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Asadbeigi A, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Saffari M, Modarressi MH, Sadri N, Kafi ZZ, Fazilaty H, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Esmaeili H. Protection of animals against devastating RNA viruses using CRISPR-Cas13s. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102235. [PMID: 39021763 PMCID: PMC11253668 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The intrinsic nature of CRISPR-Cas in conferring immunity to bacteria and archaea has been repurposed to combat pathogenic agents in mammalian and plant cells. In this regard, CRISPR-Cas13 systems have proved their remarkable potential for single-strand RNA viruses targeting. Here, different types of Cas13 orthologs were applied to knockdown foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a highly contagious disease of a wide variety of species with genetically diverse strains and is widely geographically distributed. Using programmable CRISPR RNAs capable of targeting conserved regions of the viral genome, all Cas13s from CRISPR system type VI (subtype A/B/D) could comprehensively target and repress different serotypes of FMDV virus. This approach has the potential to destroy all strains of a virus as targets the ultra-conserved regions of genome. We experimentally compared the silencing efficiency of CRISPR and RNAi by designing the most effective short hairpin RNAs according to our developed scoring system and observed comparable results. This study showed successful usage of various Cas13 enzymes for suppression of FMDV, which provides a flexible strategy to battle with other animal infectious RNA viruses, an underdeveloped field in the biotechnology scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Asadbeigi
- Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Saffari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Modarressi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Naser Sadri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Zahra Ziafati Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Hassan Fazilaty
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Hossein Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
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Akter S, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Akther M, Anjume H, Marjia M, Rahaman MM, Hossain MA, Sultana M. Development of recombinant proteins for vaccine candidates against serotypes O and A of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus in Bangladesh. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000713.v4. [PMID: 39045246 PMCID: PMC11261717 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000713.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequent vaccine failure leading to recurrent outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in livestock populations necessitates the development of a customizable vaccine platform comprising potential antigenic determinants of circulating lineages of FMD viruses. Artificially designed, chimaeric protein-based recombinant vaccines are novel approaches to combat the phylogenetically diverse FMD Virus (FMDV) strains. Among seven recognized serotypes, only serotypes O and A are dominantly circulating in Bangladesh and neighbouring countries of Asia, where transboundary transmission, recurrent outbreaks and emergence of novel lineages of FMDV are highly prevalent. The objective of this study was to develop multi-epitope recombinant proteins, procuring immunogenicity against circulating diverse genotypes of FMDV serotypes O and A. Two chimaeric proteins, named B1 (41.0 kDa) and B3 (39.3 kDa), have been designed to incorporate potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes selected from multiple FMDV strains, including previously reported and newly emerged sub-lineages. After expression, characterization and immunization of guinea pigs with a considerable antigen load of B1 and B3 followed by serological assays revealed the significant protective immunogenicity, developed from the higher (100 µg) doses of both antigens, against most of the currently prevalent serotype O and A strains of FMDV. The efficient expression, antigenic stability, and multivalent immunogenic potency of the chimaeric proteins strongly indicate their credibility as novel vaccine candidates for existing serotypes O and A of FMDV in Bangladesh and surrounding territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - M. Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Sciences and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - M. Rafiul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Masuda Akther
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Humaira Anjume
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Sciences and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Mafruha Marjia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
- Vice-Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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Li Y, Yang R, Yin F, Zhang H, Zhai G, Sun S, Tian B, Zeng Q. Correlation between 146S Antigen Content in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Inactivated Vaccines and Immunogenicity Level and Vaccine Potency Alternative Test Methods. Vet Sci 2024; 11:168. [PMID: 38668435 PMCID: PMC11053669 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between 146S antigen contents in FMD inactivated vaccines and levels of antiviral immunity, this study vaccinated 30 kg pigs with three batches of FMD types O and A bivalent inactivated vaccines. Antibody titers and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after primary immunization and on days 14 and 28 following booster immunization to assess associations between 146S contents and both antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels. Furthermore, 30 kg pigs were vaccinated with 46 batches of FMD type O inactivated vaccines and challenged on day 28, after which PD50 values were determined to evaluate the association between 146S content and PD50. The findings suggested that antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels at specific time points after immunization were positively associated with 146S contents. Additionally, 146S content showed a positive correlation with PD50, with greater PD50 values recorded for 146S contents ranging from 4.72 to 16.55 µg/dose. This investigation established a significant association between the 146S content in FMD inactivated vaccines and induced immune response against FMDV, thereby emphasizing its critical role in vaccine quality control. The determination of 146S content could serve as a new method for potency testing, offering an alternative to animal challenge tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ruai Yang
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fu Yin
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhai
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Bo Tian
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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Ru J, Chen Y, Tao S, Du S, Liang C, Teng Z, Gao Y. Exploring Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Nanocarrier in the Delivery of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus-like Particle Vaccines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1064-1072. [PMID: 38286026 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine is considered to be the most promising candidate alternative to the traditional inactivated vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). To elicit a desired immune response, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) have been synthesized and utilized as a nanocarrier for FMD VLP vaccine delivery. The as-prepared HMSNs displayed a relatively small particle size (∼260 nm), large cavity (∼150 nm), and thin wall (∼55 nm). The inherent structural superiorities make them ideal nanocarriers for the FMD VLP vaccine, which exhibited good biocompatibility, great protein-loading capacity, high antibody-response level, and protective efficiency, even comparable to commercial adjuvant ISA 206. All the results suggested that HMSNs may be a valid nanocarrier in VLP-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Ru
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Tao
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P. R. China
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Kim S, Ryoo S, Park EK, Cha SH, Song HS, Kim K, Lee J. On-Site Remote Monitoring System with NIR Signal-Based Detection of Infectious Disease Virus in Opaque Salivary Samples. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1299-1307. [PMID: 36786758 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious disease viruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), are highly contagious viruses that cause significant socioeconomic damage upon spreading. Developing an on-site diagnostic tool for early clinical detection and real-time surveillance of FMDV outbreaks is essential to prevent the further spread of the disease. However, early diagnosis of FMDV is still challenging due to the limited sensitivity and time-consuming manual result entry of commercial on-site tests for salivary samples. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR) signal nanoprobe-based highly accurate detection and remote monitoring system toward FMDVs, which automates the analysis and reporting of diagnosis data. The NIR signal lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) was assembled with a nanoprobe with a stable emission intensity at 800 nm, minimizing the interference signal of opaque salivary samples. We investigated the clinical applicability of the NIR signal LFA at biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories using 147 opaque salivary samples. The NIR signal LFA achieved a 32-fold lower limit of detection (LOD) than a commercial LFA in detecting live FMDVs, including all isolates occurring in the Republic of Korea during 2010-2017. Our results showed that the NIR signal LFA successfully discriminated the FMDV-positive clinical salivary samples from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 96.9%, specificity of 100.0%, and AUC (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve) value of 0.999. Finally, we substantiated the real-time collection of diagnostic results using a customized portable NIR reader at nine different laboratories of government-certified quarantine institutions for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Ryoo
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kayoung Kim
- Department of Fiber Convergence Material Engineering, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Li Q, Wubshet AK, Wang Y, Heath L, Zhang J. B and T Cell Epitopes of the Incursionary Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT2 for Vaccine Development. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030797. [PMID: 36992505 PMCID: PMC10059872 DOI: 10.3390/v15030797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of cross-protection among interserotypes and intratypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a big threat to endemic countries and their prevention and control strategies. However, insights into practices relating to the development of a multi-epitope vaccine appear as a best alternative approach to alleviate the cross-protection-associated problems. In order to facilitate the development of such a vaccine design approach, identification and prediction of the antigenic B and T cell epitopes along with determining the level of immunogenicity are essential bioinformatics steps. These steps are well applied in Eurasian serotypes, but very rare in South African Territories (SAT) Types, particularly in serotype SAT2. For this reason, the available scattered immunogenic information on SAT2 epitopes needs to be organized and clearly understood. Therefore, in this review, we compiled relevant bioinformatic reports about B and T cell epitopes of the incursionary SAT2 FMDV and the promising experimental demonstrations of such designed and developed vaccines against this serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/WOAH Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/WOAH Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Department of Veterinary Basics and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle 2084, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/WOAH Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Livio Heath
- Transboundary Animal Diseases: Vaccine Production Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Antiviral Effect of Manganese against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Both in PK15 Cells and Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020390. [PMID: 36851604 PMCID: PMC9964130 DOI: 10.3390/v15020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, pigs, and sheep. Current emergency FMD vaccines are of limited use for early protection because their protective effect starts 7 days after vaccination. Therefore, antiviral drugs or additives are used to rapidly stop the spread of the virus during FMD outbreaks. Manganese (Mn2+) was recently found to be an important substance necessary for the host to protect against DNA viruses. However, its antiviral effect against RNA viruses remains unknown. In this study, we found that Mn2+ has antiviral effects on the FMD virus (FMDV) both in PK15 cells and mice. The inhibitory effect of Mn2+ on FMDV involves NF-κB activation and up-regulation of interferon-stimulated genes. Animal experiments showed that Mn2+ can be highly effective in protecting C57BL/6N mice from being infected with FMDV. Overall, we suggest Mn2+ as an effective antiviral additive for controlling FMDV infection.
