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Prabhu NM, Lehmann N, Kaminski E, Müller N, Taubert M. Online stimulation of the prefrontal cortex during practice increases motor variability and modulates later cognitive transfer: a randomized, double-blinded and sham-controlled tDCS study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20162. [PMID: 39215020 PMCID: PMC11364672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of learning a motor skill extend to improved task-specific cognitive abilities. The mechanistic underpinnings of this motor-cognition relationship potentially rely on overlapping neural resources involved in both processes, an assumption lacking causal evidence. We hypothesize that interfering with prefrontal networks would inhibit concurrent motor skill performance, long-term learning and associated cognitive functions dependent on similar networks (transfer). We conducted a randomised, double-blinded, sham-controlled brain stimulation study using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in young adults spanning over three weeks to assess the role of the prefrontal regions in learning a complex balance task and long-term cognitive performance. Balance training combined with active tDCS led to higher performance variability in the trained task as compared to the sham group, impacting the process of learning a complex task without affecting the learning rate. Furthermore, active tDCS also positively influenced performance in untrained motor and cognitive tasks. The findings of this study help ascertaining the networks directly involved in learning a complex motor task and its implications on cognitive function. Hence, opening up the possibility of harnessing the observed frontal networks involved in resource mobilization in instances of aging, brain lesion/injury or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Maria Prabhu
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Nico Lehmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Notger Müller
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 9, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Neuroprotection Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marco Taubert
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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2
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Andriuta D, Roussel M, Chene G, Fischer C, Mangin JF, Dubois B, Vellas B, Pasquier F, Tison F, Blanc F, Hanon O, Paquet C, Gabelle A, Ceccaldi M, Annweiler C, Krolak-Salmon P, David R, Rouch-Leroyer I, Benetos A, Moreaud O, Sellal F, Jalenques I, Vandel P, Bouteloup V, Godefroy O. The pattern of cortical thickness associated with executive dysfunction in MCI and SCC: The MEMENTO cohort. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024:S0035-3787(24)00534-4. [PMID: 38866655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2024.02.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the pattern of cortical thickness (CT) and executive dysfunction (ED) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) is still poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the association between CT and ED in a large French cohort (MEMENTO) of 2323 participants with MCI or SCC. METHODS All participants with available CT and executive function data (verbal fluency and Trail Making Test [TMT]) were selected (n=1924). Linear regressions were performed to determine relationships between executive performance and the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and CT using FreeSurfer. RESULTS The global executive function score was related to the BPF (sß: 0.091, P<0.001) and CT in the right supramarginal (sß: 0.060, P=0.041) and right isthmus cingulate (sß: 0.062, P=0.011) regions. Literal verbal fluency was related to the BPF (sß: 0.125, P<0.001) and CT in the left parsorbitalis region (sß: 0.045, P=0.045). Semantic verbal fluency was related to the BPF (sß: 0.101, P<0.001) and CT in the right supramarginal region (sß: 0.061, P=0.042). The time difference between the TMT parts B and A was related to the BPF (sß: 0.048, P=0.045) and CT in the right precuneus (sß: 0.073, P=0.019) and right isthmus cingulate region (sß: 0.054, P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS In a large clinically based cohort of participants presenting with either MCI or SCC (a potential early stage of Alzheimer's disease [AD]), ED was related to the BPF and CT in the left pars orbitalis, right precuneus, right supramarginal, and right isthmus cingulate regions. This pattern of lesions adds knowledge to the conventional anatomy of ED and could contribute to the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Andriuta
- Department of Neurology and Functional Neuroscience and Pathology Laboratory, Jules-Verne University of Picardy, Amiens University Hospital, CHU de Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France.
| | - M Roussel
- Department of Neurology and Functional Neuroscience and Pathology Laboratory, Jules-Verne University of Picardy, Amiens University Hospital, CHU de Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - G Chene
- School of Public Health, Inserm U1219, institut de santé publique, d'épidémiologie et de développement, université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Fischer
- University Hospital, Sorbonne Universities, Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University, 75006 Paris, France; Institut du cerveau et la moelle (ICM), hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - J-F Mangin
- University Hospital, Sorbonne Universities, Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University, 75006 Paris, France; Institut du cerveau et la moelle (ICM), hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - B Dubois
- University Hospital, Sorbonne Universities, Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University, 75006 Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - B Vellas
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Toulouse, CHU de Toulouse, hôpital La Grave-Casselardit, Toulouse, France
| | - F Pasquier
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Lille, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - F Tison
- Institute for Neurodegenerative diseases, CMRR, University and University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Blanc
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - O Hanon
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Paris Broca, hôpital Broca, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, EA 4468, Paris, France
| | - C Paquet
- Cognitive Neurology Centre, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Gabelle
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Montpellier, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - M Ceccaldi
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Marseille, hôpital La Timone, CHU de Marseille, 13000 Marseille, France
| | - C Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France; UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - P Krolak-Salmon
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Lyon, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital des Charpennes, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - R David
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Nice, CHU de Nice, Nice, France; Institut Claude-Pompidou, EA 7276 CoBTeK "Cognition Behaviour Technology", 06100 Nice, France
| | - I Rouch-Leroyer
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Saint-Étienne, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - A Benetos
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Nancy, CHU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - O Moreaud
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Grenoble, hôpital de la Tronche, CHU de Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F Sellal
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Strasbourg/Colmar, hôpitaux civils de Colmar, 68000 Colmar, France; Inserm U-1118, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - I Jalenques
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Vandel
- Memory Resource and Research Centre of Besançon, hôpital Jean-Minjoz, hôpital Saint-Jacques, CHU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - V Bouteloup
- School of Public Health, Inserm U1219, institut de santé publique, d'épidémiologie et de développement, université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - O Godefroy
- Department of Neurology and Functional Neuroscience and Pathology Laboratory, Jules-Verne University of Picardy, Amiens University Hospital, CHU de Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France
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Corbo I, Troisi G, Marselli G, Casagrande M. The role of cognitive flexibility on higher level executive functions in mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:317. [PMID: 38816884 PMCID: PMC11140914 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a preclinical condition between healthy and pathological aging, which is characterized by impairments in executive functions (EFs), including cognitive flexibility. According to Diamond's model, cognitive flexibility is a core executive function, along with working memory and inhibition, but it requires the development of these last EFs to reach its full potential. In this model, planning and fluid intelligence are considered higher-level EFs. Given their central role in enabling individuals to adapt their daily life behavior efficiently, the goal is to gain valuable insight into the functionality of cognitive flexibility in a preclinical form of cognitive decline. This study aims to investigate the role of cognitive flexibility and its components, set-shifting and switching, in MCI. The hypotheses are as follows: (I) healthy participants are expected to perform better than those with MCI on cognitive flexibility and higher-level EFs tasks, taking into account the mediating role of global cognitive functioning; (II) cognitive flexibility can predict performance on higher-level EFs (i.e., planning and fluid intelligence) tasks differently in healthy individuals and those diagnosed with MCI. METHODS Ninety participants were selected and divided into a healthy control group (N = 45; mean age 64.1 ± 6.80; 66.6% female) and an MCI group (N = 45; mean age 65.2 ± 8.14; 40% female). Cognitive flexibility, fluid intelligence, planning, and global cognitive functioning of all participants were assessed using standardized tasks. RESULTS Results indicated that individuals with MCI showed greater impairment in global cognitive functioning and EFs performance. Furthermore, the study confirms the predictive role of cognitive flexibility for higher EFs in individuals with MCI and only partially in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Corbo
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Troisi
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marselli
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1 - 00185, Rome, Italy
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Lähde N, Basnyat P, Raitanen J, Kämppi L, Lehtimäki K, Rosti-Otajärvi E, Peltola J. Complex executive functions assessed by the trail making test (TMT) part B improve more than those assessed by the TMT part A or digit span backward task during vagus nerve stimulation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1349201. [PMID: 38419904 PMCID: PMC10899669 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1349201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a paucity of clinical studies examining the long-term effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on cognition, although a recent study of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) treated with VNS therapy demonstrated significant improvement in executive functions as measured by the EpiTrack composite score. The present study aimed to investigate performance variability in three cognitive tests assessing executive functions and working memory in a cohort of DRE patients receiving VNS therapy during a follow-up duration of up to 5 years. Methods The study included 46 DRE patients who were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT) (Parts A and B) and Digit Span Backward (DB) task prior to VNS implantation, 6 months and 12 months after implantation, and yearly thereafter as a part of the clinical VNS protocol. A linear mixed-effects (LME) model was used to analyze changes in test z scores over time, accounting for variations in follow-up duration when predicting changes over 5 years. Additionally, we conducted descriptive analyses to illustrate individual changes. Results On average, TMT-A z scores improved by 0.024 units (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.006 to 0.042, p = 0.009), TMT-B z scores by 0.034 units (95% CI: 0.012 to 0.057, p = 0.003), and DB z scores by 0.019 units per month (95% CI: 0.011 to 0.028, p < 0.001). Patients with psychiatric comorbidities achieved the greatest improvements in TMT-B and DB z scores among all groups (0.0058 units/month, p = 0.036 and 0.028 units/month, p = 0.003, respectively). TMT-A z scores improved the most in patients taking 1-2 ASMs as well as in patients with psychiatric comorbidities (0.042 units/month, p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion Performance in all three tests improved at the group level during the follow-up period, with the most robust improvement observed in TMT-B, which requires inhibition control and set-switching in addition to the visuoperceptual processing speed that is crucial in TMT-A and working-memory performance that is essential in DB. Moreover, the improvement in TMT-B was further enhanced if the patient had psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Lähde
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pabitra Basnyat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Kämppi
