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Zhang H, Wang W, Li Z. Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Maltreated Families: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2689-2702. [PMID: 38287915 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231222041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for maltreated families and examined potential moderators associated with the intervention. Seven English electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before January 20, 2023. Eleven studies involving 1,069 maltreated or high-risk families were included in the meta-analysis. Our results showed that PCIT significantly reduced child externalizing behaviors, improved parenting skills, and decreased parenting stress and child abuse potential in maltreated families. Additionally, families with confirmed maltreatment history reported larger effect sizes across all outcomes than those at high risk of maltreatment; parenting skills outcomes were more effective in adapted PCIT versions, using per-protocol analysis, and American caregivers, whereas none of the outcomes were related to the number of sessions. These findings provide encouraging evidence for the use of PCIT as an intervention for families with a history of maltreatment, although more high-quality RCTs are required to confirm its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zihui Li
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
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Fucà E, Guerrera S, Falvo S, Sestito S, De Rose P, Vicari S. Characterization of sleep difficulties in maltreated children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:4445-4455. [PMID: 39133304 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified connections between child maltreatment and sleep-related issues. However, poor is known on potential links between sleep patterns and day-to-day functioning, along with psychopathology in maltreated youths. Additionally, existing research on the relationship between sleep difficulties and maltreatment often lacks investigation into specific sleep difficulty profiles across different age ranges. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of diverse sleep disturbance profiles in a sample of maltreated children and adolescents, exploring distinct sleep disorder profiles based on sex, age, and the type of maltreatment experienced. Potential variations in adaptive and psychopathological profiles between maltreated children with and without sleep disturbances were also explored. This retrospective study included 91 children and adolescents (56% males, 44% females), aged 6 to 17, with a history of maltreatment (physical maltreatment, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, or neglect), referring for a neuropsychiatric and psychological evaluation at a pediatric hospital. Data were obtained through a retrospective file review. Sleep difficulties were measured through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children; cognitive abilities, adaptive skills, and emotional and behavioral features were also investigated. Among maltreated youth, difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep were the most frequently observed by caregivers. Poor sex differences emerged, whereas adolescents exhibited more daytime somnolence than school-age children. Children with sleep difficulties exhibited more anxiety symptoms and worse global functioning in comparison with children without sleep difficulties.Conclusion: Considering the vital impact of sleep quality on healthy development, practitioners should offer tailored services to child maltreatment victims. Enhancing the sleep quality of these children could help foster their resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Guerrera
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Falvo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Rose
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Malthaner LQ, McLeigh JD, Knell G, Jetelina KK, Atem F, Messiah SE. Child maltreatment and behavioral health outcomes in child welfare: Exploring the roles of severity and polyvictimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 156:106998. [PMID: 39213879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment and polyvictimization are known risk factors for long-term detrimental health and development outcomes, including behavioral health challenges. However, effects from specific types and combinations of maltreatments are unclear. This study examined the association between maltreatment or polyvictimization and behavioral health in a child welfare sample. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Medical records of children with child welfare involvement with at least one behavioral health condition (i.e., mental, behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorder, ICD-10 F01-F99) between 1/1/2018-12/31/2021 were extracted from a large, academic hospital system. METHODS Behavioral health complexity was categorized as non-chronic, non-complex chronic, or complex chronic using the Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm. Partial proportional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, caregiver type, and physical health complexity generated odds of behavioral health complexity by maltreatment type (physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect) and maltreatment combinations. RESULTS The analytic sample included 3992 participants (mean age 7.6 (Standard Deviation, 5.0) 44 % female, 29 % white, 32 % black, 22 % Hispanic). Participants who experienced physical abuse (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.79, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.10-2.91), or neglect (OR: 1.69, 95 % CI: 1.38-2.07) were more likely to have increasing behavioral health complexity versus those without maltreatment. Participants with both physical abuse and neglect were over twice as likely (OR: 2.44, 95 % CI: 1.88-3.16) to have increasing behavioral health complexity versus those who did not experience maltreatment. CONCLUSION Results emphasize the differential impacts of maltreatment and polyvictimization exposures on behavioral health complexity among children with child welfare involvement that can guide risk assessment and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Q Malthaner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 2777 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite 8400, Dallas, TX 75207, United States of America; Center for Pediatric Population Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 2777 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite 8400, Dallas, TX 75207, United States of America.
| | - Jill D McLeigh
- Rees-Jones Center for Foster Care Excellence, Children's Health Medical Center, 2350 N. Stemmons Freeway, Ste F2100, Dallas, TX 75207, United States of America
| | - Gregory Knell
- The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States of America
| | | | - Folefac Atem
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 2777 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite 8400, Dallas, TX 75207, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, 2777 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite 8400, Dallas, TX 75207, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 2777 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite 8400, Dallas, TX 75207, United States of America; Center for Pediatric Population Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 2777 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite 8400, Dallas, TX 75207, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.151, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
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Huang D, Liu D, Wan X, Zou K, Gong X. A bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis of psychological violence from 2003 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37675. [PMID: 39309915 PMCID: PMC11416253 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological violence is a serious global public health and social issue, attracting increasing research. Its adverse effects on individuals and society are significant. Given the negative impacts of psychological violence and the importance of maintaining mental health, we employed a bibliometric analysis of the literature on psychological violence over the past 20 years on a global scale. Objective We aimed to elucidate the current research hotspots and development trends in psychological violence using bibliometrics and a visualization analysis, and provide ideas for related research. Methods We searched three databases in the Web of Science Core Collection to obtain data from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2022, and utilized VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica software to visualize authors, journals, countries, institutions, and collaboration and keyword networks. Results Ultimately, 4,387 publications related to psychological violence were identified; the top three countries for the number of publications were the United States, England, and Canada, in that order; The top three institutions were the University of Toronto, King's College London, and Columbia University. Of 15,681 authors, the average publication rate was 0.28 articles per author, with Rodriguez-Carballeira A from Spain publishing the most articles; The top three disciplinary distributions were psychiatry, family Studies, and clinical psychology; Research hotspots included causes, harms, evaluation strategies, and interventions related to psychological violence. Conclusion The increasing number of publications suggests greater interest among researchers in the interconnected domains of psychological violence, with the ongoing research reflecting stability and maturity. The current research focus is on the risk factors, manifestations, and consequences of psychological violence. In the future, potential emerging research trends include exploring measurement methods for psychological violence and identifying mitigation strategies. The global community has developed a well-established foundation for cooperation. However domestic research is lacking, indicating the need for enhancement and increased collaboration among researchers, institutions, and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoqin Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Dixiu Liu
- The School of Humanities &Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xin Wan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xi Gong
- The School of Humanities &Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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Jiang F, Liu Y, Niu H, Du S, Gong L, Yang X, Rao F, Wang H, Wu H. Long-term impacts of socioeconomic status and childhood trauma on depression in older adults: social work strategies. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39324526 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2024.2408012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of life course socioeconomic status (SES) and childhood trauma on depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults, while also examining the role of chronic diseases and implications for social work practice. Using data from 9,942 participants, structural equation was established to investigate these relationships. Results reveals that low childhood SES positively affects depressive symptoms through low SES in mid-to-late life (std. β = 0.168, p < .001), and domestic child abuse negatively impacts depressive symptoms through low SES in mid-to-late life (std. β=-0.020, p < .001). Additionally, experiencing peer bullying is directly associated with depressive symptoms (std. β = 0.145, p < .001). Exposure to domestic violence is directly related to depressive symptoms (std. β = 0.078, p < .001) and indirectly leads to more severe depressive symptoms through chronic disease (std. β = 0.023, p < .001). Social workers in healthcare settings can utilize these findings to better understand risk factors for depression and provide trauma-informed care and economic assistance across the life course. Additional training for social workers on the lasting impacts of childhood adversity is warranted. By intervening at both individual and policy levels, social work practitioners can help break cycles of poverty and poor health stemming from childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Niu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
| | - Sixian Du
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
| | - Liwen Gong
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Rao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Major Disciplinary Platform under Double First-Class Initiative for Liberal Arts at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Research Center for High-Quality Development of Hospitals), Wuhan, China
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Wooten W, Heyn S, Herringa R. A comparison of reappraisal and self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in the context of maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:107063. [PMID: 39304356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maltreatment is a significant contributor of emotion dysregulation. Self-compassion could be an effective novel emotion regulation strategy for maltreatment. We compare self-compassion and other strategies with and without the context of maltreatment. METHODS We recruited a cross-sectional sample of 188 adult participants using Mechanical Turk (21-69 years), with and without childhood maltreatment exposure, to complete an emotion regulation task comparing reappraisal, self-compassion, and a non-instruction condition for positive and negative emotions. We examined the impact of valence and strategy on self-reported emotional intensity in response to each image, and analyzed the interaction of maltreatment exposure and severity with valence and regulation strategy. FINDINGS Without factoring in maltreatment, we observed significant differences between reappraisal and self-compassion (F(1,14,117.1) = 5.716, p < 0.001) in response to emotional images. When using self-compassion, negative images evoked less intense negative emotions, and more extreme positive emotions compared to reappraisal. We also detected a significant interaction of valence, strategy, and maltreatment severity (F(2,16,818.2) = 4.24, p = 0.014). We observed differences in emotional responses for those with high levels and low levels of maltreatment severity between strategies. Self-compassion use resulted in the most consistent emotional ratings across all severity levels for negative image trials, while reappraisal and non-instructed trials minimized emotional responses as severity increased. In response to positive images, reappraisal was most effective at minimizing emotions at low levels of maltreatment severity and performed similarly to self-compassion at higher levels of severity. CONCLUSION The current study provides early evidence that self-compassion performs effectively as an emotion regulation strategy. It performed similarly, or superior, to reappraisal in the context of maltreatment and was consistently effective across both maltreatment and abuse severity in a cross-sectional sample. We observed more extreme positive affect in those who experienced maltreatment. However, these strategies performed similarly when we did not include maltreatment, indicating similar general effectiveness. These findings have potential implications for further research regarding emotion regulation strategies and for clinical interventions as a function of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Wooten
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Sara Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan Herringa
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Kefale D, Aytenew TM, Tesfahun Y, Simegn A, Wondim M, Zeleke S, Demis S, Kerebeh G, Mekonnen GB, Hailemeskel HS, Agimas MC, Endalew M, Asferie WN, Kassaw A, Eshetie Y, Asnakew S. Burden, consequences and associate factors of childhood maltreatment in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36776. [PMID: 39296143 PMCID: PMC11408842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Child maltreatment is any type of abuse or child negligence which results the concrete or prospective hurt for those under age of eighteen. It is a global issue which severely endangered children's physical, emotional, behavioral, developmental and mental well-being for immediate and later in life. Although, its magnitude and devastating burden are difficult to comprehend, much remains to be done to know its prevalence and comprehensive impact. This meta-analysis and comprehensive review will provide important light on the burden, consequences, and contributing factors for child maltreatment. Methods This meta-analysis and comprehensive review was coded at Prospero number of CRD42024503799. Universal online databanks including PubMed, Cochrane, Google, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and Web of Science and Global Health were used to search for articles. Microsoft Excel was used for data extraction, and STATA17 was used to analyze this systematic review and meta-analysis. A random effect model exploration was employed when heterogeneity among included studies were evidenced. Results The pooled prevalence of childhood maltreatment was 57.0 % (95 % CI = 32.00, 83.00). Included studies revealed that childhood maltreatment has multiple child health-related consequences. Being female (AOR = 2.94, 95 % CI: 1.48, 4.41), being young (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.09, 3.35), paternal illiteracy (AOR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.012, 3.302) and have an open family discussion about sexual matters (AOR = 0.381 (95%CI: 0.121, 0.884) were considerably associated with child maltreatment. Conclusion This finding publicized that the burden and multiple consequences of childhood maltreatment need much attention. Childhood maltreatment has both immediate and life time consequences for children later in life. Being female, being young, having illiterate fathers, and open family discussion about sexual matters were associated factors of child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demewoz Kefale
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tigabu Munye Aytenew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Tesfahun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Simegn
- Department of Reproductive Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mahilet Wondim
- Department of Midwifery, South Gondar Zone Health Office, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaw Zeleke
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Demis
- Department of Maternal and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Kerebeh
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Gebrehiwot Berie Mekonnen
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Shimels Hailemeskel
- Department of Maternal and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Chanie Agimas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Endalew
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Necho Asferie
- Department of Maternal and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Kassaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshiambaw Eshetie
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Asnakew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Zheng Q, Feng Y, Du J, Xu S, Ma Z, Wang Y. Specific effects of cumulative childhood trauma on suicidality among youths. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:260-269. [PMID: 38705526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidality was very high among individuals who suffered from childhood trauma. The distribution of cumulative childhood trauma among youths remains unclear, as well as the specific effects of cumulative childhood trauma on suicidality. This study attempted to explore the distribution of cumulative childhood trauma and examine the specific effects of cumulative childhood trauma on suicidality. METHODS A cross-sectional design was employed in this study, with 117,769 college students recruited from 63 universities in Jilin Province, China. All variables were measured by corresponding self-report questionnaires. The Venn diagram was used to represent the distribution of single and cumulative childhood trauma. ANOVA and chi-square tests were conducted to identify the high-risk suicide groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine risk factors for suicidality for overlapping subtypes. RESULTS 27,671 (23.5%) participants reported suffering from childhood trauma, of which 49.5% were male (Mage = 19.59, SD = 1.76). The "physical neglect" group accounted for the largest proportion (31.5%). Suicidality was the highest in the "overlap of childhood neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse" group (2.0%). Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder were common risk factors for suicidality. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by cross-sectional studies and self-report bias. CONCLUSIONS The childhood trauma subtype group with the largest proportion was not necessarily the highest suicidality. Both the largest group and the highest-risk suicide group require special attention to their respective risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; and School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; and School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicun Xu
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihao Ma
- Computational Communication Collaboratory, School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; and School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Self-Brown S, Watson A, Fong K, Espeleta H, Bullinger L, Whitaker DJ, Recinos M, Ogrodnick M, Olwit C, Cotner M. A comparison of virtual versus in-person delivery of SafeCare on parent and implementation outcomes. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106951. [PMID: 39053222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based prevention services for child abuse and neglect (CAN), typically delivered via home visiting (HV), pivoted to virtual delivery in 2020 to continue family services while adhering to the COVID-19 public health guidelines. OBJECTIVE The study aims are to compare parent and implementation outcomes for the HV program, SafeCare©, delivered virtually versus in-person, across a 2-year period. METHODS Three data sources were used to examine parent program engagement and skill mastery, as well as provider fidelity. Sources included: 1) quantitative service data collected as part of routine SafeCare implementation (in-person families, n = 923; virtual families, n = 1978), 2) qualitative survey data collected from SafeCare providers (n = 212) and 3) focus group data with SafeCare Providers (n = 9). RESULTS Service data were examined using mixed models due to the nesting of the data, with all analyses controlling for time. Qualitative data from the survey and focus groups were analyzed using thematic coding. Data were triangulated from the three sources to answer the primary research question. Findings suggest that virtual delivery of SafeCare holds promise, with parents who participated virtually completing more modules at a faster pace than in-person clients. SafeCare parents demonstrated positive programmatic outcomes regardless of whether they participated in the program virtually or in-person. Provider fidelity remained high in the transition to virtual delivery. However, technology-related logistical issues and provider self-efficacy related to virtual delivery presented challenges to program success. CONCLUSIONS The study has multiple implications for the HV field about the viability of virtual service delivery. Further research is warranted with data collected directly from parents, and a more critical analysis of what works best for whom and when to further advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Self-Brown
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - A Watson
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - K Fong
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Sociology, United States of America
| | - H Espeleta
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Nursing, United States of America
| | - L Bullinger
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Public Policy, United States of America
| | - D J Whitaker
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - M Recinos
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - M Ogrodnick
- Georgia State University, College of Education, United States of America
| | - C Olwit
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - M Cotner
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, United States of America
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Lin C, Ren X, Dai M, Wu Y, Pan L, Song Y, Cen Y, Fan Q, Xie C, Shao J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Luo J. Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent psychological abuse, neglect in Western China a multi-center cross-sectional study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2382651. [PMID: 39051621 PMCID: PMC11275532 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2382651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The western region of China has a dense population, relatively underdeveloped economy, and a significant number of left-behind children. Currently, the prevalence of adolescent psychological abuse, neglect, and the factors associated with these issues in the region remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the current status of adolescent psychological abuse and neglect and its associated factors in this region.Methods: Data were collected from 50 schools in western China through cluster sampling to target adolescents aged 12 to 18. A comprehensive survey form was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents. The Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale was employed to assess the current psychological abuse and neglect of adolescents. Independent samples t-tests were used for inter-group comparisons. A Directed Acyclic Graph was constructed for controlling confounding variables. Subsequently, binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and a nomogram risk factors model was developed using R Studio.Results: This study included 12,743 teenagers, with an average age of 15.53(±1.39) years. Among them, 4,965 individuals, accounting for 39.0%, reported experiences of psychological abuse, while 4,167 individuals, accounting for 32.7%, reported experiences of neglect. The rates of psychological abuse and neglect in adolescents are influenced by gender, grade, left-behind experience, parental marital status, and living on campus (P < .05).Conclusion: Adolescents in western China exhibit higher rates of psychological abuse and neglect compared to those in the eastern and northern regions of China. Gender, grade, left-behind experience, and family factors significantly influence the psychological abuse and neglect of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Lin
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqin Dai
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Pan
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Cen
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Fan
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cailin Xie
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Shao
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Luo
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Üstündağ A, Göktaş A, Aytekin Ç. Knowledge and awareness level of health undergraduate students on child abuse: a cross-sectional study. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20231742. [PMID: 39045959 PMCID: PMC11288265 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20231742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the level of knowledge of symptoms and risks of child abuse among undergraduate health science students according to their socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving 485 student volunteers. The data collection tools used in the study were the Demographic Data Collection Form and the Scale for Diagnosing Symptoms and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect. RESULTS It was found that health students' knowledge of the symptoms and risks of child abuse was moderate. It was also found that knowledge of diagnosing the symptoms and risks of child abuse was higher among women than among men, higher among those who had received education on child abuse, and increased with grade level. CONCLUSION Child abuse is an important public health issue, and there is a need to raise awareness of this issue among health students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Üstündağ
- University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development – Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Göktaş
- University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy – Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Aytekin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development – Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Bull C, Trott M, Najman JM, Arnautovska U, Siskind D, Warren N, Kisely S. Associations between child maltreatment and hospital admissions for alcohol and other substance use-related disorders up to 40 years of age: Results from the Childhood Adversity and Lifetime Morbidity study. Addiction 2024; 119:1253-1263. [PMID: 38634806 DOI: 10.1111/add.16479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence on the associations between child maltreatment (CM), alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and other substance use disorders (SUDs) comes largely from retrospective studies. These rely on self-reported data, which may be impacted by recall bias. Using prospective CM reports to statutory agencies, we measured associations between CM notifications and inpatient admissions for AUDs and SUDs up to 40 years of age. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Observational study linking administrative health data from Queensland, Australia to prospective birth cohort data comprising both agency-reported and substantiated notifications of CM. MEASUREMENTS Outcomes were inpatient admissions for AUDs and SUDs based on ICD-10-Australian modification (AM)-coded primary diagnoses. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were undertaken. FINDINGS Ten per cent (n = 609) of the cohort had a history of agency-reported or substantiated CM notifications before age 15. These individuals had higher adjusted odds of being admitted for AUDs and SUDs. For AUDs, the adjusted odds of inpatient admission were 2.86 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.73-4.74] greater where there was any previous agency-reported CM and 3.38 (95% CI = 1.94-5.89) greater where there was any previous substantiated CM. For SUDs, the adjusted odds of inpatient admission were 3.34 (95% CI = 2.42-4.61) greater where there was any previous agency-reported CM and 2.98 (95% CI = 2.04-4.36) greater where there was any previous substantiated CM. CONCLUSIONS People with a history of child maltreatment appear to have significantly higher odds of inpatient admissions for alcohol use disorders and other substance use disorders up to 40 years of age compared to people with no history of child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bull
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- The ALIVE National Centre for Mental Health Research Translation, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike Trott
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jake Moses Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Urska Arnautovska
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Warren
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- The ALIVE National Centre for Mental Health Research Translation, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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13
