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Wang M, Liu Y, Zhang L, Chen L, Zhao W, Zhang H, Wu H. A study of the relationship between brachial artery vasodilation and platelet/lymphocyte ratio in diabetic patients with coronary atherosclerosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24935. [PMID: 37352165 PMCID: PMC10388224 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation between brachial artery flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in peripheral blood and coronary atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. METHODS Seventy-five diabetic patients aged 62 ± 9 years, 68% male and 32% female, who underwent brachial artery endothelial function test and coronary CT scan were collected. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was observed to assess the presence of coronary atherosclerosis, and high-resolution extravascular ultrasound was used to detect FMD. Platelet count and lymphocyte count were recorded by routine blood tests, and PLR was calculated for each study subject. Statistical methods were used to verify the association of FMD and PLR with CAC assessed by CT, respectively. RESULTS Patients with coronary atherosclerosis had decreased FMD and increased PLR compared with patients with normal coronary arteries. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that CAC score was significantly associated with both FMD (odds ratio: 0.167; 95% confidence interval: 0.049-0.565; p = 0.002) and PLR (odds ratio: 0.127; 95% confidence interval: 0.033-0.484; p = 0.001) at FMD < 5.1% or PLR > 130. The area under the ROC curve of FMD and PLR alone was 0.760 and 0.763, respectively. In addition, combined diagnosis of FMD and PLR showed the highest area under the ROC curve (0.830). CONCLUSION FMD combined with PLR is expected to be a precise diagnostic modality for coronary artery calcification in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- Ultrasound DepartmentThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Ultrasound DepartmentThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Ultrasound DepartmentThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Li Chen
- Ultrasound DepartmentThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Ultrasound DepartmentThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hebin Zhang
- Ultrasound DepartmentThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Ultrasound DepartmentThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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Mazrouei S, Petry SF, Sharifpanah F, Javanmard SH, Kelishadi R, Schulze PC, Franz M, Jung C. Pathophysiological correlation of arginase-1 in development of type 2 diabetes from obesity in adolescents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130263. [PMID: 36309295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great interest to understand causal pathophysiological correlation between obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Vascular endothelial dysfunction is crucially involved in pathogenesis of vascular complications in DM. Recently, increased arginase expression and activity have been described as underlying mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in DM and vascular inflammation in obesity. By limiting L-arginine bioavailability to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III), nitric oxide production is potentially impaired. METHODS We investigated the impact of plasma from diabetic and obese adolescents on arginase and NOS III expression in cultured human endothelial cells (ECs). A total of 148 male adolescents participated in this study including 18 obese, 28 type 1-, 28 type 2-DM patients, and 74 age-matched healthy volunteers. RESULTS A concurrent increase in arginase-1 (1.97-fold) and decrease in NOS III expression (1.45-fold) was observed in ECs exposed to type 2 diabetic plasma compared to control subjects. ECs incubated with type 1 DM plasma had a diminished NOS III level without impact on arginase-1 expression. Urea-assay featured an increased arginase activity in treated ECs with type 1- or 2-DM plasma. Despite increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in obese plasma, arginase-1 expression/activity did not change in treated ECs. However, NOS III expression was significantly reduced. Pearson analysis revealed positive correlation between arginase-1, but not NOS III, expression with FBS in ECs treated with type 2-DM plasma. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that increased arginase-1 expression/activity in ECs, as critical pathogenic factor is correlated with development of obesity-related type 2-DM and linked vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Mazrouei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Friedrich Petry
- Clinical Research Unit, Center of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Sharifpanah
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Lyons CJ, O’Brien T. The Functionality of Endothelial-Colony-Forming Cells from Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071731. [PMID: 32698397 PMCID: PMC7408543 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are a population of progenitor cells which have demonstrated promising angiogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. However, ECFCs from diabetic patients have been shown to be dysfunctional compared to ECFCs from healthy donors. Diabetes mellitus itself presents with many vascular co-morbidities and it has been hypothesized that ECFCs may be a potential cell therapy option to promote revascularisation in these disorders. While an allogeneic cell therapy approach would offer the potential of an ‘off the shelf’ therapeutic product, to date little research has been carried out on umbilical cord-ECFCs in diabetic models. Alternatively, autologous cell therapy using peripheral blood-ECFCs allows the development of a personalised therapeutic approach to medicine; however, autologous diabetic ECFCs are dysfunctional and need to be repaired so they can effectively treat diabetic co-morbidities. Many different groups have modified autologous diabetic ECFCs to improve their function using a variety of methods including pre-treatment with different factors or with genetic modification. While the in vitro and in vivo data from the literature is promising, no ECFC therapy has proceeded to clinical trials to date, indicating that more research is needed for a potential ECFC therapy in the future to treat diabetic complications.
