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Lodetti G, de Bitencourt RM, Rico EP. Classic psychedelics and the treatment for alcoholism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111129. [PMID: 39181308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is a harmful drug, and reducing its consumption is a significant challenge for users. Furthermore, alcohol dependence is often treatment-resistant, and no completely effective treatment model is available for chemical dependence. Classic psychedelics, such as LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca have been used in different clinical and pre-clinical trials, demonstrating promising pharmacotherapeutic effects in the treatment of treatment-resistant psychopathological conditions, such as addiction, especially related to alcohol dependence. In this work, we conducted a narrative review of the emerging research regarding the potential of psychedelics for alcohol use disorder treatment. Psychedelic substances have demonstrated potential for treating drug addiction, especially AUD, mostly by modulating neuroplasticity in the brain. Given that serotonergic psychedelics do not produce physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms with repeated use, they may be considered promising treatment options for managing drug use disorders. However, certain limitations could be found. Although many participants achieve positive results with only one treatment dose in clinical studies, great inter-individual variability exists in the duration of these effects. Therefore, further studies using different doses and experimental protocols should be conducted to enhance evidence about psychedelic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Lodetti
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mariano de Bitencourt
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Liu X, Jin X, Cen W, Liu Y, Luo S, You J, Tian S. Building a predictive model for depression risk in fracture patients: insights from cross-sectional NHANES 2005-2020 data and an external hospital-based dataset. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2328. [PMID: 39192230 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression represents a frequent mental health challenge in individuals with fractures, negatively impacting their recuperation and overall well-being. The purpose of this research was to formulate and corroborate a prognostic framework for pinpointing depression risk among fracture sufferers by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2020 and a separate hospital-based group. METHODS We analyzed records from 1,748 individuals with fractures documented in the NHANES database spanning 2005 to 2020, of which 362 were diagnosed with depression, as indicated by a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of 10 or higher. An additional validation group comprised 360 fracture patients sourced from a medical center. Considered variables for prediction encompassed demographic details, lifestyle habits, past medical conditions, and laboratory results. The method of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression facilitated the narrowing down of variables, while multivariate logistic regression was employed to pinpoint significant predictors. To assist in prediction, a nomogram was designed and subsequently validated. RESULTS Five independent predictors were identified: drinking, insomnia, poverty-to-income ratio, education level, and white blood cell count. The nomogram showed good discrimination in the NHANES cohorts (training area under the curve (AUC) 0.734, validation AUC 0.740) and hospital-based external validation (AUC 0.711). Calibration curves and decision analysis supported its predictive accuracy and clinical value. CONCLUSION The constructed nomogram offers a precise and clinically relevant instrument for forecasting depression risk in patients with fractures, facilitating the early detection of individuals at high risk and enabling prompt intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Departmentf Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Wujia Cen
- Department of Ultrasound, Cixi Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine Medical Health Group, Ningbo, Zhenging, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, People's Republic, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoting Luo
- Departmentf Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Sha Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Lac A. Drinking to Cope With the COVID-19 Pandemic Mediates Pathways From COVID-19 Anxiety to Alcohol Use and Alcohol Myopia Consequences. J Dual Diagn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38742669 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2024.2343372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People may consume alcohol to cope with the stressors and anxieties of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study applied the self-medication hypothesis, tension reduction hypothesis, and alcohol myopia theory to understand COVID-19 alcohol coping as a mediator of the pathways from COVID-19 anxiety to alcohol use and alcohol consequences. METHODS Participants (N = 477) were undergraduate college students. The mean age was 22.14 (SD = 5.66) years. Gender distribution included 73% females, 26% males, and 1% transgender. Racial categories included 70% White, 11% Latino, 5% Black, 5% Asian, and 9% multiracial. They completed the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the COVID-19 Alcohol Coping Scale developed and validated in the present study, measures of drinking frequency and drinking quantity, and the Alcohol Myopia Scale to assess alcohol consequences. RESULTS First, confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement structure of the COVID-19 Alcohol Coping Scale. Second, a general structural equation model containing only latent factors provided evidence for the following pathways: COVID-19 anxiety to COVID-19 alcohol coping to overall alcohol use to alcohol myopia consequences. Third, a specific structural equation model separated the overall alcohol use factor into two measures of drinking frequency and drinking quantity. Results found that COVID-19 alcohol coping uniquely explained drinking frequency (but not drinking quantity), indicating that the pursuit of alcohol to cope with the pandemic was related to more frequent days of alcohol use but not more concentrated use on drinking days. Tests of indirect effects corroborated the mediational pathways in the explanatory models. CONCLUSIONS The research offers insights into understanding that the risk connections from COVID-19 anxiety to alcohol behavioral outcomes are mediated by alcohol use to cope with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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4
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Freitas L, Amaral A, Conceição R, Barbosa G, Hamoy MK, Barbosa A, Paz C, Santos M, Hamoy A, Paz A, Favacho-Lopes D, Mello V, Hamoy M. Potentiation of the depressant effect of alcohol by flunitrazepam in rats: an electrocorticographic, respiratory and electrocardiographic study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03111-w. [PMID: 38676788 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol, a widely commercialized psychotropic drug, and the benzodiazepine Flunitrazepam, an anxiolytic widely prescribed for patients with anxiety and insomnia problems, are well known drugs and both act on the central nervous system. The misuse and the association of these two drugs are public health concerns in several countries and could cause momentary, long-lasting and even lethal neurophysiological problems due to the potentiation of their adverse effects in synergy. The present study observed the result of the association of these drugs on electrophysiological responses in the brain, heart, and respiratory rate in Wistar rats. 8 experimental groups were determined: control, one alcohol group (20% at a dose of 1 ml/100 g VO), three Flunitrazepam groups (doses 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg) and three alcohol-Flunitrazepam groups (20% at a dose of 1 ml/100 g VO of alcohol, combined with 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg of Flunitrazepam, respectively). The results showed that there was a more pronounced reduction in alpha and theta wave power in the alcohol-Flunitrazepam groups, a decrease in the power of beta oscillations and greater sedation. There was a progressive decrease in respiratory rate linked to the increase of Flunitrazepam dose in the alcohol-Flunitrazepam associated administration. It was observed alteration in heart rate and Q-T interval in high doses of Flunitrazepam. Therefore, we conclude that the association alcohol-Flunitrazepam presented deepening of depressant synergistic effects according to the increase in the dose of the benzodiazepine, and this could cause alterations in low frequency brain oscillations, breathing, and hemodynamics of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Freitas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
| | - Anthony Amaral
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Raína Conceição
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Barbosa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Klara Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Anara Barbosa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Paz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Murilo Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Akira Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Allane Paz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Dielly Favacho-Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Mello