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Zhang J, Ge J, Li J, Li J, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Sun J, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhao X. Expression of FMD virus-like particles in yeast Hansenula polymorpha and immunogenicity of combine with CpG and aluminum adjuvant. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e15. [PMID: 36726280 PMCID: PMC9899949 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivated vaccines are limited in preventing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) due to safety problems. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are an excellent candidate for a novel vaccine for preventing FMD, given that VLPs have similar immunogenicity as natural viruses and are replication- and infection-incompetent. OBJECTIVES The 3C protease and P1 polyprotein of type O FMD virus (FDMV) was expressed in yeast Hansenula polymorpha to generate self-resembling VLPs, and the potential of recombinant VLPs as an FMD vaccine was evaluated. METHODS BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant purified VLPs using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and aluminum hydroxide gel as an adjuvant. Cytokines and lymphocytes from serum and spleen were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and flow cytometry. RESULTS The VLPs of FMD were purified successfully from yeast protein with a diameter of approximately 25 nm. The immunization of mice showed that animals produced high levels of FMDV antibodies and a higher level of antibodies for a longer time. In addition, higher levels of interferon-γ and CD4+ T cells were observed in mice immunized with VLPs. CONCLUSIONS The expression of VLPs of FMD in H. polymorpha provides a novel strategy for the generation of the FMDV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Juyin Li
- Jiangsu Argi-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yinghui Shi
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jiaojiao Sun
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qiongjin Wang
- Grand Theravac Life Sciences (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Li J, Chang Y, Yang S, Zhou G, Wei Y. Formulation enhanced the stability of Foot-and-mouth virus and prolonged vaccine storage. Virol J 2022; 19:207. [PMID: 36463170 PMCID: PMC9719126 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. Vaccination is the most effective measure to control FMD. However, FMDV particles are prone to dissociation, leading to insufficient potency of vaccine. Based on this characteristic, a combination of twenty percentage trehalose, 500 mM NaCl and 3 mM CuSO4·5H2O was developed to increase viral stability. Heating-resistance test showed that FMDV infectivity was maintained when formulated with formulation. Additionally, the half-life of FMDV inactivation was prolonged remarkably. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that viral genome could not be altered in serial passages. Vaccine stability was monitored for up to 1 year at 4 °C, with a higher level of 146S content remained. This study suggested that the formulation could protect FMDV against massive structural breakdown and extend the shelf life of vaccine. Our findings could provide strategy to develop more solutions for the stabilization of viral vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China ,China Agricultural Vet.Bio.Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chang
- China Agricultural Vet.Bio.Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shunli Yang
- grid.454892.60000 0001 0018 8988State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- grid.454892.60000 0001 0018 8988State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanming Wei
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Hu W, Zheng H, Li Q, Wang Y, Liu X, Hu X, Liu W, Liu S, Chen Z, Feng W, Cai X, Li N. shRNA transgenic swine display resistance to infection with the foot-and-mouth disease virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16377. [PMID: 34385528 PMCID: PMC8361160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most important animal pathogens in the world. FMDV naturally infects swine, cattle, and other cloven-hoofed animals. FMD is not adequately controlled by vaccination. An alternative strategy is to develop swine that are genetically resistant to infection. Here, we generated FMDV-specific shRNA transgenic cells targeting either nonstructural protein 2B or polymerase 3D of FMDV. The shRNA-positive transgenic cells displayed significantly lower viral production than that of the control cells after infection with FMDV (P < 0.05). Twenty-three transgenic cloned swine (TGCS) and nine non-transgenic cloned swine (Non-TGCS) were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In the FMDV challenge study, one TGCS was completely protected, no clinical signs, no viremia and no viral RNA in the tissues, no non-structural antibody response, another one TGCS swine recovered after showing clinical signs for two days, whereas all of the normal control swine (NS) and Non-TGCS developed typical clinical signs, viremia and viral RNA was determined in the tissues, the non-structural antibody was determined, and one Non-TGCS swine died. The viral RNA load in the blood and tissues of the TGCS was reduced in both challenge doses. These results indicated that the TGCS displayed resistance to the FMDV infection. Immune cells, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+, and CD172+ cells, and the production of IFN-γ were analyzed, there were no significant differences observed between the TGCS and NS or Non-TGCS, suggesting that the FMDV resistance may be mainly derived from the RNAi-based antiviral pathway. Our work provides a foundation for a breeding approach to preventing infectious disease in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinarian Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Genprotein Biotechnology Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinarian Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinarian Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Immunogenic profiling and designing of a novel vaccine from capsid proteins of FMDV serotype Asia-1 through reverse vaccinology. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104925. [PMID: 34022436 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the devastating transboundary animal diseases causing heavy losses to the livestock industry. Different vaccines based on the inactivated FMD virus are used against this disease, but lack of immunological memory and the need for high biocontainment are the major drawbacks of these vaccines. A novel vaccine comprising recombinant antigenic regions is effective, as they lack viruses for production. Considering the fact, capsid proteins vp4, vp2, vp3, and vp1 with 3C protease of FMDV serotype Asia-1 were analyzed through reverse vaccinology approaches in this study. The sequence and structural analysis of the proteins is carried out through various bioinformatic tools and the sequence analysis has figured out the acidic nature and thermal stability of the proteins, likewise, the phylogenetic analysis helped us to trace the FMDV isolates, elucidating that selected proteins belong to the strain (Group VII), which is currently circulating in Pakistan. Next, the B-cell and MHC Class-I epitopes are identified from the antigenic proteins by immunoinformatic tools. The highly conserved, antigenic, and non-allergenic epitopes are used to design the vaccine. Accordingly, the codon adaptation and in silico cloning of the corresponding genes is performed. Thus, the bacterial expression vector could be used for efficient expression and large-scale production of the vaccine.
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Forner M, Cañas-Arranz R, Defaus S, de León P, Rodríguez-Pulido M, Ganges L, Blanco E, Sobrino F, Andreu D. Peptide-Based Vaccines: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, a Paradigm in Animal Health. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050477. [PMID: 34066901 PMCID: PMC8150788 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the greatest global health achievements, improving the welfare of society by saving lives and substantially reducing the burden of infectious diseases. However, few vaccines are fully effective, for reasons ranging from intrinsic limitations to more contingent shortcomings related, e.g., to cold chain transport, handling and storage. In this context, subunit vaccines where the essential antigenic traits (but not the entire pathogen) are presented in rationally designed fashion have emerged as an attractive alternative to conventional ones. In particular, this includes the option of fully synthetic peptide vaccines able to mimic well-defined B- and T-cell epitopes from the infectious agent and to induce protection against it. Although, in general, linear peptides have been associated to low immunogenicity and partial protection, there are several strategies to address such issues. In this review, we report the progress towards the development of peptide-based vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) a highly transmissible, economically devastating animal disease. Starting from preliminary experiments using single linear B-cell epitopes, recent research has led to more complex and successful second-generation vaccines featuring peptide dendrimers containing multiple copies of B- and T-cell epitopes against FMD virus or classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The usefulness of this strategy to prevent other animal and human diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pulido
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
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13
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Wang D, Yang Y, Li J, Wang B, Zhang A. Enhancing immune responses to inactivated foot-and-mouth virus vaccine by a polysaccharide adjuvant of aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e30. [PMID: 33908204 PMCID: PMC8170215 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-generation adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines can improve the efficacy of existing vaccines. Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide possesses better promoting effects. OBJECTIVES In this study, the aqueous extract from Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR), an immunoregulatory crude polysaccharide, was utilized as the adjuvant of inactivated FMDV vaccine to explore their immune regulation roles. METHODS The mice in each group were subcutaneously injected with different vaccine formulations containing inactivated FMDV antigen adjuvanted with three doses (low, medium, and high) of AEAR or AEAR with ISA-206 adjuvant for 2 times respectively in 1 and 14 days. The variations of antibody level, lymphocyte count, and cytokine secretion in 14 to 42 days after first vaccination were monitored. Then cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and antibody duration were measured after the second vaccination. RESULTS AEAR significantly induced FMDV-specific antibody titers and lymphocyte activation. AEAR at a medium dose stimulated Th1/Th2-type response through interleukin-4 and interferon-γ secreted by CD4⁺ T cells. Effective T lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated by AEAR. Importantly, the efficient CTL response was remarkably provoked by AEAR. Furthermore, AEAR at a low dose and ISA-206 adjuvant also synergistically promoted immune responses more significantly in immunized mice than those injected with only ISA-206 adjuvant and the stable antibody duration without body weight loss was 6 months. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that AEAR had potential utility as a polysaccharide adjuvant for FMDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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14
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Yan H, Geng X, Wang Y, Xu X, Wang M, Zhang H, Huang B, Pang W, Yang M, Tian K. The High Immunity Induced by the Virus-Like Particles of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:633706. [PMID: 33718472 PMCID: PMC7947224 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.633706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by FMD virus (FMDV), is a highly contagious and economically devastating viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals worldwide. In this study, the coexpression of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)–fused capsid proteins of FMDV serotype O by single plasmid in Escherichia coli was achieved with an optimal tandem permutation (VP0–VP3–VP1), showing a protein yield close to 1:1:1. After SUMO removal at a low level of protease activity (5 units), the assembled FMDV virus-like particles (VLPs) could expose multiple epitopes and have a size similar to the naive FMDV. Immunization of pigs with the FMDV VLPs could induce FMDV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses effectively, in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggested that the stable FMDV VLPs with multiple epitope exposure were effective for the induction of an immune response in pigs, which laid a foundation for the further development of the FMDV subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Suling Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - He Yan
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Geng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Baicheng Huang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenqiang Pang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kegong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
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15
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Teng Z, Sun S, Luo X, Zhang Z, Seo H, Xu X, Huang J, Dong H, Mu S, Du P, Zhang Z, Guo H. Bi-functional gold nanocages enhance specific immunological responses of foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles vaccine as a carrier and adjuvant. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102358. [PMID: 33484882 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines have become one of the dominant vaccine candidates for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). To further enhance the immunogenicity of VLP vaccines, gold nanocages (AuNCs) were selected as an adjuvant for the vaccine. Our experiments demonstrated that AuNCs had little biotoxicity in vivo and in vitro and improved the uptake of VLP in BHK-21 and RAW264.7 cell lines. The VLP-AuNCs activated DCs mainly through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and promoted the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The conjugation of VLP and AuNCs triggered a strong immune response against FMD virus (FMDV) in mice and guinea pigs. The VLP-AuNCs significantly enhanced the proliferation of CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05) and the secretion of cellular immune-related cytokines (IFN-γ, P < 0.05; IL-12p70, P < 0.01) compared with VLP. The present study demonstrated that AuNCs, as a great potential adjuvant for FMDV VLP vaccines, significantly enhance the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hoseong Seo
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,China
| | - Hu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Suyu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nano biomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,China.
