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Carrion EA, Moses MM, Behringer RR. FGF5. Differentiation 2024; 139:100736. [PMID: 37957094 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
FGF5 functions as a negative regulator of the hair cycle in mammals. It is expressed in the outer root sheath of hair follicles during the late anagen phase of the hair cycle. It functions as a signaling molecule, mediating the transition of the anagen growth phase to catagen regression phase of the hair cycle. Spontaneous and engineered FGF5 mutations in mammalian animal models result in long hair phenotypes. In humans, inherited FGF5 mutations result in trichomegaly (long eyelashes). Knockdown of fgf5 in zebrafish embryos results in inner ear alterations. Alterations in FGF5 expression are also associated with various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn A Carrion
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Malcolm M Moses
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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2
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Takahashi R, Takahashi G, Kameyama Y, Sato M, Ohtsuka M, Wada K. Gender-Difference in Hair Length as Revealed by Crispr-Based Production of Long-Haired Mice with Dysfunctional FGF5 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911855. [PMID: 36233155 PMCID: PMC9569730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) is an important molecule required for the transition from anagen to catagen phase of the mammalian hair cycle. We previously reported that Syrian hamsters harboring a 1-bp deletion in the Fgf5 gene exhibit excessive hair growth in males. Herein, we generated Fgf5 mutant mice using genome editing via oviductal nucleic acid delivery (GONAD)/improved GONAD (i-GONAD), an in vivo genome editing system used to target early embryos present in the oviductal lumen, to study gender differences in hair length in mutant mice. The two lines (Fgf5go-malc), one with a 2-bp deletion (c.552_553del) and the other with a 1-bp insertion (c.552_553insA) in exon 3 of Fgf5, were successfully established. Each mutation was predicted to disrupt a part of the FGF domain through frameshift mutation (p.Glu184ValfsX128 or p.Glu184ArgfsX128). Fgf5go-malc1 mice had heterogeneously distributed longer hairs than wild-type mice (C57BL/6J). Notably, this change was more evident in males than in females (p < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of FGF5 protein in the dermal papilla and outer root sheath of the hair follicles from C57BL/6J and Fgf5go-malc1 mice. Histological analysis revealed that the prolonged anagen phase might be the cause of accelerated hair growth in Fgf5go-malc1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri 099-2493, Japan
| | - Gou Takahashi
- Regenerative Medicine Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kameyama
- Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri 099-2493, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kenta Wada
- Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri 099-2493, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-152-48-3827
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3
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Sasazaki S, Tomita K, Nomura Y, Kawaguchi F, Kunieda T, Shah MK, Mannen H. FGF5 and EPAS1 gene polymorphisms are associated with high-altitude adaptation in Nepalese goat breeds. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13640. [PMID: 34585489 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the gene polymorphisms associated with high-altitude adaptation in goats. The FGF5 gene is a regulator in the hair-growth and a SNP c.-253G>A located within 5'UTR has been reported to cause long-haired phenotype. The EPAS1 gene is a transcription factor for various genes that have hypoxia-adaptive functions and a nonsynonymous SNP (Q579L) located in exon 5 has been reported to be associated with the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Nepal has large difference in altitudes in the north-south direction and four indigenous goat breeds are bred depending on the altitude. We used a total of 130 animals in Nepal, Chyangra (n = 37), Sinhal (n = 24), Khari (n = 33), and Terai (n = 36), and genotyped these two gene polymorphisms to compare the gene frequencies among the breeds and investigate the associations between breeding altitudes and allele frequencies. The genotyping results revealed that the mutant allele frequency in both polymorphisms tended to increase, as the breeding altitude of each population increased. In addition, correlation coefficients showed a relatively strong positive correlation between the breeding altitude and the mutant allele frequencies (r = 0.87 in FGF5 and r = 0.68 in EPAS1). These results suggested that both polymorphisms would significantly contribute to the high-altitude adaptation in Nepalese goat breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sasazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tomita
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuto Nomura
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fuki Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Manoj Kumar Shah