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Malone D, Costin BN, MacElroy D, Al‐Hegelan M, Thompson J, Bronshteyn Y. Phenobarbital versus benzodiazepines in alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:532-541. [PMID: 37368937 PMCID: PMC10739082 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, presents an alternative to conventional benzodiazepine treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Currently, existing research offers only modest guidance on the safety and effectiveness of phenobarbital in managing AWS in hospital settings. The study objective was to assess if a phenobarbital protocol for the treatment of AWS reduces respiratory complications when compared to a more traditionally used benzodiazepine protocol. METHODS A retrospective cohort study analyzing adults who received either phenobarbital or benzodiazepine-based treatment for AWS over a 4-year period, 2015-2019, in a community teaching hospital in a large academic medical system. RESULTS A total of 147 patient encounters were included (76 phenobarbital and 71 benzodiazepine). Phenobarbital was associated with a significantly decreased risk of respiratory complications, defined by the occurrence of intubation (15/76 phenobarbital [20%] vs. 36/71 benzodiazepine [51%]) and decreased incidence of the requirement of six or greater liters of oxygen when compared with benzodiazepines (10/76 [13%] vs. 28/71 [39%]). There was a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia in benzodiazepine patients (15/76 [20%] vs. 33/71 [47%]). Mode Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) scores were more frequently at goal (0 to -1) between 9 and 48 h after the loading dose of study medication for phenobarbital patients. Median hospital and ICU length of stay were significantly shorter for phenobarbital patients when compared with benzodiazepine patients (5 vs. 10 days and 2 vs. 4 days, respectively). CONCLUSION Parenteral phenobarbital loading doses with an oral phenobarbital tapered protocol for AWS resulted in decreased risk of respiratory complications when compared to standard treatment with benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blair N. Costin
- Duke Regional HospitalDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke University HospitalDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Mashael Al‐Hegelan
- Duke Regional HospitalDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke University HospitalDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Julie Thompson
- Duke University School of NursingDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yuriy Bronshteyn
- Duke University HospitalDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Durham Veterans Health AdministrationDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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Andrade-Brito DE, Núñez-Ríos DL, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Nagamatsu ST, Rompala G, Zillich L, Witt SH, Clark SL, Latig MC, Montalvo-Ortiz JL. Neuronal-specific methylome and hydroxymethylome analysis reveal replicated and novel loci associated with alcohol use disorder. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.28.23299094. [PMID: 38105948 PMCID: PMC10725575 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.23299094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex condition associated with adverse health consequences that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation (5mC), have been associated with AUD and other alcohol-related traits. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have identified differentially methylated genes associated with AUD in human peripheral and brain tissue. More recently, epigenetic studies of AUD have also evaluated DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) in the human brain. However, most of the epigenetic work in postmortem brain tissue has examined bulk tissue. In this study, we investigated neuronal-specific 5mC and 5hmC alterations at CpG sites associated with AUD in the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Neuronal nuclei from the OFC were evaluated in 34 human postmortem brain samples (10 AUD, 24 non-AUD). Reduced representation oxidative bisulfite sequencing was used to assess 5mC and 5hmC at the genome-wide level. Differential 5mC and 5hmC were evaluated using the methylKit R package and significance was set at false discovery rate <0.05 and differential methylation >2. Functional enrichment analyses were performed and replication was evaluated replication in an independent dataset that assessed 5mC and 5hmC of AUD in bulk cortical tissue. We identified 417 5mC and 363 5hmC genome-wide significant differential CpG sites associated with AUD, with 59% in gene promoters. We also identified genes previously implicated in alcohol consumption, such as SYK, CHRM2, DNMT3A, and GATA4, for 5mC and GATA4, and GAD1, GATA4, DLX1 for 5hmC. Replication was observed for 28 CpG sites from a previous AUD 5mC and 5hmC study, including FOXP1. Lastly, GWAS enrichment analysis showed an association with AUD for differential 5mC genes. This study reveals neuronal-specific methylome and hydroxymethylome dysregulation associated with AUD. We replicated previous findings and identified novel associations with AUD for both 5mC and 5hmC marks within the OFC. Our findings provide new insights into the epigenomic dysregulation of AUD in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E. Andrade-Brito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, VA CT Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana L. Núñez-Ríos
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, VA CT Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, VA CT Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheila T. Nagamatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, VA CT Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gregory Rompala
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lea Zillich
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaunna L. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Maria C. Latig
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Janitza L. Montalvo-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, VA CT Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
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Khan MAS, Chang SL. Alcohol and the Brain-Gut Axis: The Involvement of Microglia and Enteric Glia in the Process of Neuro-Enteric Inflammation. Cells 2023; 12:2475. [PMID: 37887319 PMCID: PMC10605902 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge or chronic alcohol consumption causes neuroinflammation and leads to alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD not only affects the central nervous system (CNS) but also leads to pathologies in the peripheral and enteric nervous systems (ENS). Thus, understanding the mechanism of the immune signaling to target the effector molecules in the signaling pathway is necessary to alleviate AUD. Growing evidence shows that excessive alcohol consumption can activate neuroimmune cells, including microglia, and change the status of neurotransmitters, affecting the neuroimmune system. Microglia, like peripheral macrophages, are an integral part of the immune defense and represent the reticuloendothelial system in the CNS. Microglia constantly survey the CNS to scavenge the neuronal debris. These cells also protect parenchymal cells in the brain and spinal cord by repairing nerve circuits to keep the nervous system healthy against infectious and stress-derived agents. In an activated state, they become highly dynamic and mobile and can modulate the levels of neurotransmitters in the CNS. In several ways, microglia, enteric glial cells, and macrophages are similar in terms of causing inflammation. Microglia also express most of the receptors that are constitutively present in macrophages. Several receptors on microglia respond to the inflammatory signals that arise from danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), endotoxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharides), and stress-causing molecules (e.g., alcohol). Therefore, this review article presents the latest findings, describing the roles of microglia and enteric glial cells in the brain and gut, respectively, and their association with neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and receptors under the influence of binge and chronic alcohol use, and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. S. Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Sulie L. Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
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O’Flynn LC, Frucht SJ, Simonyan K. Sodium Oxybate in Alcohol-Responsive Essential Tremor of Voice: An Open-Label Phase II Study. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1936-1944. [PMID: 37448353 PMCID: PMC10615702 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential tremor of voice (ETv) is characterized by involuntary oscillations of laryngeal and upper airway muscles, causing rhythmic alterations in pitch and loudness during both passive breathing and active laryngeal tasks, such as speaking and singing. Treatment of ETv is challenging and typically less effective compared with treatment of ET affecting extremities. OBJECTIVE We conducted a proof-of-concept, open-label phase II study to examine the efficacy and central effects of sodium oxybate in patients with alcohol-responsive ETv. METHODS All subjects received 1.0 to 1.5 g of oral sodium oxybate and underwent brain functional magnetic resonance imaging. The primary endpoint was the number of patients (% from total) with reduced ETv symptoms by at least 10% at about 40 to 45 minutes after sodium oxybate intake based on the combined visual analog scale score of ETv symptom severity. The secondary endpoint included changes in brain activity after sodium oxybate intake compared to baseline. RESULTS Sodium oxybate reduced ETv symptoms on average by 40.8% in 92.9% of patients. Drug effects were observed about 40 to 45 minutes after intake, lasting about 3.5 hours, and gradually wearing off by the end of the fifth hour. The central effects of sodium oxybate were associated with normalized activity in the cerebellum, inferior/superior parietal lobules, inferior frontal gyrus, and insula and re-established functional relationships between these regions. CONCLUSIONS Sodium oxybate showed high efficacy in ETv patients, with a likely central action on disorder pathophysiology. Sodium oxybate may be an effective novel oral drug for treatment of alcohol-responsive ETv patients. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena C. O’Flynn
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Speech Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven J. Frucht