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, PR China..
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16
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Salmonella Vaccine Vector System for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Evaluation of Its Efficacy with Virus-Like Particles. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010022. [PMID: 33466461 PMCID: PMC7824887 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious and devastating disease in livestock animals and has a great potential to cause severe economic loss worldwide. The major antigen of FMDV capsid protein, VP1, contains the major B-cell epitope responsible for effectively eliciting protective humoral immunity. In this study, irradiated Salmonella Typhimurium (KST0666) were used as transgenic vectors containing stress-inducible plasmid pRECN-VP1 to deliver the VP1 protein from FMDV-type A/WH/CHA/09. Mice were orally inoculated with ATOMASal-L3 harboring pRECN-VP1, and FMDV virus-like particles, where (VLPFMDV)-specific humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses were evaluated. Mice vaccinated with attenuated Salmonella (KST0666) expressing VP1 (named KST0669) showed high levels of VLP-specific IgA in feces and IgG in serum, with high FMDV neutralization titer. Moreover, KST0669-vaccinated mice showed increased population of IFN-γ (type 1 T helper cells; Th1 cells)-, IL-5 (Th2 cells)-, and IL-17A (Th17 cells)-expressing CD4+ as well as activated CD8+ T cells (IFN-γ+CD8+ cells), detected by stimulating VLPFMDV. All data indicate that our Salmonella vector system successfully delivered FMDV VP1 to immune cells and that the humoral and cellular efficacy of the vaccine can be easily evaluated using VLPFMDV in a Biosafety Level I (BSL1) laboratory.
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17
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Algammal AM, Hetta HF, Batiha GE, Hozzein WN, El Kazzaz WM, Hashem HR, Tawfik AM, El-Tarabili RM. Virulence-determinants and antibiotic-resistance genes of MDR-E. coli isolated from secondary infections following FMD-outbreak in cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19779. [PMID: 33188216 PMCID: PMC7666185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, multidrug-resistance traits, PCR-detection of virulence, and antibiotic-resistance genes of E. coli isolated from secondary infections following FMD-outbreak in cattle. A total of 160 random samples were gathered from private dairy farms in Damietta Province, Egypt. The specimens were subjected to bacteriological examination, serotyping, congo-red binding assay, antibiogram-testing, and PCR-monitoring of virulence-determinant genes (tsh, phoA, hly, eaeA, sta, and lt) as well as the antibiotic-resistance genes (blaTEM, blaKPC, and blaCTX). The prevalence of E. coli was 30% (n = 48) distributed in 8 serogroups (40/48, 83.3%), while 8 isolates (8/48, 16.6%) were untypable. Besides, 83.3% of the examined isolates were positive for CR-binding. The tested strains harbored the virulence genes phoA, hly, tsh, eaeA, sta, and lt with a prevalence of 100% and 50%, 45.8%, 25%, 8.4%, and 6.2%, respectively. Furthermore, 50% of the recovered strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, and are harboring the blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaKPC genes. Moreover, 25% of the examined strains are resistant to penicillins, and cephalosporins, and are harboring the blaTEM and blaCTX genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the E. coli secondary bacterial infections following the FMD-outbreak. The emergence of MDR strains is considered a public health threat and indicates complicated treatment and bad prognosis of infections caused by such strains. Colistin sulfate and levofloxacin have a promising in vitro activity against MDR-E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, 71515, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Waleed M El Kazzaz
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hany R Hashem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Ayat M Tawfik
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, 42526, Egypt
| | - Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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18
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Dill V, Zimmer A, Beer M, Eschbaumer M. Targeted Modification of the Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Genome for Quick Cell Culture Adaptation. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E583. [PMID: 33022922 PMCID: PMC7712165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes the highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease, which is characterized by the appearance of vesicles in and around the mouth and feet of cloven-hoofed animals. BHK-21 cells are the cell line of choice for the propagation of FMDV for vaccine production worldwide but vary in their susceptibility for different FMDV strains. Previous studies showed that the FMDV resistance of a certain BHK cell line can be overcome by using a closely related but permissive cell line for the pre-adaptation of the virus, but the adapted strains were found to harbor several capsid mutations. In this study, these adaptive mutations were introduced into the original Asia-1 Shamir isolate individually or in combination to create a panel of 17 Asia-1 mutants by reverse genetics and examine the effects of the mutations on receptor usage, viral growth, immunogenicity and stability. A single amino acid exchange from glutamic acid to lysine at position 202 in VP1 turned out to be of major importance for productive infection of the suspension cell line BHK-2P. In consequence, two traditionally passage-derived strains and two recombinant viruses with a minimum set of mutations were tested in vivo. While the passaged-derived viruses showed a reduced particle stability, the genetically modified viruses were more stable but did not confer a protective immune response against the original virus isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Dill
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Aline Zimmer
- Merck KGaA, Merck Life Sciences, Upstream R&D, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Eschbaumer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.D.); (M.B.)
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19
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Wang H, Xin X, Zheng C, Shen C. Single-Cell Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:361. [PMID: 32194538 PMCID: PMC7066083 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of single-cell technologies, the mechanisms underlying viral infections and the interactions between hosts and viruses are starting to be explored at the single-cell level. The foot-and-mouth-disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) causes an acute and persistent infection that can result in the break-out of FMD, which can have serious effects on animal husbandry. Single-cell techniques have emerged as powerful approaches to analyze virus infection at the resolution of individual cells. In this review, the existing single-cell studies examining FMDV will be systematically summarized, and the central themes of these studies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiu Xin
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Eschbaumer M, Dill V, Carlson JC, Arzt J, Stenfeldt C, Krug PW, Hardham JM, Stegner JE, Rodriguez LL, Rieder E. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A 24) Is Highly Attenuated in Pigs. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020129. [PMID: 32079312 PMCID: PMC7168223 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivated whole-virus vaccines are widely used for the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Their production requires the growth of large quantities of virulent FMD virus in biocontainment facilities, which is expensive and carries the risk of an inadvertent release of virus. Attenuated recombinant viruses lacking the leader protease coding region have been proposed as a safer alternative for the production of inactivated FMD vaccines (Uddowla et al., 2012, J Virol 86:11675-85). In addition to the leader deletion, the marker vaccine virus FMDV LL3BPVKV3DYR A24 encodes amino acid substitutions in the viral proteins 3B and 3D that allow the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals and has been previously shown to be effective in cattle and pigs. In the present study, two groups of six pigs each were inoculated with live FMDV LL3BPVKV3DYR A24 virus either intradermally into the heel bulb (IDHB) or by intra-oropharyngeal (IOP) deposition. The animals were observed for 3 or 5 days after inoculation, respectively. Serum, oral and nasal swabs were collected daily and a thorough postmortem examination with tissue collection was performed at the end of the experiment. None of the animals had any signs of disease or virus shedding. Virus was reisolated from only one serum sample (IDHB group, sample taken on day 1) and one piece of heel bulb skin from the inoculation site of another animal (IDHB group, necropsy on day 3), confirming that FMDV LL3BPVKV3DYR A24 is highly attenuated in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eschbaumer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems 17493, Germany; (V.D.); (J.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-71211
| | - Veronika Dill
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems 17493, Germany; (V.D.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Jolene C. Carlson
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems 17493, Germany; (V.D.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (J.A.); (C.S.); (P.W.K.); (L.L.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (J.A.); (C.S.); (P.W.K.); (L.L.R.); (E.R.)
