Centros de Atenção Psicossocial - álcool e drogas: perfil dos usuários

Hospitalization due to mental and behavioral disorders caused by use of alcohol and psychoactive substances among older adults and elderly people in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

It has been estimated that 17% of individuals aged 50 years or older suffer from addiction to legal or illegal drugs. Use of alcohol and psychoactive substances has been correlated with several diseases, e.g. psychiatric conditions and cardiovascular and sexual dysfunctions.

OBJECTIVE

To discuss the Brazilian profile of mental and behavioral disorders caused by use of alcohol and psychoactive substances among older adults and elderly people, over the period from 2008 to 2019.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Cross-sectional study conducted among Brazilians aged 50 years or older.

METHODS

Hospitalization due to mental and behavioral disorders caused by use of alcohol and psychoactive substances was assessed through data obtained from the National Health System Department of Informatics (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, DATASUS).

RESULTS

Decreasing and steady trends of hospitalization due to mental and behavioral disorders caused by use of alcohol among both men and women at all ages were observed. Similar trends were reported for all age ranges among men and women aged 60 years and older. In contrast, a slight increase was seen among women aged 50 to 59 years.

CONCLUSION

These data are crucial for qualifying mental healthcare for older adults and elderly people and for planning mental health services.

Primary care registration of the mental health needs of patients treated at outpatient specialized services: results from a medium-sized city in Brazil

BACKGROUND

Although matrix support seeks to promote integrating Primary Care with specialized mental health services in Brazil, little is known about the quantitative impact of this strategy on sharing cases between different levels of care. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with Primary Care registration of the mental health needs of patients treated at outpatient specialized services in a medium-sized city in Brazil with recent implementation of matrix support.

METHODS

This is a document-based cross-sectional study conducted through an analysis of 1198 patients' medical records. Crude and adjusted associations with the outcome were explored using logistic regression.

RESULTS

The prevalence of cases registered in Primary Care was 40% (n = 479). Evidence was found for associations between the outcome and the patients being over 30 years old, and referral by emergency or hospital services. There was conversely an inverse association between the outcome and status as a patient from the Outpatient Clinic or from the Psychosocial Care Center for psychoactive substance misuse.

CONCLUSIONS

Even with the provision of mechanisms for network integration, such as matrix support, our results suggest that more groundwork is necessary to ensure that sharing cases between Primary Care and specialized services is effective.

Violência institucional e enfermidade mental: narrativas de egressos de um manicômio da Bahia

RESUMO Sob a perspectiva da Reforma Psiquiátrica, a presente pesquisa objetivou apresentar relatos de violência institucional em internações de longa duração em um manicômio a partir de itinerários de vida de pessoas em processo de desinstitucionalização. Foi realizada observação participante de nove beneficiários do Programa De Volta para Casa desospitalizados há 13 anos em município de grande porte da Bahia. Os diários de campo, assim como transcrições de entrevistas semiestruturadas com três profissionais de saúde, foram transformados em nove narrativas, que, analisadas qualitativamente, permitiram identificar violências sofridas no período anterior à admissão no hospital e da internação. As razões de internação diferiram por gênero: homens foram internados por crimes contra a pessoa; mulheres, por ‘quebra de resguardo’, frustrações amorosas e violência física e sexual. Durante a internação, emergiram o cotidiano administrado e a exposição à violência institucional (ausência de atividades socioterapêuticas, medicação em doses punitivas com efeito sedativo, negligência à saúde física, agressão física, confinamento, ‘injeção’ e ‘choque elétrico’, preconceito, estigma), em que os sujeitos tiveram neutralizadas suas possibilidades de reação à dominação. Os resultados proporcionaram reflexão sobre a violência do Estado, crucial no atual contexto de desconstrução da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental.