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Khan RU, Khan A, Naz S, Ullah Q, Puvača N, Laudadio V, Mazzei D, Seidavi A, Ayasan T, Tufarelli V. Pros and Cons of Dietary Vitamin A and Its Precursors in Poultry Health and Production: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051131. [PMID: 37237998 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained through diet. Despite being one of the earliest vitamins identified, a complete range of biological actions is still unknown. Carotenoids are a category of roughly 600 chemicals that are structurally related to vitamin A. Vitamin A can be present in the body in the form of retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Vitamins are required in minute amounts, yet they are critical for health, maintenance, and performing key biological functions in the body, such as growth, embryo development, epithelial cell differentiation, and immune function. Vitamin A deficiency induces a variety of problems, including lack of appetite, decreased development and immunity, and susceptibility to many diseases. Dietary preformed vitamin A, provitamin A, and several classes of carotenoids can be used to meet vitamin A requirements. The aim of this review is to compile the available scientific literature regarding the sources and important functions, such as growth, immunity, antioxidant, and other biological activities of vitamin A in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Khan
- Directorate General (Research), Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 59000, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Nikola Puvača
- Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University Business Academy in Novi, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Mazzei
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
| | - Tugay Ayasan
- Department of Organic Farming Business Management, Kadirli Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Korkut Ata, Osmaniye 80000, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Renema R, Robinson F. Defining normal: comparison of feed restriction and full feeding of female broiler breeders. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Renema
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T5G 2P5
| | - F.E. Robinson
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T5G 2P5
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The endocrine and metabolic interface of genotype-nutrition interactions in broilers and broiler breeders. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s004393390700133x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Heifetz EM, Rozenboim I, Soller M, Eitan Y. Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone at entry into lay of year 1980 vs. 2000 broiler breeder females under fast and slow release from feed restriction. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3728-3735. [PMID: 29860274 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1960s egg production, fertility, and hatchability of broiler breeder females dropped precipitously. Due to disrupted follicle hierarchies and development of the erratic oviposition and defective eggs (EODES) syndrome. EODES was controlled by restricting feed. In the 1990s, another set of problems arose at entry of broiler breeders into lay and characterized by high mortality followed by lower peak lay and reduction in egg and chick production. These problems are induced by even slight over-feeding, and hence we termed it the "Over Feeding Complex" (OFC). We have speculated that OFC is a quasi-EODES condition, induced by the intense selection for increased breast proportion. To test this, we compared, under fast (FF) and slow (SF) release from feed restriction, body composition and reproductive performance of a broiler breeder from year 1980 (B1980) and kept without selection for performance traits since then, to a line hatched in 2000 (B2000). During the first 16 d of lay, feeding treatment had little effect on egg mass or Laying % for the B1980 birds, while for the B2000 birds, SF treatment resulted in significantly greater egg mass and Laying % compared to FF, showing that the OFC indeed manifested in this experiment. However, contrary to hypothesis, follicle hierarchies were normal for both lines under both feeding treatments. To gain further insight into the OFC syndrome, we here report levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone for these line and treatment groups in the time period leading up to and into lay. A significant line × feeding treatment interaction effect was found for estradiol and testosterone, to a lesser extent for progesterone. For all 3 hormones, for B1980 levels 2 to 3 wk post entry into lay were similar and intermediate under FF and SF, but differed significantly for B2000, being much greater under SF than under FF. Thus, the hormonal effects were parallel and may explain the egg mass and Laying % effects of FF and SF in the 2 genetic types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu M Heifetz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, 9116001 Israel
| | - Israel Rozenboim
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7612001 Israel
| | - Morris Soller
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Edmond Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904001 Israel
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Chen F, Jiang Z, Jiang S, Li L, Lin X, Gou Z, Fan Q. Dietary vitamin A supplementation improved reproductive performance by regulating ovarian expression of hormone receptors, caspase-3 and Fas in broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2016; 95:30-40. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Shit N, Sastry K, Singh R, Pandey N, Mohan J. Sexual maturation, serum steroid concentrations, and mRNA expression of IGF-1, luteinizing and progesterone hormone receptors and survivin gene in Japanese quail hens. Theriogenology 2014; 81:662-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ramachandran R. Current and future reproductive technologies for avian species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 752:23-31. [PMID: 24170353 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for poultry meat and eggs is expected to increase exponentially in the next several decades. Increasing global poultry production in the future would require significant improvements in genetics, nutrition, and managerial practices including reproduction. This chapter summarizes some of the recent developments in ameliorating reproductive dysfunction in broiler breeder chickens, cryopreservation of avian spermatozoa, sex selection, and avian transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ramachandran
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 211 Henning Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA,
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Decuypere E, Bruggeman V, Everaert N, Li Y, Boonen R, De Tavernier J, Janssens S, Buys N. The Broiler Breeder Paradox: ethical, genetic and physiological perspectives, and suggestions for solutions. Br Poult Sci 2010; 51:569-79. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.519121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Onagbesan O, Bruggeman V, Decuypere E. Intra-ovarian growth factors regulating ovarian function in avian species: a review. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 111:121-40. [PMID: 19028031 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is now overwhelming evidence that the avian ovary is a site of production and action of several growth factors that have also been implicated in the functioning of the mammalian ovary. Several members of the Insulin-like growth factor family (IGF), the Epidermal growth factor family (EGF), the Transforming growth factor-beta family (TGF-beta), Fibroblast growth factors (FGF), the Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and others, have been identified either in the granulosa and/or theca compartments of ovarian follicles and in the embryonic and juvenile ovary. Some have been specifically localized to the germinal disc area containing the oocyte. The mRNAs and proteins of the growth factors, receptor proteins and binding proteins of some of the members of each group have been reported in the chicken, turkey, quail and duck. The intra-ovarian roles reported for the different growth factors include regulation of cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, follicle selection, modulation of gonadotrophin action, control of ovulation rate, cell differentiation, production of growth factors, etc. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the current knowledge of avian ovarian growth factors and their biological activity in the ovary. The review covers the detection of the growth factor proteins, the receptor proteins, binding proteins, their spatial and temporal distribution in embryonic, juvenile and adult ovaries and their regulation. The paper also discusses their roles in each follicular compartment during follicular development. Greater emphasis is given to the major growth factors that have been studied to greater detail and others are discussed very briefly.