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Peter W. Krug
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (J.A.); (C.S.); (P.W.K.); (L.L.R.); (E.R.)
| | | | | | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (J.A.); (C.S.); (P.W.K.); (L.L.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Elizabeth Rieder
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (J.A.); (C.S.); (P.W.K.); (L.L.R.); (E.R.)
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21
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Emergency Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines A Malaysia 97 and A 22 Iraq 64 Offer Good Protection against Heterologous Challenge with A Variant Serotype A ASIA/G-IX/SEA-97 Lineage Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010080. [PMID: 32050709 PMCID: PMC7157217 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A variants in South East Asia is of concern for international FMDV antigen banks, especially when in vitro tests predict a low antigenic match. A vaccination-challenge study was performed by using two emergency FMDV vaccines with A22 Iraq 64 (A22 IRQ) and A Malaysia 97 (A MAY 97) strains, against challenge with a variant strain of FMDV A/Asia/G-IX/SEA-97 lineage at 7- and 21-day post-vaccination (dpv). At 7 dpv, three of five female calves vaccinated with A MAY 97 and four of five vaccinated with A22 IRQ did not show lesions on the feet and were considered protected, while at 21 dpv all five calves were protected with each vaccine, indicating equal efficacy of both vaccine strains. Calves were protected despite relatively low heterologous neutralizing antibody titers to the challenge virus at the time of challenge. All the calves developed antibodies to the non-structural proteins, most likely due to the direct intradermolingual (IDL) inoculation. Only one calf from the A MAY 97-7 group had infectious virus in the serum 1–3-day post-challenge (dpc), while no virus could be isolated from the serum of cattle challenged on 21 dpv. The virus could be isolated from the oral swabs of all calves, 1–7 dpc with viral RNA detected 1–10 dpc. Nasal swabs were positive for virus 1–6 dpc in a small number of calves. The time between vaccination and infection did not have an impact on the number of animals with persistent infection, with almost all the animals showing viral RNA in their oro-pharyngeal fluid (probang) samples up to 35 dpc. Despite the poor in vitro matching data and field reports of vaccine failures, this study suggests that these vaccine strains should be effective against this new A/Asia/G/SEA-97 variant, provided they are formulated with a high antigen dose.
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A Single Dose of Dendrimer B 2T Peptide Vaccine Partially Protects Pigs against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010019. [PMID: 31936706 PMCID: PMC7157199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals whose control relies on efficient vaccination. We have reported that dendrimer peptide B2T, with two copies of FMDV B-cell epitope VP1 (136–154) linked through maleimide units to T-cell epitope 3A (21–35)], elicits potent B- and T-cell specific responses and confers solid protection in pigs to type-O FMDV challenge after two doses of peptide. Herein we now show that B2T evokes specific protective immune responses after administration of a single dose of either 2 or 0.5 mg of peptide. High titers of ELISA and neutralizing antibodies against FMDV were detectable at day 15 post-immunization. Likewise, activated T cells and induced IFN-γ response to in vitro recall with FMDV peptides were also detected by the same day. Further, in 70% of B2T-vaccinated pigs, full protection—no clinical signs of disease—was observed upon virus challenge at day 25 post-immunization. These results strengthen the potential of B2T as a safe, cost-effective candidate vaccine conferring adequate protection against FMDV with a single dose. The finding is particularly relevant to emergency scenarios permitting only a single shot immunization.
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Implication of Broadly Neutralizing Bovine Monoclonal Antibodies in the Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Neutralizing Antibodies against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01030-19. [PMID: 31578261 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01030-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with inactivated vaccines is still the main measure to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in areas where the disease is endemic, and the level of neutralizing antibody in vaccinated animals is directly related to their protection against virus challenge. Currently, neutralizing antibody is mainly detected using the virus neutralization test (VNT) based on cell culture, which is laborious and time-consuming and requires restrictive biocontainment facilities. In this study, two broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), E46 and F128, were successfully produced using techniques for the isolation of single B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from bovines sequentially immunized with three topotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O. Based on these bnAbs, a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting neutralizing antibodies (NA-ELISA) against FMDV serotype O was developed. The specificity and sensitivity of the test were estimated to be 99.21% and 100%, respectively. A significant correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between the NA-ELISA titers and the VNT titers for all sera from vaccinated animals and for all tested strains, suggesting that the NA-ELISA could detect neutralizing antibodies against FMDV serotype O strains of wide antigenic and molecular diversity and could be used for the evaluation of protective immunity.
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Du L, Yu X, Hou L, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Qiao X, Hou J, Chen J, Zheng Q. Identification of mechanisms conferring an enhanced immune response in mice induced by CVC1302-adjuvanted killed serotype O foot-and-mouth virus vaccine. Vaccine 2019; 37:6362-6370. [PMID: 31526618 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The adjuvant CVC1302 was previously shown to efficiently enhance the immunogenicity of killed foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in mice and piglets. However, the underlining mechanism of action of CVC1302 remains unclear, especially at local injection sites and draining lymph nodes. Since the FMDV vaccine is administrated intramuscularly in field settings, we studied local immune responses to FMDV following intramuscular injection in mice, and found that CVC1302-adjuvanted killed FMDV (KV-CVC1302) induced secretion of several chemokines in murine muscle tissues, including MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β. The number of monocytes recruited to the site of injection was significantly higher in mice immunized with KV-CVC1302 compared with mice immunized with killed FMDV alone (KV). iTAQ-based quantitative proteomic assays were additionally employed to explore the molecular mechanisms of CVC1302 action in the draining lymph nodes. A total of 35 proteins were identified as being differentially expressed among the control group, KV-immunized group and KV-CVC1302-immunized group at 10 days post immunization (dpi). Proteins exhibiting differential expression were mainly involved in signal transduction, apoptosis, endocytosis and innate immune responses. Pathway analysis demonstrated that AMPK, phospholipase D, cAMP, Rap1, and MAPK signaling pathways were potentially induced by the immunopotentiator CVC1302. Understanding the local mechanism of CVC1302 action at injection sites and draining lymph nodes will provide new insights into the development of FMDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Du
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Liting Hou
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xuwen Qiao
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jibo Hou
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
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Sitt T, Kenney M, Barrera J, Pandya M, Eckstrom K, Warner M, Pacheco JM, LaRocco M, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Brake D, Rieder E, Arzt J, Barlow JW, Golde WT. Duration of protection and humoral immunity induced by an adenovirus-vectored subunit vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Holstein steers. Vaccine 2019; 37:6221-6231. [PMID: 31493951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection of cloven hooved animals that continues to cause economic disruption in both endemic countries or when introduced into a formally FMD free country. Vaccines that protect against clinical disease and virus shedding are critical to control FMD. The replication deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vaccine vector expressing empty FMD virus (FMDV) capsid, AdtFMD, is a promising new vaccine platform. With no shedding or spreading of viral vector detected in field trials, this vaccine is very safe to manufacture, as there is no requirement for high containment faciitites. Here, we describe three studies assessing the proportion of animals protected from clinical vesicular disease (foot lesions) following live-FMDV challenge by intradermolingual inoculation at 6 or 9 months following a single vaccination with the commercial AdtFMD vaccine, provisionally licensed for cattle in the United States. Further, we tested the effect of vaccination route (transdermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous) on clinical outcome and humoral immunity. Results demonstrate that a single dose vaccination in cattle with the commercial vaccine vector expressing capsid proteins of the FMDV strain A24 Cruzeiro (Adt.A24), induced protection against clinical FMD at 6 months (100% transdermal, 80% intramuscular, and 60% subcutaneous) that waned by 9 months post-vaccination (33% transdermal and 20% intramuscular). Post-vaccination serum from immunized cattle (all studies) generally contained FMDV specific neutralizing antibodies by day 14. Anti-FMDV antibody secreting cells are detected in peripheral blood early following vaccination, but are absent after 28 days post-vaccination. Thus, the decay in antibody mediated immunity over time is likely a function of FMDV-specific antibody half-life. These data reveal the short time span of anti-FMDV antibody secreting cells (ASCs) and important performance characteristics of needle-free vaccination with a recombinant vectored subunit vaccine for FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Sitt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 201 Terrill Bldg., 570 Main Street, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | - Mary Kenney
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | - José Barrera
- Leidos, Inc., Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | - Mital Pandya
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 201 Terrill Bldg., 570 Main Street, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Korin Eckstrom
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 201 Terrill Bldg., 570 Main Street, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Megan Warner
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | - Juan M Pacheco
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | - Michael LaRocco
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | | | - David Brake
- BioQuest Associates, LLC. Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848 Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rieder
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States
| | - John W Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 201 Terrill Bldg., 570 Main Street, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - William T Golde
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, United States; Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Immunobiology, Advances in Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies Addressing Vaccine Failures-An Indian Perspective. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030090. [PMID: 31426368 PMCID: PMC6789522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass vaccination campaign in India seeks to control and eventually eradicate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Biosanitary measures along with FMD monitoring are being conducted along with vaccination. The implementation of the FMD control program has drastically reduced the incidence of FMD. However, cases are still reported, even in regions where vaccination is carried out regularly. Control of FMD outbreaks is difficult when the virus remains in circulation in the vaccinated population. Various FMD risk factors have been identified that are responsible for FMD in vaccinated areas. The factors are discussed along with strategies to address these challenges. The current chemically inactivated trivalent vaccine formulation containing strains of serotype O, A, and Asia 1 has limitations including thermolability and induction of only short-term immunity. Advantages and disadvantages of several new-generation alternate vaccine formulations are discussed. It is unfeasible to study every incidence of FMD in vaccinated animals/areas in such a big country as India with its huge livestock population. However, at the same time, it is absolutely necessary to identify the precise reason for vaccination failure. Failure to vaccinate is one reason for the occurrence of FMD in vaccinated areas. FMD epidemiology, emerging and re-emerging virus strains, and serological status over the past 10 years are discussed to understand the impact of vaccination and incidences of vaccination failure in India. Other factors that are important in vaccination failure that we discuss include disrupted herd immunity, health status of animals, FMD carrier status, and FMD prevalence in other species. Recommendations to boost the search of alternate vaccine formulation, strengthen the veterinary infrastructure, bolster the real-time monitoring of FMD, as well as a detailed investigation and documentation of every case of vaccination failure are provided with the goal of refining the control program.