- National Animal Nutrition Research Centre, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Hideyuki Mannen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Cai Y, Fu W, Cai D, Heller R, Zheng Z, Wen J, Li H, Wang X, Alshawi A, Sun Z, Zhu S, Wang J, Yang M, Hu S, Li Y, Yang Z, Gong M, Hou Y, Lan T, Wu K, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Wang X. Ancient Genomes Reveal the Evolutionary History and Origin of Cashmere-Producing Goats in China. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:2099-2109. [PMID: 32324877 PMCID: PMC7306693 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Goats are one of the most widespread farmed animals across the world; however, their migration route to East Asia and local evolutionary history remain poorly understood. Here, we sequenced 27 ancient Chinese goat genomes dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Iron Age. We found close genetic affinities between ancient and modern Chinese goats, demonstrating their genetic continuity. We found that Chinese goats originated from the eastern regions around the Fertile Crescent, and we estimated that the ancestors of Chinese goats diverged from this population in the Chalcolithic period. Modern Chinese goats were divided into a northern and a southern group, coinciding with the most prominent climatic division in China, and two genes related to hair follicle development, FGF5 and EDA2R, were highly divergent between these populations. We identified a likely causal de novo deletion near FGF5 in northern Chinese goats that increased to high frequency over time, whereas EDA2R harbored standing variation dating to the Neolithic. Our findings add to our understanding of the genetic composition and local evolutionary process of Chinese goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dawei Cai
- Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rasmus Heller
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhuqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jia Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Akil Alshawi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq
| | | | - Siqi Zhu
- Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Songmei Hu
- Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianming Lan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Build 11, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kui Wu
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, China
- Cancer Institute, BGI-Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Jeon J, Park JS, Min B, Chung SK, Kim MK, Kang YK. Retroelement Insertion in a CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Site in the Early Embryo Intensifies Genetic Mosaicism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:273. [PMID: 31781562 PMCID: PMC6857330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing activity that allows differential and asynchronous modification of alleles in successive cell generations expands allelic complexity. To understand the earliest events during CRISPR/Cas9 editing and the allelic selection among the progeny of subsequent cell divisions, we inspected in detail the genotypes of 4- and 8-cell embryos and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) after microinjection of a CRISPR toolkit into the zygotes. We found a higher editing frequency in 8-cell embryos than in 4-cell embryos, indicating that the CRISPR/Cas9 activity persisted through the 8-cell stage. Analysis of a CRISPR/Cas9 transgenic founder mouse revealed that four different alleles were present in its organs in different combinations and that its germline included three different mutant alleles, as shown by the genotypes of the pups. The indel depth, which measured the extent of indels at the sequence level within single embryos, decreased significantly as the embryos advanced to form ESCs, suggesting that exclusion of fatal indels occurred in the subsequent cell generations. Interestingly, we discovered that the CRISPR sites frequently contained introduced retroelement sequences and that this occurred preferentially with certain classes of retroelements. Therefore, in addition to CRISPR/Cas9's innate mechanism of separate, differential enzymatic modifications of alleles, the frequent retroelement insertions that occur in early mouse embryos during CRISPR/Cas9 editing further expand the allelic diversity and mosaicism in the resulting transgenic founders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehyun Jeon
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Sun Park
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byungkuk Min
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ku Chung
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Edea Z, Dadi H, Dessie T, Kim KS. Genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation in Ethiopian sheep populations. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:973-981. [PMID: 31119684 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopian sheep populations such as Arsi-Bale, Horro and Adilo (long fat-tailed, LFT) inhabit mid to high-altitude areas; and Menz sheep (MZ, short fat-tailed) are adapted to cool sub-alpine environments. In contrast, Blackhead Somali sheep (BHS, fat-rumped) thrive well in arid and semi-arid areas characterized by high temperature and low precipitation. The genomic investigation of Ethiopian sheep populations may help to identify genes and biological pathways enable to adapt to the different ecological conditions. OBJECTIVE To uncover genomic regions and genes showing evidence of positive selection for altitude adaptation in Ethiopian sheep populations. METHODS A total of 72 animals inhabiting high-versus low-altitude environments were genotyped on an Ovine Infinium HD array (~ 600 K). Pairwise genetic differentiation (Fst) was calculated in sliding windows of 20 SNPs and the upper 1% smoothed Fst values were considered to represent positive selection signatures. Genes within < 25 kb of the most differentiated SNPs were considered as selection candidates. RESULTS Signatures of selection were detected in genes known to be associated high with altitude adaptation in MZ-BHS pair comparison (PPP1R12A, RELN, PARP2, and DNAH9) and in LFT-BHS pair comparison (VAV3, MSRB3,EIF2AK4, MET, and TACR1). The candidate genes (MITF, FGF5, MTOR, TRHDE, and TUBB3) associated with altitude adaptation and shared between the MZ-BHS and LTF-BHS pair comparisons were also detected as under selection. Further functional analyses reveal that the candidate genes were involved in biological processes and pathways relevant to adaptation under extreme altitudes, including respiratory system development and smoothened signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results of the present study could aid in-depth understanding and exploitation of the underlying genetic mechanisms for sheep and other livestock species adaptation to high-altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdu Edea
