Network, Belgrade, Serbia; Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Military Mental Health-Research Center, University Medical Center, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danka Savić
- International Aid Network, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Theoretical and Condensed Matter Physics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Genetic variations in the androgen receptor are associated with steroid concentrations and anthropometrics but not with muscle mass in healthy young men. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86235. [PMID: 24465978 PMCID: PMC3900506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between serum testosterone (T) levels, muscle mass and muscle force in eugonadal men is incompletely understood. As polymorphisms in the androgen receptor (AR) gene cause differences in androgen sensitivity, no straightforward correlation can be observed between the interindividual variation in T levels and different phenotypes. Therefore, we aim to investigate the relationship between genetic variations in the AR, circulating androgens and muscle mass and function in young healthy male siblings. Design 677 men (25–45 years) were recruited in a cross-sectional, population-based sibling pair study. Methods Relations between genetic variation in the AR gene (CAGn, GGNn, SNPs), sex steroid levels (by LC-MS/MS), body composition (by DXA), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) (by pQCT), muscle force (isokinetic peak torque, grip strength) and anthropometrics were studied using linear mixed-effect modelling. Results Muscle mass and force were highly heritable and related to age, physical activity, body composition and anthropometrics. Total T (TT) and free T (FT) levels were positively related to muscle CSA, whereas estradiol (E2) and free E2 (FE2) concentrations were negatively associated with muscle force. Subjects with longer CAG repeat length had higher circulating TT, FT, and higher E2 and FE2 concentrations. Weak associations with TT and FT were found for the rs5965433 and rs5919392 SNP in the AR, whereas no association between GGN repeat polymorphism and T concentrations were found. Arm span and 2D:4D finger length ratio were inversely associated, whereas muscle mass and force were not associated with the number of CAG repeats. Conclusions Age, physical activity, body composition, sex steroid levels and anthropometrics are determinants of muscle mass and function in young men. Although the number of CAG repeats of the AR are related to sex steroid levels and anthropometrics, we have no evidence that these variations in the AR gene also affect muscle mass or function.
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Liu SH, Lazo M, Koteish A, Linda Kao WH, Shih MH, Bonekamp S, Hernaez R, Clark JM. Oral contraceptive pill use is associated with reduced odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in menstruating women: results from NHANES III. J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:1151-9. [PMID: 23188092 PMCID: PMC4170913 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in men and postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women has suggested a potential role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the disease. We sought to evaluate the association between oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and NAFLD and to determine whether adiposity mediates any effect. METHODS We included 4338 women aged 20-60 years who were enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994 in a population-based cross-sectional study. We defined NAFLD as moderate-severe steatosis on ultrasonography in women without excessive alcohol use or other identifiable causes. OCP use was based on self-report and was categorized as never, former or current use. RESULTS The overall weighted prevalence of NAFLD was 11.6 % but lower in current (6.7 %) than in former (12.0 %) or never users (15.6 %, P = 0.016). In the multivariable model, current OCP users experienced a 50 % lower odds of NAFLD than never users (adjusted odds ratio 0.50; 95 % confidence interval 0.26, 0.98) after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, history of diabetes or hypertension and education. Further adjustment for body mass index or waist circumference significantly attenuated the OCP-NAFLD relationship. CONCLUSIONS In this large US-representative population, OCP use was associated with reduced odds of NAFLD. However, this association could be mediated or confounded by adiposity. Prospective studies are needed to further clarify the causal role of sex hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hsun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St., Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St., Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ayman Koteish
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. H. Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St., Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ming-Hsiung Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Susanne Bonekamp
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruben Hernaez
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St., Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center/Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Clark