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Salem R, El-Kholy AA, Ibrahim M. Eight novel single chain antibody fragments recognising VP2 of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O, and SAT 2. Virology 2019; 533:145-154. [PMID: 31170612 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) exhibits a high degree of antigenic diversity among its serotypes, requiring several anti-FMDV antibodies for its laboratory diagnosis, which complicated the used techniques. To conquer this cumbersome, we developed a new panel of different single-chain fragment variable (scFv) for serotype-independent detection of FMDV. The recombinant VP2 capsid protein, as a relatively conserved protein among FMDV serotypes, was expressed in E. Coli, and injected in mice. Spleen's RNA was extracted for isolating the coding sequences of IgG variable domains that were assembled into repertoires of scFv. Phage library displaying scFv was constructed with ∼1.9 × 108 plaque forming units. Characterization of the library showed eight of unique scFvs, which were expressed as bacterial periplasmic proteins with apparent molecular weight of ∼27 kDa. Our data revealed the broad-spectrum binding affinity of the eight scFvs as both coating and tracing antibodies to FMDV serotypes A, O, and SAT 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Salem
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), ARC, 12619, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Alaa A El-Kholy
- Veterinary Sera and Vaccines Research Institute (VSVRI), ARC, Abbassia, P.O. Box # 131,11381, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083, USA
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Li SF, Gong MJ, Sun YF, Shao JJ, Zhang YG, Chang HY. In Vitro and in Vivo Antiviral Activity of Mizoribine Against Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091723. [PMID: 31058822 PMCID: PMC6539406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which has significant economic consequences in affected countries. As the currently available vaccines against FMD provide no protection until 4–7 days post-vaccination, the only alternative method to control the spread of FMD virus (FMDV) during outbreaks is the application of antiviral agents. Hence, it is important to identify effective antiviral agents against FMDV infection. In this study, we found that mizoribine has potent antiviral activity against FMDV replication in IBRS-2 cells. A time-of-drug-addition assay demonstrated that mizoribine functions at the early stage of replication. Moreover, mizoribine also showed antiviral effect on FMDV in vivo. In summary, these results revealed that mizoribine could be a potential antiviral drug against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mei-Jiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue-Feng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun-Jun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong-Guang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui-Yun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Mignaqui AC, Ruiz V, Durocher Y, Wigdorovitz A. Advances in novel vaccines for foot and mouth disease: focus on recombinant empty capsids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:306-320. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1554619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Mignaqui
- National Agricultural Technology Institute, Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- National Agricultural Technology Institute, Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- National Agricultural Technology Institute, Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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A review of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) testing in livestock with an emphasis on the use of alternative diagnostic specimens. Anim Health Res Rev 2018; 19:100-112. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252318000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) remains an important pathogen of livestock more than 120 years after it was identified, with annual costs from production losses and vaccination estimated at €5.3–€17 billion (US$6.5–US$21 billion) in FMDV-endemic areas. Control and eradication are difficult because FMDV is highly contagious, genetically and antigenically diverse, infectious for a wide variety of species, able to establish subclinical carriers in ruminants, and widely geographically distributed. For early detection, sustained control, or eradication, sensitive and specific FMDV surveillance procedures compatible with high through-put testing platforms are required. At present, surveillance relies on the detection of FMDV-specific antibody or virus, most commonly in individual animal serum, vesicular fluid, or epithelial specimens. However, FMDV or antibody are also detectable in other body secretions and specimens, e.g., buccal and nasal secretions, respiratory exhalations (aerosols), mammary secretions, urine, feces, and environmental samples. These alternative specimens offer non-invasive diagnostic alternatives to individual animal sampling and the potential for more efficient, responsive, and cost-effective surveillance. Herein we review FMDV testing methods for contemporary and alternative diagnostic specimens and their application to FMDV surveillance in livestock (cattle, swine, sheep, and goats).
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Ruiz V, Baztarrica J, Rybicki EP, Meyers AE, Wigdorovitz A. Minimally processed crude leaf extracts of Nicotiana benthamiana containing recombinant foot and mouth disease virus-like particles are immunogenic in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 20:e00283. [PMID: 30319941 PMCID: PMC6180338 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most feared viral diseases affecting cloven-hoofed animals, and results in severe economic losses. Currently available vaccines are based on inactivated FMD virus (FMDV). The use of recombinant FMDV-like particles (VLPs) as subunit vaccines has gained importance because of their immunogenic properties and safety. We evaluated the production of FMD VLPs, via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression, and the immunogenicity of these structures in mice. Leaves were infiltrated with pEAQ-HT and pRIC 3.0 vectors encoding the capsid precursor P1-2A and the protease 3C. The recombinant protein yield was 3-4 mg/kg of fresh leaf tissue. Both groups of mice immunized with purified VLPs and mice immunized with the crude leaf extract elicited a specific humoral response with similar antibody titers. Thus, minimally processed plant material containing transiently expressed FMD VLPs could be a scalable and cost-effective technology for the production of a recombinant subunit vaccine against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Ann E Meyers
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mansour KA, Naser HH, Hussain MH. Clinical, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis study of local foot-and-mouth disease virus in Al-Qadisiyah province of Iraq. Vet World 2018; 11:1210-1213. [PMID: 30410223 PMCID: PMC6200567 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1210-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was directed during an outbreak of suspected foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq 2016. The disease has made a huge economic loss in livestock. It was suspected that the vaccination has failed to protect the animals from the infection because of the difference in the strains. Consequently, we designed the study to make the diagnosis and detect the strain of the causative virus. Materials and Methods The extraction of the DNA was done on 73 samples and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used in the detection of FMD virus (FMDV) for primary diagnosis, and serotype-specific diagnosis was done with universal primer sets 1F/1R, A-1C612, and O-ARS4 with the expected band of 329, 865, and 1301 bp, respectively. Results Universal primer pair 1F/1R detected FMD in 55 of 73 (75.3%); of these, 37 (67.3%) were females and 18 (32.7%) were males, with high significance (p<0.01) between males and females in the PCR positivity ratio. The tested samples with positive universal primer were amplified with specific primers A-IC612 with no reaction for serotype O-ARS4. Conclusion The products of RT-PCR were sent for RNA sequencing, and the results were 100% positive to serotype A which means that it is the predominant type in Iraq. It may help in the importing or production of the vaccine to make a preventive plan for the disease. The virus of FMD is contagious and dangerous due to its role in the huge economic loses. The detection of this virus is widely explained in lots of articles, but it is more specific and sensitive in RT-PCR and sequencing. Consequently, the authorities responsible for importing and/or production vaccines have to avoid the importing of other serotypes because it will be losing money and more outbreaks will explode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalefa Ali Mansour
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Hassan Hachim Naser
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Muthanna Hadi Hussain
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Shimmon G, Kotecha A, Ren J, Asfor AS, Newman J, Berryman S, Cottam EM, Gold S, Tuthill TJ, King DP, Brocchi E, King AMQ, Owens R, Fry EE, Stuart DI, Burman A, Jackson T. Generation and characterisation of recombinant FMDV antibodies: Applications for advancing diagnostic and laboratory assays. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201853. [PMID: 30114227 PMCID: PMC6095514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects economically important livestock and is one of the most contagious viral diseases. The most commonly used FMD diagnostic assay is a sandwich ELISA. However, the main disadvantage of this ELISA is that it requires anti-FMD virus (FMDV) serotype-specific antibodies raised in small animals. This problem can be, in part, overcome by using anti-FMDV monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as detecting reagents. However, the long-term use of MAbs may be problematic and they may need to be replaced. Here we have constructed chimeric antibodies (mouse/rabbit D9) and Fabs (fragment antigen-binding) (mouse/cattle D9) using the Fv (fragment variable) regions of a mouse MAb, D9 (MAb D9), which recognises type O FMDV. The mouse/rabbit D9 chimeric antibody retained the FMDV serotype-specificity of MAb D9 and performed well in a FMDV detection ELISA as well as in routine laboratory assays. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis confirmed engagement with antigenic site 1 and peptide competition studies identified the aspartic acid at residue VP1 147 as a novel component of the D9 epitope. This chimeric expression approach is a simple but effective way to preserve valuable FMDV antibodies, and has the potential for unlimited generation of antibodies and antibody fragments in recombinant systems with the concomitant positive impacts on the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Shimmon
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Abhay Kotecha
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amin S. Asfor
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Newman
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sarah Gold
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Donald P. King
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ray Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Burman