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Speech Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Fluyau D, Kailasam VK, Pierre CG. Beyond benzodiazepines: a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis of the efficacy and safety of alternative options for alcohol withdrawal syndrome management. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1147-1157. [PMID: 37380897 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of non-benzodiazepines (non-BZDs) to benzodiazepines (BZDs) in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). METHODS For relevant literature, Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, OVID MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were included, omitted were nonblinded trials, blinded trials that were not randomized, and open-label studies. The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment was used to assess the trial's quality. A meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis were carried out. RESULTS Twenty non-BZDs and five BZDs were investigated in thirty RCTs. Meta-analysis favored gabapentin over chlordiazepoxide and lorazepam (d = 0.563, p < 0.001) and carbamazepine over oxazepam and lorazepam (d = 0.376, p = 0.029), for reducing Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar) scale scores. Eleven non-BZDs fared better than BZDs for reducing CIWA-Ar, Total Severity Assessment, Selective Severity Assessment, Borg and Weinholdt, and Gross Rating Scale for Alcohol Withdrawal scores. Eight non-BZDs outmatched BZDs regarding autonomic, motor, awareness, and psychiatric symptoms. Sedation and fatigue were prevalent in BZDs, while seizures were prevalent in non-BZDs. CONCLUSION For AWS treatments, non-BZDs are superior to or equally effective as BZDs. Non-BZD adverse events warrant further investigation. Agents that inhibit gated ion channels are promising candidates. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022384875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimy Fluyau
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Ciucă Anghel DM, Nițescu GV, Tiron AT, Guțu CM, Baconi DL. Understanding the Mechanisms of Action and Effects of Drugs of Abuse. Molecules 2023; 28:4969. [PMID: 37446631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Drug abuse and addiction are major public health concerns, with millions of people worldwide affected by the negative consequences of drug use. To better understand this complex issue, a review was conducted to examine the mechanisms of action and effects of drugs of abuse, including their acute and chronic effects, the symptoms of abstinence syndrome, as well as their cardiovascular impacts. METHODS The analyzed data were obtained after surveying an electronic database, namely PubMed, with no time limit, grey literature sources, and reference lists of relevant articles. RESULTS The review highlights the different categories of drugs of abuse, such as opioids, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and cannabis, and discusses the specific ways that each drug affects the brain and body. Additionally, the review explores the short-term and long-term effects of drug abuse on the body and mind, including changes in brain structure and function, physical health problems, and mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. In addition, the review explores the effects of drug abuse on cardiovascular health, focusing on electrocardiogram changes. Moreover, the analysis of relevant literature also highlighted possible genetic susceptibility in various addictions. Furthermore, the review delves into the withdrawal symptoms that occur when someone stops using drugs of abuse after a period of chronic use. CONCLUSION Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on drug abuse and addiction. The findings of this review can inform the development of evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies to address this critical public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Viorela Nițescu
- Ward ATI-Toxicology, Paediatric Clinic 2, "Grigore Alexandrescu" Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 011732 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Taisia Tiron
- Department of Medical Semiology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia Maria Guțu
- Department of Toxicology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Luiza Baconi
- Department of Toxicology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
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Corli G, Tirri M, Bilel S, Giorgetti A, Bernardi T, Boccuto F, Borsari M, Giorgetti R, Marti M. Ethanol enhances JWH-018-induced impairment of sensorimotor and memory functions in mice: From preclinical evidence to forensic implication in Driving Under the Influence of Drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 247:109888. [PMID: 37120918 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several new Synthetic Cannabinoids have appeared each year since their introduction into the illicit drug market as recreational drugs. Among these, naphtalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl) methanone (JWH-018) is one of the most detected compounds in biological samples from patients involved in intoxication or death cases. Furthermore, consumption of JWH-018 has been linked to several cases of Driving Under the Influence of Drugs (DUID) suggesting that effects induced by this compound can affect individuals' ability to drive. METHODS Given the high spread of polydrug consumption and the wide number of alcohol-related traffic accidents, this study aims to investigate the acute effects induced by co-administration of JWH-018 with ethanol on sensorimotor and motor responses, grip strength and memory functions in CD-1 male mice. Acute impairments induced by JWH-018 and ethanol alone have also been investigated, in order to compare their effects with that induced by their concurrent administration. RESULTS In vivo behavioral experiments revealed a worsening of the cognitive and sensorimotor disruption after the co-administration of JWH-018 with ethanol compared to single compounds. CONCLUSIONS These animal-based findings suggest a potential increased impairment on psychomotor performances which could be related to driving abilities posed by poly-drug consumption involving SCs and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bernardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Federica Boccuto
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Borsari
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
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12
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Galor A, Britten-Jones AC, Feng Y, Ferrari G, Goldblum D, Gupta PK, Merayo-Lloves J, Na KS, Naroo SA, Nichols KK, Rocha EM, Tong L, Wang MTM, Craig JP. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of lifestyle challenges on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 28:262-303. [PMID: 37054911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Many factors in the domains of mental, physical, and social health have been associated with various ocular surface diseases, with most of the focus centered on aspects of dry eye disease (DED). Regarding mental health factors, several cross-sectional studies have noted associations between depression and anxiety, and medications used to treat these disorders, and DED symptoms. Sleep disorders (both involving quality and quantity of sleep) have also been associated with DED symptoms. Under the domain of physical health, several factors have been linked to meibomian gland abnormalities, including obesity and face mask wear. Cross-sectional studies have also linked chronic pain conditions, specifically migraine, chronic pain syndrome and fibromyalgia, to DED, principally focusing on DED symptoms. A systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed available data and concluded that various chronic pain conditions increased the risk of DED (variably defined), with odds ratios ranging from 1.60 to 2.16. However, heterogeneity was noted, highlighting the need for additional studies examining the impact of chronic pain on DED signs and subtype (evaporative versus aqueous deficient). With respect to societal factors, tobacco use has been most closely linked to tear instability, cocaine to decreased corneal sensitivity, and alcohol to tear film disturbances and DED symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Administration, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Alexis Ceecee Britten-Jones
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Eye Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Goldblum
- Pallas-Kliniken, Olten, Bern, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Preeya K Gupta
- Triangle Eye Consultants, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jesus Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernandez-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Kyung-Sun Na
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kelly K Nichols
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eduardo M Rocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Othorynolaringology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Louis Tong
- Cornea and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Center, Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael T M Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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COVID-19 Stress (Traumatic Symptoms, Compulsive Checking, Xenophobia, and Danger & Contamination) and Alcohol Use Uniquely Explain State Alcohol Cravings. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2023; 45:537-548. [PMCID: PMC10014405 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-023-10033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Stressful events may lead to the consumption of alcohol as a self-medicating and coping strategy. The self-medication hypothesis and addiction loop model served as the theoretical frameworks to understand how various COVID-19 pandemic stressors serve as risks for alcohol usage and state alcohol cravings. The study hypothesized that higher COVID-19 stressors (past month) would predict higher alcohol use (past month), and both were hypothesized to uniquely explain stronger alcohol cravings (state). Adult alcohol users (N = 366) participated in this cross-sectional study. Respondents completed measures of the COVID Stress Scales (socioeconomic, xenophobia, traumatic symptoms, compulsive checking, and danger & contamination), drink frequency and drink quantity, and state alcohol cravings (Alcohol Urge Questionnaire and Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire). Results from a structural equation model involving latent factors determined that higher pandemic stress explained greater alcohol use, and both factors uniquely contributed to stronger state alcohol cravings. A structural equation model premised on specific measures revealed that higher xenophobia stress, higher traumatic symptoms stress, higher compulsive checking stress, and lower danger & contamination stress uniquely predicted drink quantity, but not drink frequency. Furthermore, greater drink quantity and drink frequency independently predicted stronger state alcohol cravings. The findings recognize that pandemic stressors operate as cue-induced triggers for alcohol use and cravings. The COVID-19 stressors identified in this study could be targeted in interventions based on the addiction loop model designed to mitigate the effects of stress cues on alcohol use and present cravings for alcohol.
