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Yin Q, Zheng Y, Ying Z, Li J, Jiang Y, Bao W, Dou Y, Pu Y, Lei J, Yang H, Jiang R, Deng Y, Zhao Z, Pu J, Yang J, Li Y, Xu M, Cai W, Che Y, Shi L. Immunogenicity and lot-to-lot consistency of booster shot with Sabin inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine in Chinese children aged 18-24 Months: A phase Ⅳ clinical trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:1973-1979. [PMID: 38388236 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been no data on the immunogenicity and safety of the 4th booster dose of the sIPV immunization in 18-24 months old children in post-marketing studies of large cohort providing with robust results. METHOD In a phase Ⅳ randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, 1200 participants aged 2 months were immunized with three consecutive doses of sIPV at 2, 3, and 4 months old to complete primary immunization. Out of the 1200 participants, 1129 received the 4th dose of sIPV as booster immunization. Immunogenicity was evaluated in 1100 participants. RESULTS Seropositive rates of the anti-poliovirus type 1, 2, and 3 neutralizing antibodies were 99.9 %, 98.0 %, 98.2 %, respectively, with GMTs of 557.0, 146.1, 362.0 one year after primary vaccination. After booster vaccination between 18 and 24 months old, the seropositive rates for 3 types all reached 100.0 %, with GMTs of 8343.6, 5039.6, 5492.0, respectively. Particularly for the anti-poliovirus type 2 antibody, the GMT was 230.4 after primary immunization, maintained to 146.1 one year after primary immunization, and increased to as high as 5039.6 after booster vaccination. The GMT ratios between each batch groups after booster immunization were between 0.67 and 1.50, meeting the immunological equivalence criteria. The incidence rate of adverse reaction was 23.0 %, which was comparable to those in the phase Ⅲ trial but had a lower incidence. Furthermore, no SUSAR was reported in this study. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, as the anti-poliovirus antibodies gradually waned one year post sIPV primary vaccination, especially the type 2 antibody waned to a very low level, suggesting the importance of the booster immunization for children at the age of 18-24 months old. The booster shot can greatly enhance the antibody level and protect children from the potential risk of infection with WPV and VDPV by supplementing the anti-poliovirus type 2 immunity gap in the current real world. Clinic Trial Registration. NCT04224519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongzhou Yin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Vaccine Clinical Research Center, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhifang Ying
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Vaccine Clinical Research Center, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Jiang
- Mile Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mile, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenmei Bao
- Gejiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Youjian Dou
- Mile Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mile, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Pu
- Gejiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Lei
- Gejiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Vaccine Clinical Research Center, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiju Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhimei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Pu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanchun Che
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Kouiavskaia D, Mirochnitchenko O, Troy S, Chumakov K. Antigenic diversity of type 1 polioviruses and its implications for the efficacy of polio vaccines. Vaccine 2023; 41:2147-2154. [PMID: 36828716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Inactivated Polio Vaccines (IPV) and live Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) were introduced in the mid-20th century, and their coordinated worldwide use led to almost complete elimination of the disease, with only one serotype of poliovirus remaining endemic in just two countries. Polio eradication will lead to discontinuation of OPV use and its replacement with IPV or other vaccines that are currently under development that will need to be tested in clinical trials. Despite decades of research, questions remain about the serological correlates of polio vaccine efficacy, specifically whether the vaccines are equally protective against immunologically different strains of the same serotype. The absence of significant morbidity does not allow use of a protection endpoint in clinical trials, so the answer could be obtained only by using surrogate markers such as immunogenicity. In this study, a panel of wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses of serotype 1 were tested in neutralization assays with sera from vaccine-immunized individuals. The results demonstrated that there was a significant difference in titers of neutralizing antibodies in human sera when measured against different strains. When measured with a homologous strain used for vaccine manufacture all subjects had detectable levels of antibodies, while neutralization tests with some heterologous strains failed to detect neutralizing antibodies in a number of subjects. Administration of a booster dose of IPV led to a significant increase in neutralizing titers against all strains. Results of the experiments using animal sera, performed to obtain more information on protectivity of neutralizing antibodies against heterologous strains, were consistent with the results obtained in the assays using human sera. These results are discussed in the context of serological biomarkers of protection against poliomyelitis, suggesting that potency of vaccines made from serologically different strains should be determined against both homologous and heterologous challenge viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie Troy