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Jackson
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Goller KV, Dill V, Madi M, Martin P, Van der Stede Y, Vandenberge V, Haas B, Van Borm S, Koenen F, Kasanga CJ, Ndusilo N, Beer M, Liu L, Mioulet V, Armson B, King DP, Fowler VL. Rapid and simple detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus: Evaluation of a cartridge-based molecular detection system for use in basic laboratories. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:578-584. [PMID: 29124905 PMCID: PMC5873272 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Highly contagious transboundary animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are major threats to the productivity of farm animals. To limit the impact of outbreaks and to take efficient steps towards a timely control and eradication of the disease, rapid and reliable diagnostic systems are of utmost importance. Confirmatory diagnostic assays are typically performed by experienced operators in specialized laboratories, and access to this capability is often limited in the developing countries with the highest disease burden. Advances in molecular technologies allow implementation of modern and reliable techniques for quick and simple pathogen detection either in basic laboratories or even at the pen-side. Here, we report on a study to evaluate a fully automated cartridge-based real-time RT-PCR diagnostic system (Enigma MiniLab® ) for the detection of FMD virus (FMDV). The modular system integrates both nucleic acid extraction and downstream real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The analytical sensitivity of this assay was determined using serially diluted culture grown FMDV, and the performance of the assay was evaluated using a selected range of FMDV positive and negative clinical samples of bovine, porcine and ovine origin. The robustness of the assay was evaluated in an international inter-laboratory proficiency test and by deployment into an African laboratory. It was demonstrated that the system is easy to use and can detect FMDV with high sensitivity and specificity, roughly on par with standard laboratory methods. This cartridge-based automated real-time RT-PCR system for the detection of FMDV represents a reliable and easy to use diagnostic tool for the early and rapid disease detection of acutely infected animals even in remote areas. This type of system could be easily deployed for routine surveillance within endemic regions such as Africa or could alternatively be used in the developed world.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Goller
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - V Dill
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - M Madi
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - P Martin
- Enigma Diagnostics Limited, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Y Van der Stede
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Vandenberge
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Haas
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - S Van Borm
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Koenen
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C J Kasanga
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - N Ndusilo
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - M Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - L Liu
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Mioulet
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - B Armson
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - D P King
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - V L Fowler
- Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
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de los Santos T, Diaz-San Segundo F, Rodriguez LL. The need for improved vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 29:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sun P, Zhang S, Qin X, Chang X, Cui X, Li H, Zhang S, Gao H, Wang P, Zhang Z, Luo J, Li Z. Foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein VP2 activates the cellular EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway and induces autophagy via HSPB1. Autophagy 2018; 14:336-346. [PMID: 29166823 PMCID: PMC5902195 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1405187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can result in economical destruction of cloven-hoofed animals. FMDV infection has been reported to induce macroautophagy/autophagy; however, the precise molecular mechanisms of autophagy induction and effect of FMDV capsid protein on autophagy remain unknown. In the present study, we report that FMDV infection induced a complete autophagy process in the natural host cells of FMDV, and inhibition of autophagy significantly decreased FMDV production, suggesting that FMDV-induced autophagy facilitates viral replication. We found that the EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway was activated and the AKT-MTOR signaling pathway was inhibited by FMDV infection. We also observed that ultraviolet (UV)-inactivated FMDV can induce autophagy. Importantly, our work provides the first piece of evidence that expression of FMDV capsid protein VP2 can induce autophagy through the EIF2S1-ATF4-AKT-MTOR cascade, and we found that VP2 interacted with HSPB1 (heat shock protein family B [small] member 1) and activated the EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway, resulting in autophagy and enhanced FMDV replication. In addition, we show that VP2 induced autophagy in a variety of mammalian cell lines and decreased aggregates of a model mutant HTT (huntingtin) polyglutamine expansion protein (HTT103Q). Overall, our results demonstrate that FMDV capsid protein VP2 induces autophagy through interaction with HSPB1 and activation of the EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xingni Chang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xiaorui Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Haitao Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Shuaijun Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- b Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Penghua Wang
- c Department of Microbiology and Immunology , New York Medical College, Valhalla , New York , USA
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
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Brito BP, Mohapatra JK, Subramaniam S, Pattnaik B, Rodriguez LL, Moore BR, Perez AM. Dynamics of widespread foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O and Asia-1 in southern Asia: A Bayesian phylogenetic perspective. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:696-710. [PMID: 29250910 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is, arguably, the animal disease with the most devastating global economic impact owing in part, to the severe trade restrictions imposed upon affected countries and regions. South Asia is one of the regions where widespread lineages of the FMDV virus (FMDV) have emerged. Here, we performed an integrative phylogenetic analysis of all FMDV serotypes (A, O and Asia-1) circulating in southern Asia, including viral sequences collected until 2013. Our results describe the occurrence of FMD caused by different serotypes and lineages, focusing in the cycles where a specific lineage predominates within a region for a protracted period and then are rapidly or progressively replaced by an emergent or re-emergent strain that is introduced from an adjacent region. Transmission between the two main regions in southern Asia (the Indian subcontinent and the region comprised by Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan) has been limited. Results of time divergence estimation of lineages that currently circulate in this region indicate that the most recent common ancestor of endemic lineages are: 1992 [1989-1995] for lineage O/PanAsia; 1997 [1995-1999] for PanAsia2; 2001 [1998-2004] for O/Ind2001; 2001 [2000-2002] for A/Iran-05; 1990 [1988-1991] for A/G-18 (G-VII); 2003 [2000-2006] for Asia-1 Sindh08 and 2002 [1999-2004] for Asia-1 G-VIII. We estimated the mean of the overall substitution rate of the VP1 coding region (substitution/site/year) for serotype O (5.95 × 10-3 ), serotype A (1.19 × 10-2 ) and serotype Asia-1 (3.08 × 10-3 ). The potential factors driving the lineage turnover are discussed. Our results provide insights into the ecological and evolutionary factors driving the emergence of FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Brito
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - J K Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Foot and Mouth Disease, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S Subramaniam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Foot and Mouth Disease, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B Pattnaik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Foot and Mouth Disease, Uttarakhand, India
| | - L L Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - B R Moore
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A M Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Barrera J, Brake DA, Kamicker BJ, Purcell C, Kaptur R, Schieber T, Lechtenberg K, Miller TD, Ettyreddy D, Brough DE, Butman BT, Colby M, Neilan JG. Safety profile of a replication-deficient human adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A24 subunit vaccine in cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:447-455. [PMID: 29076657 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The safety of a replication-deficient, human adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A24 Cruzeiro capsid-based subunit vaccine (AdtA24) was evaluated in five independent safety studies. The target animal safety studies were designed in compliance with United States (U.S.) regulatory requirements (Title 9, U.S. Code of Federal Regulation [9CFR]) and international standard guidelines (VICH Topic GL-44) for veterinary live vaccines. The first three studies were conducted in a total of 22 vaccinees and demonstrated that the AdtA24 master seed virus (MSV) was safe, did not revert to virulence and was not shed or spread from vaccinees to susceptible cattle or pigs. The fourth safety study conducted in 10 lactating cows using an AdtA24 vaccine serial showed that the vaccine was completely absent from milk. The fifth safety study was conducted under typical U.S. production field conditions in 500 healthy beef and dairy cattle using two AdtA24 vaccine serials. These results demonstrated that the vaccine was safe when used per the product label recommendations. Additional data collected during these five studies confirmed that AdtA24 vaccinees developed FMDV A24 and the HAd5 vaccine vector serum neutralization antibodies that test negative in a FMDV non-structural protein antibody test, confirming AdtA24 vaccine's capability to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). In conclusion, results from this comprehensive set of cattle studies demonstrated the safety of the replication-deficient AdtA24 vaccine and fulfilled safety-related requirements for U.S. regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barrera
- The McConnell Group, Inc., Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - D A Brake
- BioQuest Associates, LLC, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - B J Kamicker
- Leidos, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | | | - R Kaptur
- Central States Research Centre, Oakland, NE, USA
| | - T Schieber
- Midwest Veterinary Service, Inc., Oakland, NE, USA
| | | | - T D Miller
