1
|
Hernandez-Nicols BF, Robledo-Pulido JJ, Alvarado-Navarro A. Etiopathogenesis of Psoriasis: Integration of Proposed Theories. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:348-415. [PMID: 38240030 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by squamous and erythematous plaques on the skin and the involvement of the immune system. Global prevalence for psoriasis has been reported around 1-3% with a higher incidence in adults and similar proportions between men and women. The risk factors associated with psoriasis are both extrinsic and intrinsic, out of which a polygenic predisposition is a highlight out of the latter. Psoriasis etiology is not yet fully described, but several hypothesis have been proposed: 1) the autoimmunity hypothesis is based on the over-expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37, the proteins ADAMTSL5, K17, and hsp27, or lipids synthesized by the PLA2G4D enzyme, all of which may serve as autoantigens to promote the differentiation of autoreactive lymphocytes T and unleash a chronic inflammatory response; 2) dysbiosis of skin microbiota hypothesis in psoriasis has gained relevance due to the observations of a loss of diversity and the participation of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus spp. or Staphylococcus spp. the fungi Malassezia spp. or Candida spp. and the virus HPV, HCV, or HIV in psoriatic plaques; 3) the oxidative stress hypothesis, the most recent one, describes that the cell injury and the release of proinflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides that leads to activate of the Th1/Th17 axis observed in psoriasis is caused by a higher release of reactive oxygen species and the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. This review aims to describe the mechanisms involved in the three hypotheses on the etiopathogeneses of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Fernanda Hernandez-Nicols
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan José Robledo-Pulido
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee SH, Lee NY, Choi SH, Oh CH, Won GW, Bhatta MP, Moon JH, Lee CG, Kim JH, Park JL, Park JT. Molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and skin protective effects of Syzygium formosum in human skin keratinocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:689-697. [PMID: 38274184 PMCID: PMC10805749 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Irradiation injury, especially caused by UVB, of the skin is one of the critical reasons for skin inflammation and damage. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of Syzygium formosum leafy extract (SFLE) and its mechanism of action against UVB-induced damages of human keratinocytes. In this study, SFLE was prepared from 100 kg dried leaves using industrial-scale processes. We found that SFLE markedly reduced markers of the skin inflammation in UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Only 2 μg/mL of SFLE exhibited significantly stronger anti-inflammatory effects than the fivefold concentration of positive control. Intriguingly, an anti-inflammatory enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 expression was significantly induced by SFLE treatment. MMP-3 and -9 were, but not MMP-1, significantly reduced. SFLE inhibited the expression of the MAPK pathway, resulting in a decrease on UVB-induced reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, SFLE can potentially be used to treat skin inflammatory diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01380-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Seung-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cheong-Hae Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Won
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mahesh Prakash Bhatta
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-ll Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon, 34134 Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Belsey NA, Dexter A, Vorng JL, Tsikritsis D, Nikula CJ, Murta T, Tiddia MV, Zhang J, Gurdak E, Trindade GF, Gilmore IS, Page L, Roper CS, Guy RH, Bettex MB. Visualisation of drug distribution in skin using correlative optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry imaging. J Control Release 2023; 364:79-89. [PMID: 37858627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A correlative methodology for label-free chemical imaging of soft tissue has been developed, combining non-linear optical spectroscopies and mass spectrometry to achieve sub-micron spatial resolution and critically improved drug detection sensitivity. The approach was applied to visualise the kinetics of drug reservoir formation within human skin following in vitro topical treatment with a commercial diclofenac gel. Non-destructive optical spectroscopic techniques, namely stimulated Raman scattering, second harmonic generation and two photon fluorescence microscopies, were used to provide chemical and structural contrast. The same tissue sections were subsequently analysed by secondary ion mass spectrometry, which offered higher sensitivity for diclofenac detection throughout the epidermis and dermis. A method was developed to combine the optical and mass spectrometric datasets using image registration techniques. The label-free, high-resolution visualisation of tissue structure coupled with sensitive chemical detection offers a powerful method for drug biodistribution studies in the skin that impact directly on topical pharmaceutical product development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Belsey
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Alex Dexter
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Vorng
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Dimitrios Tsikritsis
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Chelsea J Nikula
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Teresa Murta
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Maria-Vitalia Tiddia
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Junting Zhang
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Elzbieta Gurdak
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Gustavo F Trindade
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Ian S Gilmore
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Leanne Page
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, East Lothian EH33 2NE, UK
| | - Clive S Roper
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, East Lothian EH33 2NE, UK; Roper Toxicology Consulting Limited, Edinburgh EH3 6AD, UK
| | - Richard H Guy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mila Boncheva Bettex
- Haleon CH SARL, Route de l'Etraz 2, Case postale 1279, 1260 Nyon 1, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Batal AI, El-Sayyad GS, Al-Shammari BM, Abdelaziz AM, Nofel MM, Gobara M, Elkhatib WF, Eid NA, Salem MS, Attia MS. Protective role of iron oxide nanocomposites on disease index, and biochemical resistance indicators against Fusarium oxysporum induced-cucumber wilt disease: In vitro, and in vivo studies. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106131. [PMID: 37121523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently nanocomposites have become a super-growth inducers as well as vital antifungal agents, which enhance plant growth and suppress plant diseases. A new strategy regarding the fabrication of humic acid (H) and boron (B) conjugated Fe2O3 nanocomposites was performed. Fe2O3 NP-B and Fe2O3 NP-H were synthesized in the presence of gamma-rays (as a direct reducing agent). Gamma-rays provoked reduction of metal ions due to the liberated reducing electrons, (e-aq), in aqueous solutions which can be considered as direct reduction. Antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agent of wilt disease in cucumber was determined. Disease index percent, metabolic resistance indicators in cucumber plant as response to promotion of systemic resistance (SR) were recorded. Results illustrated that both Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H had antifungal activity against F. oxysporum in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibitory concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H were 0.25 and 0.125 mM, respectively. Application of Fe2O3 NPs-B (0.25 mM) and Fe2O3 NPs-H (0.125 mM) appeared highly reduced the cucumber wilt disease symptoms incidence caused by F. oxysporum, and recorded disease severity by 83.33%. Fe2O3 NPs-B was the best treatment reducing disease indexes by 20.83% and gave highly protection against wilt disease by 75.0% and came next Fe2O3 NPs-H which reduced disease indexes by 25% and gave 69.99% protection against disease. Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H treatments improved morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activities in both infected and non-infected plants. The beneficial effects of the Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H were extended to increase not only the total phenol, and total soluble protein content but also the activities of peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes of the healthy and infected cucumber plants in comparison with control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Giza, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Bassam M Al-Shammari
- Nutrtion Department, Al-Badaya General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Nofel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gobara
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
| | - Nerhan A Eid
