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Huang L, Zhu W, Li N, Zhang B, Dai W, Li S, Xu H. Functions and mechanisms of adenosine and its receptors in sleep regulation. Sleep Med 2024; 115:210-217. [PMID: 38373361 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a natural and recurring state of life. Long-term insomnia can lead to physical and mental fatigue, inattention, memory loss, anxiety, depression and other symptoms, imposing immense public health and economic burden worldwide. The sleep and awakening regulation system is composed of many nerve nuclei and neurotransmitters in the brain, and it forms a neural network that interacts and restricts each other to regulate the occurrence and maintenance of sleep-wake. Adenosine (AD) is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a driver of sleep. Meanwhile, the functions and mechanisms underlying sleep-promoting effects of adenosine and its receptors are still not entirely clear. However, in recent years, the increasing evidence indicated that adenosine can promote sleep through inhibiting arousal system and activating sleep-promoting system. At the same time, astrocyte-derived adenosine in modulating sleep homeostasis and sleep loss-induced related cognitive and memory deficits plays an important role. This review, therefore, summarizes the current research on the functions and possible mechanisms of adenosine and its receptors in the regulation of sleep and homeostatic control of sleep. Understanding these aspects will provide us better ideas on clinical problems such as insomnia, hypersomnia and other sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Huang
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nanxi Li
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenbin Dai
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sen Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China.
| | - Houping Xu
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Vacy K, Thomson S, Moore A, Eisner A, Tanner S, Pham C, Saffery R, Mansell T, Burgner D, Collier F, Vuillermin P, O'Hely M, Boon WC, Meikle P, Burugupalli S, Ponsonby AL. Cord blood lipid correlation network profiles are associated with subsequent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder symptoms at 2 years: a prospective birth cohort study. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104949. [PMID: 38199043 PMCID: PMC10825361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions with early life origins. Alterations in blood lipids have been linked to ADHD and ASD; however, prospective early life data are limited. This study examined (i) associations between the cord blood lipidome and ADHD/ASD symptoms at 2 years of age, (ii) associations between prenatal and perinatal predictors of ADHD/ASD symptoms and cord blood lipidome, and (iii) mediation by the cord blood lipidome. METHODS From the Barwon Infant Study cohort (1074 mother-child pairs, 52.3% male children), child circulating lipid levels at birth were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These were clustered into lipid network modules via Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis. Associations between lipid modules and ADHD/ASD symptoms at 2 years, assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist, were explored via linear regression analyses. Mediation analysis identified indirect effects of prenatal and perinatal risk factors on ADHD/ASD symptoms through lipid modules. FINDINGS The acylcarnitine lipid module is associated with both ADHD and ASD symptoms at 2 years of age. Risk factors of these outcomes such as low income, Apgar score, and maternal inflammation were partly mediated by higher birth acylcarnitine levels. Other cord blood lipid profiles were also associated with ADHD and ASD symptoms. INTERPRETATION This study highlights that elevated cord blood birth acylcarnitine levels, either directly or as a possible marker of disrupted cell energy metabolism, are on the causal pathway of prenatal and perinatal risk factors for ADHD and ASD symptoms in early life. FUNDING The foundational work and infrastructure for the BIS was sponsored by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Deakin University, and Barwon Health. Subsequent funding was secured from the Minderoo Foundation, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ENDpoiNTs: No 825759), National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) and Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore [APP1149047], The William and Vera Ellen Houston Memorial Trust Fund (via HOMER Hack), The Shepherd Foundation, The Jack Brockhoff Foundation, the Scobie & Claire McKinnon Trust, the Shane O'Brien Memorial Asthma Foundation, the Our Women Our Children's Fund Raising Committee Barwon Health, the Rotary Club of Geelong, the Ilhan Food Allergy Foundation, Geelong Medical and Hospital Benefits Association, Vanguard Investments Australia Ltd, the Percy Baxter Charitable Trust, and Perpetual Trustees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vacy
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Archer Moore
- Melbourne School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Alex Eisner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Sam Tanner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Cindy Pham
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong 3220, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Wah Chin Boon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Satvika Burugupalli
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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Akpoghiran O, Afonso DJS, Zhang Y, Koh K. TARANIS Interacts with VRILLE and PDP1 to Modulate the Circadian Transcriptional Feedback Mechanism in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0922232023. [PMID: 38296648 PMCID: PMC10860567 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0922-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular clock that generates daily rhythms of behavior and physiology consists of interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops. In Drosophila, the primary feedback loop involving the CLOCK-CYCLE transcriptional activators and the PERIOD-TIMELESS transcriptional repressors is interlocked with a secondary loop involving VRILLE (VRI) and PAR DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (PDP1), a repressor and activator of Clock transcription, respectively. Whereas extensive studies have found numerous transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational modulators of the primary loop, relatively little is known about the secondary loop. In this study, using male and female flies as well as cultured cells, we demonstrate that TARANIS (TARA), a Drosophila homolog of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of transcriptional coregulators, functions with VRI and PDP1 to modulate the circadian period and rhythm strength. Knocking down tara reduces rhythm amplitude and can shorten the period length, while overexpressing TARA lengthens the circadian period. Additionally, tara mutants exhibit reduced rhythmicity and lower expression of the PDF neuropeptide. We find that TARA can form a physical complex with VRI and PDP1, enhancing their repressor and activator functions, respectively. The conserved SERTA domain of TARA is required to regulate the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1, and its deletion leads to reduced locomotor rhythmicity. Consistent with TARA's role in enhancing VRI and PDP1 activity, overexpressing tara has a similar effect on the circadian period and rhythm strength as simultaneously overexpressing vri and Pdp1 Together, our results suggest that TARA modulates circadian behavior by enhancing the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerukevwe Akpoghiran
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Dinis J S Afonso
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
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Tanaka A, Sanada K, Miyaho K, Tachibana T, Kurokawa S, Ishii C, Noda Y, Nakajima S, Fukuda S, Mimura M, Kishimoto T, Iwanami A. The relationship between sleep, gut microbiota, and metabolome in patients with depression and anxiety: A secondary analysis of the observational study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296047. [PMID: 38117827 PMCID: PMC10732403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing attention is paid to the association between alterations in the gut microbiota and their metabolites in patients with psychiatric disorders. Our study aimed to determine how gut microbiota and metabolomes are related to the sleep quality among patients with depression and anxiety disorders by analyzing the datasets of our previous study. METHODS Samples were collected from 40 patients (depression: 32 patients [80.0%]); anxiety disorders: 8 patients [20.0%]) in this study. Gut microbiomes were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gut metabolomes were analyzed by a mass spectrometry approach. Based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), patients were categorized into two groups: the insomnia group (PSQI score ≥ 9, n = 20) and the non-insomnia group (PSQI score < 9, n = 20). RESULTS The insomnia group showed a lower alpha diversity in the Chao1 and Shannon indices than the non-insomnia group after the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. The relative abundance of genus Bacteroides showed a positive correlation with PSQI scores in the non-insomnia group. The concentrations of glucosamine and N-methylglutamate were significantly higher in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that specific taxa could affect the sleep quality among patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of sleep on specific gut microbiota and metabolomes in depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sanada
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuma Miyaho
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tachibana
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Kurokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ishii
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
- Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akira Iwanami
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Akpoghiran O, Afonso DJ, Zhang Y, Koh K. TARANIS interacts with VRILLE and PDP1 to modulate the circadian transcriptional feedback mechanism in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.19.541420. [PMID: 38076905 PMCID: PMC10705542 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular clock that generates daily rhythms of behavior and physiology consists of interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops. In Drosophila, the primary feedback loop involving the CLOCK-CYCLE transcriptional activators and the PERIOD-TIMELESS transcriptional repressors is interlocked with a secondary loop involving VRILLE (VRI) and PAR DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (PDP1), a repressor and activator of Clock transcription, respectively. Whereas extensive studies have found numerous transcriptional, translational, and post-translational modulators of the primary loop, relatively little is known about the secondary loop. In this study, using male and female flies as well as cultured cells, we demonstrate that TARANIS (TARA), a Drosophila homolog of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of transcriptional coregulators, functions with VRI and PDP1 to modulate the circadian period and rhythm strength. Knocking down tara reduces rhythm amplitude and can shorten the period length, while overexpressing TARA lengthens the circadian period. Additionally, tara mutants exhibit reduced rhythmicity and lower expression of the PDF neuropeptide. We find that TARA can form a physical complex with VRI and PDP1, enhancing their repressor and activator functions, respectively. The conserved SERTA domain of TARA is required to regulate the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1, and its deletion leads to reduced locomotor rhythmicity. Consistent with TARA's role in enhancing VRI and PDP1 activity, overexpressing tara has a similar effect on the circadian period and rhythm strength as simultaneously overexpressing vri and Pdp1. Together, our results suggest that TARA modulates circadian behavior by enhancing the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerukevwe Akpoghiran
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. 19107
| | - Dinis J.S. Afonso
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. 19107
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. 19107