- Benchmark Biolabs, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - M Colby
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J G Neilan
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
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Liu X, Lv J, Fang Y, Zhou P, Lu Y, Pan L, Zhang Z, Ma J, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Expression and Immunogenicity of Two Recombinant Fusion Proteins Comprising Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Structural Protein VP1 and DC-SIGN-Binding Glycoproteins. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7658970. [PMID: 29119112 PMCID: PMC5651091 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7658970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improving vaccine immunogenicity by targeting antigens to dendritic cells has recently emerged as a new design strategy in vaccine development. In this study, the VP1 gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A was fused with the gene encoding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) membrane glycoprotein gp120 or C2-V3 domain of hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E2, both of which are DC-SIGN-binding glycoproteins. After codon optimization, the VP1 protein and the two recombinant VP1-gp120 and VP1-E2 fusion proteins were expressed in Sf9 insect cells using the insect cell-baculovirus expression system. Western blotting showed that the VP1 protein and two recombinant VP1-gp120 and VP1-E2 fusion proteins were correctly expressed in the Sf9 insect cells and had good reactogenicity. Guinea pigs were then immunized with the purified proteins, and the resulting humoral and cellular immune responses were analyzed. The VP1-gp120 and VP1-E2 fusion proteins induced significantly higher specific anti-FMDV antibody levels than the VP1 protein and stronger cell-mediated immune responses. This study provides a new perspective for the development of novel FMDV subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuzhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanzhen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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A Synonymous Mutation at Bovine Alpha Vitronectin Domain of Integrin Host Receptor (ITGAV) Gene Effect the Susceptibility of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Crossbred Cattle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28567614 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are one of the major biologically active proteins responsible for Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)- host interaction. Out of various heterodimeric integrins discovered, αVβ6 heterodimer serves as the chief receptor for FMDV host tropism. Earlier studies reported that, SNPs at beta 6 subunit (ITGB6) were associated with the occurrence of the diseases in cattle. In this study we report the association between a synonymous SNP (rs719257875) at bovine alpha vitronectin domain of integrin receptor (ITGAV) gene and FMD susceptibility in cattle. A strong significant association (P < 0.0001) of the genotypes with FMD susceptibility were obtained, where the CC genotypes play a major role in occurrence of FMD in crossbred cattle.
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Preserved immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine based on foot-and-mouth disease virus particles with improved stability. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:275-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Borrego B, Blanco E, Rodríguez Pulido M, Mateos F, Lorenzo G, Cardillo S, Smitsaart E, Sobrino F, Sáiz M. Combined administration of synthetic RNA and a conventional vaccine improves immune responses and protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in swine. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:30-36. [PMID: 28315707 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease and a major concern in animal health worldwide. We have previously reported the use of RNA transcripts mimicking structural domains in the non-coding regions of the FMDV RNA as potent type-I interferon (IFN) inducers showing antiviral effect in vivo, as well as their immunomodulatory properties in combination with an FMD vaccine in mice. Here, we describe the enhancing effect of RNA delivery on the immunogenicity and protection induced by a suboptimal dose of a conventional FMD vaccine in pigs. Animals receiving the RNA developed earlier and higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against homologous and heterologous isolates, compared to those immunized with the vaccine alone, and had higher anti-FMDV titers at late times post-vaccination. RNA delivery also induced higher specific T-cell response and protection levels against FMDV challenge. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs inoculated with RNA and the vaccine had a higher IFN-γ specific response than those from pigs receiving the vaccine alone. When challenged with FMDV, all three animals immunized with the conventional vaccine developed antibodies to the non-structural viral proteins 3ABC and two of them developed severe signs of disease. In the group receiving the vaccine together with the RNA, two pigs were fully protected while one showed delayed and mild signs of disease. Our results support the immunomodulatory effect of these RNA molecules in natural hosts and suggest their potential use for improvement of FMD vaccines strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gema Lorenzo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sabrina Cardillo
- Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Garín, B1619 IEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eliana Smitsaart
- Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Garín, B1619 IEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margarita Sáiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Mortenson JA, Khan EHH, Ali I, Manzoor S, Jamil A, Abubakar M, Afzal M, Hussain M. Evaluation of foot and mouth vaccination for yak (Bos grunniens) in Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:691-695. [PMID: 28247287 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In northern Pakistan, many farming communities rely on domestic yak (Bos grunniens) as a principle source of income. A 2006 participatory disease surveillance report from this region indicated that foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most prevalent annual disease of yak. Our objectives of this study were to determine exposure levels of yak to FMD virus; implement a vaccination program based on current, regional FMD virus serotypes and subtypes; and quantify immune responses following vaccination. Blood samples were used to determine pre-vaccination exposure of animals to FMD virus by antibody presence to non-structural proteins of FMD virus using a 3-ABC trapping indirect ELISA. Vaccine used consisted of FMD serotypes 'O' (PanAsia-2), 'A' (Iran-05), and 'Asia-1' (Shamir), but changed later during the study to match newly circulating viruses in the country ('O'-PanAsia-2; 'A'-Turk-06 and Asia-1-Sindh-08). Three hundred sixty-three blood samples were tested from selected villages to determine pre-vaccination FMD virus exposure in yak with an average of 37.7%. Immune responses from initial vaccination and booster dose 30 days later showed clear protective levels (as mean percent inhibition) of antibodies against structural proteins of serotypes 'O,' 'A,' and 'Asia-1.' These responses remained above threshold positive level even at day 210 following initial vaccination. Results of sero-surveillance and anecdotal information of repeated FMD outbreaks demonstrate the persistence of FMD virus of yak in northern Pakistan. Laboratory results and field observations clearly indicated that yak can be protected against FMD with a good quality vaccine with FMD serotype(s) matching current, regionally circulating FMD virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mortenson
- USDA, APHIS, International Services, US Embassy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - E H Haq Khan
- FAO, Progressive Control of FMD Project, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - I Ali
- Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Development Department, Gilgit-Baltistan, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - S Manzoor
- FAO, Progressive Control of FMD Project, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Jamil
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Abubakar
- National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- FAO, Progressive Control of FMD Project, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- FAO, Progressive Control of FMD Project, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Robinson L, Knight-Jones TJD, Charleston B, Rodriguez LL, Gay CG, Sumption KJ, Vosloo W. Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 3 - Vaccines. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 63 Suppl 1:30-41. [PMID: 27320164 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed research knowledge gaps in the field of FMDV (foot-and-mouth disease virus) vaccines. The study took the form of a literature review (2011-15) combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from across the world. Findings were used to identify priority areas for future FMD vaccine research. Vaccines play a vital role in FMD control, used both to limit the spread of the virus during epidemics in FMD-free countries and as the mainstay of disease management in endemic regions, particularly where sanitary controls are difficult to apply. Improvements in the performance or cost-effectiveness of FMD vaccines will allow more widespread and efficient disease control. FMD vaccines have changed little in recent decades, typically produced by inactivation of whole virus, the quantity and stability of the intact viral capsids in the final preparation being key for immunogenicity. However, these are exciting times and several promising novel FMD vaccine candidates have recently been developed. This includes the first FMD vaccine licensed for manufacture and use in the USA; this adenovirus-vectored FMD vaccine causes in vivo expression of viral capsids in vaccinated animals. Another promising vaccine candidate comprises stabilized empty FMDV capsids produced in vitro in a baculovirus expression system. Recombinant technologies are also being developed to improve otherwise conventionally produced inactivated vaccines, for example, by creating a chimeric vaccine virus to increase capsid stability and by inserting sequences into the vaccine virus for desired antigen expression. Other important areas of ongoing research include enhanced adjuvants, vaccine quality control procedures and predicting vaccine protection from immune correlates, thus reducing dependency on animal challenge studies. Globally, the degree of independent vaccine evaluation is highly variable, and this is essential for vaccine quality. Previously neglected, the importance of evaluating vaccination programme effectiveness and impact is increasingly being recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L L Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - C G Gay
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, National Program 103-Animal Health, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - K J Sumption
- European Commission for the Control of FMD (EuFMD), FAO, Rome, Italy
| | - W Vosloo
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO-Biosecurity Flagship, Geelong, Vic., Australia