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14
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Fluyau D, Kailasam VK, Pierre CG. A Bayesian meta-analysis of topiramate's effectiveness for individuals with alcohol use disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:155-163. [PMID: 36648091 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221149643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topiramate (TPM) has the potential to become one of the most prominent treatment options for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We investigated the efficacy of TPM for AUD treatment, considering new randomized controlled trials carried out since the publication of four prior investigations. METHODS We searched six major databases, comparing TPM to placebo for AUD treatment. We performed a Bayesian meta-analysis. We conducted a meta-regression, analyzing the effect of age, TPM dosage, duration of treatment, gender, and attrition rate on the outcomes measured. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021286266. RESULTS TPM reduced heavy drinking days (d = 0.401, Bayes factor (BF) = 23.088) and weeks (d = 0.461, BF = 3.784), lowered alcohol craving (d = 0.477, BF = 107.749), prolonged abstinence throughout the duration of trials (d = 0.505, BF = 54.998), and decreased the amount of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the blood (d = 0.345, BF = 39.048). The analysis pointed out that TPM could reduce anxiety (d = 0.517, BF = 5.993). TPM's efficacy in relieving alcohol withdrawal, minimizing relapse, and decreasing depressive symptoms was inconclusive. There was evidence of a meta-regression effect of attrition rate on heavy drinking days and craving and length of treatment on abstinence. CONCLUSION TPM has the potential to become a key pharmacological agent in the treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimy Fluyau
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Pandya V, Nguyen Sorenson AH, Jones E, Young BA, Pearson LN. Spirited away: Can ethanol testing in add-on orders provide meaningful results? Clin Biochem 2022; 115:97-102. [PMID: 36356659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is a volatile substance, and specimens need to be tightly capped prior to analysis to prevent evaporative loss. However, add-on requests in previously decapped tubes are commonly received, yet ethanol stability in this setting is unclear. We compared the stability of ethanol in capped vs decapped tubes in the context of routine laboratory automation, storage time, and specimen volumes. Serum specimens were pooled and spiked with ethanol followed by simulating an add-on scenario. Additionally, to evaluate ethanol stability at room temperature for extended times, ethanol concentrations were measured in capped or decapped tubes containing 0.5 mL or 0.1 mL samples over a 4 h time course. Finally, the risk of misclassification of ethanol results in decapped tubes was evaluated near the critical value threshold (∼54 mmol/L). The add-on tubes had a mean recovery of 101.5 % (95 % CI: 97.7-105.4 %) relative to the direct tubes. The time-course experiment showed an average recovery of 87.4 % (95 % CI: 81.8-94.0 %) at the 4 h time point in decapped 0.5 mL specimens. An average recovery of 85.4 % (95 % CI: 84.2-86.1 %) was observed for specimens spiked near the critical value threshold. Importantly, all measurements with 0.5 mL specimen volume were within 25 %, which is the total allowable error (TAE) of the assay.However, with a 0.1 mL volume, specimens cross the TAE threshold just after 1 h, and the percent recovery at 4 h dropped to 52.9 % (95 % CI: 50.2-55.7 %). In conclusion, ethanol testing in decapped tubes remains within the TAE for up to 4 h in specimens with a 0.5 mL volume. Therefore, add-on ethanol testing using routine laboratory automation and storage conditions can be successfully performed.
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Varghese J, Dakhode S. Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Various Systems of the Human Body: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30057. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Kobayashi NHC, Farias SV, Luz DA, Machado-Ferraro KM, da Conceição BC, da Silveira CCM, Fernandes LMP, Cartágenes SDC, Ferreira VMM, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CDSF. Ketamine plus Alcohol: What We Know and What We Can Expect about This. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147800. [PMID: 35887148 PMCID: PMC9323326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse has become a public health concern. The misuse of ketamine, a psychedelic substance, has increased worldwide. In addition, the co-abuse with alcohol is frequently identified among misusers. Considering that ketamine and alcohol share several pharmacological targets, we hypothesize that the consumption of both psychoactive substances may synergically intensify the toxicological consequences, both under the effect of drugs available in body systems and during withdrawal. The aim of this review is to examine the toxicological mechanisms related to ketamine plus ethanol co-abuse, as well the consequences on cardiorespiratory, digestive, urinary, and central nervous systems. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the probable sites of shared molecular mechanisms that may elicit additional hazardous effects. Finally, we highlight the gaps of knowledge in this area, which deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Harumi Correa Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sarah Viana Farias
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Diandra Araújo Luz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Kissila Márvia Machado-Ferraro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Brenda Costa da Conceição
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cinthia Cristina Menezes da Silveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sabrina de Carvalho Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Vânia Maria Moraes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Psychology Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro—Asa Norte, Brasília 70910900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7201
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Monroy-Jaramillo N, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Pérez-Aldana BE, Ortega-Vázquez A, Montalvo-Ortiz J, López-López M. The role of alcohol intake in the pharmacogenetics of treatment with clozapine. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:371-392. [PMID: 35311547 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic reserved for patients with refractory psychosis, but it is associated with a significant risk of severe adverse reactions (ADRs) that are potentiated with the concomitant use of alcohol. Additionally, pharmacogenetic studies have explored the influence of several genetic variants in CYP450, receptors and transporters involved in the interindividual response to CLZ. Herein, we systematically review the current multiomics knowledge behind the interaction between CLZ and alcohol intake, and how its concomitant use might modulate the pharmacogenetics. CYP1A2*1F, *1C and other alleles not yet discovered could support a precision medicine approach for better therapeutic effects and fewer CLZ ADRs. CLZ monitoring systems should be amended and include alcohol intake to protect patients from severe CLZ ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, La Fama, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14269, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Orange, West Haven, CT 06477, USA
| | - Blanca Estela Pérez-Aldana
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Xochimilco, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04960, Mexico
| | - Alberto Ortega-Vázquez
- Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Xochimilco, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04960, Mexico
| | - Janitza Montalvo-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Orange, West Haven, CT 06477, USA
| | - Marisol López-López
- Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Xochimilco, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04960, Mexico