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hailu Dadi
- Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P. O. Box 2490, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kwan-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
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7
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Gagnier L, Belancio VP, Mager DL. Mouse germ line mutations due to retrotransposon insertions. Mob DNA 2019; 10:15. [PMID: 31011371 PMCID: PMC6466679 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-019-0157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable element (TE) insertions are responsible for a significant fraction of spontaneous germ line mutations reported in inbred mouse strains. This major contribution of TEs to the mutational landscape in mouse contrasts with the situation in human, where their relative contribution as germ line insertional mutagens is much lower. In this focussed review, we provide comprehensive lists of TE-induced mouse mutations, discuss the different TE types involved in these insertional mutations and elaborate on particularly interesting cases. We also discuss differences and similarities between the mutational role of TEs in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Gagnier
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, V5Z1L3, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Victoria P. Belancio
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Center for Aging, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Dixie L. Mager
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, V5Z1L3, Vancouver, BC Canada
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Piao J, Xu CL, Piao JA, Cao M, Huang N, Jin M. Expression analysis of proteasome maturation protein ( POMP) gene in Liaoning Cashmere goat. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:324-334. [PMID: 30957645 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1596946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Liaoning Cashmere goat is a precious genetic resource of China. To explore the relationship between POMP and cashmere growth, we analyzed the expression of POMP. POMP encodes a hudrophilic protein which is most closely related to bos. RT-PCR showed that POMP was expressed in skin, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues. Real-time PCR showed that the expression of POMP was more active in the secondary hair follicles than the primary hair follicles in anagen. In situ hybridization showed that POMP was obviously expressed in the Inner Root Sheath (IRS) but no expression in Outer Root. The treatment of fibroblasts with melatonin (MT), fibroblast growth factors 5 (FGF5) and insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) showed that MT/FGF5/IGF-1 much performance for inhibiting the expression of POMP; MT + FGF5 inhibited the expression of POMP; MT + IGF-1 promoted the expression of POMP. When Noggin expression is decreased by siRNA, the expression of POMP is inhibited. To sum up, POMP strongly expressed in the root sheath of hair follicles, related to the development of the primary and secondary hair follicle; In addition, by adding MT/FGF5/IGF-1 or interfering with the Noggin expression to regulate the expression of POMP, to control the growth of Liaoning Cashmere goat cashmere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Piao
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Chun-Ling Xu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Ai Piao
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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9
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Kitadate Y, Jörg DJ, Tokue M, Maruyama A, Ichikawa R, Tsuchiya S, Segi-Nishida E, Nakagawa T, Uchida A, Kimura-Yoshida C, Mizuno S, Sugiyama F, Azami T, Ema M, Noda C, Kobayashi S, Matsuo I, Kanai Y, Nagasawa T, Sugimoto Y, Takahashi S, Simons BD, Yoshida S. Competition for Mitogens Regulates Spermatogenic Stem Cell Homeostasis in an Open Niche. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 24:79-92.e6. [PMID: 30581080 PMCID: PMC6327111 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In many tissues, homeostasis is maintained by physical contact between stem cells and an anatomically defined niche. However, how stem cell homeostasis is achieved in environments where cells are motile and dispersed among their progeny remains unknown. Using murine spermatogenesis as a model, we find that spermatogenic stem cell density is tightly regulated by the supply of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) from lymphatic endothelial cells. We propose that stem cell homeostasis is achieved through competition for a limited supply of FGFs. We show that the quantitative dependence of stem cell density on FGF dosage, the biased localization of stem cells toward FGF sources, and stem cell dynamics during regeneration following injury can all be predicted and explained within the framework of a minimal theoretical model based on "mitogen competition." We propose that this model provides a generic and robust mechanism to support stem cell homeostasis in open, or facultative, niche environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kitadate
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - David J Jörg
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Moe Tokue
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ayumi Maruyama
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Rie Ichikawa