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Kawahara T, Isumi A, Ochi M, Doi SK, Surkan PJ, Fujiwara T. Association between maternal dissatisfaction with oneself at birth and shaking and smothering toward the offspring up to 18 months old. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 153:106816. [PMID: 38696953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mother who feels dissatisfaction with herself may resort to abusive behavior such as shaking or smothering toward their offspring. Understanding this association can inform effective prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal feelings of dissatisfaction with oneself and infant physical abuse. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study included 434 mothers who had recently given birth in two obstetric wards in a relatively wealthy area in Tokyo, Japan. METHODS Adopting a longitudinal design, the study used questionnaires post-childbirth to measure mothers' dissatisfaction with themselves. This involved evaluating perceptions of failing to meet personal standards or self-image. Physical abuse (specifically shaking or smothering) in infants was tracked at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Data analysis comprised multilevel analysis, group-based trajectory modeling, and multivariable logistic regression to explore the association between maternal dissatisfaction and child physical abuse. RESULTS Multilevel analysis showed that mothers with middle or high dissatisfaction with themselves were more likely to abuse their infant compared to mothers with low dissatisfaction with themselves (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 5.71, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.06-30.78 and aOR 12.47, 95 % CI: 2.11-73.69, respectively). Trajectory analyses indicated that mothers with middle or high dissatisfaction with themselves were consistently more likely to abuse their infants up to 18 months (aOR 8.08, 95 % CI 1.61-40.53 and aOR 6.42, 95 % CI 1.27-32.43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a robust association between mother's dissatisfaction with themselves and a higher risk of infant physical abuse. These insights call for a comprehensive review of preventive measures for childhood physical abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kawahara
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Health Policy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Satomi Kato Doi
- Department of Health Policy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Trott M, Bull C, Arnautovska U, Siskind D, Warren N, Najman JM, Kisely S. Emergency Department Presentations for Injuries Following Agency-Notified Child Maltreatment: Results From the Childhood Adversity and Lifetime Morbidity (CALM) Study. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024:10775595241264009. [PMID: 38901464 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241264009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Child maltreatment (CM) is associated with negative health outcomes in adulthood, including deliberate self-harm (DSH), suicidal behaviours, and victimisation. It is unknown if associations extend to emergency department (ED) presentations for non-DSH related injuries. Birth cohort study data was linked to administrative health data, including ED presentations for non DSH related injuries and agency-reported and substantiated notifications for CM. Adjusted analyses (n = 6087) showed that any type of agency-reported notification for CM was significantly associated with increased odds of ED presentation for injuries (aOR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.32-1.87). In moderation analyses, women yielded significantly higher odds of notified and substantiated physical abuse, substantiated emotional abuse, and being subject to more than one type of substantiated abuse than males. ED presentations for injuries could be a proxy for risky behaviours, disguised DSH/suicidal behaviours, or physical abuse. The consistent findings in women may point to victimisation via interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Trott
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Claudia Bull
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ALIVE National Centre for Mental Health Research Translation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Urska Arnautovska
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Warren
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ALIVE National Centre for Mental Health Research Translation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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15
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Midtsund AD, Henriksen L, Lukasse M, Valla L. Detecting and preventing child maltreatment in primary care and PHNs' role-a cross-sectional study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:218. [PMID: 38879472 PMCID: PMC11179210 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is a global problem that puts children at risk of mental illness, substance abuse, and premature death. Interdisciplinary collaboration is important in preventing and detecting child maltreatment. In Norway, children undergo universal preventive health assessments and receive complimentary follow-up care from specialized public health nurses in child and family health clinics. These nurses conduct regular check-ups and home visits to monitor children for signs of maltreatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to describe how public health nurses at child and family health clinics follow the National Clinical Guidelines to prevent and detect child maltreatment, with a particular focus on clinical procedures and interdisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, we aim to determine factors that are associated with identification of child maltreatment. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among public health nurses working in primary care between October 24th and December 31st, 2022. Public health nurses who worked with children aged 0-5 years and had consultations with families were eligible to participate, resulting in 554 responses. The study employed descriptive analysis, including frequency, percentage and mean, as well as a two-step logistic regression analysis. The study was approved by the relevant authority, and informed consent was obtained through questionnaire completion. RESULTS The public health nurses in this study displayed strong adherence to the guidelines and utilized various comprehensive assessment procedures to monitor child well-being, growth, and development. However, there was limited and infrequent collaboration with other professionals, such as child protection services, general practitioners, and hospitals. Most public health nurses reported occasional suspicion of child maltreatment, with age and years of experience in child and family clinics influencing these suspicions. Older public health nurses were more likely to suspect physical violence, while those with less than two years of experience reported less experience in suspecting maltreatment. Additional education increased the probability of suspecting sexual violence. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the practices of public health nurses in Norway regarding the detection and prevention of child maltreatment in child and family clinics. While adherence to guidelines is strong, suspicion of maltreatment is relatively rare. Collaboration across agencies is crucial in addressing child maltreatment. Age and experience may influence the detection of maltreatment. Improved collaboration, targeted guidelines, and ongoing professional development are needed to enhance child protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Durdei Midtsund
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
- Oslo Municipality, Grünerløkka Child and Family Health Clinic, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lena Henriksen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of General Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Social Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Valla
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Oslo, Norway
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Zhang R, Hou F, Lin Y, Geng Y, Kong F. Associations between emotional maltreatment, depression and self-harm among Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal mediation model. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106761. [PMID: 38531286 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm seriously endangers adolescents' physical and mental health. However, the longitudinal mechanism of self-harm is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE This study explored the inconsistent relationships between two types of emotional maltreatment and self-harm across three waves, regarding depression as a potential mediator and gender as a moderator of these associations. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A sample of 588 Chinese adolescents (Mage at T1 = 12.79 years) in a middle school completed the assessment of demographic information, emotional maltreatment, depression and self-harm within one year. METHODS Path analysis models were created to estimate the relationship of emotional maltreatment with self-harm and the mediating effect of depression. A multi-group analysis was applied to investigate the moderating effect of gender. RESULTS There existed positive associations between emotional abuse at T1 and self-harm at T2 and T3 (β = 0.12, SE = 0.05, p = 0.006; β = 0.09, SE = 0.05, p = 0.054), and the mediating effect of emotional abuse at T1 on self-harm at T3 via depression at T2 was significant (Indirect effect = 0.05, SE = 0.02, 95 % CI [0.02, 0.08]). Multi-group analysis of gender revealed no significant differences in the cross-lagged pathways, but there were stronger links for girls than boys among self-harm at T1, T2, and T3 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Emotional abuse but not emotional neglect could significantly predict self-harm. Furthermore, depression played a mediating role in the longitudinal relationship between emotional abuse and self-harm. Girls who had high levels of self-harm at a previous time point were more inclined than boys to harm themselves at a subsequent time point. These findings provide a different perspective to develop effective prevention and intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Zhang
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fan Hou
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ye Lin
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaoguo Geng
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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Chen S, López-Gil JF, Memon AR, Bao R, Yang X. Associations of Eating Habits with Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents: A 42-Country Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1501-1513. [PMID: 38921065 PMCID: PMC11202602 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the associations of eating habits with self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents using a multiple-country sample. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2013/2014 wave was used in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables including breakfast on weekdays, breakfast at weekends, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soft dirks. Outcomes included self-rated health and life satisfaction. Regression models were used to assess the associations between the independent variables and the two outcomes, separately, after controlling for covariates. Results were presented using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of all the study participants (aged 11-15 years), 50.8% were girls. Compared with no consumption of breakfast on weekdays, eating breakfast for five days had 1.22 times greater likelihood for improved self-rated health (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.19-1.25, p < 0.001). Participants who ate breakfast for both days (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.36-1.46, p < 0.001) and one day (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08-1.17, p < 0.001) were more likely to experience improved self-rated health compared to never eating breakfast at weekends. Five or more days for fruit and vegetable consumption resulted in better self-rated health (all p < 0.001). Similar results were found in terms of the associations of breakfast, fruit, and vegetable consumption with life satisfaction. For example, a higher frequency of fruit intake was associated with enhanced self-rated health (e.g., OR for more than once daily = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.34-1.51, p < 0.001) compared to no fruit consumption. Similarly, a higher-frequency vegetable intake, such as more than once daily (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26-1.39, p < 0.001), was associated with improved self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Healthy eating habits, especially regular breakfast and a higher consumption of vegetables and fruit, are associated with better self-rated health and life satisfaction in school-aged children. Of note, the consumption of fruit would have the greatest impact on health and wellbeing outcomes. This study offers evidence that healthy eating habits can play a vital role in school-aged children's health and wellbeing, highlighting the practical significance of educating adolescents to develop healthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
| | | | - Aamir Raoof Memon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
| | - Ran Bao
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Xingyi Yang
- Centre for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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Claussen AH, Holbrook JR, Hutchins HJ, Robinson LR, Bloomfield J, Meng L, Bitsko RH, O'Masta B, Cerles A, Maher B, Rush M, Kaminski JW. All in the Family? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parenting and Family Environment as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:249-271. [PMID: 35438451 PMCID: PMC9017071 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parenting and family environment have significant impact on child development, including development of executive function, attention, and self-regulation, and may affect the risk of developmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper examines the relationship of parenting and family environment factors with ADHD. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in 2014 and identified 52 longitudinal studies. A follow-up search in 2021 identified 7 additional articles, for a total of 59 studies that examined the association of parenting factors with ADHD outcomes: ADHD overall (diagnosis or symptoms), ADHD diagnosis specifically, or presence of the specific ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. For parenting factors that were present in three or more studies, pooled effect sizes were calculated separately for dichotomous or continuous ADHD outcomes, accounting for each study's conditional variance. Factors with sufficient information for analysis were parenting interaction quality (sensitivity/warmth, intrusiveness/reactivity, and negativity/harsh discipline), maltreatment (general maltreatment and physical abuse), parental relationship status (divorce, single parenting), parental incarceration, and child media exposure. All factors showed a significant direct association with ADHD outcomes, except sensitivity/warmth which had an inverse association. Parenting factors predicted diagnosis and overall symptoms as well as inattentive and hyperactive symptoms when measured, but multiple factors showed significant heterogeneity across studies. These findings support the possibility that parenting and family environment influences ADHD symptoms and may affect a child's likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD. Prevention strategies that support parents, such as decreasing parenting challenges and increasing access to parent training in behavior management, may improve children's long-term developmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika H Claussen
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Joseph R Holbrook
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Helena J Hutchins
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research Participation Programs, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lara R Robinson
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeanette Bloomfield
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lu Meng
- Covid-19 Response Health System and Worker Safety Task Force, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca H Bitsko
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jennifer W Kaminski