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St., Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Racine SE, Keel PK, Burt SA, Sisk CL, Neale M, Boker S, Klump KL. Individual differences in the relationship between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: a role for personality? Eat Behav 2013; 14:161-6. [PMID: 23557813 PMCID: PMC3618657 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Within-person changes in estradiol and progesterone predict changes in binge eating tendencies across the menstrual cycle. However, all women have menstrual-cycle fluctuations in hormones, but few experience binge eating. Personality traits may be critical individual difference factors that influence who will engage in emotional eating in the presence of a vulnerable hormonal environment. Women (N=239) provided self-reports of emotional eating and saliva samples for hormone measurement for 45 consecutive days. Negative urgency and negative emotionality were measured once and were examined as moderators of hormone-emotional eating associations. Consistent with prior research, within-person changes in the interaction between estradiol and progesterone predicted emotional eating. Neither negative urgency nor negative emotionality interacted with changes in estradiol and progesterone to predict changes in emotional eating. Additional factors, other than the two personality traits examined, may account for individual differences in within-person associations between hormones and emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Racine
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
MI 48824-1116, USA
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
32306-4301, USA
| | - S. Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
MI 48824-1116, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
MI 48824-1116, USA ,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
48824-1116, USA
| | - Michael Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Psychology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Steven Boker
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
VA 22904-4400, USA
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
MI 48824-1116, USA
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Lopez DS, Peskoe SB, Joshu CE, Dobs A, Feinleib M, Kanarek N, Nelson WG, Selvin E, Rohrmann S, Platz EA. Racial/ethnic differences in serum sex steroid hormone concentrations in US adolescent males. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:817-26. [PMID: 23354421 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contrary to the hypothesis that the racial/ethnic disparity in prostate cancer has a hormonal basis, we did not observe a difference in serum testosterone concentration between non-Hispanic black and white men in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), although non-Hispanic black men had a higher estradiol level. Unexpectedly, Mexican-American men had the highest testosterone level. Next, we evaluated whether the same patterns are observed during adolescence, the time of prostate maturation. METHODS We measured serum testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoassay in 134 males aged 12-19 in NHANES III. Mean concentrations were compared by race/ethnicity adjusting for age, Tanner stage, percent body fat, waist, physical activity, tobacco smoke, and the other hormones. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, in the 12-15-year-old males, testosterone concentration was lower in non-Hispanic blacks than whites (p = 0.043), SHBG concentration did not significantly differ between the two groups. Mexican-Americans had the highest testosterone (versus non-Hispanic black: p = 0.002) and lowest SHBG (versus non-Hispanic white: p = 0.010; versus non-Hispanic black: p = 0.047) concentrations. Estradiol concentration was lower in non-Hispanic blacks (p = 0.11) and Mexican-Americans (p = 0.033) compared with non-Hispanic whites. After multivariable adjustment, in the 16-19-year-old males, testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG concentrations did not differ between non-Hispanic blacks and whites. Mexican-Americans had the highest testosterone concentration (versus non-Hispanic white: p = 0.08), but did not differ from the other groups on estradiol and SHBG concentrations. In both age groups, these patterns were generally present, but less pronounced after adjusting for age and Tanner stage only. CONCLUSION In adolescent males, non-Hispanic blacks did not have a higher testosterone concentration than non-Hispanic whites, and Mexican-Americans had the highest testosterone concentration, patterns similar to adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lopez
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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M. Al-Ali B, Gutschi T, Pummer K, Zigeuner R, Brookman-May S, Wieland WF, Fritsche HM, Aziz A. Body mass index has no impact on sperm quality but on reproductive hormones levels. Andrologia 2012; 46:106-11. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Al-Ali
- Department of Urology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - T. Gutschi
- Department of Urology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - K. Pummer
- Department of Urology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - R. Zigeuner
- Department of Urology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - S. Brookman-May
- Department of Urology; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - W. F. Wieland
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - H. M. Fritsche
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - A. Aziz
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