- Center for Drugs Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated Sabin-Strain Polio Vaccine "PoliovacSin": Clinical Trials Phase I and II. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060565. [PMID: 34072466 PMCID: PMC8229617 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global polio eradication requires both safe and effective vaccines, and safe production processes. Sabin oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) strains can evolve to virulent viruses and result in poliomyelitis outbreaks, and conventional inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (Salk-IPV) production includes accumulation of large stocks of neurovirulent wild polioviruses. Therefore, IPV based on attenuated OPV strains seems a viable option. To increase the global supply of affordable inactivated vaccine in the still not-polio free world we developed an IPV made from the Sabin strains–PoliovacSin. Clinical trials included participants 18–60 years of age. A phase I single-center, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial included 60 participants, who received one dose of PoliovacSin or Placebo. A phase II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical trial included 200 participants, who received one dose of PoliovacSin or Imovax Polio. All vaccinations were well tolerated, and PoliovacSin had a comparable safety profile to the Placebo or the reference Imovax Polio preparations. A significant increase in neutralizing antibody levels to polioviruses types 1–3 (Sabin and wild) was observed in PoliovacSin and Imovax Polio vaccinated groups. Therefore, clinical trials confirmed good tolerability, low reactogenicity, and high safety profile of the PoliovacSin and its pronounced immunogenic properties. The preparation was approved for clinical trials involving infants.
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Tang R, Li G, Zhang C, Zhi H, Zhu J, Wang J, Liang Q, Hu Y, Li C. A phase Ⅱ, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a Sabin strain-based inactivated polio vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2641-2648. [PMID: 32347778 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1745593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase Ⅱ, randomized, controlled trial aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a various Sabin IPV preparations. Six hundred infants aged 60 ~ 90 days received one of five different vaccines: low- (group A), medium- (group B) or high-D antigen content (group C) of an experimental Sabin IPV, control Sabin IPV (group D) or control Salk IPV (group E), on a 0-1-2 month schedule. Participants were observed and followed up within 30 days of each dose to assess safety. Serum samples were collected before the first dose and 30 days after the third dose to assess immunogenicity. After three doses, type-1 seroconversion rates of groups A-E were 99.1%, 100.0%, 99.1%, 99.0%, and 93.4%, respectively; type-2 seroconversion rates were 93.5%, 97.1%, 98.1%, 95.1%, and 91.5%, respectively; and type-3 seroconversion rates were 95.4%, 98.1%, 98.1%, 95.1%, and 100.0%, respectively. Only type-1 seroconversion rates differed significantly for group E. The incidences of injection-site redness (A: 21.9%, B: 23.7%, C: 29.4%, D: 16.2%, E: 12.7%), swelling (A: 6.7%, B: 6.8%, C: 5.0%, D: 0.0%, E: 1.7%) and pain (A: 5.0%, B: 6.8%, C: 7.6%, D: 0.0%, E: 0.9%) all were significantly higher for experimental vaccines relative to control groups. No SAEs were detected related to vaccination, and most adverse reactions were mild or moderate in severity. In conclusion, the experimental Sabin IPVs with low-, medium-, and high-D antigen content all revealed good safety and immunogenicity profiles although being more reactogenic than the control vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) , Jiangsu, China
| | - Guifan Li
- Department of Registration, Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd , Beijing, China
| | - Chengfu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lianshui, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengkui Zhi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Dafeng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Dafeng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lianshui, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Dafeng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Dafeng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) , Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuemei Hu
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) , Jiangsu, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
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Kurosawa Y, Sato S, Okuyama T, Taoka M. Sequential two-step chromatographic purification of infectious poliovirus using ceramic fluoroapatite and ceramic hydroxyapatite columns. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222199. [PMID: 31536514 PMCID: PMC6752803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious virus purification techniques are important for vaccine development and gene therapy applications. However, the standardized one-step purification technique using ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHAp) has proven unsuitable for poliovirus. Therefore, we designed a sequential two-step chromatographic technique for purification of the infectious Sabin type 2 vaccine strain of poliovirus from the cell culture supernatant. In the first step, we removed protein contaminants from the Sabin type 2 virus fraction by pH gradient elution on a ceramic fluoroapatite column. In the second step, we removed double-stranded DNA derived from host cells by diluting the virus fraction, directly loading it on a CHAp column, and purifying it using a phosphate gradient with 1 M sodium chloride. This process achieved removal rates of more than 99.95% and 99.99% for proteins and double-stranded DNA, respectively, and was highly reproducible and scalable. Furthermore, it is likely that it will be applicable to other virus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Kurosawa
- R&D Department, HOYA Technosurgical Corporation, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Sato
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Okuyama
- R&D Department, HOYA Technosurgical Corporation, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- Protein Technos Institute, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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[Polio vaccines and biorisk management of polioviruses]. Uirusu 2019; 68:31-40. [PMID: 31105133 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.68.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Japan is the first country where inactivated polio vaccines derived from Sabin attenuated strains, which are used to manufacture oral polio vaccines, were introduced in routine immunization program. The Sabin-derived inactivated vaccine has been developed based on the fact that Sabin strains are less neurovirulent and manufactured at safer productionfacilities than wild polioviruses. It is also convincing that Sabin strains are more safely used for evaluating the efficacy of inactivated vaccines in rat immunogenicity tests. However, in the current situation where polioviruses are close to being eradicated, the facilities that manufacture vaccines and/or conduct quality control of them are needed to meet the biorisk management requirements established by WHO, which are based on the Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018. At present, type 2 polioviruses including Sabin 2 strain should be contained in the facilities which meet the WHO biorisk management requirements. The respective facilities are expected to give full consideration based on a careful risk assessment of viral transmission not only to personnel, but also to the environment and the community around the facilities, and the establishment of biorisk management will be needed. Thus, the facilities handling and storing infectious polioviruses must be certified as poliovirus-essential facilities following the WHO biorisk management requirements.
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Sun M, Li C, Xu W, Liao G, Li R, Zhou J, Li Y, Cai W, Yan D, Che Y, Ying Z, Wang J, Yang H, Ma Y, Ma L, Ji G, Shi L, Jiang S, Li Q. Immune Serum From Sabin Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Immunization Neutralizes Multiple Individual Wild and Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:1317-1325. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan,
| | - Changgui Li
- Third Division of Viral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, and
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,
| | - Guoyang Liao
- No. 5 Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan,
| | - Rongcheng Li
- Vaccine Clinical Research Center, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, and
| | - Jian Zhou
- No. 4 Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Vaccine Clinical Research Center, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, and
| | - Wei Cai
- No. 4 Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,
| | - Yanchun Che
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan,
| | - Zhifang Ying
- Third Division of Viral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, and
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Third Division of Viral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, and
| | - Huijuan Yang
- No. 4 Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- No. 4 Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Ma
- No. 5 Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan,
| | - Guang Ji
- No. 4 Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan,
| | - Shude Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan,
| | - Qihan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan,
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Liao G, Li R, Li C, Sun M, Jiang S, Li Y, Mo Z, Xia J, Xie Z, Che Y, Yang J, Yin Z, Wang J, Chu J, Cai W, Zhou J, Wang J, Li Q. Phase 3 Trial of a Sabin Strain–Based Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1728-1734. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Okayasu H, Sutter RW, Jafari HS, Takane M, Aylward RB. Affordable inactivated poliovirus vaccine: strategies and progress. J Infect Dis 2014; 210 Suppl 1:S459-64. [PMID: 25316868 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After polio eradication is achieved, the use of live-attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) must be discontinued because of the inherent risk of the Sabin strains to revert to neurovirulence and reacquire greater transmissibility that could potentially result in the reestablishment of polio transmission. In 2008, the World Health Assembly mandated that the World Health Organization establish a strategy for developing more-affordable inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) options for low-income countries. In 2012, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization recommended universal IPV introduction as a risk-mitigation strategy before the phased cessation of OPV (starting with Sabin type 2) and emphasized the need for affordable IPV options. In 2013, SAGE reiterated the importance of attaining the long-term target price of IPV at approximately $0.5 per immunizing dose and encouraged accelerated efforts to develop lower-cost IPV options. This article outlines the 4-pronged approach that is being pursued to develop affordable options and provides an update on the current status and plans to make IPV affordable for developing-country use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Okayasu
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roland W Sutter
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hamid S Jafari
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marina Takane
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Bruce Aylward
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Inactivated vaccines have been used for over a century to induce protection against viral pathogens. This established approach of vaccine production is relatively straightforward to achieve and there is an augmented safety profile as compared to their live counterparts. Today, there are six viral pathogens for which licensed inactivated vaccines are available with many more in development. Here, we describe the principles of viral inactivation and the application of these principles to vaccine development. Specifically emphasized are the manufacturing procedure and the accompanying assays, of which assays used for monitoring the inactivation process and preservation of neutralizing epitopes, are pivotal. Novel inactivated vaccines in development and the hurdles they face for licensure are also discussed as well as the (dis)advantages of inactivation over the other vaccine production methodologies.