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Eri Segi-Nishida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakagawa
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Aya Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kimura-Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takuya Azami
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Chiyo Noda
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoshiakira Kanai
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Shosei Yoshida
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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Jo SK, Lee JY, Lee Y, Kim CD, Lee JH, Lee YH. Three Streams for the Mechanism of Hair Graying. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:397-401. [PMID: 30065578 PMCID: PMC6029974 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair graying is an obvious sign of human aging. Although graying has been investigated extensively, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we reviewed previous studies on the mechanism of graying and seek to offer some new insights. The traditional view is that hair graying is caused by exhaustion of the pigmentary potential of the melanocytes of hair bulbs. Melanocyte dysfunction may be attributable to the effects of toxic reactive oxygen species on melanocyte nuclei and mitochondria. A recent study suggests that bulge melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) are the key cells in play. Graying may be caused by defective MSC self-maintenance, not by any deficiency in bulbar melanocytes. Our previous study suggested that graying may be principally attributable to active hair growth. Active hair growth may produce oxidative or genotoxic stress in hair bulge. These internal stress may cause eventually depletion of MSC in the hair follicles. Taken together, hair graying may be caused by MSC depletion by genotoxic stress in the hair bulge. Hair graying may also be sometimes caused by dysfunction of the melanocytes by oxidative stress in the hair bulb. In addition, hair graying may be attributable to MSC depletion by active hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kyeong Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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11
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Li WR, Liu CX, Zhang XM, Chen L, Peng XR, He SG, Lin JP, Han B, Wang LQ, Huang JC, Liu MJ. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of FGF5 function increases wool staple length in sheep. FEBS J 2017. [PMID: 28631368 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) regulates hair length in humans and a variety of other animals. To investigate whether FGF5 has similar effects in sheep, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) to generate loss-of-function mutations with the FGF5 gene in Chinese Merino sheep. A total of 16 lambs were identified with genetic mutations within the targeting locus: 13 lambs had biallelic modifications and three lambs had monoallelic modifications. Characterization of the modifications revealed that 13 were frameshift mutations that led to premature termination, whereas the other three were in-frame deletions. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9 efficiently generated loss-of-function mutations in the sheep FGF5 gene. We then investigated the effect of loss of FGF5 function on wool traits in 12 lambs and found that wool staple length and stretched length of genetically modified (GM) yearling sheep were significantly longer compared with that of wild-type (WT) control animals. The greasy fleece weight of GM yearling sheep was also significantly greater compared with that of WT sheep. Moreover, the mean fiber diameter in GM sheep showed no significant difference compared with WT sheep, suggesting that the increase in greasy fleece weight was likely attributed to the increase in wool length. The results of this study suggest that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of FGF5 activity could promote wool growth and, consequently, increase wool length and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Xin-Rong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - San-Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Jia-Peng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Han
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Li-Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
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12
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Ectopic expression of FGF5s induces wool growth in Chinese merino sheep. Gene 2017; 627:477-483. [PMID: 28666779 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) has been recognized as an inhibitor to cease animal hair growth, while in contrary, FGF5 short alternative transcript (FGF5s) can induce hair growth by antagonizing FGF5 function. To investigate the role of FGF5s in wool growth in Chinese Merino sheep, we generated transgenic sheep of ectopic expression of FGF5s by injection of recombinant lentivirus into zygote. Totally 20 transgenic sheep were obtained and 12 were alive after birth. Characterization of the transgene revealed that the transgenic sheep showed variety of integrant, ranged from 2 to 11 copies of transgene. The ectopic expression of FGF5s was observed in all transgenic sheep. Further study on the effect of ectopic expression of FGF5s revealed that the wool length of transgenic sheep were significantly longer than that of non-transgenic control, with 9.17cm of transgenic lambs versus 7.58cm of control animals. Notably, besides the increase of wool length, the yearling greasy fleece weight was also concordantly greater than that of wild-type (p<0.01), with 3.22kg of transgenic sheep versus 2.17kg of control lambs (p<0.01) in average. Our results suggested that overexpression of FGF5s could stimulate wool growth and resulted in increase of wool length and greasy wool weight.