- Epilepsia Helsinki, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Lehtimäki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eija Rosti-Otajärvi
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Rehabilitation and Psychosocial Support, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Peltola
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Won J, Zaborszky L, Purcell JJ, Ranadive SM, Gentili RJ, Smith JC. Basal forebrain functional connectivity as a mediator of associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in healthy older women. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:571-583. [PMID: 37273101 PMCID: PMC11005819 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related cholinergic dysfunction within the basal forebrain (BF) is one of the key hallmarks for age-related cognitive decline. Given that higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) induces neuroprotective effects that may differ by sex, we investigated the moderating effects of sex on the associations between CRF, BF cholinergic function, and cognitive function in older adults. 176 older adults (68.5 years) were included from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Functional connectivity (rsFC) of the BF subregions including the medial septal nucleus/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) were computed from resting-sate functional MRI. Modified Astrand-Ryhming submaximal cycle ergometer protocol was used to estimate CRF. Trail making task and inhibition performance during the color word interference test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were used to examine cognitive function. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations between CRF, BF rsFC, and cognitive performance after controlling for age, sex, and years of education. Subsequently, we measured the associations between the variables in men and women separately to investigate the sex differences. There was an association between higher CRF and greater rsFC between the NBM and right middle frontal gyrus in older men and women. There were significant associations between CRF, NBM rsFC, and trail making task number-letter switching performance only in women. In women, greater NBM rsFC mediated the association between higher CRF and better trail making task number-letter switching performance. These findings provide evidence that greater NBM rsFC, particularly in older women, may be an underlying neural mechanism for the relationship between higher CRF and better executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laszlo Zaborszky
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jeremy J Purcell
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rodolphe J Gentili
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Anziano M, Mouthon M, Thoeny H, Sperber C, Spierer L. Mental flexibility depends on a largely distributed white matter network: Causal evidence from connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping. Cortex 2023; 165:38-56. [PMID: 37253289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mental flexibility (MF) refers to the capacity to dynamically switch from one task to another. Current neurocognitive models suggest that since this function requires interactions between multiple remote brain areas, the integrity of the anatomic tracts connecting these brain areas is necessary to maintain performance. We tested this hypothesis by assessing with a connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping approach the effects of white matter lesions on the brain's structural connectome and their association with performance on the trail making test, a neuropsychological test of MF, in a sample of 167 first unilateral stroke patients. We found associations between MF deficits and damage of i) left lateralized fronto-temporo-parietal connections and interhemispheric connections between left temporo-parietal and right parietal areas; ii) left cortico-basal connections; and iii) left cortico-pontine connections. We further identified a relationship between MF and white matter disconnections within cortical areas composing the cognitive control, default mode and attention functional networks. These results for a central role of white matter integrity in MF extend current literature by providing causal evidence for a functional interdependence among the regional cortical and subcortical structures composing the MF network. Our results further emphasize the necessity to consider connectomics in lesion-symptom mapping analyses to establish comprehensive neurocognitive models of high-order cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Anziano
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Mouthon
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Harriet Thoeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Sperber
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Spierer
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Voruz P, Cionca A, Jacot de Alcântara I, Nuber‐Champier A, Allali G, Benzakour L, Lalive PH, Lövblad KO, Braillard O, Nehme M, Coen M, Serratrice J, Reny J, Pugin J, Guessous I, Ptak R, Landis BN, Adler D, Griffa A, Van De Ville D, Assal F, Péron JA. Brain functional connectivity alterations associated with neuropsychological performance 6-9 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1629-1646. [PMID: 36458984 PMCID: PMC9878070 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychological deficits and brain damage following SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Then, 116 patients, with either severe, moderate, or mild disease in the acute phase underwent neuropsychological and olfactory tests, as well as completed psychiatric and respiratory questionnaires at 223 ± 42 days postinfection. Additionally, a subgroup of 50 patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients in the severe group displayed poorer verbal episodic memory performances, and moderate patients had reduced mental flexibility. Neuroimaging revealed patterns of hypofunctional and hyperfunctional connectivities in severe patients, while only hyperconnectivity patterns were observed for moderate. The default mode, somatosensory, dorsal attention, subcortical, and cerebellar networks were implicated. Partial least squares correlations analysis confirmed specific association between memory, executive functions performances and brain functional connectivity. The severity of the infection in the acute phase is a predictor of neuropsychological performance 6-9 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes long-term memory and executive dysfunctions, related to large-scale functional brain connectivity alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Voruz
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Alexandre Cionca
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Isabele Jacot de Alcântara
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Anthony Nuber‐Champier
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Gilles Allali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Leenaards Memory CenterLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lamyae Benzakour
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Psychiatry DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Patrice H. Lalive
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Karl O. Lövblad
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Olivia Braillard
- Division and Department of Primary Care MedicineGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Mayssam Nehme
- Division and Department of Primary Care MedicineGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Matteo Coen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineGeneva University Hospitals and Geneva UniversityGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineGeneva University Hospitals and Geneva UniversityGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Luc Reny
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineGeneva University Hospitals and Geneva UniversityGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jérôme Pugin
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Intensive Care DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Division and Department of Primary Care MedicineGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Radek Ptak
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Neurorehabilitation DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Basile N. Landis
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Rhinology‐Olfactology Unit, Otorhinolaryngology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Dan Adler
- Division of Pulmonary DiseasesGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Frédéric Assal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Julie A. Péron
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology DepartmentGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
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Singh T, Rizzo JR, Bonnet C, Semrau JA, Herter TM. Enhanced cognitive interference during visuomotor tasks may cause eye-hand dyscoordination. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:547-558. [PMID: 36625969 PMCID: PMC10416313 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In complex visuomotor tasks, such as cooking, people make many saccades to continuously search for items before and during reaching movements. These tasks require cognitive resources, such as short-term memory and task-switching. Cognitive load may impact limb motor performance by increasing demands on mental processes, but mechanisms remain unclear. The Trail-Making Tests, in which participants sequentially search for and make reaching movements to 25 targets, consist of a simple numeric variant (Trails-A) and a cognitively challenging variant that requires alphanumeric switching (Trails-B). We have previously shown that stroke survivors and age-matched controls make many more saccades in Trails-B, and those increases in saccades are associated with decreases in speed and smoothness of reaching movements. However, it remains unclear how patients with neurological injuries, e.g., stroke, manage progressive increases in cognitive load during visuomotor tasks, such as the Trail-Making Tests. As Trails-B trial progresses, switching between numbers and letters leads to progressive increases in cognitive load. Here, we show that stroke survivors with damage to frontoparietal areas and age-matched controls made more saccades and had longer fixations as they progressed through the 25 alphanumeric targets in Trails-B. Furthermore, when stroke survivors made saccades during reaching movements in Trails-B, their movement speed slowed down significantly. Thus, damage to frontoparietal areas serving cognitive motor functions may cause interference between oculomotor, visual, and limb motor functions, which could lead to significant disruptions in activities of daily living. These findings augment our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin cognitive-motor interference during complex visuomotor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarkeshwar Singh
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 32 Rec Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - John-Ross Rizzo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cédrick Bonnet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Jennifer A Semrau
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE-19716, USA
| | - Troy M Herter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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9
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Dandan T, Jingjing S, Ruolin Z, Peng L, Xiaojing G, Qinglin Z, Jiang Q. Right inferior frontal gyrus gray matter density mediates the effect of tolerance of ambiguity on scientific problem finding. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Sleurs C, Zegers CML, Compter I, Dijkstra J, Anten MHME, Postma AA, Schijns OEMG, Hoeben A, Sitskoorn MM, De Baene W, De Roeck L, Sunaert S, Van Elmpt W, Lambrecht M, Eekers DBP. Neurocognition in adults with intracranial tumors: does location really matter? J Neurooncol 2022; 160:619-629. [PMID: 36346497 PMCID: PMC9758085 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As preservation of cognitive functioning increasingly becomes important in the light of ameliorated survival after intracranial tumor treatments, identification of eloquent brain areas would enable optimization of these treatments. METHODS This cohort study enrolled adult intracranial tumor patients who received neuropsychological assessments pre-irradiation, estimating processing speed, verbal fluency and memory. Anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scans were used for multivariate voxel-wise lesion-symptom predictions of the test scores (corrected for age, gender, educational level, histological subtype, surgery, and tumor volume). Potential effects of histological and molecular subtype and corresponding WHO grades on the risk of cognitive impairment were investigated using Chi square tests. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons (p < .001 and p < .05 for voxel- and cluster-level, resp.). RESULTS A cohort of 179 intracranial tumor patients was included [aged 19-85 years, median age (SD) = 58.46 (14.62), 50% females]. In this cohort, test-specific impairment was detected in 20-30% of patients. Higher WHO grade was associated with lower processing speed, cognitive flexibility and delayed memory in gliomas, while no acute surgery-effects were found. No grading, nor surgery effects were found in meningiomas. The voxel-wise analyses showed that tumor locations in left temporal areas and right temporo-parietal areas were related to verbal memory and processing speed, respectively. INTERPRETATION Patients with intracranial tumors affecting the left temporal areas and right temporo-parietal areas might specifically be vulnerable for lower verbal memory and processing speed. These specific patients at-risk might benefit from early-stage interventions. Furthermore, based on future validation studies, imaging-informed surgical and radiotherapy planning could further be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sleurs
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Catharina M L Zegers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Compter
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette Dijkstra
- Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique H M E Anten
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alida A Postma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf E M G Schijns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Hoeben
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, GROW-School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Margriet M Sitskoorn
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter De Baene
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Sunaert
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Elmpt
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniëlle B P Eekers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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Da Silva Coelho C, Joly-Burra E, Ihle A, Ballhausen N, Haas M, Hering A, Künzi M, Laera G, Mikneviciute G, Tinello D, Kliegel M, Zuber S. Higher levels of neuroticism in older adults predict lower executive functioning across time: the mediating role of perceived stress. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:633-649. [PMID: 36052201 PMCID: PMC9424398 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with individual differences across multiple cognitive functions. Yet, the literature on its specific association with executive functions (EF) in older adults is scarce, especially using longitudinal designs. To disentangle the specific influence of neuroticism on EF and on coarse cognitive functioning in old adulthood, respectively, we examined the relationship between neuroticism, the Trail Making Test (TMT) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a 6-year longitudinal study using Bayesian analyses. Data of 768 older adults (M age = 73.51 years at Wave 1) were included in a cross-lagged analysis. Results showed no cross-sectional link between neuroticism and TMT performance at Wave 1 and no longitudinal link between neuroticism at Wave 1 and MMSE at Wave 2. However, neuroticism at Wave 1 predicted TMT performance at Wave 2, indicating that the more neurotic participants were, the lower they performed on the TMT six years later. Additional analyses showed that this relation was fully mediated by participants' perceived stress. Our results suggest that the more neurotic older adults are the more stress they may perceive six years later, which in turn negatively relates to their EF. In sum, this study demonstrates that neuroticism may lead to lower EF in older age across six years. It further suggests older adults' perceived stress as mediator, thereby providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying this relation. Possible intervention approaches to counter these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Da Silva Coelho
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Joly-Burra
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Morgane Künzi
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianvito Laera
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Greta Mikneviciute
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doriana Tinello
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Zuber
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
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12
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Ferris J, Greeley B, Yeganeh NM, Rinat S, Ramirez J, Black S, Boyd L. Exploring biomarkers of processing speed and executive function: The role of the anterior thalamic radiations. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103174. [PMID: 36067614 PMCID: PMC9460835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Processing speed and executive function are often impaired after stroke and in typical aging. However, there are no reliable neurological markers of these cognitive impairments. The trail making test (TMT) is a common index of processing speed and executive function. Here, we tested candidate MRI markers of TMT performance in a cohort of older adults and individuals with chronic stroke. METHODS In 61 older adults and 32 individuals with chronic stroke, we indexed white matter structure with region-specific lesion load (of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and stroke lesions) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from four regions related to TMT performance: the anterior thalamic radiations (ATR), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), forceps minor, and cholinergic pathways. Regression modelling was used to identify the marker(s) that explained the most variance in TMT performance. RESULTS DTI metrics of the ATR related to processing speed in both the older adult (TMT A: β = -3.431, p < 0.001) and chronic stroke (TMT A: β = 11.282, p < 0.001) groups. In the chronic stroke group executive function was best predicted by a combination of ATR and forceps minor DTI metrics (TMT B: adjustedR2 = 0.438, p < 0.001); no significant predictors of executive function (TMT B) emerged in the older adult group. No imaging metrics related to set shifting (TMT B-A). Regional DTI metrics predicted TMT performance above and beyond whole-brain stroke and WMH volumes and removing whole-brain lesion volumes improved model fits. CONCLUSIONS In this comprehensive assessment of candidate imaging markers, we demonstrate an association between ATR microstructure and processing speed and executive function performance. Regional DTI metrics provided better predictors of cognitive performance than whole-brain lesion volumes or regional lesion load, emphasizing the importance of lesion location in understanding cognition. We propose ATR DTI metrics as novel candidate imaging biomarker of post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ferris
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian Greeley
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Negin Motamed Yeganeh
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shie Rinat
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Dr Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Toronto, Canada,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra Black
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Dr Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Toronto, Canada,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lara Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Corresponding author at: University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada.
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13
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Hausman HK, Hardcastle C, Albizu A, Kraft JN, Evangelista ND, Boutzoukas EM, Langer K, O'Shea A, Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Song H, Smith SG, Porges E, DeKosky ST, Hishaw GA, Wu S, Marsiske M, Cohen R, Alexander GE, Woods AJ. Cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal control network connectivity and executive functioning in older adults. GeroScience 2022; 44:847-866. [PMID: 34950997 PMCID: PMC9135913 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function is a cognitive domain that typically declines in non-pathological aging. Two cognitive control networks that are vulnerable to aging-the cingulo-opercular (CON) and fronto-parietal control (FPCN) networks-play a role in various aspects of executive functioning. However, it is unclear how communication within these networks at rest relates to executive function subcomponents in older adults. This study examines the associations between CON and FPCN connectivity and executive function performance in 274 older adults across working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting tasks. Average CON connectivity was associated with better working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting performance, while average FPCN connectivity was associated solely with working memory. CON region of interest analyses revealed significant connections with classical hub regions (i.e., anterior cingulate and anterior insula) for each task, language regions for verbal working memory, right hemisphere dominance for inhibitory control, and widespread network connections for set-shifting. FPCN region of interest analyses revealed largely right hemisphere fronto-parietal connections important for working memory and a few temporal lobe connections for set-shifting. These findings characterize differential brain-behavior relationships between cognitive control networks and executive function in aging. Future research should target these networks for intervention to potentially attenuate executive function decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Hausman
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cheshire Hardcastle
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alejandro Albizu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica N Kraft
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole D Evangelista
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emanuel M Boutzoukas
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kailey Langer
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily J Van Etten
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hyun Song
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samantha G Smith
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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14
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Foret JT, Oleson S, Hickson B, Valek S, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function in Midlife. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:897-907. [PMID: 33283221 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with cognitive decline. We investigated the relationship between MetS and cognition in middle-aged adults. We hypothesized that higher numbers of MetS components will relate to poorer performance on executive function (EF) tasks as frontal lobe regions critical to EF are particularly vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. METHODS 197 adults (ages 40-60) participated. MetS was evaluated using established criteria. Composite scores for cognitive domains were computed as follows: Global cognitive function (subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd Edition), EF (Stroop Color Word, Digit Span Backward, and Trails A and B), and memory (California Verbal Learning Test, 2 Edition). RESULTS Higher number of MetS components was related to weaker EF-F(4, 191) = 3.94, p = .004, MetS components ß = -.14, p = .044. A similar relationship was detected for tests of memory-F(4, 192) = 7.86, p < .001, MetS components ß = -.15, p = .032. Diagnosis of MetS was not significantly associated with EF domain score (ß = -.05, p = .506) but was significantly associated with memory scores-F(4, 189) = 8.81, p < .001, MetS diagnosis ß = -.19, p = .006. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support prior research linking MetS components at midlife to executive dysfunction and demonstrate that MetS, and its components are also associated with poorer memory function. This suggests that cognitive vulnerability can be detected at midlife. Interventions for MetS at midlife could alter cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle T Foret
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Oleson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brennan Hickson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Valek
- McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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15
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Agbangla NF, Maillot P, Vitiello D. Mini-Review of Studies Testing the Cardiorespiratory Hypothesis With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): Overview and Perspectives. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:699948. [PMID: 34456672 PMCID: PMC8387658 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.699948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiorespiratory hypothesis (CH) is one of the hypotheses used by researchers to explain the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance during executive functions. Despite the indubitable beneficial effect of training on brain blood flow and function that may explain the link between physical fitness and cognition and the recognition of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a reliable tool for measuring brain oxygenation, few studies investigated the CH with NIRS. It is still not well understood whether an increase in brain flow by training is translated into an increase in cerebral oxygenation. Thus, the objective of this mini-review was to summarize main results of studies that investigated the CH using the NIRS and to propose future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla
- Laboratory I3SP (URP 3625), Institute of Sport and Health Sciences of Paris - Université de Paris/UFR STAPS, Paris, France.,Laboratory URePSSS - SHERPAS (ULR 7369), Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille/UFR STAPS, Liévin, France
| | - Pauline Maillot
- Laboratory I3SP (URP 3625), Institute of Sport and Health Sciences of Paris - Université de Paris/UFR STAPS, Paris, France
| | - Damien Vitiello
- Laboratory I3SP (URP 3625), Institute of Sport and Health Sciences of Paris - Université de Paris/UFR STAPS, Paris, France
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16
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Moazzami K, Wittbrodt MT, Lima BB, Kim JH, Hammadah M, Ko YA, Obideen M, Abdelhadi N, Kaseer B, Gafeer MM, Nye JA, Shah AJ, Ward L, Raggi P, Waller EK, Bremner JD, Quyyumi AA, Vaccarino V. Circulating Progenitor Cells and Cognitive Impairment in Men and Women with Coronary Artery Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:659-668. [PMID: 32083582 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating progenitor cells (CPC) have been associated with memory function and cognitive impairment in healthy adults. However, it is unclear whether such associations also exist in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE To assess the association between CPCs and memory performance among individuals with CAD. METHODS We assessed cognitive function in 509 patients with CAD using the verbal and visual Memory subtests of the Wechsler memory scale-IV and the Trail Making Test parts A and B. CPCs were enumerated with flow cytometry as CD45med/CD34+ blood mononuclear cells, those co-expressing other epitopes representing populations enriched for hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, lower number of endothelial progenitor cell counts were independently associated with lower visual and verbal memory scores (p for all < 0.05). There was a significant interaction in the magnitude of this association with race (p < 0.01), such that the association of verbal memory scores with endothelial progenitor subsets was present in Black but not in non-Black participants. No associations were present with the hematopoietic progenitor-enriched cells or with the Trail Making Tests. CONCLUSION Lower numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with CAD, suggesting a protective effect of repair/regeneration processes in the maintenance of cognitive status. Impairment of verbal memory function was more strongly associated with lower CPC counts in Black compared to non-Black participants with CAD. Whether strategies designed to improve regenerative capacity will improve cognition needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moazzami
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wittbrodt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruno B Lima
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Muhammad Hammadah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Malik Obideen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Naser Abdelhadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Belal Kaseer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Mazen Gafeer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathon A Nye
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit J Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Laura Ward
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Kim H, Kang SH, Kim SH, Kim SH, Hwang J, Kim JG, Han K, Kim JB. Drinking coffee enhances neurocognitive function by reorganizing brain functional connectivity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14381. [PMID: 34257387 PMCID: PMC8277884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms underlying effects of coffee on cognition in the context of brain networks. Here we investigated functional connectivity before and after drinking coffee using graph-theoretic analysis of electroencephalography (EEG). Twenty-one healthy adults voluntarily participated in this study. The resting-state EEG data and results of neuropsychological tests were consecutively acquired before and 30 min after coffee consumption. Graph analyses were performed and compared before and after coffee consumption. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between changes in graph measures and those in cognitive function tests. Functional connectivity (FC) was reorganized toward more efficient network properties after coffee consumption. Performance in Digit Span tests and Trail Making Test Part B improved after coffee consumption, and the improved performance in executive function was correlated with changes in graph measures, reflecting a shift toward efficient network properties. The beneficial effects of coffee on cognitive function might be attributed to the reorganization of FC toward more efficient network properties. Based on our findings, the patterns of network reorganization could be used as quantitative markers to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of coffee on cognition, especially executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayom Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Computational Neurophysics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyum Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungreem Han
- Laboratory of Computational Neurophysics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Bin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Lin Z, Tam F, Churchill NW, Lin FH, MacIntosh BJ, Schweizer TA, Graham SJ. Trail Making Test Performance Using a Touch-Sensitive Tablet: Behavioral Kinematics and Electroencephalography. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:663463. [PMID: 34276323 PMCID: PMC8281242 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.663463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trail Making Test (TMT) is widely used to probe brain function and is performed with pen and paper, involving Parts A (linking numbers) and B (alternating between linking numbers and letters). The relationship between TMT performance and the underlying brain activity remains to be characterized in detail. Accordingly, sixteen healthy young adults performed the TMT using a touch-sensitive tablet to capture enhanced performance metrics, such as the speed of linking movements, during simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG). Linking and non-linking periods were derived as estimates of the time spent executing and preparing movements, respectively. The seconds per link (SPL) was also used to quantify TMT performance. A strong effect of TMT Part A and B was observed on the SPL value as expected (Part B showing increased SPL value); whereas the EEG results indicated robust effects of linking and non-linking periods in multiple frequency bands, and effects consistent with the underlying cognitive demands of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Lin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred Tam
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan W Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fa-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Devous MD, Fleisher AS, Pontecorvo MJ, Lu M, Siderowf A, Navitsky M, Kennedy I, Southekal S, Harris TS, Mintun MA. Relationships Between Cognition and Neuropathological Tau in Alzheimer's Disease Assessed by 18F Flortaucipir PET. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1091-1104. [PMID: 33682705 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau neurofibrillary tangle burden increases with Alzheimer's disease (AD) stage and correlates with degree of cognitive impairment. Tau PET imaging could facilitate understanding the relationship between tau pathology and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the relationship between 18F flortaucipir uptake patterns and cognition across multiple cognitive domains. METHODS We acquired flortaucipir PET scans in 84 amyloid-positive control, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD subjects. Flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) values were obtained from a neocortical volume of interest (VOI), a precuneus VOI, and VOIs defined by the correlation between flortaucipir SUVr images and domain-specific cognitive tests. Cognitive assessments included Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog), and a neuropsychological test battery (i.e., Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory (WMS-R), Trail Making Test, Boston Naming Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Animal List Generation, WMS-R Digit Span, American National Adult Reading Test, Clock Drawing Test, Judgment of Line Orientation, and WMS-R Logical Memory II (Delayed Recall)) and the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Correlation analyses compared regional and voxel-wise VOIs to cognitive scores. RESULTS Subjects included 5 controls, 47 MCI, and 32 AD subjects. Significant correlations were seen between both flortaucipir and florbetapir SUVrs and MMSE, ADAS-Cog, and FAQ. Cognitive impairment was associated with increased flortaucipir uptake in regionally specific patterns consistent with the neuroanatomy underlying specific cognitive tests. CONCLUSION Flortaucipir SUVr values demonstrated significant inverse correlations with cognitive scores in domain-specific patterns. Findings support the hypothesis that PET imaging of neuropathologic tau deposits may reflect underlying neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Lu
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ian Kennedy
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Mintun
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Nakasato A, Kobayashi T, Kubota M, Yamashita F, Nakaya T, Sasaki M, Kihara H, Kondo H. Increase in masseter muscle activity by newly fabricated complete dentures improved brain function. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 65:482-488. [PMID: 33762505 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To reveal effects of improvement of masseter muscle activity on brain function in elderly people wearing complete dentures. METHODS Subjects were 14 edentulous patients with a chief complaint of the inconvenience of their complete dentures. The surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscles was measured. Brain activities were analyzed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), employing chewing gum as the task program. Cognitive functions were evaluated with Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (R-OCFT). Those evaluations were performed in which subjects wore their old dentures (OD) or newly fabricated dentures (ND). RESULTS We compared ND condition with OD condition. The masseter muscle activity significantly increased in ND condition (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The brain activity increased significantly in the superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, putamen, inferior parietal lobule, cerebellum, inferior frontal lobe, and middle frontal gyrus under the ND condition than under the OD condition (p < 0.01, uncorrected, cluster size > 10 voxels). Results of TMT-A, RAVLT, and R-OCFT were also significantly improved (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test). CONCLUSIONS In the edentulous elderly, the brain activity was increased following the improvement of the masseter muscle activity. Consequently, it is possible that the improvement of the masseter muscle activity might influ ence on the attention, verbal skills, and visual memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Nakasato
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate
| | - Masafumi Kubota
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- Division of Ultra-High Field MRI, Iwate Medical University, Iwate
| | - Takaharu Nakaya
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Iwate Prefectural University, Iwate
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Division of Ultra-High Field MRI, Iwate Medical University, Iwate
| | - Hidemichi Kihara
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate
| | - Hisatomo Kondo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate
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21
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Málišová E, Dančík D, Heretik A, Abrahámová M, Krakovská S, Brandoburová P, Hajdúk M. Slovak version of the Trail Making Test: Normative data. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2021; 29:1-8. [PMID: 33761301 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1890596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a popular measure of cognitive functioning, especially processing speed and cognitive flexibility. This study aims to provide normative data for the Slovak adult population. The secondary aim is to test the convergent validity by examining relationships of direct and derived indices to other neuropsychological measures. A sample of 487 healthy adults undertook neuropsychological testing. The relationships of TMT scores to demographic variables and other neuropsychological measures were tested. Age was positively correlated with TMT-A (r = 0.444, p < .01), TMT-B (r = 0.426, p < .01), and the B-A index (r = 0.317, p < .01). Years of education were negatively correlated with TMT-B (r = -0.183, p < .01), B-A difference (r = -0.188, p < .01) and B/A ratio (r = -0.119, p < .01). There were no statistically significant differences in performance based on gender. The test scores were correlated with other measures of processing speed and executive functions. Presented normative data are stratified into 7 age categories. For more accurate interpretation, regression equations were calculated to take years of education into account. TMT-A and B performance, as well as B-A difference score, must be interpreted in relation to age, while education can provide additional information. The B/A ratio is independent from age but should be also corrected for educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Málišová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Dančík
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- The Centre for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Heretik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- The Centre for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Abrahámová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simona Krakovská
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- The Memory Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Michal Hajdúk
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- The Centre for Psychiatric Disorders Research, Science Park, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- The Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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22
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Blacha AK, Rahvar AH, Flitsch J, van de Loo I, Kropp P, Harbeck B. Impaired attention in patients with adrenal insufficiency - Impact of unphysiological therapy. Steroids 2021; 167:108788. [PMID: 33412217 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) are treated with glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy. Although current GC regimens aim to mimic the physiological circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, temporary phases of hypo- and hypercortisolism are common undesired effects. Both conditions may lead to impairment in cognitive functioning. At present, little is known about cognitive functioning in patients with AI, especially regarding the effects of dosage and duration of glucocorticoid replacement therapy. There is also little data available comparing the effects of GC therapy on patients with primary (PAI) and secondary (SAI) forms of AI. In this study 40 adults with AI (21 PAI, 19 SAI) substituted with hydrocortisone (HC) and 20 matched healthy controls underwent 10 different neuropsychological tests evaluating memory, executive functioning, attention, psychomotricity and general intellectual ability. Furthermore demographic data, dosage of HC, duration of therapy and co-medication were evaluated. Patients were compared in groups with regard to diagnosis, dosage and duration of therapy. Patients showed worse performance than controls in attention, though patients with PAI and SAI seemed to be equally impaired. There were no limitations in intellectual abilities or memory function. High dosage of HC was found to impair attention, visual-motoric skills and executive functioning while the duration of therapy showed no significant impact on cognitive functions. In conclusion, our study showed that AI patients on HC replacement therapy reveal significant cognitive deficits concerning attention. There was no difference between patients with PAI and SAI. Furthermore, high dosage seems to have a negative impact especially on executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir H Rahvar
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Flitsch
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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23
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Simfukwe C, Youn YC, Kim SY, An SS. Digital trail making test-black and white: Normal vs MCI. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 29:1296-1303. [PMID: 33529537 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1871615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trail Making Test-Black and White (TMT-B&W) was developed to assess the cognition of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Collection and analysis of test results have been limited due to scoring time and efforts required from both administrators and patients during and after taking the test. To increase efficiency and reducing scoring time, a computer version touchscreen-based digital trail making test-black and white (dTMT-B&W) was developed on Android and it was administered on MCI versus cognitively normal controls (NC) participants. The current study examines the sensitivity of newly developed computer version dTMT-B&W on NC and MCI subjects. METHOD dTMT-B&W was developed using MIT app inventor software, a web-based integrated development environment (IDE) with the Android development tools that are used to build fully functional applications for smartphones and tablets. A total of 44 participants were included, comprised of 22 NC and 22 MCI. The dTMT-TMT-B&W was administered to all NC and MCI subjects. RESULT dTMT-B&W was designed to be as consistent with the pen-paper TMT-B&W (ppTMT-B&W) where the application is a standalone installation. dTMT-B&W is divided into two parts (Part-A and Part-B), in which the subject attempts to connect black and white numbered circles sequentially as quickly as possible, while still maintaining accuracy. Similarly, the paper-based TMT-B&W requires the subject to connect black and white numbered circles in ascending order, except on a sheet of paper rather than a tablet. dTMT-B&W successfully distinguished NC from MCI subjects. CONCLUSION dTMT-B&W is an Android application that was successfully developed to be as consistent as possible with the original pen-paper TMT-B&W to establish equal concurrent validity, with some improved features embedded into the design and dTMT-B&W revealed a significant correlation with frontal executive function and this can help in early diagnosing subjects with MCI among NC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Simfukwe
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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24
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Oberste M, Sharma S, Bloch W, Zimmer P. Acute Exercise-Induced Set Shifting Benefits in Healthy Adults and Its Moderators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:528352. [PMID: 33584460 PMCID: PMC7879782 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.528352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Positive effects of acute exercise on cognitive performances in general inspired research that investigated the effects of acute exercise on specific cognitive subdomains. Many existing studies examined beneficial effects of acute exercise on subsequent set shifting performance in healthy adults. Set shifting, a subdomain of executive function, is the ability to switch between different cognitive sets. The results of existing studies are inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted that pooled available effect sizes. Additionally, moderator analyses were carried out to identify covariates that determine the magnitude of exercise-induced set shifting benefits. Methods: Medline, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched for eligible studies. Hedges' g corrected standardized mean difference values were used for analyses. Random-effects weights were applied to pool effects. Potential moderation of the effect of acute exercise on subsequent set shifting performance by exercise intensity, type of exercise, participants' age, and type of control group were examined. Results: Twenty-two studies (N = 1,900) were included into analysis. All aggregated effect sizes ranged from small to moderate. Overall, a small significant beneficial effect was revealed (g = −0.32, 95 % CI −0.45 to −0.18). Heterogeneity of included effect sizes was moderate and significant (T2 = 0.0715, I2 = 46.4%, (p < 0.0016). Moderator analyses revealed a larger average effect in older adults than for studies examining younger adults (−0.42 vs. −0.29). Light exercise (−0.51) led to larger effects than moderate (−0.24) or vigorous exercise (−0.29). Studies testing acute exercise against active control groups showed a noticeably smaller average effect (−0.13) than studies that used passive (−0.38) or cognitive engaging control groups (−0.34). Interestingly, application of resistance or aerobic exercise led to no different average effect sizes (−0.30 vs. −0.32). However, none of the tested covariates reached statistical significance. Conclusion: Acute exercise improves subsequent set shifting performance. However, effect sizes are small, making the relevance for everyday life questionable. The results indicate that older adults benefit more from acute exercise than younger adults do. Light intensity exercise seems most effective while the type of exercise does not seem to influence the magnitude of effects. Research designs with active control groups show the smallest average effect, raising concerns about placebo effects. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019138799
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Oberste
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophia Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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25
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Lin Z, Tam F, Churchill NW, Schweizer TA, Graham SJ. Tablet Technology for Writing and Drawing during Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020401. [PMID: 33430023 PMCID: PMC7826671 DOI: 10.3390/s21020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful modality to study brain activity. To approximate naturalistic writing and drawing behaviours inside the scanner, many fMRI-compatible tablet technologies have been developed. The digitizing feature of the tablets also allows examination of behavioural kinematics with greater detail than using paper. With enhanced ecological validity, tablet devices have advanced the fields of neuropsychological tests, neurosurgery, and neurolinguistics. Specifically, tablet devices have been used to adopt many traditional paper-based writing and drawing neuropsychological tests for fMRI. In functional neurosurgery, tablet technologies have enabled intra-operative brain mapping during awake craniotomy in brain tumour patients, as well as quantitative tremor assessment for treatment outcome monitoring. Tablet devices also play an important role in identifying the neural correlates of writing in the healthy and diseased brain. The fMRI-compatible tablets provide an excellent platform to support naturalistic motor responses and examine detailed behavioural kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Lin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Fred Tam
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | - Nathan W. Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (N.W.C.); (T.A.S.)
| | - Tom A. Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (N.W.C.); (T.A.S.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Simon J. Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada;
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Foret JT, Dekhtyar M, Birdsill AC, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Metabolic syndrome components moderate the association between executive function and functional connectivity in the default mode network. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 15:2139-2148. [PMID: 33179757 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Middle aged individuals with Metabolic Syndrome are at high risk for cognitive decline. Dyssynchrony in the resting state Default Mode Network is one early indicator of brain vulnerability. We set out to explore the relationship between default mode resting state functional connectivity and cognitive performance in both memory and executive domains at midlife in the presence of Metabolic Syndrome components. Seed-based Correlation Analyses were performed between the seed voxel in the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex on 200 participants (ages 40-61). Executive domain scores were significantly predicted by the interaction between number of Metabolic Syndrome components and resting state connectivity in the Default Mode Network (p = .004) such that connectivity was negatively related to executive function at higher numbers of Metabolic Syndrome components. Results were not significant for memory. Our findings indicate that clusters of cardiovascular disease risk factors alter functional relationships in the brain and highlights the need to continue exploring how compensatory techniques might operate to support cognitive performance at midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle T Foret
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Maria Dekhtyar
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alex C Birdsill
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Theta-gamma coupling and ordering information: a stable brain-behavior relationship across cognitive tasks and clinical conditions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2038-2047. [PMID: 32682324 PMCID: PMC7547084 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ordering of information is a critical component that underlies several cognitive functions. Prefrontal theta-gamma coupling (TGC) is a neurophysiologic measure associated with ordering of information during the performance of a working memory task (N-back). Little is known about the relationship between TGC and ordering during other cognitive tasks or whether the relationship between TGC and ordering of information is independent of clinical condition. This study aimed to determine whether the relationship between TGC and ordering of information exists independent of a task and its timing, and whether this relationship is the same in different clinical conditions. A total of 311 participants were assessed using a neuropsychological battery that included the N-back during which TGC was measured; two other tasks that also require ordering; and three tests that do not require ordering. All non-N-back tasks were completed several days separate from the N-back by a mean interval (SD) of 5.14 (8.03). Our three hypotheses were that TGC during the N-back task would be associated with performance on N-Back and other cognitive tasks that also require ordering, but not with performance on cognitive tasks that do not require ordering; and that these relationships will be independent of clinical diagnosis. Multivariate linear regression results show that TGC was associated with performance on the ordering tasks but not the non-ordering tasks. In addition, there was no interaction between TGC and diagnosis. Our study is the first to demonstrate that TGC is a neurophysiologic measure of ordering information across several cognitive tasks that require ordering, and this TGC-ordering relationship is stable over time even when several days separate the measurement of TGC and the performance of the ordering tasks. Our results also show that this relationship is independent of clinical diagnosis, supporting the brain-behavior nature of this relationship. These results highlight the importance of TGC in ordering-based cognition, and suggest that TGC could be a valid target for interventions that aim to enhance this function across cognitive tasks and clinical conditions.
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Sadaghiani S, Dombert PL, Løvstad M, Funderud I, Meling TR, Endestad T, Knight RT, Solbakk AK, D'Esposito M. Lesions to the Fronto-Parietal Network Impact Alpha-Band Phase Synchrony and Cognitive Control. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4143-4153. [PMID: 30535068 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-range phase synchrony in the α-oscillation band (near 10 Hz) has been proposed to facilitate information integration across anatomically segregated regions. Which areas may top-down regulate such cross-regional integration is largely unknown. We previously found that the moment-to-moment strength of high-α band (10-12 Hz) phase synchrony co-varies with activity in a fronto-parietal (FP) network. This network is critical for adaptive cognitive control functions such as cognitive flexibility required during set-shifting. Using electroencephalography (EEG) in 23 patients with focal frontal lobe lesions (resected tumors), we tested the hypothesis that the FP network is necessary for modulation of high-α band phase synchrony. Global phase-synchrony was measured using an adaptation of the phase-locking value (PLV) in a sliding window procedure, which allowed for measurement of changes in EEG-based resting-state functional connectivity across time. As hypothesized, the temporal modulation (range and standard deviation) of high-α phase synchrony was reduced as a function of FP network lesion extent, mostly due to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) lesions. Furthermore, patients with dlPFC lesions exhibited reduced cognitive flexibility as measured by the Trail-Making Test (set-shifting). Our findings provide evidence that the FP network is necessary for modulatory control of high-α band long-range phase synchrony, and linked to cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sadaghiani
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801 Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at 61801 Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pascasie L Dombert
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA.,Psychology and Neuroscience Programme, Maastricht Universirty, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, 1453 Nesodden, Norway
| | - Ingrid Funderud
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torstein R Meling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Endestad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8657 Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Robert T Knight
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Kristin Solbakk
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0373 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8657 Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA
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Espenes J, Hessen E, Eliassen IV, Waterloo K, Eckerström M, Sando SB, Timón S, Wallin A, Fladby T, Kirsebom BE. Demographically adjusted trail making test norms in a Scandinavian sample from 41 to 84 years. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 34:110-126. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1829068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Espenes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Hessen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Vøllo Eliassen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marie Eckerström
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Botne Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Santiago Timón
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Talwar N, Churchill NW, Hird MA, Tam F, Graham SJ, Schweizer TA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the trail-making test in older adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232469. [PMID: 32396540 PMCID: PMC7217471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The trail-making test (TMT) is a popular neuropsychological test, which is used extensively to measure cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative disorders in older adults. Behavioural performance on the TMT has been investigated in older populations, but there is limited research on task-related brain activity in older adults. The current study administered a naturalistic version of the TMT to a healthy older-aged population in an MRI environment using a novel, MRI-compatible tablet. Functional MRI was conducted during task completion, allowing characterization of the brain activity associated with the TMT. Performance on the TMT was evaluated using number of errors and seconds per completion of each link. Results are reported for 36 cognitively healthy older adults between the ages of 52 and 85. Task-related activation was observed in extensive regions of the bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes as well as key motor areas. Increased age was associated with reduced brain activity and worse task performance. Specifically, older age was correlated with decreased task-related activity in the bilateral occipital, temporal and parietal lobes. These results suggest that healthy older aging significantly affects brain function during the TMT, which consequently may result in performance decrements. The current study reveals the brain activation patterns underlying TMT performance in a healthy older aging population, which functions as an important, clinically-relevant control to compare to pathological aging in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Talwar
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathan W. Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Megan A. Hird
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fred Tam
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simon J. Graham
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom A. Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Divers R, Ham L, Matchanova A, Hackett K, Mis R, Howard K, Rycroft SS, Roll E, Giovannetti T. When and how did you go wrong? Characterizing mild functional difficulties in older adults during an everyday task. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:308-326. [PMID: 32352347 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1756210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mild functional difficulties associated with cognitive aging may be reliably measured by coding "micro-errors" during everyday tasks, like meal preparation. Micro-errors made by 25 older adult and 48 younger adults were coded on four dimensions to evaluate the influence of: 1) poor error monitoring; 2) goal decay; 3) competition for response selection when switching to a new subtask; and 4) interference from distractor objects. Micro-errors made by young adults under a dual task load also were analyzed to determine the influence of overall performance level. Older adults' micro-errors were observed when switching to a new subtask and to unrelated distractors. Slowed error monitoring and goal decay also influenced micro-errors in older adults, but not significantly more so than younger adults under the dual task. Interventions to reduce interference from distractors and to increase attention at critical choice points during tasks may optimize everyday functioning and preclude decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Divers
- Department of Psychology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lillian Ham
- Department of Psychology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel Mis
- Department of Psychology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kia Howard
- Department of Psychology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Emily Roll
- Department of Psychology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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van der Veen SM, Hammerbeck U, Hollands KL. How accuracy of foot-placement is affected by the size of the base of support and crutch support in stroke survivors and healthy adults. Gait Posture 2020; 76:224-230. [PMID: 31874454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of falls due to trips and slips following stroke may signify difficulty controlling balance and adjusting foot-placement in response to the environment. We know very little about how controlling foot-placement is affected by balance requirements and the effects of stroke. Therefore, in this study the research question is how foot-placement control is affected by balance support from crutches and reducing or enlarging the base of support. By understanding how foot-placement control and balance deficits following stroke interact, rehabilitation efforts can be more effectively targeted towards the cause of poor mobility. METHODS Young (N=13, 30±6 years) and older (N=10, 64±8 years) healthy adults and stroke survivors (N=11, 67±9 years) walked to targets on an instrumented treadmill with or without crutch support for balance. Targets were randomized to either reduce or increase the base of support in the antero-posterior (AP) or medio-lateral (ML) direction. Mean and absolute foot-placement error were measured using motion analysis. These outcomes were compared using repeated measures ANCOVA with walking speed as a covariate. RESULTS Overall, stroke survivors missed more targets (9.1±2.3%, p=0.001) than young (1.0±2.5%) and older (0.2±2.1%) healthy adults (p=0.001). However, there were no significant differences between groups in foot-placement error. Crutch support reduced both AP and ML foot-placement error (p=<0.001, AP 5.2±0.5cm unsupported, 4.1±0.4cm supported, ML 2.3±0.2cm unsupported, 1.9±0.2cm supported) for all participants. Interaction effects indicate crutch support reduced foot-placement error more when narrowing (unsupported 2.8±0.2cm, supported 1.8±0.2cm) than widening (unsupported 2.6±0.4cm, supported 2.4±0.4cm) steps (p<0.001), SIGNIFICANCE: Stroke survivors have greater difficulty accurately adjusting steps in response to the environment. Crutch support reduces foot-placement error for all steps, but particularly when narrowing foot-placement. These results provide support for the implication of walking aids, which support balance to improve ability to adjust footplacement in response to the environment.
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Joshi H, Bharath S, Balachandar R, Sadanand S, Vishwakarma HV, Aiyappan S, Saini J, Kumar KJ, John JP, Varghese M. Differentiation of Early Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitively Healthy Elderly Samples Using Multimodal Neuroimaging Indices. Brain Connect 2019; 9:730-741. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Neurobiology Research Center (NRC), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Srikala Bharath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Neurobiology Research Center (NRC), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Sadanand
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harshita V. Vishwakarma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Subramoniam Aiyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Neurobiology Research Center (NRC), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Keshav J. Kumar
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - John P. John
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Neurobiology Research Center (NRC), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Digma LA, Madsen JR, Reas ET, Dale AM, Brewer JB, Banks SJ. Tau and atrophy: domain-specific relationships with cognition. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:65. [PMID: 31351484 PMCID: PMC6661099 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by primary memory impairment, which then progresses towards severe deficits across cognitive domains. Here, we report how performance in cognitive domains relates to patterns of tau deposition and cortical thickness. METHODS We analyzed data from 131 amyloid-β positive participants (55 cognitively normal, 46 mild cognitive impairment, 30 AD) of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), flortaucipir (FTP) positron emission tomography, and neuropsychological testing. Surface-based vertex-wise and region-of-interest analyses were conducted between FTP and cognitive test scores, and between cortical thickness and cognitive test scores. RESULTS FTP and thickness were differentially related to cognitive performance in several domains. FTP-cognition associations were more widespread than thickness-cognition associations. Further, FTP-cognition patterns reflected cortical systems that underlie different aspects of cognition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that AD-related decline in domain-specific cognitive performance reflects underlying progression of tau and atrophy into associated brain circuits. They also suggest that tau-PET may have better sensitivity to this decline than MRI-derived measures of cortical thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardino A. Digma
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - John R. Madsen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Emilie T. Reas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Genetics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - James B. Brewer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Genetics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Korthauer LE, Salmon DP, Festa EK, Galasko D, Heindel WC. Alzheimer's disease and the processing of uncertainty during choice task performance: Executive dysfunction within the Hick-Hyman law. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2019; 41:380-389. [PMID: 30632903 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1564813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Hick-Hyman law states that choice response time (RT) increases linearly with increasing information uncertainty. Neuroimaging studies suggest that the representation of uncertainty in support of response generation is mediated by the cognitive control network (CCN), which is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, we predicted that patients with AD would be sensitive to increased uncertainty particularly under conditions that place demands on the internal representation of uncertainty, and that choice RT performance under these conditions would be associated with performance on tests of executive function. Cognitively normal older adults (CN) and patients with AD completed card-sorting tasks that separately manipulated either externally cued uncertainty (i.e., number of sorting piles with a fixed probability of each stimulus type) or more internally driven uncertainty (i.e., the probability of each stimulus type with a fixed number of sorting piles). Consistent with our predictions, AD patients were impaired relative to CN particularly on the internally driven uncertainty task, and RT in this task was associated with performance on neuropsychological measures of executive functioning but not episodic memory. We suggest that this pattern of findings is consistent with presumed disruptions to the CCN in AD and provides neuropsychological evidence in support of the role of the CCN in the representation of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Korthauer
- a Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Rhode Island Hospital , Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,b Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - David P Salmon
- c Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurosciences , University of California, San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Elena K Festa
- b Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- c Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurosciences , University of California, San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - William C Heindel
- b Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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Regression-based normative data and equivalent scores for Trail Making Test (TMT): an updated Italian normative study. Neurol Sci 2018; 40:469-477. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shaked D, Katzel LI, Seliger SL, Gullapalli RP, Davatzikos C, Erus G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume as a mediator between socioeconomic status and executive function. Neuropsychology 2018; 32:985-995. [PMID: 30211609 PMCID: PMC6234054 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is related to poorer cognitive performance, but the neural underpinnings of this relation are not fully understood. This study examined whether SES-linked decrements in executive function were mediated by smaller dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) volumes. Given the literature demonstrating that SES-brain relations differ by race, we examined whether race moderated these mediations. METHOD Participants were 190 socioeconomically diverse, self-identified African American (AA) and White adults from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study. Regional brain volumes were derived using T1-weighted MP-RAGE images. Adjusting for age and sex, moderated mediation analyses examined if the DLPFC mediated SES-executive function relations differently across racial groups. Executive function was measured using Trail Making Test part B (Trails B), Digit Span Backwards (DSB), and verbal fluency. RESULTS Moderated mediation demonstrated that DLPFC volume significantly mediated the association between SES and Trails B in Whites (lower confidence interval [CI] = 0.01; upper CI = 0.07), but not in AAs (lower CI = -0.05; upper CI = 0.01). No mediations were found for DSB or verbal fluency, although SES was related to all tests. CONCLUSION The DLPFC may be important in the association of SES and mental flexibility for White, but not AA adults. It is possible that the well-replicated advantages of high SES among Whites do not readily translate, on average, to AAs. These findings highlight the importance of brain volume for cognitive functioning, while adding to the literature on sociodemographic health disparities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Carson RG. Get a grip: individual variations in grip strength are a marker of brain health. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:189-222. [PMID: 30172220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrations that grip strength has predictive power in relation to a range of health conditions-even when these are assessed decades later-has motivated claims that hand-grip dynamometry has the potential to serve as a "vital sign" for middle-aged and older adults. Central to this belief has been the assumption that grip strength is a simple measure of physical performance that provides a marker of muscle status in general, and sarcopenia in particular. It is now evident that while differences in grip strength between individuals are influenced by musculoskeletal factors, "lifespan" changes in grip strength within individuals are exquisitely sensitive to integrity of neural systems that mediate the control of coordinated movement. The close and pervasive relationships between age-related declines in maximum grip strength and expressions of cognitive dysfunction can therefore be understood in terms of the convergent functional and structural mediation of cognitive and motor processes by the human brain. In the context of aging, maximum grip strength is a discriminating measure of neurological function and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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Zaytseva Y, Fajnerová I, Dvořáček B, Bourama E, Stamou I, Šulcová K, Motýl J, Horáček J, Rodriguez M, Španiel F. Theoretical Modeling of Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia by Means of Errors and Corresponding Brain Networks. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1027. [PMID: 30026711 PMCID: PMC6042473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The current evidence of cognitive disturbances and brain alterations in schizophrenia does not provide the plausible explanation of the underlying mechanisms. Neuropsychological studies outlined the cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia, that embodied the substantial disturbances in perceptual and motor processes, spatial functions, verbal and non-verbal memory, processing speed and executive functioning. Standardized scoring in the majority of the neurocognitive tests renders the index scores or the achievement indicating the severity of the cognitive impairment rather than the actual performance by means of errors. At the same time, the quantitative evaluation may lead to the situation when two patients with the same index score of the particular cognitive test, demonstrate qualitatively different performances. This may support the view why test paradigms that habitually incorporate different cognitive variables associate weakly, reflecting an ambiguity in the interpretation of noted cognitive constructs. With minor exceptions, cognitive functions are not attributed to the localized activity but eventuate from the coordinated activity in the generally dispersed brain networks. Functional neuroimaging has progressively explored the connectivity in the brain networks in the absence of the specific task and during the task processing. The spatio-temporal fluctuations of the activity of the brain areas detected in the resting state and being highly reproducible in numerous studies, resemble the activation and communication patterns during the task performance. Relatedly, the activation in the specific brain regions oftentimes is attributed to a number of cognitive processes. Given the complex organization of the cognitive functions, it becomes crucial to designate the roles of the brain networks in relation to the specific cognitive functions. One possible approach is to identify the commonalities of the deficits across the number of cognitive tests or, common errors in the various tests and identify their common "denominators" in the brain networks. The qualitative characterization of cognitive performance might be beneficial in addressing diffuse cognitive alterations presumably caused by the dysconnectivity of the distributed brain networks. Therefore, in the review, we use this approach in the description of standardized tests in the scope of potential errors in patients with schizophrenia with a subsequent reference to the brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Zaytseva
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Eva Bourama
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ilektra Stamou
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Šulcová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Motýl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Filip Španiel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Ciarochi JA, Liu J, Calhoun V, Johnson H, Misiura M, Bockholt HJ, Espinoza FA, Caprihan A, Plis S, Turner JA, Paulsen JS. High and Low Levels of an NTRK2-Driven Genetic Profile Affect Motor- and Cognition-Associated Frontal Gray Matter in Prodromal Huntington's Disease. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E116. [PMID: 29932126 PMCID: PMC6071032 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8070116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed how BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and other genes involved in its signaling influence brain structure and clinical functioning in pre-diagnosis Huntington's disease (HD). Parallel independent component analysis (pICA), a multivariate method for identifying correlated patterns in multimodal datasets, was applied to gray matter concentration (GMC) and genomic data from a sizeable PREDICT-HD prodromal cohort (N = 715). pICA identified a genetic component highlighting NTRK2, which encodes BDNF's TrkB receptor, that correlated with a GMC component including supplementary motor, precentral/premotor cortex, and other frontal areas (p < 0.001); this association appeared to be driven by participants with high or low levels of the genetic profile. The frontal GMC profile correlated with cognitive and motor variables (Trail Making Test A (p = 0.03); Stroop Color (p = 0.017); Stroop Interference (p = 0.04); Symbol Digit Modalities Test (p = 0.031); Total Motor Score (p = 0.01)). A top-weighted NTRK2 variant (rs2277193) was protectively associated with Trail Making Test B (p = 0.007); greater minor allele numbers were linked to a better performance. These results support the idea of a protective role of NTRK2 in prodromal HD, particularly in individuals with certain genotypes, and suggest that this gene may influence the preservation of frontal gray matter that is important for clinical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Vince Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Hans Johnson
- Iowa Mental Health Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Maria Misiura
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Sergey Plis
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
| | - Jane S Paulsen
- Iowa Mental Health Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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St-Hilaire A, Parent C, Potvin O, Bherer L, Gagnon JF, Joubert S, Belleville S, Wilson MA, Koski L, Rouleau I, Hudon C, Macoir J. Trail Making Tests A and B: regression-based normative data for Quebec French-speaking mid and older aged adults. Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 32:77-90. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1470675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre St-Hilaire
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Camille Parent
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Potvin
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Department de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre d’Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sven Joubert
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maximiliano A. Wilson
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lisa Koski
- Département de neurologie, Université McGill, Montréal, Canada
- Neurorehabilitation Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Carol Hudon
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Joël Macoir
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Neural signatures of Trail Making Test performance: Evidence from lesion-mapping and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia 2018; 115:78-87. [PMID: 29596856 PMCID: PMC6018614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Trail Making Test (TMT) is an extensively used neuropsychological instrument for the assessment of set-switching ability across a wide range of neurological conditions. However, the exact nature of the cognitive processes and associated brain regions contributing to the performance on the TMT remains unclear. In this review, we first introduce the TMT by discussing its administration and scoring approaches. We then examine converging evidence and divergent findings concerning the brain regions related to TMT performance, as identified by lesion-symptom mapping studies conducted in brain-injured patients and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies conducted in healthy participants. After addressing factors that may account for the heterogeneity in the brain regions reported by these studies, we identify future research endeavours that may permit disentangling the different processes contributing to TMT performance and relating them to specific brain circuits.