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Development and introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccines derived from Sabin strains in Japan. Vaccine 2014; 34:1975-85. [PMID: 25448090 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the endgame of global polio eradication, the universal introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccines is urgently required to reduce the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and polio outbreaks due to wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses. In particular, the development of inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPVs) derived from the attenuated Sabin strains is considered to be a highly favorable option for the production of novel IPV that reduce the risk of facility-acquired transmission of poliovirus to the communities. In Japan, Sabin-derived IPVs (sIPVs) have been developed and introduced for routine immunization in November 2012. They are the first licensed sIPVs in the world. Consequently, trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine was used for polio control in Japan for more than half a century but has now been removed from the list of vaccines licensed for routine immunization. This paper reviews the development, introduction, characterization, and global status of IPV derived from attenuated Sabin strains.
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Verdijk P, Rots NY, van Oijen MG, Weldon WC, Oberste MS, Okayasu H, Sutter RW, Bakker WA. Safety and immunogenicity of a primary series of Sabin-IPV with and without aluminum hydroxide in infants. Vaccine 2014; 32:4938-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Shirato H, Someya Y, Ochiai M, Horiuchi Y, Takahashi M, Takeda N, Wakabayashi K, Ouchi Y, Ota Y, Tano Y, Abe S, Yamazaki S, Wakita T. A national reference for inactivated polio vaccine derived from Sabin strains in Japan. Vaccine 2014; 32:5163-9. [PMID: 25090648 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As one aspect of its campaign to eradicate poliomyelitis, the World Health Organization (WHO) has encouraged development of the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) derived from the Sabin strains (sIPV) as an option for an affordable polio vaccine, especially in low-income countries. The Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute (JPRI) inactivated three serotypes of the Sabin strains and made sIPV preparations, including serotypes 1, 2 and 3 D-antigens in the ratio of 3:100:100. The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan, assessed the immunogenic stability of these sIPV preparations in a rat potency test, according to an evaluation method recommended by the WHO. The immunogenicity of the three serotypes was maintained for at least 4 years when properly stored under -70°C. Based on these data, the sIPV preparations made by JPRI have been approved as national reference vaccines by the Japanese national control authority and used for the quality control of the tetracomponent sIPV-containing diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis combination vaccines that were licensed for a routine polio immunization in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Shirato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yuichi Someya
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ochiai
- Division of Quality Assurance, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Horiuchi
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Motohide Takahashi
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Naokazu Takeda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kengo Wakabayashi
- Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, 5-34-4 Kumegawa, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo 189-0003, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ouchi
- Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, 5-34-4 Kumegawa, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo 189-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ota
- Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, 5-34-4 Kumegawa, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo 189-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tano
- Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, 5-34-4 Kumegawa, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo 189-0003, Japan
| | - Shinobu Abe
- Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, 5-34-4 Kumegawa, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo 189-0003, Japan
| | - Shudo Yamazaki
- Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, 5-34-4 Kumegawa, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo 189-0003, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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Development of thermostable lyophilized inactivated polio vaccine. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2618-29. [PMID: 24760448 PMCID: PMC4197379 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of current study was to develop a dried inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) formulation with minimal loss during the drying process and improved stability when compared with the conventional liquid IPV. METHODS Extensive excipient screening was combined with the use of a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach in order to achieve optimal results with high probability. RESULTS Although it was shown earlier that the lyophilization of a trivalent IPV while conserving its antigenicity is challenging, we were able to develop a formulation that showed minimal loss of potency during drying and subsequent storage at higher temperatures. CONCLUSION This study showed the potential of a highly stable and safe lyophilized polio vaccine, which might be used in developing countries without the need of a cold-chain.