- Plant Pathology Unit, Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong L, Lee H, Liu Z, Lee DS. Anti-Skin Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of the Neoflavonoid Latifolin Isolated from Dalbergia odorifera in HaCaT and BJ-5ta Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087371. [PMID: 37108534 PMCID: PMC10138365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the first line of defense in the body against external stimulation and injury. Inflammation and oxidative stress in skin cells are the initiators and promoters of several skin diseases. Latifolin is a natural flavonoid isolated from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of latifolin. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ (TNF-α/IFN-γ)-treated HaCaT cells, revealing that latifolin inhibited the secretion of Interleukin 6 (IL-6); Interleukin 8 (IL-8); Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secreted (RANTES); and Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) while decreasing the expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1). The results of western blots and immunofluorescence demonstrated that the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) cells signaling pathways were significantly inhibited by latifolin. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using t-BHP-induced BJ-5ta cells. Latifolin increased the viability of t-BHP-induced BJ-5ta cells. Additionally, fluorescent staining of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that the production of ROS was inhibited by latifolin. Additionally, latifolin reduced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. The results indicate that latifolin has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and may be a candidate natural compound for the treatment of skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hao R, Li M, Li F, Sun-Waterhouse D, Li D. Protective effects of the phenolic compounds from mung bean hull against H 2O 2-induced skin aging through alleviating oxidative injury and autophagy in HaCaT cells and HSF cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156669. [PMID: 35718184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To add value to food waste and seek skin aging suppressor, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water phenolic extracts were produced from mung bean hulls subjected to ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extraction. The four extracts all contained protocatechuic acid, isovitexin, vitexin, caffeic acid, 4-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid (revealed by UHPLC-MS/MS). The effects of the four extracts and their main phenolic compounds against H2O2-caused cell damage and aging in HaCaT and HSF cells were examined (including cell viability, ROS, MDA, SOD, GSH-px and β-galactosidase levels). The four extracts and the eight phenolic compounds exhibited different protective effects on H2O2-treated HaCaT/HSF cells viability, with the ethyl acetate extract among the extracts, and isovitexin and vitexin among the eight compounds, exerting the greatest protection. Therefore, isovitexin and vitexin may be the key oxidative stress and autophagy modulators of mung bean hull, and they inhibit skin aging and damage likely through suppressing Nrf2/keap1/HO-1 related oxidative damage and LC3II/p62/GATA4 related autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rili Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuksel Egrilmez M, Kocturk S, Aktan S, Oktay G, Resmi H, Simsek Keskin H, Guner Akdogan G, Ozkan S. Melatonin Prevents UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging by Inhibiting Oxidative Damage and MMP Expression through JNK/AP-1 Signaling Pathway in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070950. [PMID: 35888040 PMCID: PMC9322074 DOI: 10.3390/life12070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes damage to the skin and induces photoaging. UV irradiation stimulates production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which results in activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in fibroblasts. MAPKs are responsible for activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1), which subsequently upregulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger which is known to have photoprotective effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms for the photoprotective effects of melatonin in UVB-irradiated primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in terms of EGFR activation, oxidative/nitrosative damage, JNK/AP-1 activation, MMP activities, and the levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and type I procollagen (PIP-C). In this study, HDFs were pretreated with 1 μM of melatonin and then irradiated with 0.1 J/cm2 of UVB. Changes in the molecules were analyzed at different time points. Melatonin inhibited UVB-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress damage by reducing malondialdehyde, the ratio of oxidized/reduced glutathione, and nitrotyrosine. Melatonin downregulated UV-induced activation of EGFR and the JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway. UVB-induced activities of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were decreased and levels of TIMP-1 and PIP-C were increased by melatonin. These findings suggest that melatonin can protect against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by inhibiting MMP-1 and MMP-3 activity and increasing TIMP-1 and PIP-C levels, probably through the suppression of oxidative/nitrosative damage, EGFR, and JNK/AP-1 activation in HDFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Yuksel Egrilmez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Semra Kocturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.K.); (G.O.); (H.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Sebnem Aktan
- Department of Dermatological and Venereal Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.A.); (S.O.)
| | - Gulgun Oktay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.K.); (G.O.); (H.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Halil Resmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.K.); (G.O.); (H.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Hatice Simsek Keskin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
| | - Gul Guner Akdogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.K.); (G.O.); (H.R.); (G.G.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Ozkan
- Department of Dermatological and Venereal Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (S.A.); (S.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park C, Park J, Kim WJ, Kim W, Cheong H, Kim SJ. Malonic Acid Isolated from Pinus densiflora Inhibits UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050816. [PMID: 33799974 PMCID: PMC7961482 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is caused by exposure to various external factors. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces oxidative stress, photoaging, and inflammation in skin cells. Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. (red pine) has various antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of red pine on skin have rarely been reported. The protective effects of malonic acid (MA) isolated from Pinus densiflora were investigated against UVB-induced damage in an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). MA increased levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), resulting in a reduction in UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, the inhibition of ROS increased HaCaT cell survival rate. Thus, MA downregulated the expression of ROS-induced nuclear factor-κB, as well as inflammation-related cytokines (interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Furthermore, MA significantly suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1 signaling pathway and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9). In contrast, MA treatment increased the expression of collagen synthesis regulatory genes (COL1A1 and COL3A1) via regulation of Smad2/3 signal induction through transforming growth factor-β. In conclusion, MA protected against UVB-induced photoaging via suppression of skin inflammation and induction of collagen biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheolwoo Park
- The Garden of Natural Solution, Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do 18103, Korea;
| | - Jaeyoung Park
- HealthMED Co.Ltd., Gwangju 61021, Korea; (J.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Won-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Hyeonsook Cheong
- HealthMED Co.Ltd., Gwangju 61021, Korea; (J.P.); (H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.-J.K.); (W.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6664
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Diniyah N, Alam MB, Choi HJ, Lee SH. Lablab Purpureus Protects HaCaT Cells from Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death through Nrf2-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression via the Activation of p38 and ERK1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228583. [PMID: 33202535 PMCID: PMC7697790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation induces the extreme production of either reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of 70% ethanolic extract of Lablab purpureus (LPE) and the underlying mechanisms using HaCaT cells exposed to UV-B. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin in LPE. LPE was shown to have a very potent capacity to scavenge free radicals. The results showed that LPE prevented DNA damage and inhibited the generation of ROS in HaCaT cells without causing any toxicity. LPE increased the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase-1 and catalase. Furthermore, LPE treatment facilitates the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2), boosting the phase II detoxifying enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) leading to the combatting of oxidative stress. However, pretreatment of LPE also caused the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK kinase) (p38 kinase) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas treatment with p38 and ERK inhibitors substantially suppressed LPE-induced Nrf2 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. These findings suggest that LPE exhibits antioxidant activity via Nrf-2-mediated HO-1 signaling through the activation of p38 and ERK, indicating that LPE can potentially be used as a remedy to combat oxidative stress-induced disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurud Diniyah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.D.); (M.B.A.); (H.-J.C.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Jember, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.D.); (M.B.A.); (H.-J.C.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.D.); (M.B.A.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.D.); (M.B.A.); (H.-J.C.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7754