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Tosca L, Chabrolle C, Crochet S, Tesseraud S, Dupont J. IGF-1 receptor signaling pathways and effects of AMPK activation on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion in hen granulosa cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 34:204-16. [PMID: 17478073 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
IGF-1 plays a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells. However, the molecular mechanism of IGF-1 action in avian granulosa cells during follicle maturation is unclear. Here, we first studied IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression, IGF-1-induced progesterone production and some IGF-1R signaling pathways in granulosa cells from different follicles. IGF-1R (mRNA and protein) was higher in fresh or cultured granulosa cells from the largest follicles (F1 or F2) than in those from smaller follicles (F3 or F4). In vitro, IGF-1 treatment (10(-8)M, 36h) increased progesterone secretion by four-fold in mixed F3 and F4 (F3/4) granulosa cells and by 1.5-fold in F1 granulosa cells. IGF-1 (10(-8)M, 30min)-induced increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-1R beta subunit and phosphorylation of ERK were higher in F1 than in F3/4 granulosa cells. Interestingly, IGF-1 stimulation (10(-8)M, 10min) decreased the level of AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation in F1 and F3/4 granulosa cells. We have recently showed that AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a protein kinase involved in the steroidogenesis in chicken granulosa cells. We then studied the effects of AMPK activation by AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside), an activator of AMPK, on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion by F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells. AICAR treatment (1mM, 36h) increased IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein levels and decreased ERK phosphorylation in F1 granulosa cells. Opposite data were observed in F3/4 granulosa cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant negative AMPK totally reversed the effects of AICAR on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein production and ERK phosphorylation in both F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells. Thus, a variation of energy metabolism through AMPK activation could modulate differently IGF-1-induced progesterone production in F1 and F3/4 granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Tosca
- INRA, UMR 6175, Unité de physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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DECUYPERE E, HOCKING P, TONA K, ONAGBESAN O, BRUGGEMAN V, JONES E, CASSY S, RIDEAU N, METAYER S, JEGO Y, PUTTERFLAM J, TESSERAUD S, COLLIN A, DUCLOS M, TREVIDY J, WILLIAMS J. Broiler breeder paradox: a project report. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2006. [DOI: 10.1079/wps2005107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Onagbesan OM, Metayer S, Tona K, Williams J, Decuypere E, Bruggeman V. Effects of genotype and feed allowance on plasma luteinizing hormones, follicle-stimulating hormones, progesterone, estradiol levels, follicle differentiation, and egg production rates of broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1245-58. [PMID: 16830866 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.7.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare and relate plasma hormone levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and the in vitro P4 production capacity of the largest yellow (F1) follicle granulosa cells with the laying performance of 2 genotypes (a standard S line and a dwarf cross-experimental E line) maintained under ad libitum (SA, EA) or restricted (SR, ER) feeding regimens. Age-related hormone changes were determined from 4 to 50 wk, hormone changes during the ovulatory cycle were determined during lay, and changes in follicle granulosa cell P4-producing capacity in response to LH with or without growth factors were measured in vitro at different ages. The mean laying rate was similar for SR, EA, and ER but were lower for the SA. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations increased with age in all groups and peaked at puberty. Restricted feeding delayed puberty in both genotypes. Concentrations of E2 and P4 increased after puberty in all groups but delayed in restricted hens. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, P4, and E2 before and after puberty were not correlated with egg-laying performance, but peak E2 levels were. Luteinizing hormone and P4 concentrations during the ovulatory cycle showed differences that may be associated with the different laying performances of the 2 genotypes under ad libitum and restricted feeding. The increase in plasma LH concentration (from basal) during the preovulatory surge was higher in the SR than in the SA but was similar for EA, ER, and SA. The increase in P4 was also higher in SR than in the SA with no difference between EA and ER. In vitro P4 production by granulosa cells in response to LH with insulin-like growth factors, and bone morphogenetic protein-7 was different among the SA, SR, EA, and ER; the EA, SR, and ER had greater responses, and the SA had less response. The presence of insulin-like growth factors and bone morphogenetic protein-7 enhanced LH effects depending on the feeding regimen and age of hen. This finding suggests that differences in laying performances among genotypes fed at different nutritional levels may be partly due to differences in processes associated with follicular maturation modulated by gonadotropins and growth factors. It is concluded that the age at puberty is determined mainly by feed allowance, irrespective of genotype, and that differences in laying performance may be due to a combination of factors that include changes in the levels of gonadotropins or ovarian hormones and growth factors, BW, and the condition of the different genotypes under different feeding allowances.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Onagbesan
- Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.