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13
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A 1-bp deletion in Fgf5 causes male-dominant long hair in the Syrian hamster. Mamm Genome 2015; 26:630-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Hanaka H, Hamada T, Ito M, Nakashima H, Tomita K, Seki S, Kobayashi Y, Imaki J. Fibroblast growth factor-5 participates in the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Exp Anim 2014; 63:85-92. [PMID: 24521867 PMCID: PMC4160928 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by the presence of steatosis,
inflammation, and fibrosis and is believed to develop via a “two-hit process”; however,
its pathophysiology remains unclear. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are heparin-binding
polypeptides with diverse biological activities in many developmental and metabolic
processes. In particular, FGF5 is associated with high blood pressure. We investigated the
function of FGF5 in vivo using spontaneously Fgf5 null mice and explored
the role of diet in the development of NASH. Mice fed a high-fat diet gained little weight
and had higher serum alanine transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, and
non–high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Liver histology indicated marked
inflammation, focal necrosis, fat deposition, and fibrosis, similar to the characteristics
of NASH. FGF5 and a high-fat diet play significant roles in the pathophysiology of hepatic
fibrosis and Fgf5 null mice may provide a suitable model for liver fibrosis or NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Hanaka
- Department of Developmental Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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Legrand R, Tiret L, Abitbol M. Two recessive mutations in FGF5 are associated with the long-hair phenotype in donkeys. Genet Sel Evol 2014; 46:65. [PMID: 25927731 PMCID: PMC4175617 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-014-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seven donkey breeds are recognized by the French studbook. Individuals from the Pyrenean, Provence, Berry Black, Normand, Cotentin and Bourbonnais breeds are characterized by a short coat, while those from the Poitou breed (Baudet du Poitou) are characterized by a long-hair phenotype. We hypothesized that loss-of-function mutations in the FGF5 (fibroblast growth factor 5) gene, which are associated with a long-hair phenotype in several mammalian species, may account for the special coat feature of Poitou donkeys. To the best of our knowledge, mutations in FGF5 have never been described in Equidae. Methods We sequenced the FGF5 gene from 35 long-haired Poitou donkeys, as well as from a panel of 67 short-haired donkeys from the six other French breeds and 131 short-haired ponies and horses. Results We identified a recessive c.433_434delAT frameshift deletion in FGF5, present in Poitou and three other donkey breeds and a recessive nonsense c.245G > A substitution, present in Poitou and four other donkey breeds. The frameshift deletion was associated with the long-hair phenotype in Poitou donkeys when present in two copies (n = 31) or combined with the nonsense mutation (n = 4). The frameshift deletion led to a stop codon at position 159 whereas the nonsense mutation led to a stop codon at position 82 in the FGF5 protein. In silico, the two truncated FGF5 proteins were predicted to lack the critical β strands involved in the interaction between FGF5 and its receptor, a mandatory step to inhibit hair growth. Conclusions Our results highlight the allelic heterogeneity of the long-hair phenotype in donkeys and enlarge the panel of recessive FGF5 loss-of-function alleles described in mammals. Thanks to the DNA test developed in this study, breeders of non-Poitou breeds will have the opportunity to identify long-hair carriers in their breeding stocks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-014-0065-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Legrand
- UMR955 INRA-ENVA de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Université Paris-Est, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Laurent Tiret
- UMR955 INRA-ENVA de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Université Paris-Est, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Marie Abitbol
- UMR955 INRA-ENVA de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Université Paris-Est, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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16
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He X, Yuan C, Chen Y. Isolation, characterization, and expression analysis of FGF5 isoforms in cashmere goat. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Dierks C, Mömke S, Philipp U, Distl O. Allelic heterogeneity ofFGF5mutations causes the long-hair phenotype in dogs. Anim Genet 2013; 44:425-31. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Dierks
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17p; 30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - S. Mömke
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17p; 30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - U. Philipp
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17p; 30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - O. Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17p; 30559; Hannover; Germany
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18
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Lei M, Bai X, Yang T, Lai X, Qiu W, Yang L, Lian X. Gsdma3 is a new factor needed for TNF-α-mediated apoptosis signal pathway in mouse skin keratinocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:385-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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