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Zhang T, Song B, Li Y, Duan R, Gong Z, Jing L, Wang K, Ma B, Jia Y. Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Monitoring the Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:831901. [PMID: 35197833 PMCID: PMC8859255 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.831901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study assessed the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels, alcohol consumption, craving, and psychological impairment in participants with alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodsParticipants with AUD were randomly assigned to receive one of two treatments (active or sham rTMS). All participants received 10 daily active or sham rTMS sessions over the left DLPFC for 2 weeks, with follow-up visits at baseline and immediately after the completion of the treatments. Serum samples were obtained before and after the intervention. Days of heavy drinking, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and mental health component scores (MCSs) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used to assess the effects of rTMS.ResultsActive rTMS had a significant effect on reducing days of heavy drinking, alcohol craving, and serum NfL levels, and improved social functioning and mental health. The improvement with active rTMS was significantly greater than that with sham rTMS. Correlation analysis revealed that the reduction in the baseline drinking level was positively correlated with declines in the VAS and NfL levels but not with psychological scores.ConclusionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left DLPFC was associated with reducing alcohol consumption and craving in patients with AUD and positively impacted neuropsychological and social function. Serum NfL levels may be useful as an early serological indicator of alcohol-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranran Duan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Gong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijun Jing
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingquan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjie Jia,
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20
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The Influence of Biomolecule Composition on Colloidal Beer Structure. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010024. [PMID: 35053172 PMCID: PMC8774254 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an interest in the composition of beer biomolecules as a colloidal system and their influence on the formation of beer taste. The purpose of this research was to establish biochemical interactions between the biomolecules of plant-based raw materials of beer in order to understand the overall structure of beer as a complex system of bound biomolecules. Generally accepted methods of analytical research in the field of brewing, biochemistry and proteomics were used to solve the research objectives. The studies allowed us to establish the relationship between the grain and plant-based raw materials used, as well as the processing technologies and biomolecular profiles of beer. The qualitative profile of the distribution of protein compounds as a framework for the formation of a colloidal system and the role of carbohydrate dextrins and phenol compounds are given. This article provides information about the presence of biogenic compounds in the structure of beer that positively affect the functioning of the body. A critical assessment of the influence of some parameters on the completeness of beer taste by biomolecules is given. Conclusion: the conducted analytical studies allowed us to confirm the hypothesis about the nitrogen structure of beer and the relationship of other biomolecules with protein substances, and to identify the main factors affecting the distribution of biomolecules by fractions.
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Marazziti D, Avella MT, Ivaldi T, Palermo S, Massa L, Vecchia AD, Basile L, Mucci F. Neuroenhancement: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:137-169. [PMID: 34909030 PMCID: PMC8629054 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological neuroenhancement refers to the non-medical use of prescription drugs, alcohol, illegal drugs, or the so-called soft enhancers for the purpose of improving cognition, mood, pro-social behavior, or work and academic performance. This phenomenon is undoubtedly more frequent than previously supposed especially amongst university students. The aim of the present paper was to carefully review and comment on the available literature on neuroenhancement, according to Prisma guidelines. The results showed a great use of all prescribed drugs (benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, nootropic compounds, and especially stimulants) as neuroenhancers amongst healthy subjects, although probably the real prevalence is underestimated. The use of illicit drugs and soft enhancers is similarly quite common. Data on the improvement of cognition by other compounds, such as oxytocin and pheromones, or non-pharmacological techniques, specifically deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, are still limited. In any case, if it is true that human beings are embedded by the desire to overcome the limits of their intrinsic nature, neuroenhancement practices put into question the concept of authenticity. Therefore, the problem appears quite complex and requires to be deepened and analyzed with no prejudice, although within an ethical conceptual frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
- Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Avella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Tea Ivaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Massa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
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22
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Perfilova VN, Kustova MV, Popova TA, Khusainova GH, Prokofiev II, Nesterova KI, Tyurenkov IN. Cardioprotective effects of a new glutamic acid derivative in chronic alcohol intoxication. Alcohol 2021; 93:1-10. [PMID: 33737055 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for heart damage and deterioration of its inotropic function. Currently, there is no pathogenetic pharmacological treatment for alcohol-induced myocardial injury. Therefore, the study of drugs with cardioprotective action is of current interest. Our earlier studies of stress-induced heart damage showed that a new derivative of glutamic acid - glufimet - protects the myocardium's inotropic function and limits lipid peroxidation. Additionally, we found that it increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and improves mitochondrial respiration. The purpose of our study was to assess the effect of glufimet on the heart after chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI). The comparison drug was mildronate, which possesses cardioprotective properties and is used to treat alcohol withdrawal. We conducted our study using female Wistar rats (10 months old, 280-320 g). CAI was simulated by replacing drinking water with a 10% ethanol solution sweetened with sucrose (50 g/L) over a period of 24 weeks. The day after the animals stopped ethanol solution drinking, the control group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a saline solution once a day for 14 days, while the experimental groups received glufimet (28.7 mg/kg) and the drug of comparison mildronate (50 mg/kg), respectively. After that, we studied the heart contractility by measuring volume load, adrenergic reactivity, and maximum isometric load. Under CAI, the control group showed significantly lower growth in left ventricular pressure (LVP), myocardium contraction rate, and relaxation rate during functional tests. Higher concentrations of LPO products (malondialdehyde) and low activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), indicating a disturbance in mitochondrial respiration compared to the control group, were registered. While being treated with glufimet and mildronate, the animals demonstrated higher growth rates of myocardial contraction, myocardial relaxation, and LVP, compared to the control group. Mitochondrial functioning and activity of the antioxidant enzymes increased in the same group as well.