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. 19107
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Minciuna I, Gallage S, Heikenwalder M, Zelber-Sagi S, Dufour JF. Intermittent fasting-the future treatment in NASH patients? Hepatology 2023; 78:1290-1305. [PMID: 37057877 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
NASH is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease with the potential of evolving towards end-stage liver disease and HCC, even in the absence of cirrhosis. Apart from becoming an increasingly prevalent indication for liver transplantation in cirrhotic and HCC patients, its burden on the healthcare system is also exerted by the increased number of noncirrhotic NASH patients. Intermittent fasting has recently gained more interest in the scientific community as a possible treatment approach for different components of metabolic syndrome. Basic science and clinical studies have shown that apart from inducing body weight loss, improving cardiometabolic parameters, namely blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; insulin and glucose metabolism; intermittent fasting can reduce inflammatory markers, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, autophagy, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as modulate gut microbiota. This review aims to further explore the main NASH pathogenetic metabolic drivers on which intermittent fasting can act upon and improve the prognosis of the disease, and summarize the current clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Minciuna
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Octavian Fodor, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- M3 Research Institute, Medical Faculty Tuebingen (MFT), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- M3 Research Institute, Medical Faculty Tuebingen (MFT), Tuebingen, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Pehlivan S. The circadian systems genes and their importance of human health. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 137:1-15. [PMID: 37709372 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is the timing mechanism that creates approximately 24-hour rhythms in cellular and bodily functions in almost all living species. These internal clock systems enable living organisms to predict and respond to daily changes in their environment, optimizing temporal physiology and behavior. Circadian rhythms are regulated by both genetic and environmental risk factors. Circadian rhythms play an important role in maintaining homeostasis at the systemic and tissue levels. Disruption of this rhythm lays the groundwork for human health and disease. Disruption in these rhythms increases the susceptibility to many diseases, such as cancer, psychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this chapter, the characteristics of circadian rhythm and its relationship with diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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8
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Ge W, Sun Q, Yang Y, Ding Z, Liu J, Zhang J. Circadian PER1 controls daily fat absorption with the regulation of PER1-PKA on phosphorylation of bile acid synthetase. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100390. [PMID: 37209828 PMCID: PMC10276160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between eating time and obesity. Night eating syndrome characterized by a time-delayed eating pattern is positively associated with obesity in humans as well as in experimental animals. Here, we show that oil intake at night significantly makes more fat than that at day in wild-type mice, and circadian Period 1 (Per1) contributes to this day-night difference. Per1-knockout mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity, which is accompanied by a reduction in the size of the bile acid pool, and the oral administration of bile acids restores fat absorption and accumulation. We identify that PER1 directly binds to the major hepatic enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis such as cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase. A biosynthesis rhythm of bile acids is accompanied by the activity and instability of bile acid synthases with PER1/PKA-mediated phosphorylation pathways. Both fasting and high fat stress enhance Per1 expression, increasing the fat absorption and accumulation. Our findings reveal that Per1 is an energy regulator and controls daily fat absorption and accumulation. Circadian Per1 controls daily fat absorption and accumulation, suggesting Per1 is a potential candidate of a key regulator in stress response and the relevant obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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Chrono-Nutrition: Circadian Rhythm and Personalized Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032571. [PMID: 36768893 PMCID: PMC9916946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circadian system has a period of approximately 24 h and studies on the consequences of "chornodisruption" have greatly expanded. Lifestyle and environmental factors of modern societies (i.e., artificial lighting, jetlag, shift work, and around-the-clock access to energy-dense food) can induce disruptions of the circadian system and thereby adversely affect individual health. Growing evidence demonstrates a complex reciprocal relationship between metabolism and the circadian system, in which perturbations in one system affect the other one. From a nutritional genomics perspective, genetic variants in clock genes can both influence metabolic health and modify the individual response to diet. Moreover, an interplay between the circadian rhythm, gut microbiome, and epigenome has been demonstrated, with the diet in turn able to modulate this complex link suggesting a remarkable plasticity of the underlying mechanisms. In this view, the study of the impact of the timing of eating by matching elements from nutritional research with chrono-biology, that is, chrono-nutrition, could have significant implications for personalized nutrition in terms of reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on the interactions between the circadian system and nutrition, highlighting how this link could in turn influence the epigenome and microbiome. In addition, possible nutritional strategies to manage circadian-aligned feeding are suggested.
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Kim M, Son GI, Cho YH, Kim GH, Yun SE, Kim YJ, Chung J, Lee E, Park JJ. Reduced branched-chain aminotransferase activity alleviates metabolic vulnerability caused by dim light exposure at night in Drosophila. J Neurogenet 2022:1-11. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2144292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Ic Son
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Yun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- SRC Center for Systems Geroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunil Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Jean Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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The circadian rhythm regulates branched-chain amino acids metabolism in fast muscle of Chinese perch ( Siniperca chuatsi) during short-term fasting by Clock-KLF15-Bcat2 pathway. Br J Nutr 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36373572 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As an internal time-keeping mechanism, circadian rhythm plays crucial role in maintaining homoeostasis when in response to nutrition change; meanwhile, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in skeletal muscle play an important role in preserving energy homoeostasis during fasting. Previous results from our laboratory suggested that fasting can influence peripheral circadian rhythm and BCAA metabolism in fish, but the relationship between circadian rhythm and BCAA metabolism, and whether circadian rhythm regulates BCAA metabolism to maintain physiological homoeostasis during fasting remains unclear. This study shows that the expression of fifteen core clock genes as well as KLF15 and Bcat2 is highly responsive to short-term fasting in fast muscle of Siniperca chuatsi, and the correlation coefficient between Clock and KLF15 expression is enhanced after fasting treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the transcriptional expression of KLF15 is regulated by Clock, and the transcriptional expression of Bcat2 is regulated by KLF15 by using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Vivo-morpholinos-mediated gene knockdown technique. Therefore, fasting imposes a dynamic coordination of transcription between the circadian rhythm and BCAA metabolic pathways. The findings highlight the interaction between circadian rhythm and BCAA metabolism and suggest that fasting induces a switch in KLF15 expression through affecting the rhythmic expression of Clock, and then KLF15 promotes the transcription of Bcat2 to enhance the metabolism of BCAA, thus maintaining energy homoeostasis and providing energy for skeletal muscle as well as other tissues.
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Effects of maternal controlled exercise on offspring adiposity and glucose tolerance. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2022; 13:455-462. [PMID: 34503602 PMCID: PMC8907328 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
While metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes are costly and deadly to the current population, they are also extremely detrimental to the next generation. Much of the current literature focuses on the negative impact of poor maternal choices on offspring disease, while there is little work examining maternal behaviors that may improve offspring health. Research has shown that voluntary maternal exercise in mouse models improves metabolic function in offspring. In this study, we hypothesized that controlled maternal exercise in a mouse model will effect positive change on offspring obesity and glucose homeostasis. Female mice were separated into three groups: home cage, sedentary, and exercise. The sedentary home cage group was not removed from the home cage, while the sedentary wheel group was removed from the cage and placed in an immobile wheel apparatus. The exercise group was removed from the home cage and run on the same wheel apparatus but with the motor activated at 5-10 m/min for 1 h/d prior to and during pregnancy. Offspring were subjected to oral glucose tolerance testing and body composition analysis. There was no significant difference in offspring glucose tolerance or body composition as a consequence of the maternal exercise intervention compared to the sedentary wheel group. There were no marked negative consequences of the maternal controlled exercise intervention. Further research should clarify the potential advantages of the controlled exercise model and improve experimental techniques to facilitate translation of this research to human applications.
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The Circadian Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153136. [PMID: 35956312 PMCID: PMC9370226 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and other metabolic diseases are major public health issues that are particularly prevalent in industrialized societies where circadian rhythmicity is disturbed by shift work, jet lag, and/or social obligations. In mammals, daylight entrains the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to a ≈24 h cycle by initiating a transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) of molecular clock genes. The downstream impacts of the TTFL on clock-controlled genes allow the SCN to set the rhythm for the majority of physiological, metabolic, and behavioral processes. The TTFL, however, is ubiquitous and oscillates in tissues throughout the body. Tissues outside of the SCN are entrained to other signals, such as fed/fasting state, rather than light input. This system requires a considerable amount of biological flexibility as it functions to maintain homeostasis across varying conditions contained within a 24 h day. In the face of either circadian disruption (e.g., jet lag and shift work) or an obesity-induced decrease in metabolic flexibility, this finely tuned mechanism breaks down. Indeed, both human and rodent studies have found that obesity and metabolic disease develop when endogenous circadian pacing is at odds with the external cues. In the following review, we will delve into what is known on the circadian rhythmicity of nutrient metabolism and discuss obesity as a circadian disease.