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Diaz-San Segundo F, Montiel NA, Sturza DF, Perez-Martin E, Hickman D, Ramirez-Medina E, Grubman MJ, de Los Santos T. Combination of Adt-O1Manisa and Ad5-boIFNλ3 induces early protective immunity against foot-and-mouth disease in cattle. Virology 2016; 499:340-349. [PMID: 27743960 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth-disease (FMD) remains the most infectious livestock disease worldwide. Although commercially available inactivated or adenovirus-vectored-vaccines (Ad5-FMD) are effective, they require 5-7 days to induce protection. Therefore, new control strategies that stimulate rapid immune responses are needed. Expression of bovine interferon λ3 using the Ad5-vector platform (Ad5-boIFNλ3) is able to delay disease in cattle, but clinical signs appear at 9 days after challenge. We hypothesized that combination of Ad5-boIFNλ3 and Ad5-FMD could induce immediate and lasting protection against FMD. Cattle were vaccinated with an Ad5-FMD, Ad5-boIFNλ3, or the combination of both, followed by challenge at three days post-immunization. All animals treated with Ad5-FMD combined with Ad5-boIFNλ3 were fully protected against FMD, despite the absence of systemic neutralizing antibodies or antiviral activity at the time of challenge. Induction of a strong cell-mediated immune response suggested that Ad5-boIFNλ3 is able to act as an adjuvant of Ad5-FMD vaccine in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayna Diaz-San Segundo
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Nestor A Montiel
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Diego F Sturza
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Eva Perez-Martin
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Danielle Hickman
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Marvin J Grubman
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Teresa de Los Santos
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
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Ferreira LCL, Cooke RF, Marques RS, Fernandes HJ, Fernandes CE, Stelato R, Franco GL, Lemos RAA. Effects of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus on reproductive performance of beef cows. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:401-5. [PMID: 26812345 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared reproductive performance of cows vaccinated against the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus before timed AI or during early pregnancy (Exp. 1), as well as rectal temperature (RT) and plasma concentrations of the acute-phase protein haptoglobin in cattle vaccinated or not against the FMD virus (Exp. 2). Cattle utilized in Exp. 1 and 2 originated from herds with no historical occurrences of FMD and that received vaccination against the FMD virus biannually. In Exp. 1, 604 lactating, multiparous, nonpregnant Nelore cows were randomly assigned on d -31 of the experiment to receive 1) vaccination against the FMD virus on d ≥ 31 (VACPRE; = 291) and 2) vaccination against FMD virus on d 30 (VACGEST; = 313). From d -11 to 0, all cows were assigned to an estrus synchronization + timed AI (d 0) protocol. Pregnancy status to AI was verified on d 30 and 90 via transrectal ultrasonography. A treatment × day interaction was detected ( < 0.01) for pregnancy rates to AI, which were similar ( = 0.17) between VACPRE and VACGEST on d 30 (61.8% vs. 56.2%, respectively; SEM = 2.8) but greater ( < 0.01) for VACPRE on d 90 (59.4% vs. 46.9%, respectively; SEM = 2.8). Pregnancy loss from d 30 to 90 was greater ( < 0.01) in VACGEST compared with VACPRE (16.5% vs. 3.9%, respectively; SEM = 2.2). In Exp. 2, 40 pregnant Nelore females (20 nulliparous and 20 multiparous cows; BCS = 4.73 ± 0.12) were ranked by parity and assigned to receive (VAC; = 20) or not receive (NOVAC; = 20) vaccination against the FMD virus. Blood samples were collected and RT was recorded before (h 0) and 24, 72, 120, and 168 h after treatment administration. Treatment × day interactions were detected ( < 0.01) for RT and plasma haptoglobin. The RT was greater ( < 0.01) in VAC compared with NOVAC at 24 h after treatment administration and was similar ( ≥ 0.31) between treatments at all other sampling hours. Plasma haptoglobin concentration was similar ( = 0.98) between VAC and NOVAC before treatment administration ( = 0.48) and greater ( < 0.01) in VAC at 24, 72, 120, and 168 h after treatment administration. In summary, vaccinating beef cows against the FMD virus resulted in a 4-fold increase in pregnancy loss when the vaccine was administered 30 d after timed AI compared with 31 d before timed AI. These outcomes can be associated with inflammatory and acute-phase reactions elicited by the FMD vaccine, which are known to impair pregnancy maintenance in cattle.
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47
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Constitutively Active IRF7/IRF3 Fusion Protein Completely Protects Swine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease. J Virol 2016; 90:8809-21. [PMID: 27466421 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00800-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most devastating livestock diseases around the world. Several serotype-specific vaccine formulations exist, but they require about 5 to 7 days to induce protective immunity. Our previous studies have shown that a constitutively active fusion protein of porcine interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) 7 and 3 [IRF7/3(5D)] strongly induced type I IFN and antiviral genes in vitro and prevented mortality in an FMD mouse model when delivered with a replication-defective adenoviral vector [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)]. Here, we demonstrate that pigs treated with 10(8), 10(9), or 10(10) PFU of Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) 24 h before FMDV challenge were fully protected from FMD clinical signs and did not develop viremia, virus shedding or antibodies against FMDV nonstructural proteins. Pigs treated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) had higher levels of IFN and antiviral activity in serum, and upregulated expression of several IFN-stimulated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, compared to pigs treated with Ad5-Blue vector control. Importantly, treatment of porcine cultured cells with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) inhibited the replication of all 7 FMDV serotypes. In vitro experiments using cultured embryonic fibroblasts derived from IFN receptor knockout mice suggested that the antiviral response induced by Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) was dependent on type I and III IFN pathways; however, experiments with mice demonstrated that a functional type I IFN pathway mediates Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) protection conferred in vivo Our studies demonstrate that inoculation with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) completely protects swine against FMD by inducing a strong type I IFN response and highlights its potential application to rapidly and effectively prevent FMDV replication and dissemination. IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a fast-spreading disease that affects farm animals, with economically and socially devastating consequences. Our study shows that inoculation with a constitutively active transcription factor, namely, a fusion protein of porcine interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) 7 and 3 delivered by an adenovirus vector [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)], is a new effective treatment to prevent FMD in swine. Animals pretreated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) 1 day before being exposed to FMDV were completely protected from viral replication and clinical disease. It is noteworthy that the doses of Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) required for protection are lower than those previously reported for similar approaches using Ad5 vectors delivering type I, II, or III IFN, suggesting that this novel strategy would be economically appealing to counteract FMD. Our results also indicate that a dynamic interplay among different components of pigs' innate immune defenses allows potent antiviral effects after Ad5-poIF7/3(5D) administration.
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48
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Shimmon G, Wood BA, Morris A, Mioulet V, Grazioli S, Brocchi E, Berryman S, Tuthill T, King DP, Burman A, Jackson T. Truncated Bovine Integrin Alpha-v/Beta-6 as a Universal Capture Ligand for FMD Diagnosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160696. [PMID: 27494135 PMCID: PMC4975482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in many regions of the world and is one of the most prevalent epizootic animal diseases. FMD affects livestock, such as cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, and causes enormous economic losses due to reduced productivity and trade restrictions. Preparedness and early diagnosis are essential for effective control of FMD. Many diagnostic assays are dependent on raising high-affinity, anti-FMD virus (FMDV) serotype-specific antibodies in small animals (rabbits and guinea pigs) that give broad virus coverage. Here we show that soluble, truncated forms of bovine αvβ6 bind FMDV in an authentic RGD and divalent cation dependent interaction and can be used as the trapping reagent in a FMDV sandwich ELISA. In addition, inclusion of FLAG or His tags facilitates simple purification without the loss of virus binding. We also provide evidence that when combined with a guinea pig polyclonal serum, or serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies, the integrin can be used to detect viruses representative of all FMDV serotypes. We also show that recombinant FMDV empty capsids, with stabilising disulphide bonds, can serve as an antigen in the ELISA and can therefore replace inactivated virus antigen as a positive control for the assay. Our results demonstrate the potential use of bovine αvβ6 and FMDV empty capsids in FMD diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Shimmon
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Britta A. Wood
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Morris
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Mioulet
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Santina Grazioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stephen Berryman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Tuthill
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Donald P. King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Burman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Jackson
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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49
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Novel 6xHis tagged foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine bound to nanolipoprotein adjuvant via metal ions provides antigenic distinction and effective protective immunity. Virology 2016; 495:136-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Li R, Ma Y, Zhai L, Lu Y, Chi X, Wu J, Hu S. Enhanced immune response to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine by oral administration of ginseng stem-leaf saponins. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:257-63. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1184680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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