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Cunha A, Gonçalves M, Matos M. Understanding the Dynamics of Domestic Violence During the First Year of the Pandemic: An Integrative Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241277788. [PMID: 39315677 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241277788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
This integrative review aims to analyze and synthesize existing literature to inform our understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of domestic violence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a holistic and ecological framework. Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) study design, searches were conducted on six databases, yielding a final sample of 58 articles. The study comprehensively overviews North America, South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and worldwide research. The literature reveals an alarming increase in domestic violence victimization during the pandemic in most regions and studies, exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities. The increase in domestic violence during the pandemic is linked to ecological factors such as lower physical and mental health, rising substance use, and financial stress, which heightened individuals' vulnerability. Lockdowns exacerbated these issues by increasing confinement in homes, disrupting support services, and limiting victims' access to help. Barriers to help-seeking and amplified personal and professional stressors at the care level are identified. Advocacy for improved awareness, cooperation, and inclusive national and institutional policies emerges. This study underscores the urgency of empirical research to generate reliable data on the pandemic's impact on domestic violence. The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding unique factors affecting specific groups, as well as informing prevention efforts and targeted interventions. Recognizing the mutual benefit of research-practice partnerships is crucial in addressing and preventing domestic violence. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of domestic violence during the pandemic's first year, guiding empirically informed interventions and policy changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cunha
- Center of Investigation in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gonçalves
- Center of Investigation in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marlene Matos
- Center of Investigation in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Stocco CS, Zubiolo TFM, Beltrame MHA, Dell'Agnolo CM. Sexual violence against children and adolescents in Paraná State: geospatial analysis and main socioeconomic indicators. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:498-504. [PMID: 38703786 PMCID: PMC11361892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child sexual violence is a multidimensional problem of many contemporary societies, affecting people of all sexes, social stratum and age groups. Offenses involving children and adolescents are more serious, given their total or partial dependence on parents and caregivers. Information on child sexual violence in Brazil is found in raw form and without detail. The objective was to compare the information with social and economic data in the state of Paraná. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective study of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) on cases of sexual violence involving victims aged 0 to 19 years. Results are presented according to notification characteristics. The authors applied exploratory spatial data analysis to assess spatial autocorrelations and investigated relationships by the ordinary least squares regression model. RESULTS Between 2017 and 2021, there were 13,403 reports of child sexual violence in Paraná State, Brazil. Most victims (82.8%) were female and aged between 10 and 14 years. The majority of sexual violence cases (67.8%) occurred in the home environment. The highest rates on a population basis were observed in the North Central and Greater Curitiba regions, mainly in cities with higher population density and with higher rates of other types of violence. CONCLUSION The results provide data that can promote a broader understanding of the distribution of sexual violence and the state and associated variations. It is expected to improve the provision of care for victims of child sexual violence and assist in strategic planning to prevent future offenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus Henrique Arruda Beltrame
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Medicina, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Grupo de Estudos em Tecnologias Digitais e Geoprocessamento em Saúde (GETS), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Cátia Millene Dell'Agnolo
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão, Tecnologia e Inovação em Urgência e Emergência, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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de Carvalho AA, de Almeida TF, Cabral MBBDS, Cangussu MCT. Investigation of Malocclusion and Associated Factors in Preschoolers: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:275-288. [PMID: 38920754 PMCID: PMC11202454 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe the prevalence of malocclusion and identify associated factors in preschool children. Completed in 2022-2023, this cross-sectional study included 523 children aged 26 to 80 months in municipal schools in Salvador. An oral examination was carried out on the children, and a questionnaire was self-administered by the parents. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression (the backward method, p-value ≤ 0.05, 95% CI) were conducted. The majority of children were female (51.82%), over 54 months old (52.2%), Black or mixed race (90.63%), and not affected by COVID-19 (92.35%). The prevalence of malocclusion was 43.21%, with open bite as the most common condition. There was a significant association between malocclusion and screen time (OR: 1.34; p: 0.116; CI: 1.0-1.94), physical/psychological aggression (OR: 2.55; p: 0.031; CI: 1.0-5.98), consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR: 1.77; p: 0.003; CI: 1.22-2.57), digital suction (OR: 3.1; p: 0.001; CI: 1.56-6.16), and the habit of biting objects (OR: 1.56; p: 0.121; CI: 1.0-2.73). The promotion of comprehensive health in early childhood and psychosocial interventions are recommended, aiming to reduce screen time, aggression, consumption of ultra-processed foods, thumb sucking, and the habit of biting objects to prevent malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Cristina Teixeira Cangussu
- Departamento de Odontologia Social e Pediátrica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Araújo Pinho Street, 6º Floor, 62 Canela, Salvador 41110-150, BA, Brazil; (A.A.d.C.); (T.F.d.A.); (M.B.B.d.S.C.)