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14
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Narayanan V, Rodrigues AL, Dordick JS. Influence of Circadian Rhythm on Drug Metabolism in 3D Hepatic Spheroids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2842-2856. [PMID: 35822281 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are characterized as oscillations that fluctuate based on a 24h cycle and are responsible for regulation of physiological functions. While the internal clock synchronizes gene expression using external cues like light, a similar synchronization can be induced in vitro by incubating the cells with an increased percentage of serum followed by its rapid removal. Previous studies have suggested that synchronization of HepG2 cell line induced the rhythmic expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) most specifically the cytochrome P450 enzymes. However, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating the influence of 3D microenvironment on the rhythmicity of these genes. To understand this interplay, gene expression of the circadian machinery and CYP450s were compared using the model human hepatocarcinoma cell line, HepG2. Upon serum shock synchronization, gene and protein expression of core clock regulators was assessed and rhythmic expression of these genes was demonstrated. Further insight into the interrelations between various gene pairs was obtained using statistical analysis. Using RNA sequencing, an in-depth understanding of the widespread effects of circadian regulation on genes involved in metabolic processes in the liver was obtained. This study aids in the better understanding of chronopharmacokinetic events in humans using physiologically relevant 3D culture systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Narayanan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Andre L Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Departments of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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15
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Hetman M, Slomnicki L, Hodges E, Ohri SS, Whittemore SR. Role of circadian rhythms in pathogenesis of acute CNS injuries: Insights from experimental studies. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Moreno JP, Dadabhoy H, Musaad S, Baranowski T, Thompson D, Alfano CA, Crowley SJ. Evaluation of Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Focused mHealth Intervention for the Prevention of Accelerated Summer Weight Gain among Elementary School-Age Children: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e37002. [PMID: 35576573 PMCID: PMC9152728 DOI: 10.2196/37002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The i♥rhythm project is a mobile health adaptation of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy designed to promote healthy sleep and behavioral rhythms among 5-8-year olds during summer for the prevention of accelerated summer weight gain. Objective This pilot study will examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the i♥rhythm intervention. This will ensure that the research protocol and procedures work as desired and are acceptable to families in preparation for the fully powered randomized controlled trial. The proposed study will examine the willingness of participants to participate in the intervention and determine whether modifications to the intervention, procedures, and measures are needed before conducting a fully powered study. We will assess our ability to (1) recruit, consent, and retain participants; (2) deliver the intervention; (3) implement the study and assessment procedures; (4) assess the reliability of the proposed measures; and (5) assess the acceptability of the intervention and assessment protocol. Methods This study will employ a single-blinded 2-group randomized control design (treatment and no-treatment control) with randomization occurring after baseline (Time 0) and 3 additional evaluation periods (postintervention [Time 1], and 9 months [Time 2] and 12 months after intervention [Time 3]). A sample of 40 parent-child dyads will be recruited. Results This study was approved by the institutional review board of Baylor College of Medicine (H-47369). Recruitment began in March 2021. As of March 2022, data collection and recruitment are ongoing. Conclusions This study will address the role of sleep and circadian rhythms in the prevention of accelerated summer weight gain and assess the intervention’s effects on the long-term prevention of child obesity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04445740; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04445740. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennette P Moreno
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hafza Dadabhoy
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Salma Musaad
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tom Baranowski
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Debbe Thompson
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Candice A Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Ramos-Campo DJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Nikolaidis PA, Belando N, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Physical activity and COVID-19. The basis for an efficient intervention in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Physiol Behav 2022; 244:113667. [PMID: 34861297 PMCID: PMC8632361 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shocked world health authorities generating a global health crisis. The present study aimed to analyze the different factors associated with physical activity that could have an impact in the COVID-19, providing a practical recommendation based on actual scientific knowledge. We conducted a consensus critical review using primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. The method was a narrative literature review of the available literature regarding physical activity and physical activity related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main online database used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. COVID-19 has negatively influenced motor behavior, levels of regular exercise practice, eating and nutritional patterns, and the psychological status of citizens. These factors feed into each other, worsening COVID-19 symptoms, the risk of death from SARS-CoV-2, and the symptoms and effectiveness of the vaccine. The characteristics and symptoms related with the actual COVID-19 pandemic made the physical activity interventions a valuable prevention and treatment factor. Physical activity improves body composition, the cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and mental health of patients and enhancing antibody responses in vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid, 28670 Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla,080002 Colombia; Department of Adapted Physical Activity, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701. Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas - SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of health sciences. Faculty of health sciences, University of Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Belando
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid, 28670 Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid, 28670 Spain,Department of Adapted Physical Activity, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701. Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas - SP, Brazil
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18
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Chronoradiobiology of Breast Cancer: The Time Is Now to Link Circadian Rhythm and Radiation Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031331. [PMID: 35163264 PMCID: PMC8836288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has been linked to cancer development, progression, and radiation response. Clinical evidence to date shows that circadian genetic variation and time of treatment affect radiation response and toxicity for women with breast cancer. At the molecular level, there is interplay between circadian clock regulators such as PER1, which mediates ATM and p53-mediated cell cycle gating and apoptosis. These molecular alterations may govern aggressive cancer phenotypes, outcomes, and radiation response. Exploiting the various circadian clock mechanisms may enhance the therapeutic index of radiation by decreasing toxicity, increasing disease control, and improving outcomes. We will review the body’s natural circadian rhythms and clock gene-regulation while exploring preclinical and clinical evidence that implicates chronobiological disruptions in the etiology of breast cancer. We will discuss radiobiological principles and the circadian regulation of DNA damage responses. Lastly, we will present potential rational therapeutic approaches that target circadian pathways to improve outcomes in breast cancer. Understanding the implications of optimal timing in cancer treatment and exploring ways to entrain circadian biology with light, diet, and chronobiological agents like melatonin may provide an avenue for enhancing the therapeutic index of radiotherapy.
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19
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Junior RP, Sonehara NM, Jardim-Perassi BV, Pal A, Asad Y, Almeida Chuffa LG, Chammas R, Raynaud FI, Zuccari DAPC. Presence of human breast cancer xenograft changes the diurnal profile of amino acids in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1008. [PMID: 35046467 PMCID: PMC8770691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human xenografts are extremely useful models to study the biology of human cancers and the effects of novel potential therapies. Deregulation of metabolism, including changes in amino acids (AAs), is a common characteristic of many human neoplasms. Plasma AAs undergo daily variations, driven by circadian endogenous and exogenous factors. We compared AAs concentration in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF10A non-tumorigenic immortalized breast epithelial cells. We also measured plasma AAs in mice bearing xenograft MDA-MB-231 and compared their levels with non-tumor-bearing control animals over 24 h. In vitro studies revealed that most of AAs were significantly different in MDA-MB-231 cells when compared with MCF10A. Plasma concentrations of 15 AAs were higher in cancer cells, two were lower and four were observed to shift across 24 h. In the in vivo setting, analysis showed that 12 out of 20 AAs varied significantly between tumor-bearing and non-tumor bearing mice. Noticeably, these metabolites peaked in the dark phase in non-tumor bearing mice, which corresponds to the active time of these animals. Conversely, in tumor-bearing mice, the peak time occurred during the light phase. In the early period of the light phase, these AAs were significantly higher in tumor-bearing animals, yet significantly lower in the middle of the light phase when compared with controls. This pilot study highlights the importance of well controlled experiments in studies involving plasma AAs in human breast cancer xenografts, in addition to emphasizing the need for more precise examination of exometabolomic changes using multiple time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens Paula Junior
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Akos Pal
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Asad
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Roger Chammas
- Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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de Goede P, Wüst RCI, Schomakers BV, Denis S, Vaz FM, Pras-Raves ML, van Weeghel M, Yi CX, Kalsbeek A, Houtkooper RH. Time-restricted feeding during the inactive phase abolishes the daily rhythm in mitochondrial respiration in rat skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22133. [PMID: 35032416 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100707r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Shift-workers show an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A possible mechanism is the disruption of the circadian timing of glucose homeostasis. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is modulated by the molecular clock. We used time-restricted feeding (TRF) during the inactive phase to investigate how mistimed feeding affects muscle mitochondrial metabolism. Rats on an ad libitum (AL) diet were compared to those that could eat only during the light (inactive) or dark (active) phase. Mitochondrial respiration, metabolic gene expressions, and metabolite concentrations were determined in the soleus muscle. Rats on AL feeding or dark-fed TRF showed a clear daily rhythm in muscle mitochondrial respiration. This rhythm in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity was abolished in light-fed TRF animals and overall 24h respiration was lower. The expression of several genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and the fission/fusion machinery was altered in light-fed animals. Metabolomics analysis indicated that light-fed animals had lost rhythmic levels of α-ketoglutarate and citric acid. Contrastingly, lipidomics showed that light-fed animals abundantly gained rhythmicity in levels of triglycerides. Furthermore, while the RER shifted entirely with the food intake in the light-fed animals, many measured metabolic parameters (e.g., activity and mitochondrial respiration) did not strictly align with the shifted timing of food intake, resulting in a mismatch between expected metabolic supply/demand (as dictated by the circadian timing system and light/dark-cycle) and the actual metabolic supply/demand (as dictated by the timing of food intake). These data suggest that shift-work impairs mitochondrial metabolism and causes metabolic inflexibility, which can predispose to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke V Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Denis
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mia L Pras-Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Al-Abri MA, Al Lawati I, Al Zadjali F. Association of elevated glycated hemoglobin and obesity with afternoon napping for more than 1 h in young and middle-aged healthy adults. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:869464. [PMID: 36299550 PMCID: PMC9589106 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep has different patterns followed worldwide and can be influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors. Daytime napping is commonly practiced in different parts of the world with controversial results of its effect on glucose metabolism. The current study aims to examine the association of afternoon napping and night sleep duration with metabolic derangements. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving young adults and middle-aged subjects. Anthropometric measurements were taken for height and weight and hip and waist ratio. Consented subjects were asked to wear actigraphy for 1 week and run their usual daily activities. Home sleep apnea testing was performed to exclude obstructive sleep apnea. Subjects had been asked to come fasting on day seven for blood collection to test for fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and insulin. RESULTS A total of 405 subjects were involved to complete the study (52% male, 48% female). The mean age of participants was 32.8 ± 11.5 years. The study indicated that the duration of afternoon napping was significantly associated with abnormal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c > 5.7%) (p = 0.01) and body mass index (p = 0.046) independent of age, gender, and nocturnal sleep duration. Nocturnal sleep duration was associated with increased insulin level (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Afternoon napping is associated with an increased level of glycated hemoglobin and obesity and that may predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Abri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibtisam Al Lawati
- Department of Physiology, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fahad Al Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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22
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Zlacká J, Zeman M. Glycolysis under Circadian Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413666. [PMID: 34948470 PMCID: PMC8703893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is considered a main metabolic pathway in highly proliferative cells, including endothelial, epithelial, immune, and cancer cells. Although oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is more efficient in ATP production per mole of glucose, proliferative cells rely predominantly on aerobic glycolysis, which generates ATP faster compared to OXPHOS and provides anabolic substrates to support cell proliferation and migration. Cellular metabolism, including glucose metabolism, is under strong circadian control. Circadian clocks control a wide array of metabolic processes, including glycolysis, which exhibits a distinct circadian pattern. In this review, we discuss circadian regulations during metabolic reprogramming and key steps of glycolysis in activated, highly proliferative cells. We suggest that the inhibition of metabolic reprogramming in the circadian manner can provide some advantages in the inhibition of oxidative glycolysis and a chronopharmacological approach is a promising way to treat diseases associated with up-regulated glycolysis.
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23
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Xie Z, Ahmad IM, Zuo L, Xiao F, Wang Y, Li D. Hibernation with rhythmicity: the circadian clock and hormonal adaptations of the hibernating Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans). Integr Zool 2021; 17:656-669. [PMID: 34791783 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is one of the fundamental strategies in response to cold environmental temperatures. During hibernation, the endocrine and circadian systems ensure minimal expenditure of energy for survival. The circadian rhythms of key hormones, melatonin (MT), corticosterone (CORT), triiodothyronine (T3 ), and thyroxine (T4 ), and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms of hibernation have been well determined in mammals but not in ectotherms. Here, a terrestrial hibernating species, Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans), was employed to investigate the plasma CORT, MT, T3 , and T4 ; and the retina, brain, and liver mRNA expression of the core clock genes, including circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1), cryptochrome (Cry) 1 and 2, and period (Per) 1 and 2, at 7-time points over a 24-h period under acute cold (1 day at 4°C), and hibernation (45 days at 4°C). Our results showed that the circadian rhythms of the core clock genes were rather unaffected by acute cold exposure in the retina, unlike the brain and liver. In contrast, during hibernation, the liver clock genes displayed significant circadian oscillations, while those in the retina and brain stopped ticking. Furthermore, plasma CORT expressed circadian oscillations in both groups, and T3 in acute cold exposure group, whereas T4 and MT did not. Our results reveal that the plasma CORT and the liver sustain rhythmicity when the brain was not, indicating that the liver clock along with the adrenal clock synergistically maintains the metabolic requirements to ensure basic survival in hibernating Asiatic toads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Xie
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ibrahim M Ahmad
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lirong Zuo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yongpeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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24
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Casey T, Suarez-Trujillo AM, McCabe C, Beckett L, Klopp R, Brito L, Rocha Malacco VM, Hilger S, Donkin SS, Boerman J, Plaut K. Transcriptome analysis reveals disruption of circadian rhythms in late gestation dairy cows may increase risk for fatty liver and reduced mammary remodeling. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:441-455. [PMID: 34643103 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption increased insulin resistance and decreased mammary development in late gestation, nonlactating (dry) cows. The objective was to measure the effect of circadian disruption on transcriptomes of the liver and mammary gland. At 35 days before expected calving (BEC), multiparous dry cows were assigned to either control (CON) or phase-shifted treatments (PS). CON was exposed to 16-h light and 8-h dark. PS was exposed to 16-h light to 8-h dark, but phase of the light-dark cycle was shifted 6 h every 3 days. On day 21 BEC, liver and mammary were biopsied. RNA was isolated (n = 6 CON, n = 6 PS per tissue), and libraries were prepared and sequenced using paired-end reads. Reads mapping to bovine genome averaged 27 ± 2 million and aligned to 14,222 protein-coding genes in liver and 15,480 in mammary analysis. In the liver, 834 genes, and in the mammary gland, 862 genes were different (nominal P < 0.05) between PS and CON. In the liver, genes upregulated in PS functioned in cholesterol biosynthesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, wound healing, and inflammation. Genes downregulated in liver function in cholesterol efflux. In the mammary gland, genes upregulated functioned in mRNA processing and transcription and downregulated genes encoded extracellular matrix proteins and proteases, cathepsins and lysosomal proteases, lipid transporters, and regulated oxidative phosphorylation. Increased cholesterol synthesis and decreased efflux suggest that circadian disruption potentially increases the risk of fatty liver in cows. Decreased remodeling and lipid transport in mammary may decrease milk production capacity during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Conor McCabe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Linda Beckett
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Rebecca Klopp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Luiz Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Susan Hilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jacquelyn Boerman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Namgyal D, Chandan K, Ali S, Ahmad A, Hashim MJ, Sarwat M. Aberrant Lighting Causes Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice but Curcumin Ameliorates the Symptoms. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092590. [PMID: 34573555 PMCID: PMC8466876 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the present study, we exposed mice to aberrant lighting system and noticed anxiety-like behavior. These symptoms were ameliorated by oral administration of curcumin. The study was carried out on the animals for three weeks in dim light at night (dLAN) and complete darkness (DD), monitoring the body weight, daily food intake, anxiety-like behavior, and expression of the period (PER1) gene. The exposure to dim light at night was found to significantly enhance the anxiety-like behavior and increased the body weight possibly through altered metabolism in mice. In contrast, exposure to DD caused increased anxiety but no significant difference in the body weight. Moreover, the expression of the PER1 gene involved in sleep was also found to be decreased in the aberrant light conditions (dLAN and DD). Although the treatment of curcumin had no effect on the body weight, it had ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior possibly by modulating the expression of the PER1 gene. Thus, the alteration in the light/dark cycle has negative influences on body weight, affecting even the emotional quotient. This study identifies the risk factors associated with aberrant lighting conditions in laboratory animal and ameliorative effects of curcumin. Abstract In the modern research field, laboratory animals are constantly kept under artificial lighting conditions. However, recent studies have shown the effect of artificial light on animal behavior and metabolism. In the present study on mice, following three weeks of housing in dim light at night (dLAN; 5lux) and complete darkness (DD; 0lux), we monitored the effect on body weight, daily food intake, anxiety-like behavior by employing the open field test, and expression of the period (PER1) gene. We also studied the effect of oral administration of different concentrations of curcumin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) for three weeks in the same mice and monitored these parameters. The exposure to dLAN had significantly increased the anxiety-like behavior and body weight possibly through the altered metabolism in mice, whereas exposure to DD caused increased anxiety but no significant difference in weight gain. Moreover, the expression of the PER1 gene involved in sleep was also found to be decreased in the aberrant light conditions (dLAN and DD). Although the treatment of curcumin had no effect on body weight, it ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior possibly by modulating the expression of the PER1 gene. Thus, alteration in the light/dark cycle had a negative effect on laboratory animals on the body weight and emotions of animals. The present study identifies the risk factors associated with artificial lighting systems on the behavior of laboratory animals and the ameliorative effects of curcumin, with a focus on anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Namgyal