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Premi S. Role of Melanin Chemiexcitation in Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1305. [PMID: 32850409 PMCID: PMC7425655 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer. Human melanomas often show hyperactivity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which, respectively, generate nitric oxide (NO · ) and superoxide (O2 ·- ). The NO · and O2 - react instantly with each other to generate peroxynitrite (ONOO-) which is the driver of melanin chemiexcitation. Melanoma precursors, the melanocytes, are specialized skin cells that synthesize melanin, a potent shield against sunlight's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, melanin chemiexcitation paradoxically demonstrates the melanomagenic properties of melanin. In a loop, the NOS activity regulates melanin synthesis, and melanin is utilized by the chemiexcitation pathway to generate carcinogenic melanin-carbonyls in an excited triplet state. These carbonyl compounds induce UV-specific DNA damage without UV. Additionally, the carbonyl compounds are highly reactive and can make melanomagenic adducts with proteins, DNA and other biomolecules. Here we review the role of the melanin chemiexcitation pathway in melanoma initiation, progression, and drug resistance. We conclude by hypothesizing a non-classical, positive loop in melanoma where melanin chemiexcitation generates carcinogenic reactive carbonyl species (RCS) and DNA damage in normal melanocytes. In parallel, NOS and NOX regulate melanin synthesis generating raw material for chemiexcitation, and the resulting RCS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) regulate cellular proteome and transcriptome in favor of melanoma progression, metastasis, and resistance against targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Premi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li H, Sun T, Liu C, Cao Y, Liu X. Photobiomodulation (450 nm) alters the infection of periodontitis bacteria via the ROS/MAPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:838-853. [PMID: 32014500 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on periodontitis. A periodontitis model was established via Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in beagles. Mandibular second and third premolars were removed, and implants were positioned immediately after tooth extraction. Left gingiva was irradiated with PBM (450 nm) as the LG group, and right side without irradiation was regarded as the CG (control) group. PBM treatment increased oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO• and O2•-) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). PBM therapy increased salivary levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), interleukin (IL)-10, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (p < 0.05). All the results contributed to preventing periodontitis infection. PBM therapy improved bone mineral density and implant osseointegration by controlling dominant pathogens invasion via the upregulation of salivary anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defense by affecting ROS/RNS/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kinetic Cytokine Secretion Profile of LPS-Induced Inflammation in the Human Skin Organ Culture. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040299. [PMID: 32218380 PMCID: PMC7238050 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several in vitro models that mimic different aspects of local skin inflammation exist. The use of ex vivo human skin organ culture (HSOC) has been reported previously. However, comprehensive evaluation of the cytokine secretory capacity of the system and its kinetics has not been performed. Objective: the aim of the current study was to investigate the levels and secretion pattern of key cytokine from human skin tissue upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. HSOC maintained in an air–liquid interface was used. Epidermal and tissue viability was monitored by MTT and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay, respectively. Cytokine levels were examined by ELISA and multiplex array. HSOCs were treated without or with three different LPS subtypes and the impact on IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was evaluated. The compounds enhanced the secreted levels of both cytokines. However, differences were observed in their efficacy and potency. Next, a kinetic multiplex analysis was performed on LPS-stimulated explants taken from three different donors to evaluate the cytokine secretion pattern during 0–72 h post-induction. The results revealed that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and IL-1β were up-regulated by LPS stimuli. IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was also induced by LPS, but exhibited a different secretion pattern, peak time and maximal stimulation values. IL-1α and IL-15 showed donor-specific changes. Lastly, dexamethasone attenuated cytokine secretion in five independent repetitions, supporting the ability of the system to be used for drug screening. The collective results demonstrate that several cytokines can be used as valid inflammatory markers, regardless of changes in the secretion levels due to donor’s specific alterations.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chaudhuri RK, Meyer T, Premi S, Brash D. Acetyl zingerone: An efficacious multifunctional ingredient for continued protection against ongoing DNA damage in melanocytes after sun exposure ends. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 42:36-45. [PMID: 31538664 PMCID: PMC7004018 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recent research has shown that significant levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in DNA continue to form in melanocytes for several hours in the dark after exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) ends. We document the utility of a new multifunctional ingredient, 3‐(4‐hydroxy, 3‐methoxybenzyl)‐pentane‐2,4‐dione (INCI acetyl zingerone (AZ)), to protect melanocytes against CPD formation after UVR exposure ends. Methods The use of AZ as an intervention to reduce CPD formation after irradiation was assessed in vitro by comparing kinetic profiles of CPD formation for several hours after irradiation in cells that were untreated or treated with AZ immediately after irradiation. Multifunctional performance of AZ as an antioxidant, quencher and scavenger was established using industry‐standard in vitro chemical assays, and then, its efficacy in a more biological assay was confirmed by its in vitro ability to reduce intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in keratinocytes exposed to UVA radiation. Molecular photostability was assessed in solution during exposure to solar‐simulated UVR and compared with the conventional antioxidant α‐tocopherol. Results Even when added immediately after irradiation, AZ significantly inhibited ongoing formation of CPDs in melanocytes after exposure to UVA. Incubation with AZ before irradiation decreased intracellular levels of UVA‐induced ROS formation in keratinocytes. Compared with α‐tocopherol, the molecular structure of AZ endows it with significantly better photostability and efficacy to neutralize free radicals (∙OH, ∙OOH), physically quench singlet oxygen (1O2) and scavenge peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Conclusion These results designate AZ as a new type of multifunctional ingredient with strong potential to extend photoprotection of traditional sunscreens and daily skincare products over the first few hours after sun exposure ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaudhuri
- Sytheon Ltd., 315 Wootton Street, Boonton, NJ, 07005, USA
| | - T Meyer
- Sytheon Ltd., 315 Wootton Street, Boonton, NJ, 07005, USA
| | - S Premi
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - D Brash
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Santhakumaran I, Kesavan SS, Arumugam G. Asperyellone pretreatment protects HaCaT cells from UVB irradiation induced oxidative damages: Assessment under in vitro and in vivo conditions and at molecular level. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10715-10725. [PMID: 30693585 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the UVB protective role of Asperyellone (AY), a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus niger strain AN01. The in vitro UVB protective efficacy of AY was studied using the Human Epidermal keratinocytes cells (HaCaT) cell line. The results suggest the appreciable scavenging of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species in the AY-pretreated cells compared with UVB control. Experimental results on the antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, SOD, LPO, and GPx) profile, histochemical, and molecular analyses support the UVB protective effect of AY in HaCaT cells. Further, the in vivo UVB protective efficacy of AY was studied using animal models and compared with that of commercially available UVB protective agents. Physical, biochemical, and molecular analyses of skin samples emphasized the UVB protective role of AY. Thus, the important beneficial effects of AY have been explored in the present study.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee H, Hong Y, Tran Q, Cho H, Kim M, Kim C, Kwon SH, Park S, Park J, Park J. A new role for the ginsenoside RG3 in antiaging via mitochondria function in ultraviolet-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:431-441. [PMID: 31308815 PMCID: PMC6606973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of ginseng, the representative product of Korea, and its chemical effects have been well investigated. The ginsenoside RG3 has been reported to exhibit apoptotic, anticancer, and antidepressant-like effects. Methods In this report, the putative effect of RG3 on several cellular function including cell survival, differentiation, development and aging process were evaluated by monitoring each specific marker. Also, mitochondrial morphology and function were investigated in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblast cells. Results RG3 treatment increased the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, growth-associated immediate-early genes, and cell proliferation genes in UV-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblast cells. And, RG3 also resulted in enhanced expression of antioxidant proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor-2 and heme oxygenase-1. In addition, RG3 affects the morphology of UV-induced mitochondria and plays a role in protecting mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusioin RG3 restores mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and membrane potential via its antioxidant effects in skin cells damaged by UV irradiation, leading to an increase in proteins linked with the extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, and antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - SungJin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao X, Qi Y, Yi R, Park KY. Anti-ageing skin effects of Korean bamboo salt on SKH1 hairless mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 103:1-13. [PMID: 30053505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bamboo salt is generated by baking bamboo and sea salt and is used as a traditional food or medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-ageing skin effects of Korean bamboo salt and to compare the antioxidant, anti-ageing and anti-inflammatory effects of various salts, including purified salt, solar salt, bath solar salt, Masada solar salt, 1-time baked bamboo salt (1× bamboo salt), and 9-times baked bamboo salt (9× bamboo salt). Based on the content of mineral elements, pH, OH groups and redox potential amperometric analysis, the 9× bamboo salt showed the most antioxidant components and characteristics compared to the other salts. The in vitro results showed that the 9× bamboo salt could inhibit oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment in HaCaT keratinocytes, and its effect was better than that of the other salts. In an in vivo experiment, SHK-1 hairless mice were treated with UV (ultraviolet) radiation to induce ageing. The epidermal thickness and epidermal structures were then assessed by phenotypic and histological analyses. The 0.2% 9× bamboo salt- and 1× bamboo salt-treated mice had a thinner epidermis than the control mice, and the sebaceous glands were almost intact with a regular arrangement that was similar to those in the normal group. Compared with the UV-treated group (control group) and other salt-treated groups, the 9× bamboo salt- and 1× bamboo salt-treated groups had higher dermal collagen and elastic fibre content. Fewer mast cells were observed in the 9× bamboo salt- and 1× bamboo salt-treated groups than in the control group. The activities of the skin antioxidant-related enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the 9× bamboo salt- and 1× bamboo salt-treated groups were higher than those in other groups and similar to those in the normal group, but lipid peroxide (LPO) activity and carbonylated protein levels showed the opposite trends. Furthermore, the 9× bamboo salt- and 1× bamboo salt-treated groups had protein contents similar to those of the normal group. In addition, the 9× bamboo salt and 1× bamboo salt effectively down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and up-regulated the expression of tissue inhibitor expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), SOD and CAT compared to the other salts at a concentration of 0.2% (p < 0.05). These results suggest that at appropriate concentrations, bamboo salt could prevent skin ageing induced by ultraviolet radiation b (UVB) photodamage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Yongcai Qi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Gyeongghi-do, 487-010, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Balke J, Volz P, Neumann F, Brodwolf R, Wolf A, Pischon H, Radbruch M, Mundhenk L, Gruber AD, Ma N, Alexiev U. Visualizing Oxidative Cellular Stress Induced by Nanoparticles in the Subcytotoxic Range Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800310. [PMID: 29726099 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles hold a great promise in biomedical science. However, due to their unique physical and chemical properties they can lead to overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). As an important mechanism of nanotoxicity, there is a great need for sensitive and high-throughput adaptable single-cell ROS detection methods. Here, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is employed for single-cell ROS detection (FLIM-ROX) providing increased sensitivity and enabling high-throughput analysis in fixed and live cells. FLIM-ROX owes its sensitivity to the discrimination of autofluorescence from the unique fluorescence lifetime of the ROS reporter dye. The effect of subcytotoxic amounts of cationic gold nanoparticles in J774A.1 cells and primary human macrophages on ROS generation is investigated. FLIM-ROX measures very low ROS levels upon gold nanoparticle exposure, which is undetectable by the conventional method. It is demonstrated that cellular morphology changes, elevated senescence, and DNA damage link the resulting low-level oxidative stress to cellular adverse effects and thus nanotoxicity. Multiphoton FLIM-ROX enables the quantification of spatial ROS distribution in vivo, which is shown for skin tissue as a target for nanoparticle exposure. Thus, this innovative method allows identifying of low-level ROS in vitro and in vivo and, subsequently, promotes understanding of ROS-associated nanotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Balke
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalllee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalllee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalllee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute-Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalllee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Pischon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertagstraße 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Radbruch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertagstraße 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertagstraße 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertagstraße 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Institut für Biomaterialforschung Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalllee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute-Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carpenter EL, Le MN, Miranda CL, Reed RL, Stevens JF, Indra AK, Ganguli-Indra G. Photoprotective Properties of Isothiocyanate and Nitrile Glucosinolate Derivatives From Meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba) Against UVB Irradiation in Human Skin Equivalent. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:477. [PMID: 29867483 PMCID: PMC5962701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the skin leads to numerous dermatological concerns including skin cancer and accelerated aging. Natural product glucosinolate derivatives, like sulforaphane, have been shown to exhibit chemopreventive and photoprotective properties. In this study, we examined meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) glucosinolate derivatives, 3-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate (MBITC) and 3-methoxyphenyl acetonitrile (MPACN), for their activity in protecting against the consequences of UV exposure. To that end, we have exposed human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HPEKs) and 3D human skin reconstructed in vitro (EpiDermTM FT-400) to UVB insult and investigated whether MBITC and MPACN treatment ameliorated the harmful effects of UVB damage. Activity was determined by the compounds’ efficacy in counteracting UVB-induced DNA damage, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and proliferation. We found that in monolayer cultures of HPEK, MBITC and MPACN did not protect against a UVB-induced loss in proliferation and MBITC itself inhibited cell proliferation. However, in human reconstructed skin-equivalents, MBITC and MPACN decrease epidermal cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and significantly reduce total phosphorylated γH2A.X levels. Both MBITC and MPACN inhibit UVB-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression indicating their role to prevent photoaging. Both compounds, and MPACN in particular, showed activity against UVB-induced proliferation as indicated by fewer epidermal PCNA+ cells and prevented UVB-induced hyperplasia as determined by a reduction in reconstructed skin epidermal thickness (ET). These data demonstrate that MBITC and MPACN exhibit promising anti-photocarcinogenic and anti-photoaging properties in the skin microenvironment and could be used for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Mai N Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ralph L Reed
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mignon C, Uzunbajakava NE, Castellano-Pellicena I, Botchkareva NV, Tobin DJ. Differential response of human dermal fibroblast subpopulations to visible and near-infrared light: Potential of photobiomodulation for addressing cutaneous conditions. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:859-882. [PMID: 29665018 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of photobiomodulation (PBM), demonstrating encouraging results for the treatment of cutaneous disorders. Confidence in this approach, however, is impaired not only by a lack of understanding of the light-triggered molecular cascades but also by the significant inconsistency in published experimental outcomes, design of the studies and applied optical parameters. This study aimed at characterizing the response of human dermal fibroblast subpopulations to visible and near-infrared (NIR) light in an attempt to identify the optical treatment parameters with high potential to address deficits in aging skin and non-healing chronic wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human reticular and papillary dermal fibroblasts (DF) were isolated from the surplus of post-surgery human facial skin. An in-house developed LED-based device was used to irradiate cell cultures using six discrete wavelengths (450, 490, 550, 590, 650, and 850 nm). Light dose-response at a standard oxygen concentration (20%) at all six wavelengths was evaluated in terms of cell metabolic activity. This was followed by an analysis of the transcriptome and procollagen I production at a protein level, where cells were cultured in conditions closer to in vivo at 2% environmental oxygen and 2% serum. Furthermore, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was accessed using real-time fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging. Here, production of ROS in the presence or absence of antioxidants, as well as the cellular localization of ROS, was evaluated. RESULTS In terms of metabolic activity, consecutive irradiation with short-wavelength light (⇐530 nm) exerted an inhibitory effect on DF, while longer wavelengths (>=590 nm) had essentially a neutral effect. Cell behavior following treatment with 450 nm was biphasic with two distinct states: inhibitory at low- to mid- dose levels (<=30 J/cm2 ), and cytotoxic at higher dose levels (>30 J/cm2 ). Cell response to blue light was accompanied by a dose-dependent release of ROS that was localized in the perinuclear area close to mitochondria, which was attenuated by an antioxidant. Overall, reticular DFs exhibited a greater sensitivity to light treatment at the level of gene expression than did papillary DFs, with more genes significantly up- or down- regulated. At the intra-cellular signaling pathway level, the up- or down- regulation of vital pathways was observed only for reticular DF, after treatment with 30 J/cm2 of blue light. At the cellular level, short visible wavelengths exerted a greater inhibitory effect on reticular DF. Several genes involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway were also affected. In addition, procollagen I production was inhibited. By contrast, 850 nm near-infrared (NIR) light (20 J/cm2 ) exerted a stimulatory metabolic effect in these cells, with no detectable intracellular ROS formation. Here too, reticular DF were more responsive than papillary DF. This stimulatory effect was only observed under in vivo-like low oxygen conditions, corresponding to normal dermal tissue oxygen levels (approximately 2%). CONCLUSION This study highlights a differential impact of light on human skin cells with upregulation of metabolic activity with NIR light, and inhibition of pro-collagen production and proliferation in response to blue light. These findings open-up new avenues for developing therapies for different cutaneous conditions (e.g., treatment of keloids and fibrosis) or differential therapy at distinct stages of wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:859-882, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mignon