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hsueh YZ, Huang CY, Kuo PH, Cheng YC, Huang MC, Chiu CC, Kuo CJ, Chen PY, Chen WY. Cluster analysis exploring the impact of childhood neglect on cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2024; 12:13. [PMID: 38676782 PMCID: PMC11055839 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-024-00335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder related to neurocognitive deficits. Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with worse cognitive performance. Different compositions of childhood trauma in BD and their impacts on cognition are rarely reported. METHODS We used the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A) to assess cognitive performance and the Chinese version of the Short Form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (C-CTQ-SF) to assess childhood trauma experience among 55 euthymic BD patients. Cluster analysis was applied to dissect their childhood trauma experiences, which revealed three distinct clusters: a low trauma group, neglect-focus group, and multiple-trauma-experience group. We compared the cognitive function between the three clusters and used a generalized linear model to evaluate the impact of childhood neglect on cognitive domains. RESULTS The neglect-focus cluster showed prominent exposures to physical and emotional neglect (41.8%). BD patients in this cluster performed worse in BAC-A compared with patients in the multiple trauma cluster, especially in working memory and processing speed. The neglect-focus group revealed a significant negative effect on the composite score (ß = -0.904, p = 0.025) and working memory (ß = -1.150, p = 0.002) after adjusting sex, age, education year, BMI and total psychotropic defined daily dose. CONCLUSIONS Distinct patterns of childhood trauma experience are seen in BD patients and are related with different cognitive profiles. Early exposure of neglect-focus trauma was associated with the worst cognitive performance in current study. Further studies investigating the intensity of the neglect, as well as individual resilience and coping mechanisms in BD, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhi Hsueh
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Yin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Cheng
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih Chiang Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jue Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Icekson T, Kaye-Tzadok A, Zeiger A. Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Work Absenteeism: Work Meaningfulness as a Double-Edged Sword. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:451. [PMID: 38673362 PMCID: PMC11050126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The adverse impacts of childhood maltreatment (CM) on an individual's health and economic welfare are widely recognized, yet its occupational and organizational effects remain less explored. Employee absenteeism, known as absenteeism, is often a sign of workplace maladjustment and may be linked to a history of CM. Some individuals in the helping professions, who exhibit a strong sense of purpose in their employment and pursue it in demanding environments, are CM survivors. This study investigates whether a heightened sense of meaningfulness in their work is associated with increased absenteeism among this subgroup. We recruited 320 helping professionals from a variety of social and mental health settings, one third of whom reported experiencing CM. As hypothesized, CM was positively correlated with work absenteeism. Furthermore, the relationship between work meaningfulness and absenteeism was moderated by their CM history: among those with CM experiences, greater work meaningfulness was associated with higher absenteeism rates. Our findings highlight the possibility that work meaningfulness may operate as a double-edged sword, and the importance of better understanding the challenges that high-functioning survivors of CM face within organizational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Icekson
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot 7610202, Israel
- Department of Management, School of Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Avital Kaye-Tzadok
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Social Work Department, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer 4025000, Israel;
| | - Aya Zeiger
- Coller School of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel;
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21
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Whitten T, Tzoumakis S, Green MJ, Dean K. Global Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Physical Violence within Domestic and Family Relationships in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1411-1430. [PMID: 37300288 PMCID: PMC10913340 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231179133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to identify and prevent childhood exposure to physical violence within domestic and family relationships must be underpinned by reliable prevalence estimates to ensure the appropriate allocation of resources and benchmarks for assessing intervention efficacy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of childhood exposure to physical domestic and family violence separately as a victim or witness. Searches were conducted in Criminal Justice Abstracts, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, published in English, had a representative sample, unweighted estimates, and were published between January 2010 and December 2022. One-hundred-and-sixteen studies comprising 56 independent samples were retained. Proportional meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled prevalence for each exposure. Pooled prevalence estimates were also stratified by region and sex. The global pooled prevalence of childhood exposure to physical domestic and family violence as a victim or witness was 17.3% and 16.5%, respectively. Prevalence estimates were highest in West Asia and Africa (victim = 42.8%; witness = 38.3%) and lowest for the Developed Asia Pacific region (victim = 3.7%; witness = 5.4%). Males were 25% more likely than females to be the victim of physical domestic and family violence during childhood, while both were equally likely to have witnessed it. These findings suggest that childhood exposure to domestic and family violence is relatively common, affecting around one-in-six people by 18 years of age globally. Regional variations in prevalence estimates may reflect underlying economic conditions, cultural norms, and service availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Whitten
- Center for Law and Justice, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Green
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
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22
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Schermerhorn SMV, Muensterer OJ, Ignacio RC. Identification and Evaluation of Non-Accidental Trauma in the Pediatric Population: A Clinical Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:413. [PMID: 38671630 PMCID: PMC11049109 DOI: 10.3390/children11040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-accidental trauma (NAT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children around the world and most significantly impacts children under one year of age. Prompt and comprehensive treatment of these children relies on a high index of suspicion from any medical provider that treats pediatric patients. This review discusses those most at risk for experiencing NAT, and common initial presentations, to assist providers in the identification of potential victims. In addition, this review provides guidance on the recommended workup for these patients so that the full extent of associated injuries may be identified and the appropriate healthcare team may be assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver J. Muensterer
- LMU Medical Center, Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Romeo C. Ignacio
- Department of Surgery, UCSD School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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23
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Kisely S, Bull C, Trott M, Arnautovska U, Siskind D, Warren N, Najman JM. Emergency department presentations for deliberate self-harm and suicidal ideation in 25-39 years olds following agency-notified child maltreatment: results from the Childhood Adversity and Lifetime Morbidity (CALM) study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 33:e18. [PMID: 38532726 PMCID: PMC11022258 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796024000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To compare prospective reports of child maltreatment (CM) with emergency department (ED) presentations for deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal ideation in individuals aged between 25 and 39 years old. METHODS Linked records between the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy birth cohort and Queensland administrative health data were used, which included notifications to child protection agencies for CM. ED presentations for individuals aged between 25 and 39 years of age for suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviour or poisoning by paracetamol or psychotropic medications where the intention was unclear were examined using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 609 (10.1%) individuals were the subject of one or more CM notifications for neglect or physical, sexual or emotional abuse before the age of 15 years. Of these, 250 (4.1%) presented at least once to ED for DSH and/or suicidal ideation between 25 and 39 years of age. In adjusted analysis, any notification of CM was associated with significantly increased odds of presenting to ED for these reasons (aOR = 2.80; 95% CI = 2.04-3.84). In sensitivity analyses, any notification of CM increased the odds of the combined outcome of DSH and suicidal ideation by 275% (aOR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.96-4.06) and increased the odds of DSH alone by 269% (aOR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.65-4.41). CONCLUSIONS All CM types (including emotional abuse and neglect) were associated with ED presentations for DSH and suicidal ideation in individuals between 25 and 39 years of age. These findings have important implications for the prevention of DSH, suicidal ideation and other health outcomes. They also underscore the importance of trauma-informed care in ED for all individuals presenting with DSH and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kisely
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C. Bull
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M. Trott
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - U. Arnautovska
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D. Siskind
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N. Warren
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J. Moses Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Labaut L, Lage-Castellanos A, Rodrigo MJ, Herrero-Roldán S, Mitchell C, Fisher J, León I. Mother adversity and co-residence time impact mother-child similarity in genome-wide and gene-specific methylation profiles. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:44. [PMID: 38509601 PMCID: PMC10953278 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of adverse life events on physical and psychological health, with DNA methylation (DNAm) as a critical underlying mechanism, have been extensively studied. However, the epigenetic resemblance between mother and child in the context of neglectful caregiving, and whether it may be shaped by the emotional impact of maternal stressful events and the duration of co-residence (indexed by child age), remains unknown. The present study examined mother-child similarity in methylation profiles, considering the potential effect of mother adversity, mother empathy, neglect-control group, child age (an index of years of mother-child co-residence), and mother age. Using Illumina Epic arrays, we quantified DNAm in 115 mother-child saliva samples. We obtained a methylation similarity index by computing correlation coefficients between methylation profiles within dyads, for the entire epigenome, and five specific genes related to stress and empathy: NR3C1, FKPB5, OXTR, SCL6A4, and BDNF. RESULTS The methylation profiles of the mother-child familial pairs significantly correlated as compared to mother-child random pairs for the entire epigenome and NR3C1, FKBP5, OXTR and BDNF genes. Next, multiple linear regression models observed associations of mother adversity, child age, and neglect-control group on mother-child methylation similarity, only significant in mother-child familial pairs, after correcting for multiple comparisons. Higher mother adversity was associated with lower mother-child methylation similarity for the epigenome-wide analysis, for the BDNF gene, and in the neglect-control group for the OXTR gene. In turn, being an older child (longer co-residence) was associated with higher mother-child methylation similarity. CONCLUSIONS Mother adversity and co-residence time are modulating factors in the intergenerational methylation process that offer a window into development-dependent adaptations that can be affected by both hereditary and environmental factors, significantly observed only in biological dyads. A twofold implication for child well-being emerges, one is positive in that children of mothers exposed to life adversity or neglect did not necessarily inherit their methylation patterns. The other is concerning due to the influence of time spent living together, which affects similarity with the mother and potentially increases the risk of inheriting an epigenetic profile associated with future dysfunctional parenting patterns. This underscores the importance of the 'the earlier, the better' recommendation by the Child Protection System, which is not always followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Labaut
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Campus de Guajara, Universidad de La Laguna, 38201, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Agustín Lage-Castellanos
- Department of NeuroInformatics, Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - María José Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Campus de Guajara, Universidad de La Laguna, 38201, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Silvia Herrero-Roldán
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Campus de Guajara, Universidad de La Laguna, 38201, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Aplicadas y de la Comunicación, UNIE Universidad, Madrid, Spain
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Abor, MI, USA
| | - Jonah Fisher
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Abor, MI, USA
| | - Inmaculada León
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Campus de Guajara, Universidad de La Laguna, 38201, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
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Hamel C, Rodrigue C, Clermont C, Hébert M, Paquette L, Dion J. Alexithymia as a mediator of the associations between child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6359. [PMID: 38493260 PMCID: PMC10944459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Child maltreatment is a global concern that profoundly affects individuals throughout their lives. This study investigated the relationships between various forms of child maltreatment and behavior problems involving internalization and externalization during adolescence. Data obtained from a diverse sample of 1802 Canadians aged 14-18 years was used to examine the mediating role of alexithymia-a difficulty in recognizing and expressing emotions-in these associations. Results indicated that adolescents who experienced sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) in their childhood exhibited higher levels of alexithymia, which was correlated with elevated levels of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Physical abuse and parental neglect were only associated with externalizing problems. Gender differences also emerged, with gender-diverse adolescents reporting a higher prevalence of maltreatment, alexithymia, and behavior problems compared with their peers. However, alexithymia's mediating role was consistent across genders. Overall, this study highlights the intricate relationships between child maltreatment, alexithymia, and adolescent behavior problems. The findings of this study how different forms of child maltreatment significantly shape behavioral outcomes and indicate the importance of interventions in enhancing emotional awareness and expression in adolescents with a childhood history of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hamel
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada.