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neuroscience, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
| | - Kumari Chandan
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
| | - Sher Ali
- School of Basic Sciences and Research, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha J. Hashim
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
- Correspondence:
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LLabre JE, Trujillo R, Sroga GE, Figueiro MG, Vashishth D. Circadian rhythm disruption with high-fat diet impairs glycemic control and bone quality. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21786. [PMID: 34411349 PMCID: PMC8534979 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100610rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological functions, including glycemic control and bone metabolism, are highly influenced by the body's internal clock. Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that run with a period close to 24 hours and receive input from environmental stimuli, such as the light/dark cycle. We investigated the effects of circadian rhythm disruption (CRD), through alteration of the light/dark schedule, on glycemic control and bone quality of mice. Ten-week-old male mice (C57/BL6, n = 48) were given a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and kept on a dayshift or altered schedule (RSS3) for 22 weeks. Mice were divided into four experimental groups (n = 12/group): Dayshift/LFD, Dayshift/HFD, RSS3/LFD, and RSS3/HFD. CRD in growing mice fed a HFD resulted in a diabetic state, with a 36.2% increase in fasting glucose levels compared to the Dayshift/LFD group. Micro-CT scans of femora revealed a reduction in inner and outer surface expansion for mice on a HFD and altered light schedule. Cancellous bone demonstrated deterioration of bone quality as trabecular number and thickness decreased while trabecular separation increased. While HFD increased cortical bone mineral density, its combination with CRD reduced this phenomenon. The growth of mineral crystals, determined by small angle X-ray scattering, showed HFD led to smaller crystals. Considering modifications of the organic matrix, regardless of diet, CRD exacerbated the accumulation of fluorescent advanced glycation end-products (fAGEs) in collagen. Strength testing of tibiae showed that CRD mitigated the higher strength in the HFD group and increased brittleness indicated by lower post-yield deflection and work-to-fracture. Consistent with accumulation of fAGEs, various measures of toughness were lowered with CRD, but combination of CRD with HFD protected against this decrease. Differences between strength and toughness results represent different contributions of structural and material properties of bone to energy dissipation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that combination of CRD with HFD impairs glycemic control and have complex effects on bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E. LLabre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ruben Trujillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Grażyna E. Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | | | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Casey T, Suarez-Trujillo A, Cummings S, Huff K, Crodian J, Bhide K, Aduwari C, Teeple K, Shamay A, Mabjeesh SJ, San Miguel P, Thimmapuram J, Plaut K. Core circadian clock transcription factor BMAL1 regulates mammary epithelial cell growth, differentiation, and milk component synthesis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248199. [PMID: 34415905 PMCID: PMC8378744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role the mammary epithelial circadian clock plays in gland development and lactation is unknown. We hypothesized that mammary epithelial clocks function to regulate mammogenesis and lactogenesis, and propose the core clock transcription factor BMAL1:CLOCK regulates genes that control mammary epithelial development and milk synthesis. Our objective was to identify transcriptional targets of BMAL1 in undifferentiated (UNDIFF) and lactogen differentiated (DIFF) mammary epithelial cells (HC11) using ChIP-seq. Ensembl gene IDs with the nearest transcriptional start site to ChIP-seq peaks were explored as potential targets, and represented 846 protein coding genes common to UNDIFF and DIFF cells and 2773 unique to DIFF samples. Genes with overlapping peaks between samples (1343) enriched cell-cell adhesion, membrane transporters and lipid metabolism categories. To functionally verify targets, an HC11 line with Bmal1 gene knocked out (BMAL1-KO) using CRISPR-CAS was created. BMAL1-KO cultures had lower cell densities over an eight-day growth curve, which was associated with increased (p<0.05) levels of reactive oxygen species and lower expression of superoxide dismutase 3 (Sod3). RT-qPCR analysis also found lower expression of the putative targets, prolactin receptor (Prlr), Ppara, and beta-casein (Csn2). Findings support our hypothesis and highlight potential importance of clock in mammary development and substrate transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Aridany Suarez-Trujillo
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Shelby Cummings
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Huff
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Crodian
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Ketaki Bhide
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Clare Aduwari
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Teeple
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Avi Shamay
- Animal Science Institute, Agriculture Research Origination, The Volcani Center, Rishon Letsiyon, Israel
| | - Sameer J. Mabjeesh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Phillip San Miguel
- Genomics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Jyothi Thimmapuram
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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He X, Yang S, Deng J, Wu Q, Zang WJ. Amelioration of circadian disruption and calcium-handling protein defects by choline alleviates cardiac remodeling in abdominal aorta coarctation rats. J Transl Med 2021; 101:878-896. [PMID: 33649466 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The key pathophysiological process leading to heart failure is cardiac remodeling, a term referring to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. We explored circadian rhythm disruption and calcium dyshomeostasis in cardiac remodeling and investigated the cardioprotective effect of choline. The experiments were conducted using a model of cardiac remodeling by abdominal aorta coarctation (AAC) in Sprague-Dawley rats. In vitro cardiomyocyte remodeling was induced by exposing neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to angiotensin II. The circadian rhythms of the transcript levels of the seven major components of the mammalian clock (Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα, Per1/2, and Cry1/2) were altered in AAC rat hearts during a normal 24 h light/dark cycle. AAC also upregulated the levels of proteins that mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry/receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (stromal interaction molecule 1 [STIM1], Orai1, and transient receptor potential canonical 6 [TRPC6]) in rat hearts. Moreover, choline ameliorated circadian rhythm disruption, reduced the upregulated protein levels of STIM1, Orai1, and TRPC6, and alleviated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling (evidenced by attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis) in AAC rats. In vitro analyses showed that choline ameliorated calcium overload, downregulated STIM1, Orai1, and TRPC6, and inhibited thapsigargin-induced store-operated Ca2+ entry and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-induced receptor-operated Ca2+ entry in angiotensin II-treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, choline attenuated AAC-induced cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, which was related to amelioration of circadian rhythm disruption and attenuation of calcium-handling protein defects. Modulation of vagal activity by choline targeting the circadian rhythm and calcium homeostasis may have therapeutic potential for cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
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Bommasamudram T, Gandhi P, Iype RO, Raj B, Chandrasekaran B. Circadian influence on post-exercise hypotension: a review. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm (CR) can influence the physiological and psychological parameters in every individual. There is a sinusoidal response to blood pressure brought about by the CR. A drop in blood pressure response immediately after an exercise is termed as post-exercise hypotension (PEH). The objective of the present paper is to review the influence of CR on PEH. Comparing the types of exercises, aerobic training showed a higher magnitude of the drop in PEH than resistance training. However, the majority of the studies have not considered the CR influence on PEH. With the evidence available, we can conclude that morning exercise shows the higher magnitude of the drop in PEH and could be sustained for a longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Bommasamudram
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Marena, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - P. Gandhi
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Marena, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Oommen Iype
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Marena, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - B. Raj
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Marena, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - B. Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Marena, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
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Davidson MD, Khetani SR. Intermittent Starvation Extends the Functional Lifetime of Primary Human Hepatocyte Cultures. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:266-277. [PMID: 31977024 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary human hepatocyte (PHH) cultures have become indispensable to mitigate the risk of adverse drug reactions in human patients. In contrast to dedifferentiating monocultures, coculture with nonparenchymal cells maintains PHH functions for 2-4 weeks. However, because the functional lifespan of PHHs in vivo is 200-400 days, it is desirable to further prolong PHH functions in vitro toward modeling chronic drug exposure and disease progression. Fasting has benefits on the longevity of organisms and the health of tissues such as the liver. We hypothesized that a culturing protocol that mimics dynamic fasting/starvation could activate starvation pathways and prolong PHH functional lifetime. To mimic starvation, serum and hormones were intermittently removed from the culture medium of micropatterned cocultures (MPCCs) containing PHHs organized onto collagen domains and surrounded by 3T3-J2 murine fibroblasts. A weekly 2-day starvation optimally prolonged PHH functional lifetime for 6+ weeks in MPCCs versus a decline after 3 weeks in nonstarved controls. The 2-day starvation also enhanced the functions of PHH monocultures for 2 weeks, suggesting direct effects on PHHs. In MPCCs, starvation activated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and restricted fibroblast overgrowth onto PHH islands, thereby maintaining hepatic polarity. The effects of starvation on MPCCs were partially recapitulated by activating AMPK using metformin or growth arresting fibroblasts via mitomycin-C. Lastly, starved MPCCs demonstrated lower false positives for drug toxicity tests and higher drug-induced cytochrome-P450 activities versus nonstarved controls even after 5 weeks. In conclusion, intermittent serum/hormone starvation extends PHH functional lifetime toward enabling clinically relevant drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Davidson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Salman R Khetani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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31
