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Kadota Y, Yamanokuchi R, Ohnishi N, Matsuoka M, Kawakami T, Sato M, Suzuki S. Metallothionein Gene Deficiency Facilitates the Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts into Slow-Twitch Myotubes. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1240-1248. [PMID: 37661403 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) 1 and 2 are ubiquitously expressed cysteine-rich, low molecular weight proteins. MT expression is upregulated in skeletal muscle during aging. MTs also play role in multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy. Meanwhile, it has been reported that MT1 and MT2 gene deficiency increases myogenesis in MT knockout (MTKO) mice. However, little is known about the effect of MTs on muscle formation and atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effect of MT1 and MT2 gene knock-out using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system in an in vitro skeletal muscle differentiation model (C2C12 cell line). MT deficiency promoted myogenic differentiation and myotube formation in C2C12 cells. Muscle-specific transcription factors MyoD and myogenin were found to be upregulated at the late stage of myotube differentiation in MTKO cells. Furthermore, the fast-twitch myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein expression was similar in MTKO and mock-transfected myotubes, but slow-MyHC expression was higher in MTKO cells than in mock cells. The MT gene deletion did not affect the number of fast MyHC-positive myotubes but increased the number of slow MyHC-positive myotubes. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited the increase in the number of slow MyHC-positive myotubes as well as slow-MyHC expression in MTKO cells. In contrast, NAC treatment did not alter the number of fast MyHC-positive myotubes or the expression of fast-MyHC in MTKO cells. These results suggest that the antioxidant effects of MTs may be involved in slow-twitch myofiber formation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kadota
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Ryo Yamanokuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Nodoka Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Mami Matsuoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | | | - Masao Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Shinya Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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Identifying sarcopenia among post-stroke older people. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cipolli GC, Aprahamian I, Borim FSA, Falcão DVS, Cachioni M, de Melo RC, Batistoni SST, Neri AL, Yassuda MS. Probable sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults: results from the FIBRA study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:376-383. [PMID: 34161525 PMCID: PMC9394561 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment has not yet been thoroughly evaluated, especially among older adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between probable sarcopenia and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in two Brazilian cities. METHODS Probable sarcopenia was assessed using the EWGSOP2 (2018) criteria. Thus, participants were classified as probably having sarcopenia if they had SARC-F (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls) ≥4 points and low grip strength. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), verbal fluency (VF) and clock drawing test (CDT). RESULTS In a sample of 529 older adults (mean age 80.8±4.9 years; mean education 4.2±3.67 years; 70.1% women), 27.3% of the participants had SARC-F≥4, 38.3% had low grip strength and 13.6% were classified as probable sarcopenia cases. After adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, education, depression, diabetes, hypertension, leisure-time physical activity and obesity), probable sarcopenia was found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 2.52; 95%CI 1.42‒4.47; p=0.002) and in VF (OR 2.17; 95%CI 1.17‒4.01; p=0.014). Low grip strength was found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.18‒2.82; p=0.006) and in the CDT (OR 1.79; 95%CI 1.18‒2.73; p=0.006). SARC-F scores were found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.18‒3.06; p=0.008). CONCLUSION The results suggested that probable sarcopenia and its components present a significant association with cognitive deficits among community-dwelling older adults. Future longitudinal studies will further explore the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cabett Cipolli
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Faculdade de Medicina de JundiaíDepartamento de Clínica MédicaJundiaíSPBrazilFaculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Grupo de Investigação sobre Multimorbidade e Saúde Mental no Envelhecimento, Jundiaí SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Silva Arbex Borim
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
- Universidade de BrasíliaFaculdade de Ciências de SaúdeDepartamento de Saúde ColetivaBrasíliaDFBrazilUniversidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Brasília DF, Brazil.
| | - Deusivania Vieira Silva Falcão
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Meire Cachioni
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
| | - Ruth Calderia de Melo
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Samila Sathler Tavares Batistoni
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
| | - Anita Liberaleso Neri
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Sanches Yassuda
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
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Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051293. [PMID: 32370051 PMCID: PMC7282252 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a geriatric disease characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and loss of muscle function, constitutes a rising, often undiagnosed health problem. Its prevalence in the elderly population is largely considered variable, as it ranges from 5% to 50% depending on gender, age, pathological conditions as well as diagnostic criteria. There is no one unified approach of treatment or assessment, which makes sarcopenia even harder to assess. There is a pressing need to provide better diagnosis, diagnostics, prevention, and individualized health care. Physical activity and nutrition are the main studied ways to prevent sarcopenia, and they also offer better outcomes. This review aims to report the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults, its etiology, prevention, and treatment techniques.
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Gomes MJ, Martinez PF, Pagan LU, Damatto RL, Cezar MDM, Lima ARR, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP. Skeletal muscle aging: influence of oxidative stress and physical exercise. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20428-20440. [PMID: 28099900 PMCID: PMC5386774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle abnormalities are responsible for significant disability in the elderly. Sarcopenia is the main alteration occurring during senescence and a key public health issue as it predicts frailty, poor quality of life, and mortality. Several factors such as reduced physical activity, hormonal changes, insulin resistance, genetic susceptibility, appetite loss, and nutritional deficiencies are involved in the physiopathology of muscle changes. Sarcopenia is characterized by structural, biochemical, molecular and functional muscle changes. An imbalance between anabolic and catabolic intracellular signaling pathways and an increase in oxidative stress both play important roles in muscle abnormalities. Currently, despite the discovery of new targets and development of new drugs, nonpharmacological therapies such as physical exercise and nutritional support are considered the basis for prevention and treatment of age-associated muscle abnormalities. There has been an increase in information on signaling pathways beneficially modulated by exercise; nonetheless, studies are needed to establish the best type, intensity, and frequency of exercise to prevent or treat age-induced skeletal muscle alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Janini Gomes
- Botucatu Medical School, Internal Medicine Departament, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Felippe Martinez
- School of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Luana Urbano Pagan
- Botucatu Medical School, Internal Medicine Departament, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Damatto
- Botucatu Medical School, Internal Medicine Departament, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Regina Ruiz Lima
- Botucatu Medical School, Internal Medicine Departament, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Botucatu Medical School, Internal Medicine Departament, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Botucatu Medical School, Internal Medicine Departament, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Populations and outcome measures used in ongoing research in sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:695-700. [PMID: 27481122 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia research may be hampered by the heterogeneity of populations and outcome measures used in clinical studies. AIM The aim of this study was to describe the inclusion/exclusion criteria and outcome measures used in ongoing research in sarcopenia. METHODS All active intervention studies registered in the World Health Organization with the keyword sarcopenia were included. Study design, type of intervention, inclusion/exclusion criteria and outcome measures were registered and classified. RESULTS In April 2014, 151 studies on sarcopenia were registered in the WHO database. One hundred twenty-three were intervention studies. Most trials (94.3 %) were single centre and randomized (93.5 %), 51.2 % were double blind. Nutritional interventions (36.6 %), physical exercise (12.2 %) or both (19.5 %) were the most common interventions tested. Only 54.4 % included subjects of both genders, and 46.3 % had an upper age limit. Definition of the target populations was heterogeneous, with 57.7 % including healthy subjects and none using recent definitions of sarcopenia. Lifestyle and the degree of physical activity of subjects were not described or considered in most cases (79.7 %). Subjects with cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric or metabolic disorders and those with physical disability were usually excluded. Muscle mass and muscle strength were the primary outcome variables in 28.5 and 29.5 % of studies and physical performance in 19.5 %, but only 4.1 % used the three variables used the three of them. An additional 26.8 % used biological outcome variables. Little information and agreement existed in the way muscle and physical performance parameters were measured. CONCLUSIONS We found a large heterogeneity in trial design, definition of populations and outcome measures in present research.
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Kilsby AJ, Sayer AA, Witham MD. Selecting Potential Pharmacological Interventions in Sarcopenia. Drugs Aging 2017; 34:233-240. [DOI: 10.1007/s40266-017-0444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Colonetti T, Grande AJ, Milton K, Foster C, Alexandre MCM, Uggioni MLR, Rosa MID. Effects of whey protein supplement in the elderly submitted to resistance training: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:257-264. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1232702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamy Colonetti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Antonio Jose Grande
- Laboratory of Evidence-based Practice, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Karen Milton
- British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlie Foster
- British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Maria Inês da Rosa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, Brazil
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The role of sarcopenia in the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34:1673-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Friedman J, Lussiez A, Sullivan J, Wang S, Englesbe M. Implications of Sarcopenia in Major Surgery. Nutr Clin Pract 2015; 30:175-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533615569888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Friedman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alisha Lussiez
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - June Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stewart Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Englesbe
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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