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Choi SK, Kwon Y, Byeon S, Haam CE, Lee YH. AdipoRon, adiponectin receptor agonist, improves vascular function in the mesenteric arteries of type 2 diabetic mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230227. [PMID: 32182257 PMCID: PMC7077821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An orally active synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon has been suggested to ameliorate insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance. However, the chronic effect of AdipoRon in the vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes has not been studied yet. Thus, in this study, we examined whether AdipoRon improves vascular function in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Type 2 diabetic (db-/db-) mice were treated with AdipoRon (10 mg/kg/everyday, by oral gavage) for 2 weeks. Body weight and blood glucose levels were recorded every other day during the experimental period. Diameter of mesenteric arteries was measured. And western blot analysis was performed with mesenteric arteries. RESULTS Pressure-induced myogenic response was significantly increased while endothelium-dependent relaxation was reduced in the mesenteric arteries of db-/db- mice. Treatment of AdipoRon normalized potentiated myogenic response, whereas endothelium-dependent relaxation was not affected by treatment of AdipoRon. The expression levels of AdiR1, AdiR2, APPL1, and APPL 2 were increased in the mesenteric arteries of db-/db- mice and treatment of AdipoRon did not affect them. Interestingly, AdipoRon treatment increased the phospho-AMPK and decreased MYPT1 phosphorylation in db-/db- mice while there was no change in the level of eNOS phosphorylation. CONCLUSION The treatment of AdipoRon improves vascular function in the mesenteric arteries of db-/db- mice through endothelium-independent mechanism. We suggest that MLCP activation through reduced phosphorylation of MYPT1 might be the dominant mechanism in the AdipoRon-induced vascular effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngin Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonhee Byeon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Eun Haam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Byon CH, Kim SW. Regulatory Effects of O-GlcNAcylation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells on Diabetic Vasculopathy. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:243-254. [PMID: 32821734 PMCID: PMC7379086 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.2.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications from uncontrolled hyperglycemia are the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Previous reports have shown a strong correlation between hyperglycemia and vascular calcification, which increases mortality and morbidity in individuals with diabetes. However, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced vascular calcification remain largely unknown. Transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteoblast-like cells is a known culprit underlying the development of vascular calcification in the diabetic vasculature. Pathological conditions such as high glucose levels and oxidative stress are linked to enhanced osteogenic differentiation of VSMC both in vivo and in vitro. It has been demonstrated that increased expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a bone-related transcription factor, in VSMC is necessary and sufficient for the induction of VSMC calcification. Addition of a single O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety to the serine/threonine residues of target proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) has been observed in the arteries of diabetic patients, as well as in animal models in association with the enhanced expression of Runx2 and aggravated vascular calcification. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic and tightly regulated process, that is mediated by 2 enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. Glucose is metabolized into UDP-β-D-N-acetylglucosamine, an active sugar donor of O-GlcNAcylation via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Overall increases in the O-GlcNAcylation of cellular proteins have been closely associated with cardiovascular complications of diabetes. In this review, the authors provide molecular insights into cardiovascular complications, including diabetic vasculopathy, that feature increased O-GlcNAcylation in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Byon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise. Int J Vasc Med 2017; 2017:2049217. [PMID: 28875043 PMCID: PMC5569752 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2049217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is highly associated with cardiovascular disease, is triggered by a disturbance in ER function because of protein misfolding or an increase in protein secretion. Prolonged disruption of ER causes ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and leads to various diseases. Eukaryotic cells respond to ER stress via three major sensors that are bound to the ER membrane: activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK). Chronic activation of ER stress causes damage in endothelial cells (EC) via apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress signaling pathways. The alleviation of ER stress has recently been accepted as a potential therapeutic target to treat cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Exercise training is an effective nonpharmacological approach for preventing and alleviating cardiovascular disease. We here review the recent viewing of ER stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammation signaling pathways in cardiovascular disease and the role of exercise in ER stress-associated diseases.
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Potential benefits of physical activity during pregnancy for the reduction of gestational diabetes prevalence and oxidative stress. Early Hum Dev 2016; 94:57-62. [PMID: 26833143 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Changes in quality of nutrition, habits, and physical activity in modern societies increase susceptibility to obesity, which can deleteriously affect pregnancy outcome. In particular, a sedentary lifestyle causes dysfunction in blood flow, which impacts the cardiovascular function of pregnant women. The main molecular mechanism responsible for this effect is the synthesis and bioavailability of nitric oxide, a phenomenon regulated by the antioxidant capacity of endothelial cells. These alterations affect the vascular health of the mother and vascular performance of the placenta, the key organ responsible for the healthy development of the fetus. In addition to the increases in systemic vascular resistance in the mother, placental oxidative stress also affects the feto-placental blood flow. These changes can be integrated into the proteomics and metabolomics of newborns.
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Husain I, Chander R, Saxena JK, Mahdi AA, Mahdi F. Antidyslipidemic Effect of Ocimum sanctum Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30:72-7. [PMID: 25646044 PMCID: PMC4310851 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The antidyslipidemic activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract was studied in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. In this model, there was significant increase in plasma markers of diabetic-dyslipidemia following diminution of lipid metabolizing enzymes. Oral administration of leaf extract (500 mg/kg b.w.p.o.) for 15 days resulted in significant decrease in diabetogenic and dyslipidemia parameters; namely blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid peroxide, free fatty acids, small dense low density lipoprotein, lipid and protein components of plasma lipoproteins, adipose and liver. The regulation of lipids was accompanied by stimulation of postheparin lipolytic activity, reactivation of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase and hepatic lipoprotein lipase enzymes. The results of the present study demonstrated antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activities in leaf extract of O. sanctum which could be used in prevention of diabetic-dyslipidemia and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Husain
- />Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Ramesh Chander
- />Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | | | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- />Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Farzana Mahdi
- />Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow, 226003 India
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Roque FR, Hernanz R, Salaices M, Briones AM. Exercise training and cardiometabolic diseases: focus on the vascular system. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 15:204-14. [PMID: 23519745 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The regular practice of physical activity is a well-recommended strategy for the prevention and treatment of several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Physical exercise prevents the progression of vascular diseases and reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Exercise training also ameliorates vascular changes including endothelial dysfunction and arterial remodeling and stiffness, usually present in type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Common to these diseases is excessive oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the processes underlying vascular changes. At the vascular level, exercise training improves the redox state and consequently NO availability. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that other mediators such as prostanoids might be involved in the beneficial effects of exercise. The purpose of this review is to update recent findings describing the adaptation response induced by exercise in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, focusing more specifically on the beneficial effects of exercise in the vasculature and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R Roque
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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Eken SM, Jin H, Chernogubova E, Maegdefessel L. Making sense in antisense: therapeutic potential of noncoding RNAs in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:834727. [PMID: 24369540 PMCID: PMC3863503 DOI: 10.1155/2013/834727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of type II diabetes mellitus and its accompanying vascular complications call for novel approaches in unravelling its pathophysiological mechanisms and designing new treatment modalities. Noncoding RNAs represent a class of previously unknown molecular modulators of this disease. The most important features of diabetes-induced vascular disease, which include metabolic deregulation, increased oxidative stress, release of inflammatory mediators like adipokines, and pathologic changes in vascular cells, all are depicted and governed by a certain set of noncoding RNAs. While these mechanisms are being unravelled, new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities to treat diabetes-induced vascular disease emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Eken