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Gaskell SK, Rauch CE, Parr A, Costa RJS. Diurnal versus Nocturnal Exercise-Effect on the Gastrointestinal Tract. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1056-1067. [PMID: 33065594 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the effect of diurnal versus nocturnal exercise on gastrointestinal integrity and functional responses, plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations (as indirect indicators of endotoxin responses), systemic inflammatory cytokine profile, gastrointestinal symptoms, and feeding tolerance. METHODS Endurance runners (n = 16) completed 3 h of 60% V˙O2max (22.7°C, 45% relative humidity) running, on one occasion performed at 0900 h (400 lx; DAY) and on another occasion at 2100 h (2 lx; NIGHT). Blood samples were collected pre- and postexercise and during recovery to determine plasma concentrations of cortisol, catecholamines, claudin-3, I-FABP, LBP, and sCD14 and inflammatory cytokine profiles by ELISA. Orocecal transit time (OCTT) was determined by lactulose challenge test given at 150 min, with concomitant breath hydrogen (H2) and gastrointestinal symptom determination. RESULTS Cortisol increased substantially pre- to postexercise on NIGHT (+182%) versus DAY (+4%) (trial-time, P = 0.046), with no epinephrine (+41%) and norepinephrine (+102%) trial differences. I-FABP, but not claudin-3, increased pre- to postexercise on both trials (mean = 2269 pg·mL-1, 95% confidence interval = 1351-3187, +143%) (main effect of time [MEOT], P < 0.001). sCD14 increased pre- to postexercise (trial-time, P = 0.045, +5.6%) and was greater on DAY, but LBP decreased (MEOT, P = 0.019, -11.2%) on both trials. No trial difference was observed for systemic cytokine profile (MEOT, P = 0.004). Breath H2 responses (P = 0.019) showed that OCTT was significantly delayed on NIGHT (>84 min, with n = 3 showing no breath H2 turning point by 180 min postexercise) compared with DAY (mean = 54 min, 95% confidence interval = 29-79). NIGHT resulted in greater total gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.009) compared with DAY. No difference in feeding tolerance markers was observed between trials. CONCLUSION Nocturnal exercise instigates greater gastrointestinal functional perturbations and symptoms compared with diurnal exercise. However, there are no circadian differences to gastrointestinal integrity and systemic perturbations in response to the same exertional stress and controlled procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Gaskell
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
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Jacq A, Becquet D, Bello-Goutierrez MM, Boyer B, Guillen S, Franc JL, François-Bellan AM. Genome-wide screening of circadian and non-circadian impact of Neat1 genetic deletion. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2121-2132. [PMID: 33995907 PMCID: PMC8085668 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neat1 deletion affects numerous circadian and non-circadian genes. Neat1 deletion causes loss, modification or acquisition of gene circadian pattern. Paraspeckles contribute significantly to the circadian transcriptome.
The functions of the long non-coding RNA, Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (Neat1), are poorly understood. Neat1 is required for the formation of paraspeckles, but its respective paraspeckle-dependent or independent functions are unknown. Several studies including ours reported that Neat1 is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms. We characterized the impact of Neat1 genetic deletion in a rat pituitary cell line. The mRNAs whose circadian expression pattern or expression level is regulated by Neat1 were identified after high-throughput RNA sequencing of the circadian transcriptome of wild-type cells compared to cells in which Neat1 was deleted by CRISPR/Cas9. The numerous RNAs affected by Neat1 deletion were found to be circadian or non-circadian, targets or non-targets of paraspeckles, and to be associated with many key biological processes showing that Neat1, in interaction with the circadian system or independently, could play crucial roles in key physiological functions through diverse mechanisms.
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Cheng H, Liu Z, Wu G, Ho CT, Li D, Xie Z. Dietary compounds regulating the mammal peripheral circadian rhythms and modulating metabolic outcomes. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Kadota A, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Fukumura K, Shikano K, Narimatsu Y, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Effects of Irregular Feeding on the Daily Fluctuations in mRNA Expression of the Neurosecretory Protein GL and Neurosecretory Protein GM Genes in the Mouse Hypothalamus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2109. [PMID: 33672695 PMCID: PMC7924315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian desynchrony induced by a long period of irregular feeding leads to metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. The recently identified neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) and neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM) are hypothalamic small proteins that stimulate food intake and fat accumulation in several animals. To clarify the mechanisms that evoke feeding behavior and induce energy metabolism at the appropriate times in accordance with a circadian rhythm, diurnal fluctuations in Npgl and Npgm mRNA expression were investigated in mice. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNAs of these two genes were highly expressed in the mediobasal hypothalamus during the active dark phase under ad libitum feeding. In mice restricted to 3 h of feeding during the inactive light phase, the Npgl mRNA level was augmented in the moment prior to the feeding period and the midnight peak of Npgm mRNA was attenuated. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of clock genes, feeding regulatory neuropeptides, and lipid metabolic enzymes in the central and peripheral tissues were comparable to those of central Npgl and Npgm. These data suggest that Npgl and Npgm transcription fluctuates daily and likely mediates feeding behavior and/or energy metabolism at an appropriate time according to the meal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Kadota
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Keisuke Fukumura
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Kenshiro Shikano
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuki Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Megumi Furumitsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
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Regulation of diurnal energy balance by mitokines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3369-3384. [PMID: 33464381 PMCID: PMC7814174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian system of energy balance regulation is intrinsically rhythmic with diurnal oscillations of behavioral and metabolic traits according to the 24 h day/night cycle, driven by cellular circadian clocks and synchronized by environmental or internal cues such as metabolites and hormones associated with feeding rhythms. Mitochondria are crucial organelles for cellular energy generation and their biology is largely under the control of the circadian system. Whether mitochondrial status might also feed-back on the circadian system, possibly via mitokines that are induced by mitochondrial stress as endocrine-acting molecules, remains poorly understood. Here, we describe our current understanding of the diurnal regulation of systemic energy balance, with focus on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), two well-known endocrine-acting metabolic mediators. FGF21 shows a diurnal oscillation and directly affects the output of the brain master clock. Moreover, recent data demonstrated that mitochondrial stress-induced GDF15 promotes a day-time restricted anorexia and systemic metabolic remodeling as shown in UCP1-transgenic mice, where both FGF21 and GDF15 are induced as myomitokines. In this mouse model of slightly uncoupled skeletal muscle mitochondria GDF15 proved responsible for an increased metabolic flexibility and a number of beneficial metabolic adaptations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying energy balance regulation by mitokines are just starting to emerge, and more data on diurnal patterns in mouse and man are required. This will open new perspectives into the diurnal nature of mitokines and action both in health and disease.
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Alkhalil A, Ball RL, Garg G, Day A, Carney BC, Kumar R, Hammamieh R, Moffatt LT, Shupp JW. Cutaneous Thermal Injury Modulates Blood and Skin Metabolomes Differently in a Murine Model. J Burn Care Res 2020; 42:727-742. [PMID: 33301570 PMCID: PMC8335952 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As the field of metabolomics develops further, investigations of how the metabolome is affected following thermal injury may be helpful to inform diagnostics and guide treatments. In this study, changes to the metabolome were tested and validated in a murine burn injury model. After a 30% total body surface scald injury or sham procedure sera and skin biopsies were collected at 1, 2, 6, or 24 hr. Burn-specific changes in the metabolome were detected compared to sham animals. The sera metabolome exhibited a more rapid response to burn injury than that of the skin and it peaked more proximal to injury (6 vs 24 hr). Progression of metabolic response in the skin was less synchronous and showed a higher overlap of the significantly modified metabolites (SMMs) among tested time-points. Top affected pathways identified by SMMs of skin included inositol phosphate metabolism, ascorbate and alderate metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Future research is warranted in human and larger animal models to further elucidate the role of metabolomic perturbations and the pathophysiology following burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulnaser Alkhalil
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Robert L Ball
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gaurav Garg
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anna Day
- The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Bonnie C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Raina Kumar
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Maryland.,Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Beneficial effects of daytime high-intensity light exposure on daily rhythms, metabolic state and affect. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19782. [PMID: 33188227 PMCID: PMC7666121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the importance of the circadian system to health and well-being is extensively studied, the role of daylight exposure in these interactions is relatively poorly understood. Here we show, using a diurnal animal model naturally exposed to daylight, that daily morning exposure to 3000 lux, full spectrum electric light has beneficial health effects. Compared with controls, sand rats (Psammomys obesus) subjected to morning light treatment demonstrate daily rhythms with high peak to trough difference in activity, blood glucose levels and per2 gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, pre-frontal cortex, kidney and liver. The treated animals were also healthier, being normoglycemic, having higher glucose tolerance, lower body and heart weight and lower anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Our results suggest that exposure to high intensity light is important for the proper function of the circadian system and well-being, and are important in face of human's low exposure to daylight and extensive use of artificial light at night.