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23
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Taylor L, Remeškevičius V, Saskoy L, Brodie T, Mahmud J, Moir H, Brouner J, Howe C, Thatti B, Connell SO, Trotter G, Rooney B. Determination of ethanol in micro-volumes of blood by headspace gas chromatography: Statistical comparison between capillary and venous sampling sites. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2021; 61:86-96. [PMID: 32525443 PMCID: PMC8027927 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420928632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol is the most commonly encountered drug in forensic toxicology, with widespread use throughout society. For this reason, it is important that there are a variety of reliable and robust methods to detect and quantify the content of alcohol in blood samples of suspected drink drivers. A common method of detection is gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector, with a number of sample preparation techniques employed. Typically, venous blood is sampled and used in the analysis. However, there is currently no legal specification in the UK of the blood sample source. This study investigates the use of capillary blood as an alternative to venous blood alongside two different sample volumes: 100 and 10 µL. Venous and capillary blood were collected from volunteers who had consumed alcohol. All blood sampling was carried out one hour after cessation of drinking. The results show a statistically significant difference between venous and capillary samples, with an average difference of 3.38 ± 1.99 mg/100 mL at 100 μL and approximately 4.13 ± 2.42 mg/100 mL at 10 μL, respectively. Predominantly, venous blood was detected at higher concentrations than the corresponding capillary samples. The deviations in alcohol samples between venous and capillary blood are consistent with previous studies. However, our research indicates that capillary blood is a viable matrix to test for alcohol, albeit one that underestimates blood-alcohol content in relation to venous sampling. There was no statistically significant difference between the 100 and 10 µL sample preparation methods on an individual basis, which infers that micro-volumes of alcohol are suitable for forensic blood-alcohol analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Taylor
- Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University, UK
| | | | - Lili Saskoy
- Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University, UK
| | - Tara Brodie
- Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University, UK
| | | | - Hannah Moir
- Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sein O’ Connell
- Medical Bureau of Road Safety, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Brian Rooney
- Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University, UK
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24
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Yao H, Shen H, Yu H, Wang C, Ding R, Lan X, Tash D, Wu X, Wang X, Zhang G. Chronic ethanol exposure induced depressive-like behavior in male C57BL/6 N mice by downregulating GluA1. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113387. [PMID: 33713693 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol exposure can increase the risk of depression. The α-amino-3‑hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor is a key factor in depression and its treatment. The study was conducted to investigate the depressive-like behavior induced by chronic ethanol exposure in mice and to explore the mechanism in cells. To establish the chronic ethanol exposure mouse model, male C57BL/6 N mice were administered 10% (m/V) and 20% (m/V) ethanol as the only choice for drinking for 60 days, 90 days and 180 days. Depressive-like behavior in mice was confirmed by the forced swimming test (FST). Ethanol-induced changes in the mouse hippocampus were indicated by Western blotting, qPCR and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining. We confirmed that 90- and 180-day ethanol exposure can lead to depressive-like mouse behavior, cell apoptosis, neuronal degeneration, a reduction in GluA1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and an increase in IL-6 and IL-1β in the mouse hippocampus. GluA1 silencing and overexpression models of SH-SY5Y cells were established for further investigation. The cells were treated with 100 mM and 200 mM ethanol for 24 h. Ethanol exposure decreased cell viability and the expression of BDNF and increased the cell apoptosis rate and the expression of BAX, cleaved caspase-3, IL-1β and IL-6. GluA1 silencing aggravated ethanol-induced changes in cell viability and apoptosis and the expression of BDNF, BAX and cleaved caspase-3, and GluA1 overexpression attenuated these changes. Neither the silencing nor overexpression of GluA1 had an effect on ethanol-induced increases in IL-1β and IL-6. Our results indicated that chronic ethanol exposure induced depressive-like behavior in male C57BL/6 N mice by downregulating GluA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Changliang Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China; The People's Procuratorate of Liaoning Province Judicial Authentication Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, P. R. China; Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, P. R. China
| | - Runtao Ding
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Xinze Lan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Dilichati Tash
- Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture Public Security Bureau, Artux, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 845350, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China.
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25
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Soundararajan S, Kazmi N, Brooks AT, Krumlauf M, Schwandt ML, George DT, Hodgkinson CA, Wallen GR, Ramchandani VA. FAAH and CNR1 Polymorphisms in the Endocannabinoid System and Alcohol-Related Sleep Quality. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:712178. [PMID: 34566715 PMCID: PMC8458733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.712178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and may not resolve completely with short-term abstinence from alcohol, potentially contributing to relapse to drinking. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with both sleep and alcohol consumption, and genetic variation in the ECS may underlie sleep-related phenotypes among individuals with AUD. In this study, we explored the influence of genetic variants in the ECS (Cannabinoid receptor 1/CNR1: rs806368, rs1049353, rs6454674, rs2180619, and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase/FAAH rs324420) on sleep quality in individuals with AUD (N = 497) and controls without AUD (N = 389). We assessed subjective sleep quality (from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index/PSQI) for both groups at baseline and objective sleep efficiency and duration (using actigraphy) in a subset of individuals with AUD at baseline and after 4 weeks of inpatient treatment. We observed a dose-dependent relationship between alcohol consumption and sleep quality in both AUD and control groups. Sleep disturbance, a subscale measure in PSQI, differed significantly among CNR1 rs6454674 genotypes in both AUD (p = 0.015) and controls (p = 0.016). Only among controls, neuroticism personality scores mediated the relationship between genotype and sleep disturbance. Objective sleep measures (sleep efficiency, wake bouts and wake after sleep onset), differed significantly by CNR1 rs806368 genotype, both at baseline (p = 0.023, 0.029, 0.015, respectively) and at follow-up (p = 0.004, p = 0.006, p = 0.007, respectively), and by FAAH genotype for actigraphy recorded sleep duration at follow-up (p = 0.018). These relationships suggest a significant role of the ECS in alcohol-related sleep phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarya Soundararajan
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narjis Kazmi
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa T Brooks
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Krumlauf
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David T George
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Colin A Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gwenyth R Wallen
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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26
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Titkova AM, Berchenko OG, Veselovska OV, Shliakhova AV. Features of neurosteroid support of the state of alcohol dependence and its correction with dosed physical load in rats. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of steroid hormones in regulation of the functions of the emotiogenic limbic-neocortical system has been actively studied over the recent decades in order to determine their synthesis in the brain structures and role in the development and maintenance of dependence on psychoactive substances. However, the wide range of neurosteroids and their metabolites, as well as structural specific features of the synthesis of both neurohormones and their receptors make it difficult to obtain experimental data and interpret the results of the study. The participation of progesterone, cortisol, testosterone and estradiol in the development of alcohol dependence and the changes in their concentrations in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and serum under the influence of dosed physical load were studied in 48 outbred adult male rats. Alcohol dependence was modeled by means of consuming food containing alcohol in the dose of 1.25 g of ethanol per 1 kg of rat body weight for two months. Dosed physical load was reproduced by a rat running in a wheel for 30 minutes daily for 7–10 days against the background of alcohol withdrawal. Neuroethological testing of craving for alcohol, EEG recording of the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala was performed using a computer-diagnostic complex. The concentration of steroid hormones was determined in the structures of the brain and blood serum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was shown that dosed physical load attenuated the alcohol motivation of rats. On the 5th day it suppressed the electrographic manifestations of paroxysmal activity in the hippocampus and increased the level of the theta-rhythm in the amygdala, and on the 7th day it activated the neocortex with increasing beta-rhythm. This effect was accompanied by an increase in serum testosterone level against the background of maintaining functional tension of the peripheral glucocorticoid link of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system, which was observed in a state of alcohol dependence. The study demonstrated that progesterone plays the key role in allostatic rearrangements of the functional state of animals. An imbalance of progesterone levels was revealed in the brain structures: an increase – in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, and a decrease – in the amygdala under alcohol dependence; a decrease – in the hippocampus with recovery in the amygdala against the background of its high level in the hypothalamus, which occurs under the influence of dosed physical load on the rats under alcohol withdrawal. Thus, the dosed physical load is a promising approach to alcohol dependence rehabilitation.
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27
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Alcohol-Induced Neuropathy in Chronic Alcoholism: Causes, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00214-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Alcohol abuse causes a wide range of disorders that affect the nervous system. These include confusion, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive impairment. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is the primary cause of peripheral neuropathy. It is worth noting that peripheral neuropathy has no reliable treatment due to the poor understanding of its pathology.