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Thome JC, Gracey K, Epstein RA, Cull MJ, Kuhn T, Raman R. Reporting of Child Maltreatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Southern State in the United States. Public Health Rep 2024:333549241245846. [PMID: 38785338 DOI: 10.1177/00333549241245846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19-related stay-at-home orders (SAHOs) created an immediate physical barrier between children and professionals such as pediatricians and teachers, who are often first to identify and report signs of child maltreatment. Our objective was to determine how the SAHO in a southern state was associated with reports of child maltreatment and whether this association was modified by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS We linked data on reports of child maltreatment from a southern state in the United States from October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2020, to data from the US Census Bureau to obtain data on county-level socioeconomic characteristics. We fit a segmented regression model to evaluate changes in reports before and after the SAHO, March 20, 2020. We evaluated potential disparities by child age, case and allegation severity, and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS Of 374 885 hotline calls, 276 878 (73.9%) were made before the SAHO and 98 007 (26.1%) after it. Although an immediate decrease in reports of child maltreatment occurred on the day of the SAHO, the rates of reporting within socioeconomic groups started increasing thereafter. While we found no significant change in the overall rate of change in hotline calls after versus before the SAHO (0.23; 95% CI, -0.11 to 0.58), stratified analyses indicate that the rates at which reporting increased varied by education level, health insurance coverage, median annual household income, and unemployment. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating these trends is important for policy makers and practitioners to understand how policies enforced during the pandemic influence child maltreatment reporting and how these policies may affect reporting differently across socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Thome
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathy Gracey
- Vanderbilt Center of Excellence for Children in State Custody, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard A Epstein
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Cull
- Center for Innovation in Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tarah Kuhn
- Vanderbilt Center of Excellence for Children in State Custody, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rameela Raman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Silva VLMD, Silveira LMBD, Cecchetto FR, Njaine K, Silva AD, Pinto LW. Inter(national) recommendations to face violence against women and girls in COVID-19 pandemic. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:1643-1653. [PMID: 37255142 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023286.14412022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is an integral part of the research "Violence in the context of COVID-19: global challenges and vulnerabilities", which proposes a critical reflection on situations of gender-based violence increased by social distancing protocols, required by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a 2020 literature survey, we have analyzed recommendations made by researchers and institutions from different countries around the world, with the aim of systematizing and disseminating strategies to deal with this scenario. The material is organized into two thematic areas, namely: gender policies and intersectoral actions; and strategies to face violence against women and children in the health and social work field. The recommendations are focused on the development of actions by States/governments, service networks and society in general. Part of the recommendations suggest increasing or adapting existing surveillance actions and part of them contribute with creative proposals, guiding promotional and preventive actions at an individual and collective level. The adoption of teleassistance, media campaigns raising awareness that violence is unjustifiable and the development of reporting strategies through signs and codes have been reiterated in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lucia Marques da Silva
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1.480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Liane Maria Braga da Silveira
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1.480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | | | - Kathie Njaine
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1.480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Adriano da Silva
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1.480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Liana Wernersbach Pinto
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1.480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
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Garcia de Avila MA, Carter B, Blake L, Saron H, Kirton J, Protheroe J, Novaes DC, Alencar RA, Fernandes Teixeira TR, Bray L. How parents share and limit their child’s access to information about
COVID-19: A mixed methods online survey study. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:116-127. [PMID: 34569323 PMCID: PMC9931876 DOI: 10.1177/13674935211046724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the role that parents play in sharing or limiting their child's access to information about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A subset of data from an international mixed methods online survey study was analysed to elucidate the findings from Brazil. An online survey, conducted between April and June 2020, gathered closed and open text views from parents of children aged 7-12 years old. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative open text data were analysed using the three stages of the Bardin content analysis framework: pre-analysis (data organisation and initial full-content reading); exploration of the material (thematic coding to identify major motifs and develop thematic categories) and interpretation (treating the data as significant and valid). The sample consisted of 112 (89%) mothers and 14 (11%) fathers. The analysis of the parents open text resulted in two categories: 'How parents share information with their children about COVID-19' and 'How parents limit information to their children about COVID-19'. Some parents reported adopting an honest and open approach on how they shared information with their children, whilst some parents chose to minimise their child's access to information about the pandemic over concerns of the mortality related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla A Garcia de Avila
- Department of Nursing, Botucatu
Medical School, São Paulo State
University–UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil,Marla A Garcia de Avila, Department of
Nursing, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University–UNESP, Damião
Pinheiro Machado, 751, Botucatu, São Paulo 18603-560, Brazil.
| | - Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and
Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Lucy Blake
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and
Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Holly Saron
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and
Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Jennifer Kirton
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and
Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Joanne Protheroe
- Keele Medical School, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Dayane C Novaes
- Department of Nursing, Botucatu
Medical School, São Paulo State
University–UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rúbia A Alencar
- Department of Nursing, Botucatu
Medical School, São Paulo State
University–UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Lucy Bray
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and
Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Fonseca ACDS, Marin AH. Violência Autoprovocada no Brasil: Caracterização dos Casos Notificados entre 2009 e 2021. REVISTA PSICOLOGIA E SAÚDE 2023. [DOI: 10.20435/pssa.v14i3.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A violência autoprovocada consiste em um problema de saúde pública, devido a sua elevada incidência e prejuízos decorrentes. A notificação dessa conduta ocorre por meio do Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (VIVA), que integra o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os casos notificados no Brasil a partir dos registros do SINAN correspondentes ao período de 2009 a 2021. Análises descritivas revelaram o crescimento dos registros no Brasil, envolvendo, predominantemente, pessoas do sexo feminino, com idades entre 15 e 29 anos, de cor branca e ensino fundamental incompleto ou médio completo. As agressões ocorreram majoritariamente na própria residência e abarcaram mais de um episódio. Reforça-se a relevância de avaliar as características da violência autoprovocada, de modo a vislumbrar fatores de risco e de proteção associados ao fenômeno para o delineamento de ações e políticas públicas.
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Lima VMDF, Stochero L, Azeredo CM, Moraes CLD, Hasselmann MH, Marques ES. Characterization and completeness of notification sheet of violence against the older adults in Niterói-RJ, 2011-2020. EPIDEMIOLOGIA E SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE 2023; 32:e2022451. [PMID: 36946831 PMCID: PMC10027045 DOI: 10.1590/s2237-96222023000100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the profile of violence against the elderly and the degree of completeness of event notification forms in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS this was a descriptive study having as its data source violence notification forms held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System for the period 2011-2020; analysis of form completeness was performed according to criteria proposed by the Ministry of Health. RESULTS of the 486 registered cases, physical violence was the most reported type of violence (48.1%), followed by psychological violence (22.2%) and self-harm (21.4%); the fields with the highest degree of incompleteness were victim's level of schooling (32.8%) and repeat violence (41.5%). CONCLUSION despite the increase in notifications in the period, predominantly of physical violence, completeness of some of the form fields continues to be poor, which reinforces the importance of training professionals to improve the reporting process and data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciane Stochero
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Claudia Leite de Moraes
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Emanuele Souza Marques
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Noreña Herrera C, Muñoz Echeverri IF, Velásquez Quintero P, Monsalve López JG, Guerra Sierra BE, Sánchez Gómez IC. [Public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in institutions for the protection of children and adolescents in two departments in ColombiaMedidas de saúde pública em instituições de proteção de crianças e adolescentes em dois departamentos da Colômbia durante a pandemia de COVID-19]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e216. [PMID: 36582619 PMCID: PMC9791459 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Analyze facilitating processes, obstacles, and effects of the implementation of non-pharmacological public health measures for the prevention of COVID-19 in child and adolescent protection centers in two departments (Antioquia and La Guajira) in Colombia during the period 2020-2021. Methods Mixed methods study with a convergent parallel design in 13 residential child/adolescent protection facilities in Colombia (11 in Antioquia and two in La Guajira). A questionnaire was given to 145 children and adolescents, and 23 interviews were held with persons responsible for the implementation of measures in the national family welfare system. Results The implemented non-pharmacological public health measures did not differ by department; the most complex to implement were physical distancing and restriction of family visits. Conclusions In centers for the protection of children and adolescents in Antioquia and La Guajira, non-pharmacological public health measures helped mitigate the spread of the virus in environments considered at-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Noreña Herrera
- Grupo de Gestión y políticas en SaludFacultad Nacional de Salud PúblicaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombiaGrupo de Gestión y políticas en Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Camilo Noreña Herrera,
| | - Iván Felipe Muñoz Echeverri
- Grupo de Gestión y políticas en SaludFacultad Nacional de Salud PúblicaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombiaGrupo de Gestión y políticas en Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Paola Velásquez Quintero
- Grupo de Gestión y políticas en SaludFacultad Nacional de Salud PúblicaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombiaGrupo de Gestión y políticas en Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jose Guillermo Monsalve López
- Grupo de Gestión y políticas en SaludFacultad Nacional de Salud PúblicaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombiaGrupo de Gestión y políticas en Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Blanca Elena Guerra Sierra
- Grupo de Gestión y políticas en SaludFacultad Nacional de Salud PúblicaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombiaGrupo de Gestión y políticas en Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Isabel Cristina Sánchez Gómez