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Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine based on Sabin strains with and without aluminum hydroxide: A phase I trial in healthy adults. Vaccine 2013; 31:5531-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Poliovirus vaccination options for achieving eradication and securing the endgame. Curr Opin Virol 2013; 3:309-15. [PMID: 23759252 PMCID: PMC10395005 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to globally eradicate poliomyelitis. As part of a four-pronged strategy with establishment of enhanced surveillance, institution of national immunization days, strengthening routine immunization, and carrying-out mopping-up activities, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was selected as the vaccine-of-choice for eradication. Massive OPV use decreased the number of polio-endemic countries from >125 countries in 1988 to only 3 in 2012 and led to a >99.9% decrease in polio incidence in the corresponding period. In this communication, we will discuss polio vaccination options to accelerate eradication, to mitigate the risks during the planned withdrawal of type 2 OPV, and to secure eradication for future generations.
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Liao G, Li R, Li C, Sun M, Li Y, Chu J, Jiang S, Li Q. Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Made From Sabin Strains: A Phase II, Randomized, Positive-Controlled Trial. J Infect Dis 2011; 205:237-43. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Intranasal administration of a flagellin-adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine enhances mucosal immune responses to protect mice against lethal infection. Vaccine 2011; 30:466-74. [PMID: 22051136 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influenza virus, a mucosal pathogen that infects the respiratory tract, is a major global health issue. There have been attempts to mucosally administer inactivated influenza vaccines to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. However, mucosally administered inactivated influenza vaccine has low immunogenicity, which is partially due to the lack of an effective mucosal adjuvant. The development of a safe and effective mucosal adjuvant is a prerequisite to the practical use of a mucosal inactivated influenza vaccine. We have previously demonstrated that a bacterial flagellin, Vibrio vulnificus FlaB, when mixed with antigen and administered intranasally, exerts a strong mucosal adjuvant activity by stimulating the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). In this study, we tested whether the FlaB protein could serve as an effective mucosal adjuvant for an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) manufactured for humans; in a murine vaccination model, this vaccine consists of A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1 subtype), A/Uruguay/716/07 (H3N2 subtype), and B/Florida/4/06 (B type). Intranasal co-administration of the TIV with FlaB induced prominent humoral responses as demonstrated by high influenza-specific IgA levels in both the mucosal secretions and serum and significant specific IgG induction in the systemic compartment. The FlaB protein significantly potentiated influenza-specific cytokine production by draining lymph node cells and splenocytes. The FlaB mucosal adjuvant conferred excellent protection against a lethal challenge with a live virulent virus with high hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody (Ab) titers. The FlaB did not accumulate in the olfactory nerve and epithelium, guaranteeing against a retrograde uptake into the central nervous system. These results suggest that FlaB can be used as a promising mucosal adjuvant for nasal inactivated influenza vaccine development.
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Barnes E, Pollard AJ. Vaccines in clinical trials: infectious disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2011; 10:555-7. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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