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Irene Castellano-Pellicena
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, United-Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Osseiran S, Roider EM, Wang H, Suita Y, Murphy M, Fisher DE, Evans CL. Non-Euclidean phasor analysis for quantification of oxidative stress in ex vivo human skin exposed to sun filters using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-10. [PMID: 29222855 PMCID: PMC5722918 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.125004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical sun filters are commonly used as active ingredients in sunscreens due to their efficient absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Yet, it is known that these compounds can photochemically react with UV light and generate reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in vitro, though this has yet to be validated in vivo. One label-free approach to probe oxidative stress is to measure and compare the relative endogenous fluorescence generated by cellular coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides and flavin adenine dinucleotides. However, chemical sun filters are fluorescent, with emissive properties that contaminate endogenous fluorescent signals. To accurately distinguish the source of fluorescence in ex vivo skin samples treated with chemical sun filters, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data were processed on a pixel-by-pixel basis using a non-Euclidean separation algorithm based on Mahalanobis distance and validated on simulated data. Applying this method, ex vivo samples exhibited a small oxidative shift when exposed to sun filters alone, though this shift was much smaller than that imparted by UV irradiation. Given the need for investigative tools to further study the clinical impact of chemical sun filters in patients, the reported methodology may be applied to visualize chemical sun filters and measure oxidative stress in patients' skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Osseiran
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elisabeth M. Roider
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hequn Wang
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yusuke Suita
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Murphy
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David E. Fisher
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Conor L. Evans, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Djiadeu P, Azzouz D, Khan MA, Kotra LP, Sweezey N, Palaniyar N. Ultraviolet irradiation increases green fluorescence of dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123: false-positive results for reactive oxygen species generation. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00303. [PMID: 28357129 PMCID: PMC5368967 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123 is a fluorophore commonly used for measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), often after exposing cells to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or oxidative burst inducers such as Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). However, the negative effects of UV irradiation on oxidation of DHR123 itself to green fluorescence rhodamine (R) 123 under different experimental conditions (e.g., different buffers, media, cells, ROS detection techniques) have not been fully appreciated. We determined the effect of UV on DHR123 fluorescence, using a cell‐free system, and A549 epithelial cells, NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells, Jurkat T cells, primary human T cells, HL‐60 neutrophils and primary human neutrophils. We found that UV irradiation rapidly increases green fluorescence of DHR123 in cell‐free solutions. The intensity of green fluorescence increases with increasing amounts of DHR123 and UV exposure. The fluorescence increase was greater in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI) than DMEM media. The presence of DMSO (0–1.25%, v/v) in RPMI further increases the fluorescence signal. Phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) generate considerable background signal with DHR123, and increasing DMSO concentration greatly increases the fluorescence signal in these buffers. However, after UV irradiation the amount of DHR123 that remains unoxidized generates sufficient fluorescence signal to measure the ROS produced by H2O2 and peroxidase in vitro or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase‐mediated ROS production within HL‐60 neutrophils or primary human neutrophils. We conclude that UV irradiation oxidizes DHR123 to generate Rhodamine 123 (R123) green fluorescence signal, and that the R123 present in the culture supernatant could give erroneous results in plate reader assays. However, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy reliably detect ROS in cells such as neutrophils. Overall, avoiding false‐positive results when detecting ROS using DHR123 requires selection of, agonists, the correct buffers, media, cell types, and measurement techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Djiadeu
- Innate Immunity Research Laboratory Physiology and Experimental Medicine Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning The Hospital for Sick Children 686 Bay St Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 0A4; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Dhia Azzouz
- Innate Immunity Research Laboratory Physiology and Experimental Medicine Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning The Hospital for Sick Children 686 Bay St Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 0A4; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Meraj A Khan
- Innate Immunity Research Laboratory Physiology and Experimental Medicine Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning The Hospital for Sick Children 686 Bay St Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 0A4
| | - Lakshmi P Kotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Neil Sweezey
- Innate Immunity Research Laboratory Physiology and Experimental Medicine Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning The Hospital for Sick Children 686 Bay St Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 0A4; Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1X8; Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Innate Immunity Research Laboratory Physiology and Experimental Medicine Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning The Hospital for Sick Children 686 Bay St Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 0A4; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1X8; Institute of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1X8
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhu X, Li N, Wang Y, Ding L, Chen H, Yu Y, Shi X. Protective effects of quercetin on UVB irradiation-induced cytotoxicity through ROS clearance in keratinocyte cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:209-218. [PMID: 27840962 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
24
|
Goh AR, Youn GS, Yoo KY, Won MH, Han SZ, Lim SS, Lee KW, Choi SY, Park J. Aronia melanocarpa Concentrate Ameliorates Pro-Inflammatory Responses in HaCaT Keratinocytes and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Ear Edema in Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:654-62. [PMID: 27331630 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cell adhesion molecules and cytokines has been implicated in various inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Aronia melanocarpa concentrate (AC) and its action mechanisms using in vivo and in vitro skin inflammation models. Topical application of AC on mouse ears significantly suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema formation, as judged by measuring ear thickness and weight, and histological analysis. Topical administration of AC also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in TPA-stimulated mouse ears. Pretreatment with AC suppressed TNF-α-induced ICAM-I expression and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. In addition, AC significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells. AC and its constituent cyanidin 3-glucoside also attenuated TNF-α-induced IKK activation, IκB degradation, p65 phosphorylation/nuclear translocation, and p65 DNA binding activity in HaCaT cells. Overall, our results indicate that AC exerts anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo possibly through suppression of ROS-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathways. Therefore, AC may be developed as a therapeutic agent to treat various inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gi Soo Youn
- 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Yoo
- 2 Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung, Korea
| | - Moo Ho Won
- 3 Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Zin Han
- 4 Department of Life Science, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- 5 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Keun Wook Lee
- 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chan CF, Zhou Y, Guo H, Zhang J, Jiang L, Chen W, Shiu KK, Wong WK, Wong KL. pH-Dependent Cancer-Directed Photodynamic Therapy by a Water-Soluble Graphitic-Phase Carbon Nitride-Porphyrin Nanoprobe. Chempluschem 2016; 81:535-540. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fai Chan
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Department of Physics; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Department of Physics; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76019 USA
| | - Kwok-Keung Shiu