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Han K, Chapman SB, Krawczyk DC. Neuroplasticity of cognitive control networks following cognitive training for chronic traumatic brain injury. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:262-278. [PMID: 29876247 PMCID: PMC5987796 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control is the ability to coordinate thoughts and actions to achieve goals. Cognitive control impairments are one of the most persistent and devastating sequalae of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). There have been efforts to improve cognitive control in individuals with post-acute TBI. Several studies have reported changes in neuropsychological measures suggesting the efficacy of cognitive training in improving cognitive control. Yet, the neural substrates of improved cognitive control after training remains poorly understood. In the current study, we identified neural plasticity induced by cognitive control training for TBI using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Fifty-six individuals with chronic mild TBI (9 years post-injury on average) were randomized into either a strategy-based cognitive training group (N = 26) or a knowledge-based training group (active control condition; N = 30) for 8 weeks. We acquired a total of 109 resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 45 individuals before training, immediately post-training, and 3 months post-training. Relative to the controls, the strategy-based cognitive training group showed monotonic increases in connectivity in two cognitive control networks (i.e., cingulo-opercular and fronto-parietal networks) across time points in multiple brain regions (pvoxel < 0.001, pcluster < 0.05). Analyses of brain-behavior relationships revealed that fronto-parietal network connectivity over three time points within the strategy-based cognitive training group was positively associated with the trail making scores (pvoxel < 0.001, pcluster < 0.05). These findings suggest that training-induced neuroplasticity continues through chronic phases of TBI and that rsFC can serve as a neuroimaging biomarker of evaluating the efficacy of cognitive training for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Han
- Center for BrainHealth®, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Sandra B Chapman
- Center for BrainHealth®, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel C Krawczyk
- Center for BrainHealth®, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Varjačić A, Mantini D, Levenstein J, Slavkova ED, Demeyere N, Gillebert CR. The role of left insula in executive set-switching: Lesion evidence from an acute stroke cohort. Cortex 2017; 107:92-101. [PMID: 29248158 PMCID: PMC6181803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in executive functions are common in stroke survivors, both in the acute and in the chronic phase. However, little is known about the underlying lesion neuroanatomy of these deficits. This study aimed to elucidate the pattern of brain damage underlying executive dysfunction in a large and acute stroke cohort. Executive set-switching deficits were evaluated by a shape-based analogue of the Trail Making Test (from the Oxford Cognitive Screen) in a consecutive sample of 144 stroke patients (age: 70 ± 15 years, examination: 5 ± 4 days post-stroke; brain imaging: 1.7 ± 2.9 days post-stroke). A voxelwise lesion-symptom mapping analysis was performed by combining executive set-switching accuracy scores with manually delineated lesions on computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. The analysis showed that lesions within the left insular cortex and adjacent white matter predicted poorer executive set-switching. Further analyses confirmed that the lesion effect in the left insula survived correction for the low-level visuospatial and motor component processes of executive set-switching. In conclusion, the study provides lesion-based evidence for the role of the left insular cortex in flexible switching of attention. The findings are consistent with emergent models of insular function postulating the role of this region in regulatory aspects of goal-directed behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Varjačić
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Dante Mantini
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Brain and Cognition, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jacob Levenstein
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Elitsa D Slavkova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Nele Demeyere
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Céline R Gillebert
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Brain and Cognition, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Martin DM, McClintock SM, Forster JJ, Lo TY, Loo CK. Cognitive enhancing effects of rTMS administered to the prefrontal cortex in patients with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual task effects. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:1029-1039. [PMID: 28543994 DOI: 10.1002/da.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an approved therapeutic treatment of major depressive disorder and has increasing clinical use throughout the world. However, it remains unclear whether an rTMS course for depression may also produce cognitive enhancement. In a recent meta-analysis of sham-controlled randomized controlled studies (RCTs) conducted in patients with neuropsychiatric conditions, no evidence was found for generalized cognitive enhancing effects across cognitive domains with active compared to sham rTMS. Notwithstanding, there remains the possibility of cognitive effects following an rTMS course that are more highly specific, for example, in specific clinical conditions, or at the individual task level. This study aimed to determine whether a therapeutic rTMS course in patients with depression is associated with cognitive enhancing effects at the task level. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes on individual neuropsychological tasks from sham-controlled RCTs where an rTMS course was administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with depression. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Active rTMS treatment showed no specific enhancing effects on the majority of cognitive tasks. Modest effect size improvements with active compared to sham rTMS treatment were found for performance on the Trail Making Test Parts A (g = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.06-0.50) and B (g = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.06-0.47). CONCLUSION A therapeutic rTMS course administered to the prefrontal cortex for depression may produce modest cognitive enhancing effects specific to psychomotor speed, visual scanning, and set-shifting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donel M Martin
- School of Psychiatry, Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shawn M McClintock
- Neurocognitive Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jane J Forster
- School of Psychiatry, Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tin Yan Lo
- School of Psychiatry, Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colleen K Loo
- School of Psychiatry, Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Karimpoor M, Churchill NW, Tam F, Fischer CE, Schweizer TA, Graham SJ. Tablet-Based Functional MRI of the Trail Making Test: Effect of Tablet Interaction Mode. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:496. [PMID: 29114212 PMCID: PMC5660710 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trail Making Test (TMT) is widely used for assessing executive function, frontal lobe abilities, and visual motor skills. Part A of this pen-and-paper test (TMT-A) involves linking numbers randomly distributed in space, in ascending order. Part B (TMT-B) alternates between linking numbers and letters. TMT-B is more demanding than TMT-A, but the mental processing that supports the performance of this test remains incompletely understood. Functional MRI (fMRI) may help to clarify the relationship between TMT performance and brain activity, but providing an environment that supports real-world pen-and-paper interactions during fMRI is challenging. Previously, an fMRI-compatible tablet system was developed for writing and drawing with two modes of interaction: the original cursor-based, proprioceptive approach, and a new mode involving augmented reality to provide visual feedback of hand position (VFHP) for enhanced user interaction. This study characterizes the use of the tablet during fMRI of young healthy adults (n = 22), with half of the subjects performing TMT with VFHP and the other half performing TMT without VFHP. Activation maps for both TMT-A and TMT-B performance showed considerable overlap between the two tablet modes, and no statistically differences in brain activity were detected when contrasting TMT-B vs. TMT-A for the two tablet modes. Behavioral results also showed no statistically different interaction effects for TMT-B vs. TMT-A for the two tablet modes. Tablet-based TMT scores showed reasonable convergent validity with those obtained by administering the standard pen-and-paper TMT to the same subjects. Overall, the results suggest that despite the slightly different mechanisms involved for the two modes of tablet interaction, both are suitable for use in fMRI studies involving TMT performance. This study provides information for using tablet-based TMT methods appropriately in future fMRI studies involving patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Karimpoor
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan W Churchill
- Neurosurgery Department, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred Tam
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatry Department, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Neurosurgery Department, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Prefrontal lobe structural integrity and trail making test, part B: converging findings from surface-based cortical thickness and voxel-based lesion symptom analyses. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:675-85. [PMID: 26399235 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface-based cortical thickness (CT) analyses are increasingly being used to investigate variations in brain morphology across the spectrum of brain health, from neurotypical to neuropathological. An outstanding question is whether individual differences in cortical morphology, such as regionally increased or decreased CT, are associated with domain-specific performance deficits in healthy adults. Since CT studies are correlational, they cannot establish causality between brain morphology and cognitive performance. A direct comparison with classic lesion methods is needed to determine whether the regional specificity of CT-cognition correlations is similar to that observed in patients with brain lesions. We address this question by comparing the neuroanatomical overlap of effects when 1) whole brain vertex-wise CT is tested as a correlate of performance variability on a commonly used neuropsychological test of executive function, Trailmaking Test Part B (TMT-B), in healthy adults and 2) voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VBLSM) is used to map lesion location to performance decrements on the same task in patients with frontal lobe lesions. We found that reduced performance on the TMT-B was associated with increased CT in bilateral prefrontal regions in healthy adults and that results spatially overlapped in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex with findings from the VBLSM analysis in patients with frontal brain lesions. Findings indicate that variations in the structural integrity of the left dorsomedial prefrontal lobe, ranging from individual CT differences in healthy adults to structural lesions in patients with neurological disorders, are associated with poor performance on the TMT-B. These converging results suggest that the left dorsomedial prefrontal region houses a critical region for the complex processing demands of TMT-B, which include visuomotor tracking, sequencing, and cognitive flexibility.
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48
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MacPherson SE, Cox SR, Dickie DA, Karama S, Starr JM, Evans AC, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Processing speed and the relationship between Trail Making Test-B performance, cortical thinning and white matter microstructure in older adults. Cortex 2017; 95:92-103. [PMID: 28865241 PMCID: PMC5637162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Part B of the Trail Making Test (TMT-B) is widely used as a quick and easy to administer measure of executive dysfunction. The current study investigated the relationships between TMT-B performance, brain volumes, cortical thickness and white matter water diffusion characteristics in a large sample of older participants, before and after controlling for processing speed. Four hundred and eleven healthy, community-dwelling older adults who were all born in 1936 were assessed on TMT-B, 5 tests of processing speed, and provided contemporaneous structural and diffusion MRI data. Significant relationships were found between slower TMT-B completion times and thinner cortex in the frontal, temporal and inferior parietal regions as well as the Sylvian fissure/insula. Slower TMT-B completion time was also significantly associated with poorer white matter microstructure of the left anterior thalamic radiation, and the right uncinate fasciculus. The majority of these associations were markedly attenuated when additionally controlling for processing speed. These data suggest that individual differences in processing speed contribute to the associations between TMT-B completion time and the grey and white matter structure of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E MacPherson
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Dickie
- Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sherif Karama
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan C Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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49
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Sudo FK, Amado P, Alves GS, Laks J, Engelhardt E. A continuum of executive function deficits in early subcortical vascular cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dement Neuropsychol 2017; 11:371-380. [PMID: 29354217 PMCID: PMC5769995 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment (SVCI) is a clinical continuum of vascular-related cognitive impairment, including Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment (VaMCI) and Vascular Dementia. Deficits in Executive Function (EF) are hallmarks of the disorder, but the best methods to assess this function have yet to be determined. The insidious and almost predictable course of SVCI and the multidimensional concept of EF suggest that a temporal dissociation of impairments in EF domains exists early in the disorder. OBJECTIVE This study aims to review and analyze data from the literature about performance of VaMCI patients on the most used EF tests through a meta-analytic approach. METHODS Medline, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO were searched, using the terms: "vascular mild cognitive impairment" OR "vascular cognitive impairment no dementia" OR "vascular mild neurocognitive disorder" AND "dysexecutive" OR "executive function". Meta-analyses were conducted for each of the selected tests, using random-effect models. RESULTS Systematic review showed major discrepancies among the results of the studies included. Meta-analyses evidenced poorer performance on the Trail-Making Test part B and the Stroop color test by VaMCI patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION A continuum of EF impairments has been proposed in SVCI. Early deficits appear to occur in cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Kenji Sudo
- Departamento de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto D'Or de Ensino e Pesquisa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Amado
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CE, Brazil
- Goethe Universitat Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Jerson Laks
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biomedicina Translacional (BIOTRANS), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliasz Engelhardt
- Setor de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, INDC/CDA/ IPUB, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Pelclova D, Urban P, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Ridzon P, Kupka K, Meckova Z, Bezdicek O, Navratil T, Rosmus J, Zakharov S. Neurological and Neurophysiological Findings in Workers with Chronic 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐
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‐Dioxin Intoxication 50 Years After Exposure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:271-277. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Urban
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
- National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ridzon
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kupka
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Meckova
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bezdicek
- Department of Neurology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Navratil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i. Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rosmus
- State Veterinary Institute Prague Chemistry Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Zakharov
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
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