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Elfayomy AK, El Tarhouny SA. Ovarian volume assessment in relation to histologic findings and sex hormone levels in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium. Ann Saudi Med 2012; 32:588-92. [PMID: 23396021 PMCID: PMC6081122 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2012.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In postmenopausal women, ovarian stromal hyperplasia and endometrial cancer are often identified concurrently. The aim of the present study was to verify the association of ovarian volume with histologic findings and sex hormones levels in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective observational study conducted in a teaching hospital between March 2008 and February 2010 PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium (>=5 mm) were enrolled. They underwent vaginal sonography for ovarian volume measurement. Blood samples were collected for sex steroid hormones assay. In addition, endometrial sampling was done for definitive histologic diagnosis. RESULTS According to histologic results, 18 cases (20%) had endometrial adenocarcinoma, 24 cases (26.7%) had endometrial hyperplasia with or without atypia and 48 cases (53.3%) had benign histologic findings. Large ovaries were significantly associated with higher body mass index (BMI>=30) (P=.002) and endometrial adenocarcinoma (P < .001). After adjustment for age and BMI, increased ovarian volume in adenocarcinoma was associated with high serum level of estradiol (P < .001), serum total testosterone (P=.04) and serum free testosterone (P < .01) compared with other histologic findings. CONCLUSIONS Large ovaries among women with postmenopausal bleeding and thick endometrium were associated with elevated serum sex steroid hormones and represent a marker of risk for endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr K Elfayomy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al Madinah 30001, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhou Z, Ni R, Hong Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Yang D. Defining hyperandrogenaemia according to the free androgen index in Chinese women: a cross-sectional study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 77:446-52. [PMID: 22443308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To determine the normative cut-off value for the free androgen index (FAI) among reproductive-age women in China. DESIGN Cross-sectional, population-based study. SETTING A multistage systematic cluster random sampling among 16 communities from two rural and two city regions. PATIENT(S) A total of 1526 women were randomly selected from a representative sample of 3009 women aged 20-45 years from the general population of southern China. Among these women, 444 subjects without known factors affecting androgen levels were selected as the reference group. INTERVENTION(S) Subjects underwent physical examination, blood tests of hormone and metabolic profiles, and ultrasound evaluations. MEASUREMENT OF THE MAIN OUTCOMES: The FAI was calculated according to the following equation: FAI = 100 × total testosterone (nmol/l)/sex hormone-binding globulin (nmol/l). The normative cut-off value of the FAI was computed based on the 5th-95th percentiles and K-means cluster analysis (K = 2). RESULTS A reference range of 0·7-6·4 of the FAI was indicated by the 5th and 95th percentiles. K-means cluster analysis identified 6·1 as the cut-off value for the FAI in the total population, which was close to the upper limit determined by the 95th percentile. Hyperandrogenic women present with elevated risk factors for metabolic disorders. The mean FAI values decreased with age among the total population, as evaluated by either K-means clustering or a percentile analysis. The FAI value was negatively correlated with age (r = -0·185, P < 0·0001) and positively correlated with body mass index after adjustment for age (r = 0·250, P < 0·0001). CONCLUSION A reference range of 0·7-6·4 FAI was indicated by the 5th and 95th percentiles among the reference group, which excluded the subjects with factors known to affect androgen levels; 6·1 was identified by the K-means cluster analysis as the cut-off value of the FAI for the general population. Hyperandrogenic women present with higher risks for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nagaya T, Kondo Y, Okinaka T. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate reflects age better than health status, and may increase with cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in middle-aged men. Aging Clin Exp Res 2012; 24:134-8. [PMID: 22842832 DOI: 10.1007/bf03325159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serum dehydroepiandrosterone- sulfate (DHEAS), the most abundant adrenal steroid hormone, may predict aging status and longevity in humans. The aims of this study are to clarify the fundamental properties of serum DHEAS as a biomarker for health in middle-aged men. METHODS We investigated correlations of serum DHEAS with age or conventional health indices (body mass index, blood pressure, and 12 serum/blood tests) and associations of serum DHEAS with lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep) in 384 healthy men aged 30-49 years, randomly selected from voluntary attendees at a checkup. RESULTS Serum DHEAS had an inverse and stronger correlation with age (Spearman's r=-0.320, p<0.001) than with any conventional health indices used here. Regardless of age and BMI adjustments, serum DHEAS had a weak correlation with serum uric acid (crude Spearman's r=0.198, p<0.001), and its correlations with other conventional health indices were weaker or non-significant. Serum DHEAS rose in parallel with increased smoking and alcohol intake (p for trend <0.001 in both), but had no significant relationships with exercise or sleep. CONCLUSIONS Serum DHEAS reflects age better than health status evaluated by conventional health indices, and may increase with cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in middle-aged healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Nagaya