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Nam YH, Jeong SY, Kim YH, Rodriguez I, Nuankaew W, Bhawal UK, Hong BN, Kang TH. Anti-aging effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) in differentiated embryo chondrocyte (DEC) knockout mice. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:183-190. [PMID: 33437170 PMCID: PMC7790900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian rhythm is the internal clock that controls sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, cognition, and several processes in the body, and its disruption has been associated with aging. The differentiated embryo chondrocyte (Dec) gene is related to circadian rhythm. To our knowledge, there are no reports of the relationship between dec gene expression and KRG effect. Therefore, we treated Dec gene knockout (KO) aging mice with KRG to study anti-aging related effects and possible mechanisms. Methods We evaluated KRG and expression of Dec genes in an ototoxicity model. Dec genes expression in livers of aging mice was further analyzed. Then, we assessed the effects of DEC KO on hearing function in mice by ABR. Finally, we performed DNA microarray to identify KRG-related gene expression changes in mouse liver and assessed the results using KEGG analysis. Results KRG decreased the expression of Dec genes in ototoxicity model, which may contribute to its anti-aging efficacy. Moreover, KRG suppressed Dec genes expression in liver of wild type indicating inhibition of senescence. ABR test indicated that KRG improved auditory function in aging mouse, demonstrating KRG efficacy on aging related diseases. Conclusion Finally, in KEGG analysis of 238 genes that were activated and 158 that were inhibited by KRG in DEC KO mice, activated genes were involved in proliferation signaling, mineral absorption, and PPAR signaling whereas the inhibited genes were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and peroxisomes. Our data indicate that inhibition of senescence-related Dec genes may explain the anti-aging efficacy of KRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Nam
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanlapa Nuankaew
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bin Na Hong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea
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Valcin JA, Udoh US, Swain TM, Andringa KK, Patel CR, Al Diffalha S, Baker PRS, Gamble KL, Bailey SM. Alcohol and Liver Clock Disruption Increase Small Droplet Macrosteatosis, Alter Lipid Metabolism and Clock Gene mRNA Rhythms, and Remodel the Triglyceride Lipidome in Mouse Liver. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1048. [PMID: 33013449 PMCID: PMC7504911 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol drinking dysregulates lipid metabolism, promoting hepatic steatosis – the first stage of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). The molecular circadian clock plays a major role in synchronizing daily rhythms in behavior and metabolism and clock disruption can cause pathology, including liver disease. Previous studies indicate that alcohol consumption alters liver clock function, but the impact alcohol or clock disruption, or both have on the temporal control of hepatic lipid metabolism and injury remains unclear. Here, we undertook studies to determine whether genetic disruption of the liver clock exacerbates alterations in lipid metabolism and worsens steatosis in alcohol-fed mice. To address this question, male liver-specific Bmal1 knockout (LKO) and flox/flox (Fl/Fl) control mice were fed a control or alcohol-containing diet for 5 weeks. Alcohol significantly dampened diurnal rhythms of mRNA levels in clock genes Bmal1 and Dbp, phase advanced Nr1d1/REV-ERBα, and induced arrhythmicity in Clock, Noct, and Nfil3/E4BP4, with further disruption in livers of LKO mice. Alcohol-fed LKO mice exhibited higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and different time-of-day patterns of hepatic TG and macrosteatosis, with elevated levels of small droplet macrosteatosis compared to alcohol-fed Fl/Fl mice. Diurnal rhythms in mRNA levels of lipid metabolism transcription factors (Srebf1, Nr1h2, and Ppara) were significantly altered by alcohol and clock disruption. Alcohol and/or clock disruption significantly altered diurnal rhythms in mRNA levels of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and oxidation (Acaca/b, Mlycd, Cpt1a, Fasn, Elovl5/6, and Fads1/2), TG turnover (Gpat1, Agpat1/2, Lpin1/2, Dgat2, and Pnpla2/3), and lipid droplet (Plin2/5, Lipe, Mgll, and Abdh5) genes, along with protein abundances of p-ACC, MCD, and FASN. Lipidomics analyses showed that alcohol, clock disruption, or both significantly altered FA saturation and remodeled the FA composition of the hepatic TG pool, with higher percentages of several long and very long chain FA in livers of alcohol-fed LKO mice. In conclusion, these results show that the liver clock is important for maintaining temporal control of hepatic lipid metabolism and that disrupting the liver clock exacerbates alcohol-related hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Valcin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Uduak S Udoh
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Telisha M Swain
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kelly K Andringa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chirag R Patel
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Sun Q, Yang Y, Wang Z, Yang X, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Ge W, Liu J, Xu X, Guan W, Weng D, Wang S, Wang J, Zhang J. PER1 interaction with GPX1 regulates metabolic homeostasis under oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101694. [PMID: 32896721 PMCID: PMC7484554 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism serves mammalian feeding and active behavior, and is controlled by circadian clock. The molecular mechanism by which clock factors regulate metabolic homeostasis under oxidative stress is unclear. Here, we have characterized that the daily oxygen consumption rhythm was deregulated in Per1 deficient mice. Per1 deficiency impaired daily mitochondrial dynamics and deregulated cellular GPx-related ROS fluctuations in the peripheral organs. We identified that PER1 enhanced GPx activity through PER1/GPX1 interaction in cytoplasm, consequently improving the oxidative phosphorylation efficiency of mitochondria. Per1 expression was specifically elevated in the fasting peripheral organs for protecting mitochondrial from oxidation stress. These observations reveal that Per1-driven mitochondrial dynamics is a critical effector mechanism for the regulation of mitochondrial function in response to oxidation stress. PER1 regulates daily metabolic rhythm uncoupled from feeding oscillations. Per1 deficiency impairs mitochondrial dynamics and deregulates ROS fluctuations. PER1 interactions with GPX1 and increases mitochondrial ROS clearance. Fasting elevates Per1 expression to protect mitochondrial from oxidation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wei Guan
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Dan Weng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Allison DB, Ren G, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Mia S, McGinnis GR, Davis J, Gamble KL, Kim JA, Young ME. Diurnal, metabolic and thermogenic alterations in a murine model of accelerated aging. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1119-1139. [PMID: 32819176 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1796699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 (SAMP8) mice exhibit characteristics of premature aging, including hair loss, cognitive dysfunction, reduced physical activity, impaired metabolic homeostasis, cardiac dysfunction and reduced lifespan. Interestingly, circadian disruption can induce or augment many of these same pathologies. Moreover, previous studies have reported that SAMP8 mice exhibit abnormalities in circadian wheel-running behavior, indicating possible alterations in circadian clock function. These observations led to the hypothesis that 24 h rhythms in behavior and/or circadian clock function are altered in SAMP8 mice and that these alterations may contribute to perturbations in whole-body metabolism. Here, we report that 6-month-old SAMP8 mice exhibit a more prominent biphasic pattern in daily behaviors (food intake and physical activity) and whole-body metabolism (energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio), relative to SAMR1 control mice. Consistent with a delayed onset of food intake at the end of the light phase, SAMP8 mice exhibit a phase delay (1.3-1.9 h) in 24 h gene expression rhythms of major circadian clock components (bmal1, rev-erbα, per2, dbp) in peripheral tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue [WAT], brown adipose tissue [BAT]). Forcing mice to consume food only during the dark period improved alignment of both whole-body metabolism and oscillations in expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues between SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. Next, interrogation of metabolic genes revealed altered expression of thermogenesis mediators (ucp1, pgc1α, dio2) in WAT and/or BAT in SAMP8 mice. Interestingly, SAMP8 mice exhibit a decreased tolerance to an acute (5 h) cold challenge. Moreover, SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice exhibited differential responses to a chronic (1 week) decrease in ambient temperature; the greatest response in whole-body substrate selection was observed in SAMR1 mice. Collectively, these observations reveal differential behaviors (e.g. 24 h food intake patterns) in SAMP8 mice that are associated with perturbations in peripheral circadian clocks, metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Guang Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sobuj Mia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Graham R McGinnis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Ruddick-Collins LC, Morgan PJ, Johnstone AM. Mealtime: A circadian disruptor and determinant of energy balance? J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12886. [PMID: 32662577 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a critical role in the physiological processes involved in energy metabolism and energy balance (EB). A large array of metabolic processes, including the expression of many energy-regulating endocrine hormones, display temporal rhythms that are driven by both the circadian clock and food intake. Mealtime has been shown to be a compelling zeitgeber in peripheral tissue rhythms. Inconsistent signalling to the periphery, because of mismatched input from the central clock vs time of eating, results in circadian disruption in which central and/or peripheral rhythms are asynchronously time shifted or their amplitudes reduced. A growing body of evidence supports the negative health effects of circadian disruption, with strong evidence in murine models that mealtime-induced circadian disruption results in various metabolic consequences, including energy imbalance and weight gain. Increased weight gain has been reported to occur even without differences in energy intake, indicating an effect of circadian disruption on energy expenditure. However, the translation of these findings to humans is not well established because the ability to undertake rigorously controlled dietary studies that explore the chronic effects on energy regulation is challenging. Establishing the neuroendocrine changes in response to both acute and chronic variations in mealtime, along with observations in populations with routinely abnormal mealtimes, may provide greater insight into underlying mechanisms that influence long-term weight management under different meal patterns. Human studies should explore mechanisms through relevant biomarkers; for example, cortisol, leptin, ghrelin and other energy-regulating neuroendocrine factors. Mistiming between aggregate hormonal signals, or between hormones with their receptors, may cause reduced signalling intensity and hormonal resistance. Understanding how mealtimes may impact on the coordination of endocrine factors is essential for untangling the complex regulation of EB. Here a review is provided on current evidence of the impacts of mealtime on energy metabolism and the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms, with a specific focus on human research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Morgan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Malaria parasites regulate intra-erythrocytic development duration via serpentine receptor 10 to coordinate with host rhythms. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2763. [PMID: 32488076 PMCID: PMC7265539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites complete their intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) in multiples of 24 h suggesting a circadian basis, but the mechanism controlling this periodicity is unknown. Combining in vivo and in vitro approaches utilizing rodent and human malaria parasites, we reveal that: (i) 57% of Plasmodium chabaudi genes exhibit daily rhythms in transcription; (ii) 58% of these genes lose transcriptional rhythmicity when the IDC is out-of-synchrony with host rhythms; (iii) 6% of Plasmodium falciparum genes show 24 h rhythms in expression under free-running conditions; (iv) Serpentine receptor 10 (SR10) has a 24 h transcriptional rhythm and disrupting it in rodent malaria parasites shortens the IDC by 2-3 h; (v) Multiple processes including DNA replication, and the ubiquitin and proteasome pathways, are affected by loss of coordination with host rhythms and by disruption of SR10. Our results reveal malaria parasites are at least partly responsible for scheduling the IDC and coordinating their development with host daily rhythms. The mechanism underlying periodicity of Plasmodium’s intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) is unclear. Here, Subudhi et al. show that serpentine receptor 10 (SR10) plays a role in regulating the schedule of the IDC in line with the timing of host daily rhythms.
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Refinetti R. Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:321-362. [PMID: 33251281 PMCID: PMC7678948 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1743605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on the circadian rhythms of body temperature and whole-organism metabolism. The two rhythms are first described separately, each description preceded by a review of research methods. Both rhythms are generated endogenously but can be affected by exogenous factors. The relationship between the two rhythms is discussed next. In endothermic animals, modulation of metabolic activity can affect body temperature, but the rhythm of body temperature is not a mere side effect of the rhythm of metabolic thermogenesis associated with general activity. The circadian system modulates metabolic heat production to generate the body temperature rhythm, which challenges homeothermy but does not abolish it. Individual cells do not regulate their own temperature, but the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism at the cellular level is also discussed. Metabolism is both an output of and an input to the circadian clock, meaning that circadian rhythmicity and metabolism are intertwined in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Balthazar M, Diallo I, Pak VM. Metabolomics of sleep disorders in HIV: a narrative review. Sleep Breath 2020; 24:1333-1337. [PMID: 32198720 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep disturbances are prevalent among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), even those who are being treated on antiretroviral therapy. It is important to understand the metabolomic mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS A review of recent literature was performed to explore the use of metabolomics in understanding sleep among PLWH. RESULTS We found only two studies that used metabolomics to explore sleep health among PLWH. CONCLUSION This paper reviews common sleep disorders in HIV, the existing metabolomic studies that may explain the relationship, and implications for future research. The use of metabolomics in exploring sleep disorders among PLWH will help to elucidate mechanistic links to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Balthazar
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Idiatou Diallo
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria M Pak
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Huang Z, Wei H, Wang X, Xiao J, Li Z, Xie Y, Hu Y, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang S. Icariin promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by upregulating BMAL1 expression via BMP signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1590-1596. [PMID: 32016461 PMCID: PMC7002972 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing research has demonstrated that expression of brain and muscle ARNT‑like 1 (BMAL1) and other circadian clock genes can be regulated by drugs and toxicants. We previously demonstrated that icariin, extracted from Herba Epimedii, sromotes osteogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism underlying the association between icariin and BMAL1 in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains unclear. The present study was designed with an aim to clarify the association between icariin and BMAL1 in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and BMAL1 in BMSCs was evaluated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. ALP and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining were also performed. Icariin promoted BMSC proliferation, and upregulated expression of osteogenic genes and BMAL1. In addition, expression of the osteogenic genes BMP2, RUNX2, ALP and OC were upregulated by BMAL1 overexpression. Furthermore, we confirmed that BMAL1 deficiency suppressed osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Finally, ARS staining of BMAL1‑/‑ BMSCs revealed that BMAL1 was an essential intermediary in matrix mineralization during osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that icariin promoted osteogenic differentiation through BMAL1‑BMP2 signaling in BMSCs. The present study thus described a novel target of icariin that has potential applications in the treatment of osteogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfa Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Zuoqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Shutong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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Moriya K, Tamai M, Koga T, Tanaka T, Tagawa Y. Acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity of cultured hepatocytes depends on timing of isolation from light‐cycle controlled mice. Genes Cells 2020; 25:257-269. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Moriya
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
| | - Miho Tamai
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Takumi Koga
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
| | - Yoh‐ichi Tagawa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
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Qin C, Sun J, Wang J, Han Y, Yang H, Shi Q, Lv Y, Hu P. Discovery of differentially expressed genes in the intestines of Pelteobagrus vachellii within a light/dark cycle. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:339-352. [PMID: 31809585 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1690498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In aquaculture, it is necessary to determine of the diurnal biological variations in the intestines to determine an appropriate feeding schedule. The present study aimed to examine the transcriptomes of the Pelteobagrus vachellii intestines at four time points (0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 18 h) within a light/dark cycle. In comparison with the zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0) transcriptomes, we identified 37,842 unigenes with significant differential expression, including 6,638; 9,626; and 7,938 that genes upregulated, and 3,507; 4,703; and 5,412 genes that were down regulated at 4, 12, and 24 h respectively. The differentially expressed unigenes were subjected to enrichment analysis, which indicated the involvement of the major digestive pathways, including digestion of protein, lipid and carbohydrate, catabolic process (protein, carbohydrate and lipid), and circadian rhythm. We selected 73 key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from among these pathways and identified DEGs that showed increased expression at night, including those encoding trypsin-3, chymotrypsinogen 2, amino acid transporter, maltase-glucoamylase, facilitated glucose transporter, lipase, phospholipase, fatty acid-binding protein, fatty acid synthase, long-chain fatty acid transport protein, and apolipoprotein. Moreover, DEGs involved of circadian rhythm were identified, including brain-muscle-Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1), cryptochrome-1, circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) and period circadian protein homolog 1-3. Finally, the expression levels of 12 unigenes were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, which were in accordance with RNA-sequencing analysis. In general, the expression of genes related to the digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates showed upregulated expression at night; however, the peak time of expression of transporters for different nutrition molecules showed more diversification within the light/dark cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China.,College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China
| | | | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China.,College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China
| | | | - He Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China.,College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China
| | - Qingchao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China.,College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China
| | - Yunyun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China.,College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China.,College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, PR China
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Diurnal influences of fasted and non-fasted brisk walking on gastric emptying rate, metabolic responses, and appetite in healthy males. Appetite 2019; 143:104411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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50
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Duvigneau JC, Esterbauer H, Kozlov AV. Role of Heme Oxygenase as a Modulator of Heme-Mediated Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100475. [PMID: 31614577 PMCID: PMC6827082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) system is essential for heme and iron homeostasis and necessary for adaptation to cell stress. HO degrades heme to biliverdin (BV), carbon monoxide (CO) and ferrous iron. Although mostly beneficial, the HO reaction can also produce deleterious effects, predominantly attributed to excessive product formation. Underrated so far is, however, that HO may exert effects additionally via modulation of the cellular heme levels. Heme, besides being an often-quoted generator of oxidative stress, plays also an important role as a signaling molecule. Heme controls the anti-oxidative defense, circadian rhythms, activity of ion channels, glucose utilization, erythropoiesis, and macrophage function. This broad spectrum of effects depends on its interaction with proteins ranging from transcription factors to enzymes. In degrading heme, HO has the potential to exert effects also via modulation of heme-mediated pathways. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of pathways regulated by heme to enlarge the view on HO and its role in cell physiology. We will further highlight the contribution of HO to pathophysiology, which results from a dysregulated balance between heme and the degradation products formed by HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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