Recent Findings
Coasting is a major feature of alcoholic neuropathy, largely due to chronic alcohol abuse. Its major features are hyperalgesia, allodynia, and burning pain. Even though much research was done in this area, still we do not have a full understanding of the mechanism of alcoholic neuropathy. However, some theories have been proposed. These include direct or indirect effects of alcohol metabolites, impaired axonal transport, suppressed excitatory nerve pathway activity, or imbalance in neurotransmitters. Activation of spinal cord microglia, mGlu5 spinal cord receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis also seem to be implicated in the pathophysiology of this alcoholic neuropathy. The goal of treatment is to impede further damage to the peripheral nerves while also restoring their normal physiology. Alcohol abstinence, intake of balanced diets, and treatment with medications are suggested including benfotiamine, alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-l-carnitine, vitamin E, methylcobalamin, myo-inositol, N-acetylcysteine, capsaicin, tricyclic antidepressants, or antiepileptic drugs.
Summary
This review focuses on the many pathways that play a role in the onset and development of alcohol-induced neuropathy, as well as present the possible treatment strategies of this disorder, providing insights into a further search of new treatment modalities.
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28
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Müller TE, Fontana BD, Bertoncello KT, Franscescon F, Mezzomo NJ, Canzian J, Stefanello FV, Parker MO, Gerlai R, Rosemberg DB. Understanding the neurobiological effects of drug abuse: Lessons from zebrafish models. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109873. [PMID: 31981718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug abuse and brain disorders related to drug comsumption are public health problems with harmful individual and social consequences. The identification of therapeutic targets and precise pharmacological treatments to these neuropsychiatric conditions associated with drug abuse are urgently needed. Understanding the link between neurobiological mechanisms and behavior is a key aspect of elucidating drug abuse-related targets. Due to various molecular, biochemical, pharmacological, and physiological features, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been considered a suitable vertebrate for modeling complex processes involved in drug abuse responses. In this review, we discuss how the zebrafish has been successfully used for modeling neurobehavioral phenotypes related to drug abuse and review the effects of opioids, cannabinoids, alcohol, nicotine, and psychedelic drugs on the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, we summarize recent advances in zebrafish-based studies and outline potential advantages and limitations of the existing zebrafish models to explore the neurochemical bases of drug abuse and addiction. Finally, we discuss how the use of zebrafish models may present fruitful approaches to provide valuable clinically translatable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Barbara D Fontana
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Old St Michael's Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Kanandra T Bertoncello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francini Franscescon
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nathana J Mezzomo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Stefanello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Matthew O Parker
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Old St Michael's Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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29
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Papaseit E, Pérez-Mañá C, Torrens M, Farré A, Poyatos L, Hladun O, Sanvisens A, Muga R, Farré M. MDMA interactions with pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:357-369. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1749262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Papaseit
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Departament of Pharmacology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Drug Addiction Program, Institut De Neuropsiquiatria I Addiccions-INAD, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Farré
- Departament of Pharmacology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Drug Addiction Program, Institut De Neuropsiquiatria I Addiccions-INAD, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Poyatos
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Olga Hladun
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Arantza Sanvisens
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | - Roberto Muga
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Magi Farré
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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30
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Edelson PK, Bernstein SN. Management of the Cardiovascular Complications of Substance Use Disorders During Pregnancy. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2019; 21:73. [PMID: 31754867 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Substance use disorder in pregnancy and subsequent cardiovascular complications are on the rise in the USA. The care of pregnant women with substance use disorder is complex, and requires a thorough understanding of mechanisms of action, pathophysiology, and cardiovascular response during pregnancy. The goal of this review is to provide information about the most common drugs of abuse in pregnancy and to recommend management guidelines. RECENT FINDINGS Pregnant women with substance use disorder are at increased risk of significant cardiovascular complications, both as a direct effect of acute intoxication as well as the secondary risk from infection and cardiotoxicity associated with chronic use. This risk must be considered in the antepartum management, delivery, and postpartum periods. Understanding the increased cardiovascular risk of pregnant women with substance use disorder, as well as specific drug interactions, anesthesia considerations, best practices, and management considerations, is important for all clinicians caring for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaitlyn Edelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Founders 4, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Sarah N Bernstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Founders 4, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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31
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Bertoncello KT, Müller TE, Fontana BD, Franscescon F, Filho GLB, Rosemberg DB. Taurine prevents memory consolidation deficits in a novel alcohol-induced blackout model in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:39-45. [PMID: 30880191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most consumed substance worldwide that impairs learning and memory processes, resulting in amnesia or blackout. Due to the genetic conservation, rich behavioral repertoire, and high pharmacological tractability, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful model organism for assessing preventive strategies against the noxious effects of ethanol in vertebrates. Here, we used an inhibitory avoidance apparatus to investigate the potential preventive effects of taurine in a novel ethanol-induced amnesia model in zebrafish. The experimental tank consisted of two compartments of the same size, one dark and another white, which were separated by a guillotine-type door. Three parallel metal bars coupled to an electrical stimulator were connected on each lateral wall of the dark compartment as electrical stimulus source. Differences on the latency to enter the dark compartment were used as retention indexes. A mild electric shock (125 mA, 3 ± 0.2 V) at 10 and 1000 Hz did not promote significant learning, while 100 Hz facilitated memory retention. Posttraining administration of MK-801 blocked this response, reinforcing the predictive validity of the test. Treatments were performed immediately after the training session using the 100 Hz frequency. Animals were exposed to water (control), taurine (42, 150, 400 mg/L), ethanol (0.25%, 1.0% v/v) or taurine plus ethanol to assess the effects on memory consolidation. Test session was performed 24 h following training. Ethanol at 0.25% did not affect memory consolidation, but 1.0% impaired memory without changing locomotion. Although taurine alone did not modulate learning, all concentrations tested exerted prevented ethanol-induced memory impairment. Overall, we describe a novel ethanol-induced blackout model, where a high ethanol concentration acutely impairs memory consolidation in zebrafish. Moreover, since taurine showed a protective role, we reinforce the growing utility of zebrafish models for assessing the deleterious effects of ethanol and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanandra T Bertoncello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara D Fontana
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francini Franscescon
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gilvan L B Filho
- Department of Biomedical Equipment. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. s/n BR 406, Km 145. Ceará-Mirim, RN 59570-000, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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Jin C, Decker AM, Makhijani VH, Besheer J, Darcq E, Kieffer BL, Maitra R. Discovery of a Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant Small Molecule that Activates the Orphan Receptor GPR88 and Reduces Alcohol Intake. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6748-6758. [PMID: 30011199 PMCID: PMC6108082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR88 is highly expressed in the striatum. Studies using GPR88 knockout mice have suggested that the receptor is implicated in alcohol seeking and drinking behaviors. To date, the biological effects of GPR88 activation are still unknown due to the lack of a potent and selective agonist appropriate for in vivo investigation. In this study, we report the discovery of the first potent, selective, and brain-penetrant GPR88 agonist RTI-13951-33 (6). RTI-13951-33 exhibited an EC50 of 25 nM in an in vitro cAMP functional assay and had no significant off-target activity at 38 GPCRs, ion channels, and neurotransmitter transporters that were tested. RTI-13951-33 displayed enhanced aqueous solubility compared to (1 R,2 R)-2-PCCA (2) and had favorable pharmacokinetic properties for behavioral assessment. Finally, RTI-13951-33 significantly reduced alcohol self-administration and alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner without effects on locomotion and sucrose self-administration in rats when administered intraperitoneally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Ann M. Decker
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Viren H. Makhijani
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Brigitte L. Kieffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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33
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Repeated ethanol exposure alters social behavior and oxidative stress parameters of zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:105-111. [PMID: 28602852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repeated ethanol (EtOH) consumption induces neurological disorders in humans and is considered an important public health problem. The physiological effects of EtOH are dose- and time-dependent, causing relevant changes in the social behavior. In addition, alcohol-induced oxidative stress has been proposed as a key mechanism involved in EtOH neurotoxicity. Here we investigate for the first time whether repeated EtOH exposure (REE) alters the social behavior of zebrafish and influences brain oxidation processes. Animals were exposed to water (control group) or 1% (v/v) EtOH (EtOH group) for 8 consecutive days (20min per day). EtOH was added directly to the tank water. At day 9, the social behavior and biochemical parameters were assessed. REE increased shoal cohesion by reducing inter-fish and farthest neighbor distances. SOD and CAT activities, as well as NPSH levels decreased in brain tissue. Moreover, REE increased lipid peroxidation suggesting oxidative damage. In summary, changes in oxidation processes may play a role in the CNS effects of EtOH, influencing the social behavior of zebrafish. Furthermore, in a translational neuroscience perspective, our data reinforces the utility of zebrafish to clarify the biochemical and behavioral effects of intermittent EtOH administration.
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Gimeno C, Dorado ML, Roncero C, Szerman N, Vega P, Balanzá-Martínez V, Alvarez FJ. Treatment of Comorbid Alcohol Dependence and Anxiety Disorder: Review of the Scientific Evidence and Recommendations for Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:173. [PMID: 29018367 PMCID: PMC5614930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders (AnxDs). "Co-occurring disorders" refers to the coexistence of an AUD and/or drug related disorders with another non-addictive psychiatric disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of psychopharmacological treatments and psychotherapy in patients with AUD and AnxD and to propose recommendations for the treatment of patients with comorbid AnxDs and AUDs. Randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Paroxetine was found to be effective in social anxiety patients with alcohol dependence. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), especially sertraline, showed effective results in posttraumatic stress disorder and in comorbid AnxD-AUD. However, SSRIs should be used with caution when patients are actively drinking because they may increase alcohol consumption. Buspirone, gabapentin, and pregabalin were found to be effective in comorbid AnxD-AUD. The treatment of dual AnxDs should start as early as possible. Since AUDs and AnxDs can reinforce each other, treatments targeting both pathologies can be effective. Women suffer from higher levels of stress and AnxDs than men, and they are also more vulnerable to maintaining alcohol consumption levels. Further research is needed in this comorbid patient population, including the study of different types of patients and gender perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gimeno
- Unit for Addictive Behaviours, Conselleria de Sanitat, Alicante, Spain
- Sociedad Española de Patología Dual, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Luisa Dorado
- Sociedad Española de Patología Dual, Madrid, Spain
- Unit for Addictive Behaviors of Guillen de Castro, Conselleria de Sanitat, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Sociedad Española de Patología Dual, Madrid, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Vall Hebron-ASPB, CIBERSAM, Psychiatric Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nestor Szerman
- Sociedad Española de Patología Dual, Madrid, Spain
- Salud Mental Retiro, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vega
- Sociedad Española de Patología Dual, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Adicciones, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Service of Psychiatry, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Valencia, Spain
| | - F. Javier Alvarez
- Sociedad Española de Patología Dual, Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- CEIC/CEIm, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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35
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Nakamura R, Nakano K, Tamura H, Mizunuma M, Fushiki T, Hirata D. Evaluation of the comprehensive palatability of Japanese sake paired with dishes by multiple regression analysis based on subdomains. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017. [PMID: 28635370 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1336924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many factors contribute to palatability. In order to evaluate the palatability of Japanese alcohol sake paired with certain dishes by integrating multiple factors, here we applied an evaluation method previously reported for palatability of cheese by multiple regression analysis based on 3 subdomain factors (rewarding, cultural, and informational). We asked 94 Japanese participants/subjects to evaluate the palatability of sake (1st evaluation/E1 for the first cup, 2nd/E2 and 3rd/E3 for the palatability with aftertaste/afterglow of certain dishes) and to respond to a questionnaire related to 3 subdomains. In E1, 3 factors were extracted by a factor analysis, and the subsequent multiple regression analyses indicated that the palatability of sake was interpreted by mainly the rewarding. Further, the results of attribution-dissections in E1 indicated that 2 factors (rewarding and informational) contributed to the palatability. Finally, our results indicated that the palatability of sake was influenced by the dish eaten just before drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamura
- a Research and Development Department , Asahi Sake Brewing Co. Ltd. , Nagaoka , Japan.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan.,c Faculty of Agriculture , Ryukoku University , Otsu , Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakano
- c Faculty of Agriculture , Ryukoku University , Otsu , Japan.,d Department of Life Environment , Koshien Junior College , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tamura
- a Research and Development Department , Asahi Sake Brewing Co. Ltd. , Nagaoka , Japan
| | - Masaki Mizunuma
- b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Tohru Fushiki
- c Faculty of Agriculture , Ryukoku University , Otsu , Japan
| | - Dai Hirata
- a Research and Development Department , Asahi Sake Brewing Co. Ltd. , Nagaoka , Japan.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
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36
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Rumbach AF, Blitzer A, Frucht SJ, Simonyan K. An open-label study of sodium oxybate in Spasmodic dysphonia. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:1402-1407. [PMID: 27808415 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a task-specific laryngeal dystonia that affects speech production. Co-occurring voice tremor (VT) often complicates the diagnosis and clinical management of SD. Treatment of SD and VT is largely limited to botulinum toxin injections into laryngeal musculature; other pharmacological options are not sufficiently developed. STUDY DESIGN Open-label study. METHODS We conducted an open-label study in 23 SD and 22 SD/VT patients to examine the effects of sodium oxybate (Xyrem), an oral agent with therapeutic effects similar to those of alcohol in these patients. Blinded randomized analysis of voice and speech samples assessed symptom improvement before and after drug administration. RESULTS Sodium oxybate significantly improved voice symptoms (P = .001) primarily by reducing the number of SD-characteristic voice breaks and severity of VT. Sodium oxybate further showed a trend for improving VT symptoms (P = .03) in a subset of patients who received successful botulinum toxin injections for the management of their SD symptoms. The drug's effects were observed approximately 30 to 40 minutes after its intake and lasted about 3.5 to 4 hours. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that sodium oxybate reduced voice symptoms in 82.2% of alcohol-responsive SD patients both with and without co-occurring VT. Our findings suggest that the therapeutic mechanism of sodium oxybate in SD and SD/VT may be linked to that of alcohol, and as such, sodium oxybate might be beneficial for alcohol-responsive SD and SD/VT patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 127:1402-1407, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Rumbach
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Speech Pathology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Blitzer
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A.,Head and Neck Surgical Group, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Steven J Frucht
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A
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