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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Ritchey J, Karmaus W, Sabo-Attwood T, Steck SE, Zhang H. A cross-sectional study of the association of age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index with sex steroid hormone marker profiles among men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001315. [PMID: 23043125 PMCID: PMC3488758 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since sex hormone markers are metabolically linked, examining sex steroid hormones singly may account for inconsistent findings by age, race/ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) across studies. First, these markers were statistically combined into profiles to account for the metabolic relationship between markers. Then, the relationships between sex steroid hormone profiles and age, race/ethnicity and BMI were explored in multinomial logistic regression models. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING The US Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). PARTICIPANTS 1538 Men, >17 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Sex hormone profiles. RESULTS Cluster analysis was used to identify four statistically determined profiles with Blom-transformed T, E, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and 3-α diol G. We used these four profiles with multinomial logistic regression models to examine differences by race/ethnicity, age and BMI. Mexican American men >50 years were associated with the profile that had lowest T, E and 3-α diol G levels compared to other profiles (p<0.05). Non-Hispanic Black, overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)) and obese (>30 kg/m(2)) men were most likely to be associated with the cluster with the lowest SHBG (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The associations of sex steroid hormone profiles by race/ethnicity are novel, while the findings by age and BMI groups are largely consistent with observations from single hormone studies. Future studies should validate these hormone profile groups and investigate these profiles in relation to chronic diseases and certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Ritchey
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Susan E Steck
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Giton F, Fiet J, Cornu JN, Cussenot O, Bélanger A, Urien S, Oliva A, Blanchet P, Multigner L. Serum sex steroids measured in middle-aged European and African-Caribbean men by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 165:917-24. [PMID: 21951700 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in circulating steroid hormone levels have been hypothesized to explain ethnic differences in steroid-related diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of a wide panel of steroid hormones, both androgens and estrogens, in healthy middle-aged African-Caribbean and European men. DESIGN AND METHODS Serum steroid hormone levels were determined in men participating in a systematic public health study funded by the French National Health Insurance system. Blood was collected in the morning from 304 healthy African-Caribbean and European men aged between 40 and 69 years. Serum steroids were measured by mass spectrometry-gas chromatography, except for DHEAS and sex hormone-binding globulin, which were determined by RIA. Data were analyzed in 10-year age intervals by analysis of covariance, with adjustment for age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and season of sampling. RESULTS Compared with Europeans, African-Caribbean men presented significantly higher serum levels of measured bioavailable testosterone, 4-androstenedione (4-dione), and estrone (E1) regardless of the age group, of 5-androstenediol (5-diol) in those aged 40-49 and 50-59 years, and of testosterone (TT) and dihydrotestosterone in those aged 40-49 years. In contrast, European men aged 40-69 years showed significantly higher serum levels of DHEA and DHEAS. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in serum steroid hormone levels were observed in middle-aged African-Caribbean and European men. Whether such differences could contribute to ethnic differences in disease risk in adult men remains to be investigated. Some steroids, such as bioavailable TT, 4-dione, 5-diol, and E1, deserve particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Giton
- AP-HP CIB GHU Sud, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
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Body fatness and sex steroid hormone concentrations in US men: results from NHANES III. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1141-51. [PMID: 21678033 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including cancer, which may partly be explained by its influence on sex steroid hormone concentrations. Whether different measures of obesity, i.e., body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percent body fat were differentially associated with circulating levels of sex steroid hormones was examined in 1,265 men, aged 20-90+ years old, attending the morning examination session of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum hormones were measured by immunoassay. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured by trained staff. Percent body fat was estimated from bioelectrical impedance. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate associations between body fatness measures and hormone levels. RESULTS Total and free testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations decreased, whereas total and free estradiol increased with increasing BMI, waist circumference, and percent body fat (all p trend < 0.05). The magnitude of change in these hormones was similar for a one-quartile increase in each body fatness measure. CONCLUSION Measured BMI, waist circumference, and percent body fat led to similar inferences about their association with hormone levels in men.