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada.
| | - Christopher Rodrigue
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Clermont
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, H2L 4Y2, Canada
| | - Linda Paquette
- Département Des Sciences de La Santé, Université du Québec À Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Canada
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Yang Y, Yu J, Zhang S, Xie Q. Childhood maltreatment and psychopathy in Chinese juvenile offenders: person-centered perspective. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:134. [PMID: 38459519 PMCID: PMC10924405 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment stands as a salient risk factor in the etiology of juvenile delinquency, with a profound impact on the behavioral trajectories of young offenders. However, there is limited research on latent profile analysis to explore distinctive patterns of childhood maltreatment in Chinese juvenile offenders. Consequently, there is a lack of understanding regarding the associations between maltreatment profiles and relevant variables in this context. The present study aimed to explore meaningful subgroups of childhood maltreatment in juvenile offenders, and we further examined the associations between subgroups and multiple outcomes especially psychopathy. METHODS The data was obtained from a sample of Chinese juvenile offenders (N = 625, M age = 17.22, SD = 1.23). This study employed a latent profile analysis (LPA) based on factor scores of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form to identify the subgroups and examined the differences across subgroups using outcomes variables including psychopathy, callous-unemotional traits, aggression and anxiety. This study includes three self-report measures to evaluate psychopathy, with due regard for the nuanced considerations on the factor structure inherent in the conceptualization of psychopathy. RESULTS Two subgroups were identified, including the non-maltreatment subgroup (80.2%) and the maltreatment subgroup (19.8%). Maltreatment subgroup was characterized by a greater level of all types of maltreatment with particularly higher of emotion neglect. Besides, we found that maltreatment subgroup showed a significantly higher level of psychopathy across multiple self-report measures, and greater callous-unemotional traits, lack of empathy, aggression and anxiety. We found two subgroups of child maltreatment in Chinese juvenile offenders. CONCLUSIONS These findings may provide a further understanding of childhood maltreatment and the clinical intervention on psychopathy in the early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Yang
- Department of Management, Hunan Police Academy, 410138, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Mental Health Education and Consulting Center, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, 410081, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Suxian Zhang
- Department of Management, Hunan Police Academy, 410138, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Management, Hunan Police Academy, 410138, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Para S, Shahrokhi H, Maserat E, Mohammadzadeh Z. Design and evaluation of child abuse web-based application for parent education & strengthen. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:710. [PMID: 38443811 PMCID: PMC10916122 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse is one of the major health and social problems in the world and has severe short-term and long-term consequences on children's psychological, social and physical functioning. One of the effective strategies to control and prevent child abuse is training parent through web-based applications. The aim of this study is to design and evaluation of child abuse web-based application for parent education and strengthen. METHODS This study is an applied-developmental study that performed in Razi Educational and Therapeutic Center in Tabriz. The study consisted of three main phases. The requirements assessment and design phases were completed between November 2022 and February 2023. The research community was parents referring to Razi Center and convenience sampling was used to select the samples. In firststage, a questionnaire was designed by searching in library sources and consulting with specialists for needs assessment and application design. The questionnaire was completed by psychiatric specialists, health information management and health information technology.Finally, the usability of designed application was evaluated with the participation of 30 parents and specialists. RESULTS Based on the identified information elements and capabilities, a child abuse web-based application was designed. Application capabilities were such as concepts of child abuse, prevention and treatment strategies, parenting skills, childrens behavioral disorders, child abuse laws and interaction with clinical specialists. Finally, the result of the web-based application usability evaluation was evaluated at a good level equal to an average of 7.6 out of a total of 9 points. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of expressing experiences, exchanging message, attractiveness, ease of use, and accessibility of parents, they were designed as application features. The usability of the web-based application was satisfactory to users in various of overall functionality, display, terminology, learning ability and overall application capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Para
- Department of Health Information Technology, Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Shahrokhi
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Maserat
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, 5165665811, Tabriz, Iran.
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Liu Q, Wang X, Razza RA, Vasilenko SA. Early adverse childhood experiences and preschoolers' attentional regulation: A latent class analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106703. [PMID: 38395020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) profoundly disrupt preschoolers' attentional regulation development. Different patterns of ACEs may be associated with different attentional regulation outcomes. OBJECTIVE Drawing from developmental systems theory and attachment theory, this study aimed to identify distinct patterns of early ACEs at age three and examined the associations of these patterns with preschoolers' attentional regulation at age five. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study used the two waves of longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4457). METHODS First, this study applied latent class analysis (LCA) across nine indicators of ACEs at age three. Second, class membership was examined for associations with preschoolers' attentional regulation at age five. RESULTS LCA identified four latent classes of ACEs: separation (41.2 %), parental incarceration (33 %), family dysfunction (20.8 %), and child abuse (5 %). Children in the child abuse class exhibited lower levels of attentional regulation than those in the family dysfunction class (0.33 standard deviation difference, p < .01) or separation class (0.48 standard deviation difference, p < .001). Children in the parental incarceration class demonstrated lower levels of attentional regulation than those in the separation class (0.63 standard deviation difference, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Findings provide implications for the need to prevent early child abuse and incorporate trauma-informed intervention programs to support preschoolers' attentional regulation during school-entry age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, United States of America.
| | - Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, Syracuse University, United States of America
| | - Rachel A Razza
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, United States of America
| | - Sara A Vasilenko
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, United States of America
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Ding W, Xu Y, Kondracki AJ, Sun Y. Childhood adversity and accelerated reproductive events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:315-329.e31. [PMID: 37820985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated female reproductive events represent the early onset of reproductive events involving puberty, menarche, pregnancy loss, first sexual intercourse, first birth, parity, and menopause. This study aimed to explore the association between childhood adversity and accelerated female reproductive events. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched from September 22, 2022 to September 23, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies in human populations were included if they reported the time of reproductive events for female individuals with experience of childhood adversity and were published in English. METHODS Two reviewers independently screened studies, obtained data, and assessed study quality, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Dichotomous outcomes were evaluated using meta-analysis, and pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were generated using random-effects models. Moderation analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 21 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies were identified. Overall, female individuals with childhood adversity were nearly 2 times more likely to report accelerated reproductive events than those with no adversity exposure (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.76; I2=99.6%; P<.001). Moderation analysis indicated that effect sizes for the types of childhood adversity ranged from an odds ratio of 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.09) for low socioeconomic status to 2.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.99) for dysfunctional family dynamics. Among the 7 groups based on different reproductive events, including early onset of puberty, early menarche, early sexual initiation, teenage childbirth, preterm birth, pregnancy loss, and early menopause, early sexual initiation had a nonsignificant correlation with childhood adversity (odds ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-8.30; I2=99.9%; P<.001). Considerable heterogeneity (I2>75%) between estimates was observed for over half of the outcomes. Age, study type, and method of data collection could explain 35.9% of the variance. CONCLUSION The literature tentatively corroborates that female individuals who reported adverse events in childhood are more likely to experience accelerated reproductive events. This association is especially strong for exposure to abuse and dysfunctional family dynamics. However, the heterogeneity among studies was high, requiring caution in interpreting the findings and highlighting the need for further evaluation of the types and timing of childhood events that influence accelerated female reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anthony J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Downward P, Webb T, Dawson P. Referee Abuse, Intention to Quit, and Well-Being. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:207-217. [PMID: 37039732 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2184459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There are growing levels of abuse toward match officials in sport as well as general problems of their recruitment and retention. Purpose: This study analyzes the role that physical and nonphysical abuse has on association football referees' intentions to quit and their personal well-being. Methods: Drawing on pooled survey data of association football referees from the UK and Canada, this paper employs probit, ordinary least squares, and treatment effects regression analyses to explore the casual relationship between the physical and nonphysical abuse faced by referees, their intention to quit and their well-being. Results: Although physical abuse is less common than nonphysical abuse both affect the intention to quit and well-being of officials. Moreover, those that do not contemplate quitting also face reductions in their well-being. Conclusion: The research recommends a zero-tolerance approach to all forms of abuse of officials in sport and identifies that organizations have a duty of care for the well-being of their officials.
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Palmisano AN, Schwartz EKC, Gueorguieva R, Sofuoglu M. Associations Between Childhood Trauma and Tobacco Use Outcomes in Adults after Overnight Abstinence. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:324-332. [PMID: 37565294 PMCID: PMC10882440 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood trauma is known to be associated with nicotine dependence, yet limited smoking outcomes have been examined and few studies have assessed associations between specific trauma subscales and smoking. Additionally, sex differences in trauma-smoking relations are understudied. This study examined associations between childhood trauma and several smoking-related outcomes in adults who smoke after overnight abstinence. AIMS AND METHODS People who smoke (N = 205) completed self-report and biochemical assessments evaluating childhood trauma, affect, nicotine dependence, smoking urges, withdrawal, and plasma cortisol and cotinine levels. Smoking outcomes were compared between those with and without a history of moderate to severe childhood trauma among the total sample and by sex. RESULTS Relative to those with no to minimal abuse, those with moderate to severe abuse had higher negative affect, withdrawal severity, and plasma cotinine levels. Exploratory analyses revealed that women were more likely than men to have urges to smoke for negative reinforcement and have higher withdrawal severity, but no interactions between abuse group and sex were observed. Examining specific trauma subscales, the moderate to severe emotional abuse group had more severe nicotine dependence, negative affect, and withdrawal compared to the no to minimal group. The moderate to severe sexual abuse group had more severe nicotine dependence and withdrawal compared to the no to minimal group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with more severe nicotine dependence, negative affect, withdrawal, and higher plasma cotinine levels. Findings also indicate that different types of trauma may differentially affect smoking behaviors. IMPLICATIONS This study of adults who smoke finds that childhood trauma history may be a marker for smoking susceptibility and suggests that individuals with experiences of emotional and sexual abuse may require targeted forms of smoking cessation interventions. Moreover, findings suggest that smoking risks may differ for men and women. Findings inform public health interventions intended to reduce cigarette use in individuals with exposure to childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Palmisano
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth K C Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Wen S, Zhu J, Han X, Li Y, Liu H, Yang H, Hou C, Xu S, Wang J, Hu Y, Qu Y, Liu D, Aspelund T, Fang F, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Song H. Childhood maltreatment and risk of endocrine diseases: an exploration of mediating pathways using sequential mediation analysis. BMC Med 2024; 22:59. [PMID: 38331807 PMCID: PMC10854183 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including childhood maltreatment, have been linked with increased risk of diabetes and obesity during adulthood. A comprehensive assessment on the associations between childhood maltreatment and all major endocrine diseases, as well as the relative importance of different proposed mechanistic pathways on these associations, is currently lacking. METHODS Based on the UK Biobank, we constructed a cohort including 151,659 participants with self-reported data on childhood maltreatment who were 30 years of age or older on/after January 1, 1985. All participants were followed from the index date (i.e., January 1, 1985, or their 30th birthday, whichever came later) until the first diagnosis of any or specific (12 individual diagnoses and 9 subtypes) endocrine diseases, death, or the end of follow-up (December 31, 2019), whichever occurred first. We used Cox models to examine the association of childhood maltreatment, treated as continuous (i.e., the cumulative number of experienced childhood maltreatment), ordinal (i.e., 0, 1 and ≥ 2), or binary (< 2 and ≥ 2) variable, with any and specific endocrine diseases, adjusted for multiple covariates. We further examined the risk of having multiple endocrine diseases using Linear or Logistic Regression models. Then, sequential mediation analyses were performed to assess the contribution of four possible mechanisms (i.e., suboptimal socioeconomic status (SES), psychological adversities, unfavorable lifestyle, and biological alterations) on the observed associations. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 30.8 years, 20,885 participants received a diagnosis of endocrine diseases. We observed an association between the cumulative number of experienced childhood maltreatment and increased risk of being diagnosed with any endocrine disease (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.12). The HR was 1.26 (1.22-1.30) when comparing individuals ≥ 2 with those with < 2 experienced childhood maltreatment. We further noted the most pronounced associations for type 2 diabetes (1.40 (1.33-1.48)) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis-related endocrine diseases (1.38 (1.17-1.62)), and the association was stronger for having multiple endocrine diseases, compared to having one (odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.24 (1.19-1.30), 1.35 (1.27-1.44), and 1.52 (1.52-1.53) for 1, 2, and ≥ 3, respectively). Sequential mediation analyses showed that the association between childhood maltreatment and endocrine diseases was consistently and most distinctly mediated by psychological adversities (15.38 ~ 44.97%), while unfavorable lifestyle (10.86 ~ 25.32%) was additionally noted for type 2 diabetes whereas suboptimal SES (14.42 ~ 39.33%) for HPA-axis-related endocrine diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that adverse psychological sequel of childhood maltreatment constitutes the main pathway to multiple endocrine diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes and HPA-axis-related endocrine diseases. Therefore, increased access to evidence-based mental health services may also be pivotal in reducing the risk of endocrine diseases among childhood maltreatment-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wen
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Han
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huazhen Yang
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Hou
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shishi Xu
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junren Wang
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Liu
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan University - Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huan Song
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China.