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fernando PMDJ, Piao MJ, Kang KA, Ryu YS, Hewage SRKM, Chae SW, Hyun JW. Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Cell Damage against UVB Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress via Enhancing Antioxidant Effects in Human HaCaT Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:75-84. [PMID: 26759705 PMCID: PMC4703356 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. RA exerted a significant cytoprotective effect by scavenging intracellular ROS induced by UVB. RA also attenuated UVB-induced oxidative macromolecular damage, including protein carbonyl content, DNA strand breaks, and the level of 8-isoprostane. Furthermore, RA increased the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and their transcription factor Nrf2, which are decreased by UVB radiation. Collectively, these data indicate that RA can provide substantial cytoprotection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating cellular antioxidant systems, and has potential to be developed as a medical agent for ROS-induced skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sung Wook Chae
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim JE, Roh E, Lee MH, Yu DH, Kim DJ, Lim TG, Jung SK, Peng C, Cho YY, Dickinson S, Alberts D, Bowden GT, Einspahr J, Stratton SP, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Bode AM, Lee KW, Dong Z. Fyn is a redox sensor involved in solar ultraviolet light-induced signal transduction in skin carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2015; 35:4091-101. [PMID: 26686094 PMCID: PMC4916055 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) light is a major etiological factor in skin carcinogenesis, with solar UV-stimulated signal transduction inducing pathological changes and skin damage. The primary sensor of solar UV-induced cellular signaling has not been identified. We use an experimental system of solar simulated light (SSL) to mimic solar UV and we demonstrate that Fyn is a primary redox sensor involved in SSL-induced signal transduction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by SSL exposure directly oxidize Cys488 of Fyn, resulting in increased Fyn kinase activity. Fyn oxidation was increased in mouse skin after SSL exposure, and Fyn knockout (Fyn−/−) mice formed larger and more tumors compared to Fyn wildtype mice when exposed to SSL for an extended period of time. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Fyn as well as cells in which Fyn expression was knocked down were resistant to SSL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, cells expressing mutant Fyn (C448A) were resistant to SSL-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that Fyn acts as a regulatory nexus between solar UV, ROS and signal transduction during skin carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-E Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - E Roh
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - M H Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,China-US Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhenzhou, Henan, China
| | - D H Yu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - D J Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - T-G Lim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Division of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Jung
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - C Peng
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Y-Y Cho
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S Dickinson
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D Alberts
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - G T Bowden
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J Einspahr
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S P Stratton
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - A M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Z Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ham SA, Hwang JS, Kang ES, Yoo T, Lim HH, Lee WJ, Paek KS, Seo HG. Ethanol extract of Dalbergia odorifera protects skin keratinocytes against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging by suppressing production of reactive oxygen species. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:760-6. [PMID: 25560618 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.993916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (Leguminosae), an indigenous medicinal herb, has been widely used in northern and eastern Asia to treat diverse diseases. Here, we investigated the anti-senescent effects of ethanolic extracts of Dalbergia odorifera (EEDO) in ultraviolet (UV) B-irradiated skin cells. EEDO significantly inhibited UVB-induced senescence of human keratinocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, concomitant with inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. UVB-induced increases in the levels of p53 and p21, biomarkers of cellular senescence, were almost completely abolished in the presence of EEDO. Sativanone, a major constituent of EEDO, also attenuated UVB-induced senescence and ROS generation in keratinocytes, indicating that sativanone is an indexing (marker) molecule for the anti-senescence properties of EEDO. Finally, treatment of EEDO to mice exposed to UVB significantly reduced ROS levels and the number of senescent cells in the skin. Thus, EEDO confers resistance to UVB-induced cellular senescence by inhibiting ROS generation in skin cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Ham
- a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rodriguez-Vallecillo E, Woodbury-Fariña MA. Dermatological manifestations of stress in normal and psychiatric populations. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2014; 37:625-51. [PMID: 25455069 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the way stress affects the skin, both at the molecular level, where the skin has an intricate connection to the neurocutaneous and immune systems, and at the clinical level. The concept of psychodermatology is reviewed with regard to the way skin reacts to stress, how stress is a trigger for several common skin diseases, and how neuropsychiatric disorders may have skin manifestations. The article is directed at making the dermatologist, the psychiatrist, the psychologist, and the primary physician familiar with the brain-skin mechanisms involved in stress and the resultant clinical expressions on the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Rodriguez-Vallecillo
- Private Practice, 29 Washington Street, Suite 507, San Juan, PR 00907, USA; Dermatology, HIMA San Pablo Hospital, Sta. Cruz Street, Bayamon, PR 00961, USA.
| | - Michel A Woodbury-Fariña
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, 307 Calle Eleonor Roosevelt, San Juan, PR 00918-2720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Briganti S, Flori E, Bellei B, Picardo M. Modulation of PPARγ provides new insights in a stress induced premature senescence model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104045. [PMID: 25101957 PMCID: PMC4125176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) may be involved in a key mechanism of the skin aging process, influencing several aspects related to the age-related degeneration of skin cells, including antioxidant unbalance. Therefore, we investigated whether the up-modulation of this nuclear receptor exerts a protective effect in a stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model based on a single exposure of human dermal fibroblasts to 8-methoxypsoralen plus + ultraviolet-A-irradiation (PUVA). Among possible PPARγ modulators, we selected 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid (Octa), a member of the parrodiene family, previously reported to promote melanogenesis and antioxidant defense in normal human melanocytes through a mechanism involving PPARγ activation. Exposure to PUVA induced an early and significant decrease in PPARγ expression and activity. PPARγ up-modulation counteracted the antioxidant imbalance induced by PUVA and reduced the expression of stress response genes with a synergistic increase of different components of the cell antioxidant network, such as catalase and reduced glutathione. PUVA-treated fibroblasts grown in the presence of Octa are partially but significantly rescued from the features of the cellular senescence-like phenotype, such as cytoplasmic enlargement, the expression of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase, matrix-metalloproteinase-1, and cell cycle proteins. Moreover, the alterations in the cell membrane lipids, such as the decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of phospholipids and the increase in cholesterol levels, which are typical features of cell aging, were prevented. Our data suggest that PPARγ is one of the targets of PUVA-SIPS and that its pharmacological up-modulation may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the photooxidative skin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Piao MJ, Ahn MJ, Kang KA, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Kang HK, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Phloroglucinol inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced oxidative stress in the mouse skin. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:928-35. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
32
|
Yew E, Rowlands C, So PTC. Application of Multiphoton Microscopy in Dermatological Studies: a Mini-Review. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2014; 7:1330010. [PMID: 25075226 PMCID: PMC4112132 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545813300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the historical and more recent developments of multiphoton microscopy, as applied to dermatology. Multiphoton microscopy offers several advantages over competing microscopy techniques: there is an inherent axial sectioning, penetration depths that compete well with confocal microscopy on account of the use of near-infrared light, and many two-photon contrast mechanisms, such as second-harmonic generation, have no analogue in one-photon microscopy. While the penetration depths of photons into tissue are typically limited on the order of hundreds of microns, this is of less concern in dermatology, as the skin is thin and readily accessible. As a result, multiphoton microscopy in dermatology has generated a great deal of interest, much of which is summarized here. The review covers the interaction of light and tissue, as well as the various considerations that must be made when designing an instrument. The state of multiphoton microscopy in imaging skin cancer and various other diseases is also discussed, along with the investigation of aging and regeneration phenomena, and finally, the use of multiphoton microscopy to analyze the transdermal transport of drugs, cosmetics and other agents is summarized. The review concludes with a look at potential future research directions, especially those that are necessary to push these techniques into widespread clinical acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Yew
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 CREATE Way CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
| | - Christopher Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 CREATE Way CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
- Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- GR Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fauss EK, MacCuspie RI, Oyanedel-Craver V, Smith JA, Swami NS. Disinfection action of electrostatic versus steric-stabilized silver nanoparticles on E. coli under different water chemistries. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 113:77-84. [PMID: 24060931 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The capping layer stabilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) affects its aggregation, dissolution, and net disinfection action, especially under conditions of varying water composition, such as, pH, ionic strength and organic matter content. Herein, we correlate the silver ion (Ag(+)) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation rates for AgNPs of varying functionalization to their net disinfection coefficient on Escherichia coli, under conditions of differing water chemistries. For electrostatically stabilized citrate-capped AgNPs, the rate of ROS generation, as measured using a fluorescent dye, is found to dominate over that of Ag(+) release, especially for smaller sized AgNP suspensions (~10nm) at low pH (~6.2). For these AgNPs, the ROS disinfection mechanism is confirmed to dominate net disinfection action, as measured by the live/dead assay, especially at low levels of organic matter. Steric stabilization of AgNPs by protein or starch-capped layers enables disinfection through reducing AgNP aggregation and promoting silver dissolution over ROS generation. We suggest the involvement of protons and dissolved oxygen in causing the independent formation of Ag(+) and ROS, regardless of the AgNP capping layer. While protein-capping layers effectively stabilize AgNPs, the generated ROS is likely dissipated by interference with the bulky capping layer, whereas the interference is lower with citrate-capping layers. Steric stabilization of AgNPs enables disinfection within a wide range of water chemistries, whereas effective disinfection can occur under electrostatic stabilization, only at low NaCl (<1 mmol/L) and organic matter (<5 mg/L) levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Fauss
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Robert I MacCuspie
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, MD, United States
| | - Vinka Oyanedel-Craver
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - James A Smith
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ligand-activated PPARδ inhibits UVB-induced senescence of human keratinocytes via PTEN-mediated inhibition of superoxide production. Biochem J 2012; 444:27-38. [PMID: 22335598 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UV radiation-mediated photodamage to the skin has been implicated in premature aging and photoaging-related skin cancer and melanoma. Little is known about the cellular events that underlie premature senescence, or how to impede these events. In the present study we demonstrate that PPARδ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor δ) regulates UVB-induced premature senescence of normal keratinocytes. Activation of PPARδ by GW501516, a specific ligand of PPARδ, significantly attenuated UVB-mediated generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and suppressed senescence of human keratinocytes. Ligand-activated PPARδ up-regulated the expression of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) and suppressed the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt pathway. Concomitantly, translocation of Rac1 to the plasma membrane, which leads to the activation of NADPH oxidases and generation of ROS, was significantly attenuated. siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated knockdown of PTEN abrogated the effects of PPARδ on cellular senescence, on PI3K/Akt/Rac1 signalling and on generation of ROS in keratinocytes exposed to UVB. Finally, when HR-1 hairless mice were treated with GW501516 before exposure to UVB, the number of senescent cells in the skin was significantly reduced. Thus ligand-activated PPARδ confers resistance to UVB-induced cellular senescence by up-regulating PTEN and thereby modulating PI3K/Akt/Rac1 signalling to reduce ROS generation in keratinocytes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Fernandez TL, Dawson RA, Van Lonkhuyzen DR, Kimlin MG, Upton Z. A tan in a test tube -in vitro models for investigating ultraviolet radiation-induced damage in skin. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:404-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
36
|
Powers KW, Carpinone PL, Siebein KN. Characterization of nanomaterials for toxicological studies. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 926:13-32. [PMID: 22975954 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community, regulatory agencies, environmentalists, and most industry representatives all agree that more effort is required to ensure the responsible and safe development of new nanotechnologies. Characterizing nanomaterials is a key aspect in this effort. There is no universally agreed upon minimum set of characteristics although certain common properties are included in most recommendations. Therefore, characterization becomes more like a puzzle put together with various measurements rather than a single straightforward analytical measurement. In this chapter, we emphasize and illustrate the important elements of nanoparticle characterization with a systematic approach to physicochemical characterization. We start with an overview describing the properties that are most significant to toxicological testing along with suggested methods for characterizing an as-received nanomaterial and then specifically address the measurement of size, surface properties, and imaging.
Collapse
|
37
|
Vilela FMP, Fonseca YM, Jabor JR, Vicentini FTMC, Fonseca MJV. Effect of ultraviolet filters on skin superoxide dismutase activity in hairless mice after a single dose of ultraviolet radiation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:387-92. [PMID: 22036989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organic sunscreens may decrease their protective capability and also behave as photo-oxidants upon ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. The present study investigated the effect of a cream gel formulation containing the UV filters benzophenone-3, octyl methoxycinnamate, and octyl salicylate on skin superoxide dismutase (SOD) after a single dose of UVR (2.87 J/cm(2)). The retention of these UV filters was first evaluated in vivo using hairless mice to guarantee the presence of the filters in the skin layers at the moment of irradiation. The in vivo effect of the UV filters on skin SOD was then assayed spectrophotometrically via the reduction of cytochrome c. The cream gel formulation promoted the penetration of the three UV filters into the epidermis and the dermis at one hour post-application. A significant decrease in SOD activity was observed in irradiated animals treated with sunscreen formulation. However, no effect on SOD activity in skin was observed by the isolated presence of the sunscreens, the formulation components, or the exposure to UVR. The sunscreens may have formed degradation products under UVR that may have either inhibited the enzyme or generated reactive species in the skin.
Collapse
|
38
|
Portugal-Cohen M, Soroka Y, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Verkhovsky L, Brégégère FM, Neuman R, Kohen R, Milner Y. Skin organ culture as a model to study oxidative stress, inflammation and structural alterations associated with UVB-induced photodamage. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:749-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
39
|
Murapa P, Dai J, Chung M, Mumper RJ, D'Orazio J. Anthocyanin-rich fractions of blackberry extracts reduce UV-induced free radicals and oxidative damage in keratinocytes. Phytother Res 2011; 26:106-12. [PMID: 21567508 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hull blackberries were purified using solid phase extraction to obtain anthocyanin-rich methanol fractions. This method concentrated phenolics and anthocyanins, recovering 97% and 76% of the total yield in puree or powder extracts, respectively, which represented a 24-63 fold increase of the total antioxidant capacity when compared with either the water fraction or the original extract. The ability of these fractions to protect primary keratinocytes against UV-induced oxidative damage was assessed. Anthocyanin-rich methanol fractions derived from either blackberry powder or puree exhibited strong antioxidant properties, protecting against UV-induced ROS nearly as efficiently as N-acetyl cysteine. Furthermore, the fractions up-regulated the expression of catalase, MnSOD, Gpx1/2 and Gsta1 antioxidant enzymes. Thus, it is concluded that blackberry extracts may protect keratinocytes against UV-mediated oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patience Murapa
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rand AA, Barclay LRC. Photo-oxidations initiated by UV radiation of urocanic acid and its methyl ester in solution, micelles, and lipid bilayers: TYPE I (free radical) or TYPE II (singlet oxygen) mechanisms depend on the medium. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
41
|
Beaumont KA, Liu YY, Sturm RA. The melanocortin-1 receptor gene polymorphism and association with human skin cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2009; 88:85-153. [PMID: 20374726 DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1173(09)88004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) is a key gene involved in the regulation of melanin synthesis and encodes a G-protein coupled receptor expressed on the surface of the melanocyte in the skin and hair follicles. MC1R activation after ultraviolet radiation exposure results in the production of the dark eumelanin pigment and the tanning process in humans, providing physical protection against DNA damage. The MC1R gene is highly polymorphic in Caucasian populations with a number of MC1R variant alleles associated with red hair, fair skin, freckling, poor tanning, and increased risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Variant receptors have shown alterations in biochemical function, largely due to intracellular retention or impaired G-protein coupling, but retain some signaling ability. The association of MC1R variant alleles with skin cancer risk remains after correction for pigmentation phenotype, indicating regulation of nonpigmentary pathways. Notably, MC1R activation has been linked to DNA repair and may also contribute to the regulation of immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Beaumont