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Allan CA, Peverill RE, Strauss BJ, Forbes EA, McLachlan RI. Waist-to-height ratio as a predictor of serum testosterone in ageing men with symptoms of androgen deficiency. Asian J Androl 2011; 13:424-31. [PMID: 21478893 PMCID: PMC3739344 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in serum testosterone in ageing men may be mediated in part by obesity; however, it is uncertain which measure of adiposity is most closely associated with testosterone levels. We have examined the relationships of age, adiposity and testosterone levels in ageing men with symptoms consistent with hypoandrogenism but who were otherwise in good health. We conducted a cross-sectional study of non-smoking men aged ≥ 54 years recruited from the community and who were free of cancer or serious medical illness. Height (Ht), weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height (WHt) ratio were calculated. Two morning blood samples were collected for measurement of total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Free testosterone (cFT) was calculated. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess their relationship with measures of adiposity. Two hundred and seven men aged 54-86 years were studied. On univariate analysis WHt ratio was more strongly correlated with TT and cFT than either WC or BMI. Furthermore, in models of TT and cFT, the addition of Ht to WC resulted in an increase in the magnitude of the regression coefficients for both WC (inverse correlate) and Ht (positive correlate), with the contributions of both WC and Ht both being significant (P<0.05 for all). In conclusion, WHt ratio is the best anthropometric predictor of both TT and cFT in this group of healthy but symptomatic ageing men.
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Horn-Ross PL, McClure LA, Chang ET, Clarke CA, Keegan THM, Rull RP, Quach T, Gomez SL. Papillary thyroid cancer incidence rates vary significantly by birthplace in Asian American women. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:479-85. [PMID: 21207130 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how birthplace influences the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer among Asian American women. METHODS Birthplace- and ethnic-specific age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates were calculated using data from the California Cancer Registry for the period 1988-2004. Birthplace was statistically imputed for 30% of cases using a validated imputation method based on age at Social Security number issuance. Population estimates were obtained from the US Census. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for foreign-born vs. US-born women. RESULTS Age-adjusted incidence rates of papillary thyroid cancer among Filipina (13.7 per 100,000) and Vietnamese (12.7) women were more than double those of Japanese women (6.2). US-born Chinese (IRR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59) and Filipina women (IRR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58-0.96) had significantly higher rates than those who were foreign-born; the opposite was observed for Japanese women (IRR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.08). The age-specific patterns among all foreign-born Asian women and US-born Japanese women showed a slow steady increase in incidence until age 70. However, among US-born Asian women (except Japanese), substantially elevated incidence rates during the reproductive and menopausal years were evident. CONCLUSIONS Ethnic- and birthplace-variation in papillary thyroid cancer incidence can provide insight into the etiology of this increasingly common and understudied cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Horn-Ross
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Ave., Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538, USA.
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Fiet J, Giton F. Circulating steroid hormones in prostate carcinogenesis. Part 2: Estrogens. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2011; 6:175-83. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this review is to describe the associations between circulating plasma estrogens and prostate cancer (PCa). We recall the origins of estrogens, which derive from the aromatization of androgens, but also by sulfatase hydrolysis of estrone sulfate (E1-S), the main circulating plasma estrogen. We evoke that the carcinogenic effects of estrogens were demonstrated in the rat and murine prostate when estrogens and androgens were simultaneously administered to them. We also describe estrogen proliferative activity and the genotoxicity of estrogen-hydroxylated metabolites with the formation of DNA adducts. We report published aromatase and CYP1B1 polymorphisms found in men with PCa. We published a bibliography on the relation between PCa and prostate inflammation, as well as the possible role of obesity in the aggressiveness of PCa. In this review, we provide an exhaustive list of assays carried out in subjects at high risk for PCa compared with Caucasians, showing that higher estrogen levels were found in the plasma of these subjects at high risk for PCa. Plasma estrone was the estrogen for which plasma concentration was highest in subjects of African descent. We recall the links observed between plasma estrogens, particularly E1-S, and PCa aggressiveness. Finally, we describe assays for determining hydroxylated estrogens and DNA adducts in the urine of men with PCa. We insist on the importance of the technology employed in estrogen measurement and propose the use of mass spectrometry methods to carry out estrogen assays, in order to decrease variability in the results of plasma estrogen assays.
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