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Chuliver M, Scanferla A. Paedomorphosis and retention of juvenile diet lead speciation in a group of Neotropical snakes (Colubroides-Philodryadini). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10071. [PMID: 38698134 PMCID: PMC11066030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dipsadidae is one of the largest clades of extant reptiles, showing an impressive morphological and ecological diversity. Despite this fact, the developmental processes behind its diversity are still largely unknown. In this study, we used 3D reconstructions based on micro-CT data and geometric morphometrics to evaluate the skull morphology of Philodryas agassizii, a small, surface-dwelling dipsadid that consume spiders. Adult individuals of P. agassizii exhibit a cranial morphology frequently observed in juveniles of other surface-dwelling colubroideans, represented in our analysis by its close relative Philodryas patagoniensis. Large orbits, gibbous neurocranial roof and a relatively short jaw complex are features present in juveniles of the latter species. Furthermore, we performed an extensive survey about diet of P. patagoniensis in which we detected an ontogenetic dietary shift, indicating that arthropods are more frequently consumed by juveniles of this dietary generalist. Thus, we infer that P. agassizzii retained not only the ancestral juvenile skull morphology but also dietary preferences. This study reveals that morphological changes driven by heterochronic changes, specifically paedomorphosis, influenced the retention of ancestral life history traits in P. agassizii, and therefore promoted cladogenesis. In this way, we obtained first evidence that heterochronic processes lead speciation in the snake megadiverse clade Dipsadidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chuliver
- Fundación de Historia Natural "Félix de Azara", Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agustín Scanferla
- Fundación de Historia Natural "Félix de Azara", Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Myers EA, Rautsaw RM, Borja M, Jones J, Grünwald CI, Holding ML, Grazziotin F, Parkinson CL. Phylogenomic discordance is driven by wide-spread introgression and incomplete lineage sorting during rapid species diversification within rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus and Sistrurus). Syst Biol 2024:syae018. [PMID: 38695290 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Phylogenomics allows us to uncover the historical signal of evolutionary processes through time and estimate phylogenetic networks accounting for these signals. Insight from genome-wide data further allows us to pinpoint the contributions to phylogenetic signal from hybridization, introgression, and ancestral polymorphism across the genome. Here we focus on how these processes have contributed to phylogenetic discordance among rattlesnakes (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus), a group for which there are numerous conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses based on a diverse array of molecular datasets and analytical methods. We address the instability of the rattlesnake phylogeny using genomic data generated from transcriptomes sampled from nearly all known species. These genomic data, analyzed with coalescent and network-based approaches, reveal numerous instances of rapid speciation where individual gene trees conflict with the species tree. Moreover, the evolutionary history of rattlesnakes is dominated by incomplete speciation and frequent hybridization, both of which have likely influenced past interpretations of phylogeny. We present a new framework in which the evolutionary relationships of this group can only be understood in light of genome-wide data and network-based analytical methods. Our data suggest that network radiations, like seen within the rattlesnakes, can only be understood in a phylogenomic context, necessitating similar approaches in our attempts to understand evolutionary history in other rapidly radiating species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Rhett M Rautsaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Miguel Borja
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universdad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad s/n. Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio, Durango., Mex
| | - Jason Jones
- Herp.mx A.C. C.P. 28989, Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - Christoph I Grünwald
- Herp.mx A.C. C.P. 28989, Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
- Biodiversa A.C., Avenida de la Ribera #203, C.P. 45900, Chapala, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Matthew L Holding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Felipe Grazziotin
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
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3
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Oliveira LD, Grazziotin FG, Sánchez-Martínez PM, Sasa M, Flores-Villela O, Prudente ALDC, Zaher H. Phylogenetic and morphological evidence reveals the association between diet and the evolution of the venom delivery system in Neotropical goo-eating snakes. SYST BIODIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2153944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo De Oliveira
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, São Paulo, 04263-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mahmood Sasa
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Museo de Zoología, Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Oscar Flores-Villela
- Museo de Zoologia ‘Alfonso L. Herrera’, Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, São Paulo, 04263-000, Brazil
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4
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Tioyama EC, Bayona-Serrano JD, Portes-Junior JA, Nachtigall PG, de Souza VC, Beraldo-Neto E, Grazziotin FG, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Moura-da-Silva AM, Freitas-de-Sousa LA. The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: 'Omic' Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:415. [PMID: 37505684 PMCID: PMC10467154 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakes of the Philodryadini tribe are included in the Dipsadidae family, which is a diverse group of rear-fanged snakes widespread in different ecological conditions, including habitats and diet. However, little is known about the composition and effects of their venoms despite their relevance for understanding the evolution of these snakes or even their impact on the occasional cases of human envenoming. In this study, we integrated venom gland transcriptomics, venom proteomics and functional assays to characterize the venoms from eight species of the Philodryadini tribe, which includes the genus Philodryas, Chlorosoma and Xenoxybelis. The most abundant components identified in the venoms were snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), C-type lectins (CTLs), snake endogenous matrix metalloproteinases type 9 (seMMP-9) and snake venom serinoproteinases (SVSPs). These protein families showed a variable expression profile in each genus. SVMPs were the most abundant components in Philodryas, while seMMP-9 and CRISPs were the most expressed in Chlorosoma and Xenoxybelis, respectively. Lineage-specific differences in venom composition were also observed among Philodryas species, whereas P. olfersii presented the highest amount of SVSPs and P. agassizii was the only species to express significant amounts of 3FTx. The variability observed in venom composition was confirmed by the venom functional assays. Philodryas species presented the highest SVMP activity, whereas Chlorosoma species showed higher levels of gelatin activity, which may correlate to the seMMP-9 enzymes. The variability observed in the composition of these venoms may be related to the tribe phylogeny and influenced by their diets. In the presented study, we expanded the set of venomics studies of the Philodryadini tribe, which paves new roads for further studies on the evolution and ecology of Dipsadidae snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly Campos Tioyama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Escola Superior do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-210, Brazil; (E.C.T.); (J.D.B.-S.)