- Melanogenix Group, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Recent advances in the use of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) in skin microscopy are presented. Nonresonant spectroscopies including second harmonic generation, coherent anti-Stokes Raman and two-photon absorption are described and applications to problems in skin biology are detailed. These nonlinear techniques have several advantages over traditional microscopy methods that rely on one-photon excitation: intrinsic 3D imaging with <1 microm spatial resolution, decreased photodamage to tissue samples and penetration depths up to 1,000 microm with the use of near-infrared lasers. Thanks to these advantages, nonlinear optical spectroscopy has become a powerful tool to study the physical and biochemical properties of the skin. Structural information can be obtained using the response of endogenous chemical species in the skin, such as collagen or lipids, indicating that optical biopsy may replace current invasive, time-consuming traditional histology methods. Insertion of specific probe molecules into the skin provides the opportunity to monitor specific biochemical processes such as skin transport, molecular penetration, barrier homeostasis and ultraviolet radiation-induced reactive oxygen species generation. While the field is quite new, it seems likely that the use of NLOM to probe structure and biochemistry of live skin samples will only continue to grow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Touitou E, Godin B. Skin nonpenetrating sunscreens for cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Clin Dermatol 2008; 26:375-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
44
|
Wunderlich L, Paragh G, Wikonkál NM, Bánhegyi G, Kárpáti S, Mandl J. UVB induces a biphasic response of HIF-1α in cultured human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:335-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
45
|
Oyamada C, Kaneniwa M, Ebitani K, Murata M, Ishihara K. Mycosporine-like amino acids extracted from scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) ovaries: UV protection and growth stimulation activities on human cells. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 10:141-150. [PMID: 18157682 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-007-9043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) are extensively cultured and landed in Japan. During the processing of scallops, large amounts of internal organs and shells are discharged as industrial wastes. To reduce the burden on the environment, effective utilization and disposal methods of the wastes are required. Therefore, we have screened for useful materials in scallop internal organs, and found ultraviolet (UV) absorbing compounds from scallop ovaries. Based on UV absorption, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ESI-MS/MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, three UV absorbing compounds were identified as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs): shinorine, porphyra-334 (P-334), and mycosporine-glycine. To investigate whether MAAs can act as a UV protector for human cells, we examined the protective effects of the three MAAs on human fibroblast cells from UV irradiation. All of the three examined MAAs protected the cells from UV-induced cell death. In particular, mycosporine-glycine had the strongest effect. Further, we found a promotion effect of MAAs on the proliferation of human skin fibroblast cells. From these results, it was found that the three MAAs isolated from scallop ovaries have a protective effect on human cells against UV light. MAAs have potential applications in cosmetics and toiletries as a UV protectors and activators of cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Oyamada
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Kanagawa, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Almeida IF, Fernandes E, Lima JLFC, Costa PC, Bahia MF. Protective effect of Castanea sativa and Quercus robur leaf extracts against oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2008; 91:87-95. [PMID: 18337113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Topical natural antioxidants are a useful strategy for the prevention of photoaging and oxidative stress mediated skin diseases. In view of this underlying principle, the screening of natural plant extracts with scavenging activity for pro-oxidant reactive species is a primary requirement for the development of new topical antioxidant formulations. In the present study, an ethanol:water (7:3) extract from Castanea sativa leaves and a ethanol:water (2:3) extract from Quercus robur leaves were evaluated for their putative in vitro scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) namely superoxide radical (O(2)(-)), hydroxyl radical (HO()), peroxyl radical (ROO()), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) as well as on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) namely nitric oxide (()NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). The extracts presented a high potency to scavenge the tested reactive species, all the IC(50)s being found at the microg/mL level. IC(50)s (mean+/-SE) for the ROS O(2)(-),HO(),H(2)O(2) and (1)O(2) were 13.6+/-1.8; 216+/-4; 410+/-8; 12.3+/-0.7 microug/mL, respectively, for C. sativa, and 11.0+/-0.5; 285+/-22; 251+/-32; 7.90+/-0.56 microg/mL, respectively, for Q. robur. The ORAC values obtained for ROO() were 1.24+/-0.13 for C. sativa and 1.09+/-0.06 for Q. robur. The IC(50)s (mean+/-SE) for ()NO and ONOO(-) were 3.10+/-0.14 and 1.49+/-0.10 microg/mL, respectively, for C. sativa and 3.13+/-0.11 and 0.95+/-0.02 microg/mL, respectively, for Q. robur. The content of total phenolics for C. sativa and Q. robur were 284+/-9 and 346+/-4 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of lyophilized extract respectively. The observed effects might be of relevance considering the putative interest of these extracts as topical antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel F Almeida
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Visualization and characterization of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species in a human skin equivalent model. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 300 Suppl 1:S51-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-007-0804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
48
|
Barclay LRC, Basque MC, Stephenson VC, Vinqvist MR. Photooxidations Initiated or Sensitized by Biological Molecules: Singlet Oxygen Versus Radical Peroxidation in Micelles and Human Blood Plasma ¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780248piosbb2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
49
|
Sim GS, Lee BC, Cho HS, Lee JW, Kim JH, Lee DH, Kim JH, Pyo HB, Moon DC, Oh KW, Yun YP, Hong JT. Structure activity relationship of antioxidative property of flavonoids and inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase activity in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblast. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:290-8. [PMID: 17424933 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Collagenase, a matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is a key regulator in the photoaging process of skin due to the reactive oxygen species generated after exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA). Flavonoid compounds have been demonstrated to possess antioxidant properties, and could be useful in the prevention of photoaging. In this study, to investigate the structure-activity relationship of flavonoid compounds on their antioxidant property and inhibitory effects against the MMP activity, the effects of several flavonoids; myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin and chrysin, on the reactive oxygen species scavengering activity and inhibitory effect against the MMP activity were examined in vitro and in human dermal fibroblasts induced by UVA. The relative order of antioxidative efficacy, as determined using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, was as follows; flavones: luteolin > apigenin > chrysin, flavonols: myricetin > quercetin > kaempferol, and correlated with the respective number of OH group on their B-ring. In good correlation with the antioxidant properties, the flavonoids inhibited the collagenase activities, in a dose-dependent manner, and the MMP expression. These results suggested the UVA induced antioxidative activity and inhibitory effects of flavonoids on the collagenase in human dermal fibroblasts depends on the number of OH group in the flavonoid structure, and those with a higher number of OH group may be more useful in the prevention of UV stressed skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwan-Sub Sim
- R & D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co., Chungbuk 369-830, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Costa D, Fernandes E, Santos JLM, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS, Lima JLFC. New noncellular fluorescence microplate screening assay for scavenging activity against singlet oxygen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2071-81. [PMID: 17225996 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a new fluorescence microplate screening assay for evaluating scavenging activity against singlet oxygen (1O2) was implemented. The chemical generation of 1O2 was promoted using the thermodissociable endoperoxide of disodium 3,3'-(1,4-naphthalene)bispropionate (NDPO2). The detection of 1O2 was achieved using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR), a nonfluorescent molecule that is oxidizable to the fluorescent form rhodamine 123 (RH). The combined use of a 1O2-selective generator and a highly sensitive probe (DHR) was then successfully applied to perform a screening assay of the 1O2 scavenging activities of ascorbic acid, penicillamine, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), methionine, reduced glutathione (GSH), dihydrolipoic acid, lipoic acid, and sodium azide. All of these antioxidants exhibited concentration-dependent 1O2 scavenging capacities. They could be ranked according to observed activity: ascorbic acid>cysteine>penicillamine>dihydrolipoic acid>GSH>NAC>sodium azide>lipoic acid (IC50 values of 3.0+/-0.2, 8.0+/-0.7, 10.9+/-0.8, 25.2+/-4.5, 57.4+/-5.9, 138+/-13, 1124+/-128, 2775+/-359 microM, mean+/-SEM, respectively)>methionine (35% of scavenging effect at 10 mM). In conclusion, the use of NDPO2 as a selective generator for 1O2 and its fluorescence detection by the highly sensitive probe DHR is shown to be a reliable and resourceful analytical alternative means to implement a microplate screening assay for scavenging activity against 1O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Costa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|