- Grupo de Gestión y políticas en SaludFacultad Nacional de Salud PúblicaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombiaGrupo de Gestión y políticas en Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Oliveira NFD, Sá EVHCD, Lombardi T, Rabelo RDS. Child Labor in the State of Amazonas: Invisibility of the Notification System. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220042. [PMID: 36478215 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of reported cases of child labor in general and to compare official reported child labor data with data on sexual exploitation and occupational accidents involving children and adolescents between 2017 and 2021. METHODS Descriptive study based on data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System about child labor, work accidents and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents aged between 5 and 17 years. Annual disease notification rates were calculated and grouped by mesoregions of the state of Amazonas. RESULTS From 2017 to 2021, there were 312 reports of situations of child labor, being 46.8% involving children and 53.2% involving adolescents. Of these notifications, 20 corresponded to child labor itself, 141 to child and adolescent sexual exploitation, and 151 to work-related accidents involving children and adolescents. The South and Center regions were the ones that most underreported child sexual exploitation as child labor. The Southwest and South mesoregions, on the other hand, were the ones that most underreported work accidents involving children and adolescents as child labor. CONCLUSION Child labor in Amazonas basically stems from sexual exploitation and, even though it is underreported, it is frequent, although uneven between regions. Confronting the problem in the state necessarily involves improving the information system in order to acknowledge the actual dimension of the problem and then define intervention measures and logistics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tommaso Lombardi
- State Forum for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Labor - Manaus (AM), Brazil
| | - Regiane da Silva Rabelo
- State Forum for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Labor - Manaus (AM), Brazil
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Asadi N, Salmani F, Salmani M. The relationship between aggressive behaviors of preschool children and the violence against Iranian women in the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:406. [PMID: 36199132 PMCID: PMC9532810 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During epidemics, supports are limited and individual and collective vulnerabilities as well as domestic violence are increased. Therefore, various groups in society, especially children and their mothers, are extremely vulnerable. This study aimed to assess the relationship between aggressive behaviors of preschool children and the violence against Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in October-November 2020. Stratified random sampling was performed among preschool children in Kerman. Data were collected using the Violence toward Women Inventory and the Aggression scale for preschoolers Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS25, ANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS The results showed that the total mean scores of violence against women and preschoolers' aggression were 54.43 ± 10.6 and 88.44 ± 6.5, respectively. The results showed a statistically significant difference in aggressive behaviors of preschool children, mother's job, number of children, mother's education, income, and age. A positive and significant relationship was also found between the subscales of violence against women and aggression in preschool children. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a positive and significant relationship between violence against women and aggression of preschool children. Therefore, it is recommended that parents identify and eliminate the risk factors for domestic violence during the COVID-19 in order to protect their children. Parents also must learn coping strategies for stress and resilience in the epidemic crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Asadi
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salmani
- Nursing & Midwifery Sciences Development Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
| | - Mahin Salmani
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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Katz I, Priolo-Filho S, Katz C, Andresen S, Bérubé A, Cohen N, Connell CM, Collin-Vézina D, Fallon B, Fouche A, Fujiwara T, Haffejee S, Korbin JE, Maguire-Jack K, Massarweh N, Munoz P, Tarabulsy GM, Tiwari A, Truter E, Varela N, Wekerle C, Yamaoka Y. One year into COVID-19: What have we learned about child maltreatment reports and child protective service responses? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105473. [PMID: 34996621 PMCID: PMC8760954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A year has passed since COVID-19 began disrupting systems. Although children are not considered a risk population for the virus, there is accumulating knowledge regarding children's escalating risk for maltreatment during the pandemic. OBJECTIVE The current study is part of a larger initiative using an international platform to examine child maltreatment (CM) reports and child protective service (CPS) responses in various countries. The first data collection, which included a comparison between eight countries after the pandemic's first wave (March-June 2020), illustrated a worrisome picture regarding children's wellbeing. The current study presents the second wave of data across 12 regions via population data (Australia [New South Wales], Brazil, United States [California, Pennsylvania], Colombia, England, Germany, Israel, Japan, Canada [Ontario, Quebec], South Africa). METHOD Regional information was gathered, including demographics, economic situation, and CPS responses to COVID-19. A descriptive analysis was conducted to provide an overview of the phenomenon. RESULTS Across all of the countries, COVID-19 had a substantial negative impact on the operation of CPSs and the children and families they serve by disrupting in-person services. One year into the COVID-19 pandemic, new reports of CM varied across the regions.1 In some, the impact of COVID-19 on CPS was low to moderate, while in others, more significant changes created multiple challenges for CPS services. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 created a barrier for CPS to access and protect children. The dramatic variance between the regions demonstrated how social, economic and structural contexts impact both CM reports and CPS responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Katz
- Social Policy Research Centre (SPRC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Sidnei Priolo-Filho
- The Graduate Program of Psychology, the Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Rua Sydnei Antonio Rangel Santos 238, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carmit Katz
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Sabine Andresen
- Social Pedagogy & Family Research Department, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Education, Institute for Social Pedagogy and Adult Education, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, D-60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Annie Bérubé
- The Department of Psycho-education and psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada.
| | - Noa Cohen
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Christian M Connell
- Pennsylvania State University, 217 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Delphine Collin-Vézina
- The Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Suite 106, Wilson Hall, 3506 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Barbara Fallon
- The Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, the University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ansie Fouche
- Department of Social Wellbeing, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates; Department of Child Protection Social Work, North-West University, South Africa.
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1 Chome-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sadiyya Haffejee
- University of Johannesburg, Cnr Kingsway & University Roads, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa.
| | - Jill E Korbin
- Department of anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
| | - Katie Maguire-Jack
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Nadia Massarweh
- The Al-Qasemi Educational college of education, P.O.Box 124, Baqa-El-Gharbia 3010000, Israel
| | - Pablo Munoz
- Nacional Universidad de Colombia, Building 205 - Of. 117, Bogota, DC, Colombia.
| | - George M Tarabulsy
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Laval University, Pavillon Charles-De Koninck 1030, avenue des Sciences-Humaines Suite 3456, Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Ashwini Tiwari
- The Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Elmien Truter
- Child Protection Social Work, North-West University. Building 9A, Office G17.6, Vanderbijlpark Campus, South Africa.
| | - Natalia Varela
- Faculty of social and human sciences, Externado University, Calle 12 No. 1-17 Este, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Christine Wekerle
- The Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. - MIP 201A, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yui Yamaoka
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1 Chome-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Marchionatti LE, Caye A, Kieling C. The mental health of children and young people living in big cities in a revolving postpandemic world. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2022; 35:200-206. [PMID: 35579874 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The world's population is increasingly urban, with most children and young people growing up and living in cities. Evidence suggests that urbanicity is linked to an increased risk for the development of mental health disorders. Rather than an accumulation of risk factors, urbanization is a complex process that profoundly structures living conditions. In this sense, it is timely to discuss what are the social and structural determinants of mental health of children and young people in such settings. RECENT FINDINGS Three domains of determinants of mental health were selected for discussion: economics and living conditions, crime and violence, and urban layouts. For each, we debated realities faced by urban children and young people, providing an overview of recent evidence on implications for mental disorders and well being. We also discuss the potential impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on each domain, as well as recommendations for future action. SUMMARY Structural factors are of major relevance for the mental health of children and young people living in cities. The agenda of mental health promotion and prevention must include whole-of-society interventions aimed at improving living conditions, including economic and social capital, violence prevention and urbanistic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Caye
- Department of Psychiatry
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Oliveira NFD, Sá EVHCD, Lombardi T, Rabelo RDS. Trabalho infantil no estado do Amazonas: a invisibilidade do sistema de notificação. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220042.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características dos casos notificados de trabalho infantil em geral e comparar dados oficiais notificados de trabalho infantil com dados de exploração sexual e acidentes de trabalho envolvendo crianças e adolescentes entre 2017 e 2021. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com base nos dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação sobre trabalho infantil, acidente de trabalho e exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 5 e 17 anos. Foram calculadas taxas de notificação anuais dos agravos e agregadas por mesorregião do estado do Amazonas. Resultados: No período de 2017 a 2021, houve 312 notificações de situações envolvendo trabalho infantil, sendo 46,8% com crianças e 53,2% com adolescentes. Dessas notificações, 20 correspondiam ao trabalho infantil propriamente dito, 141 de exploração sexual infantojuvenil e 151 casos de acidente de trabalho envolvendo crianças e adolescentes. As mesorregiões sul e centro foram as que mais subnotificaram exploração sexual infantojuvenil como trabalho infantil. Já as mesorregiões sudoeste e sul foram as que mais sub-registraram acidentes de trabalho envolvendo crianças e adolescentes como trabalho infantil. Conclusão: O trabalho infantil no Amazonas decorre basicamente de exploração sexual e, mesmo subnotificado, é de ocorrência frequente, porém desigual entre as regiões. O enfrentamento do agravo no estado passa, obrigatoriamente, pelo aperfeiçoamento do sistema de informação a fim conhecer a real dimensão do problema para, então, definir medidas e logística de intervenção.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tommaso Lombardi
- State Forum for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Labor, Brazil
| | - Regiane da Silva Rabelo
- State Forum for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Labor, Brazil
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Abstract
The present study is systematic rapid review on the nature of the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and child maltreatment. Database searches on December 28, 2020, identified 234 unique citations; 12 were ultimately included in our analysis. Included articles measured child maltreatment inclusive of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, and child neglect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with the prepandemic period, 5 articles found an increase in child maltreatment, 6 articles found a decrease, and 1 study found no difference. There existed variation in geography of study location, age of child maltreatment victims, and types of child maltreatment assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Rapp
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Gloria Fall
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abigail C Radomsky
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Sara Santarossa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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16
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Epidemiological Study of Violence against Children and Its Increase during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910061. [PMID: 34639362 PMCID: PMC8507936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological profiles of violence against children, victims, and their aggressors, and their correlations between socioeconomic and demographic factors analyzed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective observational study based on a review of Individual Notification Forms from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, including child victims of violence, under 18 years, assisted by a pediatric emergency service in Brazil, from 2016–2020. Data were stratified, then statistical analysis was performed using the two-proportion equality test and the Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. A total of 609 notifications were analyzed and a prevalence of sexual violence (63.2%) was reported. The prevalent profile of victim was female (76.7%), aged between 2–9 years (38.1%) and 14–18 years (35.6%). The violence occurs in the victim’s home (58.9%). The prevalent profile of perpetrator was male (82.4%), young adolescent (59.2%), living as family (64%), mainly the parents (18.4%). No correlation was found between the classified socioeconomic and demographic variables and violence. There was an increase in notifications during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the same period in the previous year; self-harm was reported in 59.7% of physical violence in 2020. Prevalence of sexual violence was higher for females, aged between 2–9 and 14–18 years, victimized in their homes, by male offenders, living as family, mainly by their parents. No association was found between child violence and the socioeconomic and demographic.
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Cabral IE, Ciuffo LL, Santos MP, Nunes YDR, Lomba MDL. Diretrizes brasileiras e portuguesas de proteção à criança vulnerável à violência na pandemia de COVID-19. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo identificar e analisar medidas de proteção à criança/adolescente vulnerável à violência na epidemia de COVID-19 no Brasil e em Portugal. Método implementou-se a pesquisa documental de diretrizes governamentais expedidas entre março e setembro de 2020. A análise hermenêutica fundamentou-se nos preceitos da vulnerabilidade em saúde e da defesa do melhor interesse de crianças/adolescentes. Resultados recomendaram-se ações articuladas de apoio e parcerias nacionais, locais e interinstitucionais; atuação multiprofissional, intra/intersetorial como medidas de proteção à criança/adolescente vulneráveis à violência intrafamiliar. Destacam-se o estímulo a notificação, investigação, intervenção e acompanhamento de casos. Constatam-se investimentos dos países na ampliação de canais de teleatendimento e estímulo à denúncias pela sociedade e redes sociais. Contudo, há indícios de poucos registros de casos, justificado pelas campanhas publicitárias em Portugal que incentivaram denúncias aos órgãos responsáveis. A proteção à renda e ao trabalho dos provedores da família durante o isolamento social e momento de suspensão das aulas presenciais teve a intenção de protegê-los da insegurança alimentar e do contágio da doença. Conclusão documentos determinaram ações para instituições, profissionais de saúde, familiares e sociedade no enfrentamento da violência intrafamiliar. Na pandemia de COVID-19, é dever do Estado seguir protegendo o direito à vida e à dignidade da criança e adolescente.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Evangelista Cabral
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Márcia Pestana Santos
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal; Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Portugal
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