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Bronneberg RGG, Taverne MAM. Ultrasonography of the female reproductive organs in farmed ostriches (Struthio camelus spp.). Theriogenology 2003; 60:617-33. [PMID: 12832012 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine whether transcutaneous ultrasonography could be used as a diagnostic tool to monitor the reproductive organs of female breeding ostriches. An additional aim was to investigate whether the use of this technique could facilitate prediction of the start or end of the egg production season. A technique for on-farm ultrasound scanning is described and examples of ultrasonographic images of different ovarian structures, developing ova and eggs within the genital tract are presented. These data were obtained by scanning mature female breeding ostriches (n=8). In vivo scanning took place a day prior to slaughter, and immediately after slaughter the reproductive organs were scanned in vitro in a water bath. By comparing ultrasonographic images with post mortem ovarian morphology, it appeared that the following morphological structures can be identified using ultrasonography: ovarian follicles of different sizes (diameter (phi) 1-9 cm), atretic follicles, post-ovulatory follicles (POFs), ova at different stages of development and eggs within the genital tract. Of the number of follicles counted during post mortem investigation, 58% (95% confidence interval 0.41-0.79) had been detected during previous in vivo examination. In the second part of our study, ultrasonographic scans were made at weekly intervals in two farmed female ostriches (n=2) during the breeding season in order to determine the predictive value of the technique. By comparing the images of ovarian activity with individual egg production of these hens, preliminary evidence was obtained that scanning might be of value in predicting egg production, especially at the start and the end of the breeding season. It is concluded that transcutaneous ultrasound scanning in mature female breeding ostriches is an easy, noninvasive technique for the monitoring of ovarian (in)activity, for visualization of different functional ovarian structures, for following the development of individual ova and for visualization of an egg with calciferous shell within the oviduct, and that this technique will be a valuable tool in future research on reproductive physiology and pathology, and the development of more advanced reproductive technologies, such as artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland G G Bronneberg
- Veterinary Poultry and Ostrich Consultant, Egelinglaan 36, 3705 TD Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Malheiros RD, Moraes VMB, Furlan RL, Bruggeman V, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Macari M. Somatotrophic and thyroid hormones around the onset of lay in broiler breeders under different conditions. Acta Vet Hung 2003; 50:425-34. [PMID: 12498147 DOI: 10.1556/avet.50.2002.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Somatotrophic and thyroid hormones were determined around the onset of reproduction in broiler breeders reared in two different housing systems [dark, close-sided house (CH) and conventional, open-sided house (OH)]. In both groups age-related changes were obvious for thyroxine (T4), growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1); levels of T4 decreased, especially between 24 and 28 weeks in both groups; concomitantly GH sharply increased over the same period. A transient peak in triiodothyronine (T3) occurred between 25 and 27 weeks. The effect of housing was only present after the onset of lay. Between weeks 27-28 and the end of the period studied, the CH group showed higher levels of GH and T3 but lower T4 levels as compared to the OH group. A significant increase in GH after onset of lay, without any significant rise in T3 or in IGF-I, could point to a relative insensitivity to high plasma GH levels. Changes at GH receptor level, together with an increased pituitary GH secretion and/or decreased GH turnover may be expected. This may indicate that hypothalamo-pituitary changes at the onset of lay not only imply changes of gonadotrophic cell function, but also other hormonal axes. The relatively decrease in T4 without changes in T3, may point to a decrease in the activity of the thyrotropic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Malheiros
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Bairro Rural, Jaboticabal, 14870-000, SP, Brazil.
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Onagbesan OM, Vleugels B, Buys N, Bruggeman V, Safi M, Decuypere E. Insulin-like growth factors in the regulation of avian ovarian functions. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1999; 17:299-313. [PMID: 10527132 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(99)00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, overwhelming evidence has accumulated to show that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II, their receptors and binding proteins (IGFBP) (the IGF system), have major roles to play in the regulation of ovarian function in mammals. Although studies in birds did not start until 5-6 years ago, the limited information thus far available suggests that the IGFs act as autocrine/paracrine regulators of follicular growth and differentiation, just as observed in mammals. The genes for IGF-I and -II, type-I IGF receptor, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-5 are expressed in both granulosa and theca cells of the chicken ovary. The mechanisms by which the IGF system controls ovarian function in the avian species are complex and involve interactions with the gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), growth hormone, and even other growth factors. Effects are different between strains and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Onagbesan
- Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, Catholic University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
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