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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Gerin MI, Viding E, Neil L, Armbruster-Genc DJN, Freeman Z, Sharp M, Phillips H, McCrory EJ. Heightened response to positive facial cues as a potential marker of resilience following childhood adversity. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2309783. [PMID: 38318813 PMCID: PMC10849006 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2309783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment profoundly influences social and emotional development, increasing psychiatric risk. Alterations in the implicit processing of threat-related cues following early abuse and neglect represent a marker of mental health vulnerability. Less is known about how early adversity influences the perception of positive social cues, despite their central role in establishing and maintaining social interactions and their association with better mental health outcomes.Methods: The sample consisted of 42 children and adolescents with substantiated childhood maltreatment experiences and 32 peers (mean age 13.3), matched on age, pubertal status, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and cognitive ability. A computerised experimental task assessed the perceived emotional intensity of positive (happy) and negative (fearful) facial expressions. Mental health symptoms were measured via self- and parental reports, and perceived social support was self-reported.Results: The experience of abuse and neglect was associated with heightened perceived intensity of positive facial cues. Cross-sectional post-hoc moderation and mediation analyses, employing a model-building approach, revealed that in maltreatment-exposed participants: (i) their increased response to positive facial cues was associated with lower symptoms; (ii) the presence of social support accounted for their heightened perceived intensity of positive facial cues; (iii) the presence of social support putatively contributed to lower symptoms by increasing the perceived intensity of positive facial cues. No group differences in perceived intensity of negative expressions were observed.Conclusions: These findings provide fresh insight into how positive faces are processed following maltreatment experience in childhood. Maltreatment experience was found to be associated with heightened perceived intensity of happy faces, which in turn was associated with better mental health and greater levels of social support. This suggests that heightened saliency of positive emotions acts protectively in children with maltreatment experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia I. Gerin
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Neil
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ze Freeman
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Molly Sharp
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harriet Phillips
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eamon J. McCrory
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
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Alayyash A, Alam MK, Rashid ME, Mathew A, Di Blasio M, Ronsivalle V, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Prenatal incidence of cleft lip/palate and cocaine abuse in parents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:185. [PMID: 38317147 PMCID: PMC10840297 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the association between maternal cocaine abuse during pregnancy and the prevalence of cleft lip/palate (CL/P) in offspring, synthesizing existing evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis. CL/P is a congenital craniofacial anomaly with complex etiology, and prior research has suggested potential links between maternal cocaine use and CL/P. However, these associations remain inconclusive. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to the study's cutoff date in September 2021. Several databases were systematically searched using predefined search terms. Inclusion criteria were set to encompass studies reporting on the prevalence of CL/P in infants born to mothers with a history of cocaine use during pregnancy, with a comparison group of non-cocaine-using mothers. Data were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and relative risks (RR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The review included data from 4 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The combined OR from two studies was 0.05 (95% CI: 0.00, 4.41), which does not suggest a statistically significant association between prenatal cocaine exposure and the incidence of CL/P due to the confidence interval crossing the null value. Additionally, the combined RR was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.66), indicating a statistically significant decrease in the risk of CL/P associated with prenatal cocaine exposure. These results, with an OR that is not statistically significant and an RR suggesting decreased risk, should be interpreted with caution due to considerable heterogeneity and variability among the included studies' findings. Further research is needed to clarify these associations. CONCLUSION The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that maternal cocaine use during pregnancy is not a statistically significant independent risk factor for the development of CL/P in offspring. These results underscore the multifactorial nature of CL/P etiology and emphasize the importance of considering other genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors in understanding the condition's origins. While the study provides important insights, limitations such as data heterogeneity and potential confounders should be acknowledged. Future research should adopt rigorous study designs and explore a broader range of potential risk factors to comprehensively elucidate CL/P development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Alayyash
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, 600077, India.
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Enamur Rashid
- Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asok Mathew
- Clinical Science Department, Center of Medical and Bioallied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Marco Di Blasio
- University Center of Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Guiney H, Caspi A, Ambler A, Belsky J, Kokaua J, Broadbent J, Cheyne K, Dickson N, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, Hogan S, Ramrakha S, Righarts A, Thomson WM, Moffitt TE, Poulton R. Childhood sexual abuse and pervasive problems across multiple life domains: Findings from a five-decade study. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:219-235. [PMID: 36562290 PMCID: PMC10287838 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use longitudinal population-based data to examine the associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and risk for adverse outcomes in multiple life domains across adulthood. In 937 individuals followed from birth to age 45y, we assessed associations between CSA (retrospectively reported at age 26y) and the experience of 22 adverse outcomes in seven domains (physical, mental, sexual, interpersonal, economic, antisocial, multi-domain) from young adulthood to midlife (26 to 45y). Analyses controlled for sex, socioeconomic status, prospectively reported child harm and household dysfunction adverse childhood experiences, and adult sexual assault, and considered different definitions of CSA. After adjusting for confounders, CSA survivors were more likely than their peers to experience internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders, suicide attempts, health risk behaviors, systemic inflammation, poor oral health, sexually transmitted diseases, high-conflict relationships, benefit use, financial difficulties, antisocial behavior, and cumulative problems across multiple domains in adulthood. In sum, CSA was associated with multiple persistent problems across adulthood, even after adjusting for confounding life stressors, and the risk for particular problems incremented with CSA severity. The higher risk for most specific problems was small to moderate, but the cumulative long-term effects across multiple domains reflect considerable individual and societal burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Guiney
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Antony Ambler
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jay Belsky
- Robert M. and Natalie Reid Dorn Professor, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Kokaua
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Pacific Health, Va’a O Tautai, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kirsten Cheyne
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Dickson
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Robert J. Hancox
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sean Hogan
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antoinette Righarts
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Wang W, Xia X, Zhang H. Childhood Emotional Neglect and Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Mediating Role of Social Engagement. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:828-847. [PMID: 37727995 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231198245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that childhood maltreatment and adverse experiences lead to impaired cognitive function. However, relatively few studies have examined the independent effect of childhood emotional neglect on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, and the role of social engagement in this relationship. Using a sample from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, the current study examined the mediating role of social engagement in the association between childhood emotional neglect and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. Participants were 32,540 middle-aged and older adults (Mage = 63.45, SD = 8.83). Data were analyzed using a fixed effects model for panel data and bootstrap resampling method. Results showed that participants who experienced emotional neglect had poorer cognitive function (β = -.068, p < .001). Social engagement mediated 7.55% of the association between emotional neglect and cognitive function (β = -.004, 95% CI [-0.006, -0.002], p < .05). The results indicated that interventions are required to improve awareness of emotional neglect and facilitate healthy parenting practices. Further research on how to motivate adults who experienced emotional neglect to engage in social activities is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinger Xia
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Helpingstine CE, Murphy CA, Bernier J, Crane K, Klika JB. Child Sexual Abuse in the United States: A Commentary on Current Policy Approaches to Prevention and Aspirations for the Future. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38193750 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2023.2300701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a significant threat to the health and well-being of children in the United States (US). Public policies are a key public health strategy for the primary prevention of violence, including CSA. In 2021, the Enough Abuse Campaign and Prevent Child Abuse America published a comprehensive report entitled A Call to Action for Policymakers and Advocates: Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Legislation in the States to encourage state leaders to create a comprehensive strategy to prevent CSA in the US. Findings from the report show that the nation has made some effort to address CSA, but more focus needs to be given to primary prevention strategies that stop it from occurring in the first place. The report also illustrates the variability of CSA prevention policies across the US and highlights critical gaps in current approaches that must be addressed. In the spirit of the special issue, the authors reflect on key policy issues in the field, including the lack of a federal policy framework for CSA prevention, dedicated funding for the prevention of CSA, and research on the effectiveness of policies intended to prevent CSA. Suggestions for future directions in relation to policy development provided in this commentary will be useful to a variety of stakeholders interested in the topic of CSA prevention policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jetta Bernier
- Massachusetts Citizens for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Crane