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM L8), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Jin
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM L8), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM L8), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM L8), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- *Lars Maegdefessel:
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Potter BJ, Sowers JR, Zhang C. Bariatric surgery reduces visceral adipose inflammation and improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2063-9. [PMID: 21680898 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.225870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery is emerging as an effective method to alleviate a multitude of medical conditions associated with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of bariatric surgery on visceral fat inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that bariatric surgery ameliorates interferon-γ-mediated adipose tissue inflammation/oxidative stress and improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Control mice (m Lepr(db)) and diabetic mice (Lepr(db)) were treated with either sham surgery or improved gastric bypass surgery and then were evaluated at 5, 10, 20, and 30 days to assess postsurgical effects. Surgery reduced body weight, abdominal adiposity, blood glucose level, and food intake in Lepr(db). The surgery-induced decrease in visceral adiposity was accompanied by amelioration of T-lymphocytes and macrophage infiltration, as well as reduction in the expression of interferon-γ and other inflammatory cytokines in the mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) of Lepr(db) mice. Furthermore, surgery improved endothelium-dependent, but not endothelium-independent, vasorelaxation in small mesenteric arteries (SMA) of Lepr(db) mice. The improvement in endothelial function was largely attenuated by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) incubation. Interferon-γ treatment increased the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the MAT of control mice and incubation of SMA of control mice with tumor necrosis factor-α caused impairment of endothelial function. Superoxide production in MAT/SMA and nitrotyrosine protein level in SMA were elevated in diabetic mice. Surgery reduced MAT/SMA oxidative stress in Lepr(db) mice. CONCLUSIONS The amelioration of adipose tissue inflammation and the improvement of endothelial function may represent important mechanisms that result in cardiovascular benefits after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Lee S, Park Y, Dellsperger KC, Zhang C. Exercise training improves endothelial function via adiponectin-dependent and independent pathways in type 2 diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H306-14. [PMID: 21602470 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01306.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Exercise training (ET) has a beneficial effect on these disorders, but the basis for this effect is not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate whether the ET abates endothelial dysfunction in the aorta in T2D. Heterozygous controls (m Lepr(db)) and type 2 diabetic mice (db/db; Lepr(db)) were either exercise entrained by forced treadmill exercise or remained sedentary for 10 wk. Ex vivo functional assessment of aortic rings showed that ET restored acetylcholine-induced endothelial-dependent vasodilation of diabetic mice. Although the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase did not increase, ET reduced both IFN-γ and superoxide production by inhibiting gp91(phox) protein levels. In addition, ET increased the expression of adiponectin (APN) and the antioxidant enzyme, SOD-1. To investigate whether these beneficial effects of ET are APN dependent, we used adiponectin knockout (APNKO) mice. Indeed, impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation occurred in APNKO mice, suggesting that APN plays a central role in prevention of endothelial dysfunction. APNKO mice also showed increased protein expression of IFN-γ, gp91(phox), and nitrotyrosine but protein expression of SOD-1 and -3 were comparable between wild-type and APNKO. These findings in the aorta imply that APN suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress in the aorta, but not SOD-1 and -3. Thus ET improves endothelial function in the aorta in T2D via both APN-dependent and independent pathways. This improvement is due to the effects of ET in inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress (APN-dependent) as well as in improving antioxidant enzyme (APN-independent) performance in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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