- Prevent Child Abuse America, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gossmann E, Fegert JM. [Emotional Maltreatment of Children and Adolescents - Definitions, Prevalences, Risk Factors and Psychological Consequences]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2024; 73:28-54. [PMID: 38275228 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2024.73.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide an introductory overview of the phenomenon of emotional maltreatment of children and adolescents by presenting national and international literature and, in particular, to illustrate the consequences for the mental health of those affected. First, relevant definitions are made and forms of appearance of emotional child maltreatment are presented. A comparison of national and global prevalences shows that emotional child maltreatment is one of the most prevalent forms of child maltreatment. There are different risk factors that can exist at the level of the parents as well as at the level of the children or the environment. The risk that children and adolescents who have experienced emotional violence will have experienced other forms of childmaltreatment is high.There aremultiple consequences for victims of emotional child maltreatment which can result in different, longterm participatory impairments. Especially the psychological and somatic consequences of emotional childmaltreatment can be compared to the consequences of child sexual abuse and physical child maltreatment. Nevertheless, the significance of emotional maltreatment for affected children and adolescents is still underestimated in practice. Often, the effects of emotionalmaltreatment on those affected are not visible. Froma child and adolescent psychiatric/ psychotherapeutic perspective, the psychological consequences must therefore be clearly stated. Finally, there is a need for a broader understanding of emotional child maltreatment that also includes peer and sibling violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gossmann
- Kompetenzbereich Prävention Psychische Gesundheit im Kompetenznetzwerk Präventivmedizin Baden-Württemberg, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie Universitätsklinikum Ulm Steinhövelstraße 5 89075 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Kompetenzbereich Prävention Psychische Gesundheit im Kompetenznetzwerk Präventivmedizin Baden-Württemberg, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie Universitätsklinikum Ulm Steinhövelstraße 5 89075 Ulm Deutschland
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Kobulsky J, Schroeder K, Schuler B, Patrick EL, Lang Y, Wu J. Developmental timing of child maltreatment in relation to obesity and substance use disorder in late adolescence. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2024; 14:24-33. [PMID: 38504668 PMCID: PMC10947074 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective Obesity and substance use are leading preventable causes of mortality, yet their origins in violence remain poorly understood. This study examined child maltreatment in relation to obesity and symptoms consistent with substance use disorder (SUD) in late adolescence, determining the roles of the child maltreatment type and timing, and gender. Methods The sample (N = 1,161) was drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Obesity and SUD were measured at 18-years. Lifetime child protective services records and youth self-reports indicated physical abuse, sexual abuse, supervisory neglect, failure-to-provide neglect, and emotional maltreatment during early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Results In the overall sample, emotional maltreatment during adolescence was associated with obesity (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.30) and SUD (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.35), and adolescent physical abuse with obesity (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.58). In girls, early childhood physical abuse was associated with SUD (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.12), and emotional maltreatment during adolescence with obesity (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.10, 4.23) and SUD (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.37, 7.3 5). Adolescent physical abuse and obesity were associated in boys (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.45, 6.98). Gender moderation was identified for an inverse relationship between supervisory neglect and obesity in girls (OR = .26, 95% CI: .07, .99). Conclusions Type and timing contribute to the effects of child maltreatment, contingent upon gender. Intervention focused on adolescent emotional maltreatment may reduce both SUD and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kobulsky
- Temple University, College of Public Health, School of Social Work, 1301 W. Cecil B. Moore, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Krista Schroeder
- Temple University, College of Public Health, Department of Nursing
| | - Brittany Schuler
- Temple University, College of Public Health, School of Social Work, 1301 W. Cecil B. Moore, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Emily L. Patrick
- Temple University, College of Public Health, School of Social Work, 1301 W. Cecil B. Moore, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Yanda Lang
- Temple University, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Temple University, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
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Kallman J, Mamey MR, Vanderbilt DL, Imagawa KK, Schonfeld DJ, Deavenport-Saman A. Hyperactivity and Impulsivity Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Reading Achievement: A LONGSCAN Cohort Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01655-1. [PMID: 38141152 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) include various childhood stressors that can negatively impact the health and well-being of children. ACEs are associated with poor academic achievement. Attention is strongly associated with academic achievement, and there is a graded relationship between ACEs exposure and subsequent development of parent-reported ADHD; however, it is unclear whether ADHD symptoms mediate the relationship between ACEs and academic achievement. This study tested a model of mediation by ADHD symptoms between ACEs and academic achievement (measured by reading score). This retrospective cohort analysis utilized data from the Longitudinal Study on Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), a data consortium exploring the impact of child maltreatment (n = 494). There were relatively even numbers of male and female child participants, and the majority of caregivers were either non-Hispanic White or Black. Path analyses were modeled for ACEs as a sum score and separately for individual ACE exposures, with number of symptoms of Inattention (IN) and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (H/I) as mediators, and academic achievement as the outcome, adjusting for covariates. ACEs were highly prevalent in this sample (M = 5.10, SD = 1.90). After retaining significant covariates, significant direct associations (P < .05) were seen between ACE sum score and IN (β = .14) and H/I (β = .21), and between H/I and reading score (β=-.14). A higher ACE score was associated with lower reading scores through variation in H/I, but not IN. H/I mediated the relationship between ACEs and reading score in this high-risk population, providing new insight into relationships between ACEs and academic achievement, which can inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kallman
- Division of Developmental- Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS #146, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Mary Rose Mamey
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#76, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Douglas L Vanderbilt
- Division of Developmental- Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS #146, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Karen Kay Imagawa
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#76, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - David J Schonfeld
- Division of Developmental- Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS #146, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Alexis Deavenport-Saman
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#76, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
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Rebbe R, Reddy J, Huang JS, Kuelbs CL, Putnam-Hornstein E. Counts and child protection reports of diagnosed child maltreatment before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106450. [PMID: 37708644 PMCID: PMC10872595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms for reporting child maltreatment (CM) were affected by changes in service provision immediately following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To examine changes in counts and CPS reporting of CM medical encounters before and after the onset of COVID-19. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING All emergency department and inpatient medical encounters with at least one CM diagnosis during the study period at Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, the largest pediatric hospital in California between 2016 and November 2021. METHODS Using linked medical record and CPS administrative data, interrupted time series models tested for changes in monthly counts and percentages of CM medical encounters reported to CPS with the onset of COVID-19. Logistic regression tested for the likelihood of a CPS report being associated with a CM encounter. RESULTS CM medical encounters totaled 2528, including 793 after the onset of COVID-19. Interrupted time series models indicated with the onset of the pandemic, the counts of CM encounters increased 18 % (RR: 1.18, 95 % CI 1.03-1.34) and the percentages reported to CPS increased 10 % (RR: 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.05-1.17). CM encounters that occurred after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic had increased odds of a CPS report (fully adjusted model: OR: 1.08; 95 % CI: 1.05-1.12). CONCLUSIONS This study found increases in monthly counts and a higher percentage of CM medical encounters with CPS reports after the pandemic onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rebbe
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, 325 Pittsboro St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Julia Reddy
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jeannie S Huang
- Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; University of California, San Diego Department of Pediatrics, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Cynthia L Kuelbs
- Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; University of California, San Diego Department of Pediatrics, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Emily Putnam-Hornstein
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, 325 Pittsboro St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Children's Data Network, University of Southern California, 669 W 34th St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Alruwaili NSQ, Alanazi AMM, Alrawaili NM, Alzalbani AKM, Alanazi MSM, Alotibi FAJ, Alanazi RZA, Alruwaili MM, Alanzi AMM. The Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect Among the Saudi Population: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49894. [PMID: 38174192 PMCID: PMC10762695 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a pressing global issue with profound implications for the well-being of children. The aim of this review is to examine the existing literature and synthesize evidence on the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward child abuse and neglect within the Saudi population. This review synthesizes the existing literature to illuminate the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes surrounding CAN within the Saudi population. Ten studies spanning the years 2019-2023 were meticulously analyzed, offering a comprehensive snapshot of CAN perceptions across various segments of society. The studies, encompassing diverse methodologies and populations, collectively underscore the commendable levels of awareness and knowledge demonstrated by healthcare professionals, including primary healthcare (PHC) physicians, nurses, and medical practitioners. Notably, several studies reveal that these professionals exhibit robust recognition of different forms of child abuse, a vital aspect in the identification and prevention of abuse cases. While positive attitudes toward CAN were prevalent among healthcare providers, barriers to reporting were highlighted. The fear of consequences and uncertainty emerged as key deterrents to reporting among medical and dental students and nurses, respectively. These findings emphasize the necessity for creating supportive environments that empower professionals to report suspected cases of abuse while addressing apprehensions. The parental perception of CAN also came into focus, revealing a disparity between the recognition of CAN as a common problem and the adequate knowledge of emotional abuse and neglect. These findings point toward a need for targeted public awareness campaigns that differentiate between disciplinary practices and abusive behaviors. In conclusion, this review offers a nuanced understanding of the Saudi population's awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward child abuse and neglect. The synthesis of findings across diverse studies informs future interventions, advocating for enhanced awareness, reporting, and prevention strategies. By empowering individuals and professionals alike, a safer environment for Saudi children can be nurtured, fostering a future free from the shadows of abuse and neglect.
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Kemal S, Nwabuo A, Hoffmann J. Mental Health and Violence in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:1201-1215. [PMID: 37865440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the complex interplay between mental health and violence among children. Although children with mental illness are more likely to be victims of violence than perpetrators, this article describes the few mental health conditions associated with increased violent behavior among children. Next, the authors examine the spectrum of mental health sequelae among children following exposure to various forms of violence. Lastly, the authors discuss the underutilization of mental health services in this population and highlight screening and intervention tools available to pediatric clinicians caring for children exposed to violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Kemal
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 62, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Adaobi Nwabuo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, 2230 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jennifer Hoffmann
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 62, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Cox J, Raimer-Goodman L, Gatwiri C, Elliott A, Goodman M. Partner Cooperation, Conflict, Maternal Mental Health, and Parenting Behaviors in Rural Kenya: Towards a Two-Generational Understanding of Gender Transformation Benefits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON CHILD MALTREATMENT : RESEARCH, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2023; 6:555-566. [PMID: 38333764 PMCID: PMC10852061 DOI: 10.1007/s42448-023-00156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Increasing partner cooperation is an established approach to reducing intimate partner violence. This strategy, known in the literature as "gender transformation," benefits mental and physical health of women and men. Less is known about the potential for gender transformation strategies to improve the nurturing context for children. We hypothesize that increasing partner cooperation, a common benefit of community-based empowerment programs, would decrease child maltreatment through reducing intimate partner conflict and improving maternal mental health. This study utilizes cohort data from women (n = 400) participating in a combined group-based microfinance program to assess potential mechanisms by which partner cooperation at T1 (June 2018) predicts less children maltreatment at T2 (June 2019). As hypothesized, partner cooperation predicts less subsequent child maltreatment-frequency of neglect, corporal punishment, physical assault, and psychological abuse in the past month. This association is mediated completely by subsequent more partner cooperation and less intimate partner conflict, maternal loneliness, and depression. Implications of this study include potential for combining multiple development areas-women's empowerment, intimate partner cooperation, mental health, and child nurturing contexts. Future study should assess these pathways in a cluster-based randomized trial, and explore how findings may inform policy and practice where these domains are less integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cox
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Marvin Graves, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77552, USA
| | - Lauren Raimer-Goodman
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Marvin Graves, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77552, USA
| | | | - Aleisha Elliott
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Marvin Graves, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77552, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Marvin Graves, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77552, USA
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Li SM, Zhang C, Bi K, Chen MS. Longitudinal impacts of adverse childhood experiences on multidimensional health outcomes: Predicting trajectories in mental, physical, and behavioral health. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023:106543. [PMID: 37980177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) elevate the risk of poor health later in life. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a more comprehensive investigation of the multidimensional health risks associated with ACEs, to address a gap in the understanding of their longitudinal impact on mental, physical, and behavioral health domains. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study included 6, 504 participants (51.61 % females) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2018). METHODS We utilized latent class growth analysis to identify trajectories from adolescence to adulthood in three health domains: depression (Mental Health, MH), self-report physical health (SRH), and binge drinking frequency (BDF). Binary logistic regression was then used to assess the unique contributions of different types of ACEs to these longitudinal health trajectories. RESULTS Three to four trajectories were identified for MH (consistently low, decreasing, increasing), SRH (consistently low, decreasing, increasing, consistently high), and BDF (consistently low, decreasing, moderate). Regression results showed that experience of emotional abuse and witnessed community violence elevated the risk associated with unfavorable trajectories in the mental health and behavioral health domains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Individual ACEs differentially predicted mental, physical, and behavioral health trajectories, potentially through various pathways. Prevention of ACEs could mitigate health risks for adolescents and young adults across these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Li
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Chengmian Zhang
- Center of Student Mental Health, Wuhan, Institute of Design and Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiwen Bi
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mark Shuquan Chen
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Samuel D, O'Malley F, Brink FW, Crichton KG, Duffy B, Letson MM, Michaels NL. Characterizing child maltreatment fatalities among child victims with disabilities in the United States, 2010-2019. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106354. [PMID: 37517210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been little research on child maltreatment-related fatalities among children with disabilities. Despite being a minority of children in the United States, children with disabilities experience higher rates of victimization. OBJECTIVE To characterize fatalities due to child maltreatment among children with disabilities in the United States. METHODS Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed to describe child maltreatment-related deaths among children with disabilities aged birth to 17 years. RESULTS There were 106 fatalities meeting the study criteria. The average age of the victims was 5.9 years old and 74.6 % were male. The most frequent suspected perpetrators of maltreatment-related fatalities were biological mothers (35.2 %), and most perpetrators were White (55.7 %). Analyses showed a statistically significant relationship between fatalities caused by neglect and diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and/or traumatic brain injury. Overall, physical abuse and/or neglect resulting in a fatality among children with disabilities were significantly correlated with the relationship of the perpetrator to the victim. CONCLUSIONS Children with disabilities who died as a result of abuse were more likely to have autism spectrum disorder, a developmental disability, or other physical impairment, with physical abuse being the most prevalent type of abuse that resulted in death. To decrease the likelihood of abuse of disabled children, healthcare practitioners and caseworkers should work together to create strategies to help caregivers cope with the financial, mental, and physical stress that comes with raising children with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devona Samuel
- Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, United States of America
| | - Fiona O'Malley
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
| | - Farah W Brink
- The Center for Family Safety and Healing, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 655 E Livingston Ave, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Kristin G Crichton
- The Center for Family Safety and Healing, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 655 E Livingston Ave, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Bridget Duffy
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
| | - Megan M Letson
- The Center for Family Safety and Healing, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 655 E Livingston Ave, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Nichole L Michaels
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
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Wang Y, Hong A, Yang W, Wang Z. The impact of childhood trauma on perceived stress and personality in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A cross-sectional network analysis. J Psychosom Res 2023; 172:111432. [PMID: 37406417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the role of childhood experiences in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the influence of childhood experiences on personality, behavior, and perceived stress may vary between OCD patients and healthy individuals. The objective of this study was to use network analysis to explore the relationship between childhood trauma, personality, perceived stress, and symptom dimensions, thus finding the difference between patients' and healthy people's network. METHODS 488 patients with OCD and 210 healthy volunteers were recruited. All of them were assessed with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised (OCI-R), the Perceived Stress Scale-10, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report Short Form. Network analysis was conducted and the centrality indices were calculated. Network comparison test was performed. RESULTS In patients' network, the Obsession and the Ordering behavior were the most important nodes among the OCI-R. The perceived stress showed the strongest strength centrality of all nodes and positive correlation with the Obsession and Neuroticism. Network comparison test results indicated a statistically significant difference between network structure, and post-hoc analysis found five edges significantly differed between patients and healthy controls, mainly on Obsession and Washing behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Emotional abuse was considered significant in both networks due to its higher strength centrality. Meanwhile, perceived stress was found to be more significant in the patient network and exhibited stronger associations with obsession. The obsessive thoughts and washing behavior were different among patients and healthy controls, which brought new understanding to the pathopsychological mechanisms of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ang Hong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No. 13dz2260500), Shanghai 200030, China.
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King LS, Guyon-Harris KL, Valadez EA, Radulescu A, Fox NA, Nelson CA, Zeanah CH, Humphreys KL. A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:573-583. [PMID: 37211832 PMCID: PMC10751847 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Bucharest Early Intervention Project is the first randomized controlled trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care. The authors synthesized data from nearly 20 years of assessments of the trial to determine the overall intervention effect size across time points and developmental domains. The goal was to quantify the overall effect of the foster care intervention on children's outcomes and examine sources of variation in this effect, including domain, age, and sex assigned at birth. METHODS An intent-to-treat approach was used to examine the causal effects of the randomized controlled trial for 136 children residing in institutions in Bucharest, Romania (baseline age, 6-31 months) who were randomly assigned to either foster care (N=68) or care as usual (N=68). At ages 30, 42, and 54 months and 8, 12, and 16-18 years, children were assessed for IQ, physical growth, brain electrical activity (EEG), and symptoms of five types of psychopathology. RESULTS Participants provided 7,088 observations across follow-up waves. Children assigned to foster care had better cognitive and physical outcomes and less severe psychopathology than did those who received care as usual. The magnitude of these effect sizes remained stable across development. The foster care intervention most influenced IQ and disorders of attachment/social relatedness. CONCLUSIONS Young children benefit from placement in families after institutional care. The benefits of foster care for previously institutionalized children were remarkably stable across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy S. King
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Emilio A. Valadez
- University of Maryland, Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, College Park, MD
| | | | - Nathan A. Fox
- University of Maryland, Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, College Park, MD
| | - Charles A. Nelson
- Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA
| | - Charles H. Zeanah
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New Orleans, LA
| | - Kathryn L. Humphreys
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New Orleans, LA
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, Nashville, TN
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Merrill KG, Knight L, Nakuti J, Mirembe A, Allen E, Bhatia A, Parkes J, Naker D, Devries KM. The association between violence victimization and subsequent unplanned pregnancy among adolescent girls in Uganda: Do primary schools make a difference? PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001141. [PMID: 37523344 PMCID: PMC10389730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Violence victimization is a risk factor for adolescent pregnancy in high-income, low violence prevalence countries, but longitudinal data are lacking from settings where violence and adolescent pregnancy are common, including sub-Saharan Africa. We also know little about contextual factors which modify this association. We analyzed data from the Contexts of Violence in Adolescence Cohort (CoVAC) study in Luwero District, Uganda. Primary students in 42 schools completed surveys in 2014 (Wave 1) and 2018 (Wave 2). Our outcome was unplanned pregnancy. Our exposure was violence victimization, including any violence, type of violence (physical, emotional, sexual), perpetrator group (teacher, peer, family member), and polyvictimization. We fit mixed-effects logistic regression models and examined school factors (e.g., connectedness, absenteeism) as effect modifiers, using data from students (n = 3,431) and staff (n = 591) at the 42 schools. 1,449 girls were included in analyses (78% follow-up). At Wave 1, 88% (n = 1,281/1,449) reported any violence (mean age = 12.73, SD = 1.44 years). At Wave 2, 13.9% (n = 201/1,449) reported an unplanned pregnancy. In adjusted models, compared to no violence, significant associations (p<0.05) were observed for any violence (OR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.03-3.85), physical violence (OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.02-3.79), teacher violence (OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.01-3.79), peer violence (OR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.00-4.03), family violence (OR = 2.23, 95%CI = 1.07-4.65), violence from one perpetrator group (OR = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.01-4.15), and violence from three perpetrator groups (OR = 2.21, 95%CI = 0.99-4.95). Sexual and emotional violence were associated in crude but not adjusted analyses. School and peer connectedness modified the association (p<0.05); girls who experienced violence had higher odds of unplanned pregnancy in schools with lower versus higher connectedness. Violence victimization in early adolescence is strongly associated with subsequent unplanned pregnancy among adolescent girls in Uganda but attending schools with more school or peer connectedness attenuated this link. Interventions should seek to reduce violence against girls to prevent unplanned pregnancy. Interventions promoting positive connections to school may be especially important for violence victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Merrill
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Louise Knight
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Allen
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amiya Bhatia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Parkes
- University College London-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karen M Devries
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Strathearn L, Momany A, Kovács EH, Guiler W, Ladd-Acosta C. The intersection of genome, epigenome and social experience in autism spectrum disorder: Exploring modifiable pathways for intervention. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 202:107761. [PMID: 37121464 PMCID: PMC10330448 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased substantially over the past two decades. Current research suggests that both genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in the etiology of ASD. The goal of this paper is to examine how one specific environmental factor, early social experience, may be correlated with DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in genes associated with ASD. We present an innovative model which proposes that polygenic risk and changes in DNAm due to social experience may both contribute to the symptoms of ASD. Previous research on genetic and environmental factors implicated in the etiology of ASD will be reviewed, with an emphasis on the oxytocin receptor gene, which may be epigenetically altered by early social experience, and which plays a crucial role in social and cognitive development. Identifying an environmental risk factor for ASD (e.g., social experience) that could be modified via early intervention and which results in epigenetic (DNAm) changes, could transform our understanding of this condition, facilitate earlier identification of ASD, and guide early intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane Strathearn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road 2-471 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Hawkeye Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (Hawk-IDDRC), University of Iowa, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Allison Momany
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Hawkeye Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (Hawk-IDDRC), University of Iowa, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Emese Hc Kovács
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road 2-471 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA.
| | - William Guiler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology and the Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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