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
| | - Juan David Bayona-Serrano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Escola Superior do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-210, Brazil; (E.C.T.); (J.D.B.-S.)
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - José A. Portes-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
| | - Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Vinicius Carius de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Emidio Beraldo-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
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5
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Das S, Greenbaum E, Meiri S, Bauer AM, Burbrink FT, Raxworthy CJ, Weinell JL, Brown RM, Brecko J, Pauwels OSG, Rabibisoa N, Raselimanana AP, Merilä J. Ultraconserved elements-based phylogenomic systematics of the snake superfamily Elapoidea, with the description of a new Afro-Asian family. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 180:107700. [PMID: 36603697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The highly diverse snake superfamily Elapoidea is considered to be a classic example of ancient, rapid radiation. Such radiations are challenging to fully resolve phylogenetically, with the highly diverse Elapoidea a case in point. Previous attempts at inferring a phylogeny of elapoids produced highly incongruent estimates of their evolutionary relationships, often with very low statistical support. We sought to resolve this situation by sequencing over 4,500 ultraconserved element loci from multiple representatives of every elapoid family/subfamily level taxon and inferring their phylogenetic relationships with multiple methods. Concatenation and multispecies coalescent based species trees yielded largely congruent and well-supported topologies. Hypotheses of a hard polytomy were not retained for any deep branches. Our phylogenies recovered Cyclocoridae and Elapidae as diverging early within Elapoidea. The Afro-Malagasy radiation of elapoid snakes, classified as multiple subfamilies of an inclusive Lamprophiidae by some earlier authors, was found to be monophyletic in all analyses. The genus Micrelaps was consistently recovered as sister to Lamprophiidae. We establish a new family, Micrelapidae fam. nov., for Micrelaps and assign Brachyophis to this family based on cranial osteological synapomorphy. We estimate that Elapoidea originated in the early Eocene and rapidly diversified into all the major lineages during this epoch. Ecological opportunities presented by the post-Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event may have promoted the explosive radiation of elapoid snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandan Das
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Frank T Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
| | - Christopher J Raxworthy
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Weinell
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Rafe M Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jonathan Brecko
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Olivier S G Pauwels
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nirhy Rabibisoa
- Sciences de la Vie et de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'Environnement, Université de Mahajanga, Campus Universitaire d'Ambondrona, BP 652, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar
| | - Achille P Raselimanana
- Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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6
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Ray JM, Sánchez-Martínez P, Batista A, Mulcahy DG, Sheehy III CM, Smith EN, Pyron RA, Arteaga A. A new species of Dipsas (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from central Panama. Zookeys 2023; 1145:131-167. [DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1145.96616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of Dipsas Laurenti, 1768, from Central Panama is described based on molecular analyses, hemipenial morphology, and external characters. This is the sixth species of Dipsas to be described for the country; the snake has been suspected to exist since 1977 and has not been thoroughly studied until now. Additionally, morphological comparations including scale counts are done with other species within the genus, and the current geographic distribution of Dipsas temporalis (Werner, 1909), the sister species, is updated. Finally, a key to the species of Dipsas currently known from Middle America is presented.
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7
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Arteaga A, Batista A. A consolidated phylogeny of snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Zookeys 2023; 1143:1-49. [PMID: 37234281 PMCID: PMC10208808 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical snail-eating snakes (tribe Dipsadini Bonaparte, 1838) is presented that includes 60 of the 133 species currently recognized. There is morphological and phylogenetic support for four new species of Sibon Fitzinger, 1826 and one of Dipsas Laurenti, 1768, which are described here based on their unique combination of molecular, meristic, and color pattern characteristics. PlesiodipsasHarvey et al., 2008 is designated as a junior synonym of Dipsas and additional evidence is presented to support the transfer of the genus Geophis Wagler, 1830 to the tribe Dipsadini. Two of the subspecies of S.nebulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) are elevated to full species status. Insight into additional undescribed cryptic diversity within the S.nebulatus species complex is provided. Evidence that supports the existence of an undescribed species previously confused with D.temporalis is provided, as well as the first country record of S.ayerbeorum Vera-Pérez, 2019 in Ecuador with a comment on the ontogenetic variation of the latter. Finally, photographs of Colombian, Ecuadorian, and Panamanian snail-eating snakes are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Arteaga
- Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, EcuadorBiodiversity Field LabQuitoEcuador
- Tropical Herping S.A., Quito, EcuadorTropical Herping S.A.QuitoEcuador
| | - Abel Batista
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí (UNACHI), Vicerrectoría de investigación y Postgrado, David, Chiriquí, PanamaUniversidad Autónoma de ChiriquíDavidPanama
- Museo Herpetológico de Chiriquí (MHCH), David, Chiriquí, PanamaMuseo Herpetológico de ChiriquíDavidPanama
- Fundación Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Chiriquí, PanamaFundación Los NaturalistasBoquetePanama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, PanamaSistema Nacional de InvestigaciónSENACYTPanama
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Yadollahvandmiandoab R, Koroiva R, Bashirichelkasari N, Mesquita DO. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of the poorly known genus Spalerosophis (Serpentes: Colubridae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Graboski R, Arredondo JC, Grazziotin FG, Guerra-Fuentes RA, Da Silva AAA, Prudente ALC, Pinto RR, Rodrigues MT, Bonatto SL, Zaher H. Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Morphological stasis is generally associated with relative constancy in ecological pressures throughout time, producing strong stabilizing selection that retains similar shared morphology. Although climate and vegetation are commonly the main key factors driving diversity and phenotypic diversification in terrestrial vertebrates, fossorial organisms have their morphology mostly defined by their fossorial lifestyle. Among these secretive fossorial organisms, blind snakes of the South American genus Amerotyphlops are considered poorly studied when compared to other taxa. Here, we evaluate the cryptic diversity of Amerotyphlops using phylogenetic and multivariate approaches. We based our phylogenetic analysis on a molecular dataset composed of 12 gene fragments (eight nuclear and four mitochondrial) for 109 species of Typhlopidae. The multivariate analysis was implemented using 36 morphological variables for 377 specimens of Amerotyphlops. Additionally, we contrast our phylogenetic result with the morphological variation found in cranial, external and hemipenial traits. Our phylogenetic results recovered with strong support the following monophyletic groups within Amerotyphlops: (1) a clade formed by A. tasymicris and A. minuisquamus; (2) a clade composed of A. reticulatus; (3) a north-eastern Brazilian clade including A. yonenagae, A. arenensis, A. paucisquamus and A. amoipira; and (4) a clade composed of A. brongersmianus and a complex of cryptic species. Based on these results we describe four new species of Amerotyphlops from north-eastern and south-eastern Brazil, which can be distinguished from the morphologically similar species, A. brongersmianus and A. arenensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Graboski
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Nazaré, Caixa Postal 42494, CEP 04218-070, São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho , Avenida 24 A, Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , Avenida Perimetral, Terra Firme, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará , Brazil
| | - Juan C Arredondo
- Colecciones Biológicas de la Universidad CES (CBUCES), Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología, Universidad CES , Calle 10A, Medellín , Colombia
| | - Felipe G Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan , Avenida Vital Brasil, Butantã, São Paulo - SP, 05503-900 , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Arturo Guerra-Fuentes
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , Avenida Perimetral, Terra Firme, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará , Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Campus Universitário do Tocantins-Cametá, Universidade Federal do Pará, Travessa Padre Antônio Franco , 2617, Bairro da Matinha, CEP 68400-000 Cametá, Pará , Brazil
| | - Ariane A A Da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Coleções e Acervos Científicos , Avenida André de Araújo, CEP 69060-000, Manaus, Amazonas , Brazil
| | - Ana L C Prudente
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , Avenida Perimetral, Terra Firme, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará , Brazil
| | - Roberta R Pinto
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Anfíbios e Répteis, Museu de Arqueologia e Ciências Naturais da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Miguel T Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia , Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP , Brazil
| | - Sandro L Bonatto
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga, CEP 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Nazaré, Caixa Postal 42494, CEP 04218-070, São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil
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10
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Abegg AD, Santos AP, Costa HC, Battilana J, Graboski R, Vianna FSL, Azevedo WS, Fagundes NJR, Castille CM, Prado PC, Bonatto SL, Zaher H, Grazziotin FG. Increasing taxon sampling suggests a complete taxonomic rearrangement in Echinantherini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.969263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the recent advances on the relationship of its major groups, the systematics of the rich fauna of Neotropical snakes is far from being a consensus. In this sense, derived groups presenting continental distributions have represented a main challenge. The taxonomy of the snake tribe Echinantherini is one of the most contentious among the diverse family known as Dipsadidae. The tribe is poorly sampled in phylogenetic studies, resulting in conflicting hypotheses of relationships among its taxa. Moreover, several rare and micro endemic species of Echinantherini have never been evaluated within a comprehensive phylogenetic framework. Here, we assess for the first time the phylogenetic position of the rare Echinanthera amoena within Echinantherini. We based our analyses on a comprehensive multilocus dataset including 14 of the 16 species described for the tribe. Our results support the monophyly of Echinantherini and strongly indicate E. amoena as a unique lineage, phylogenetically positioned apart from all other congeners. From the three current genera (Echinanthera, Taeniophallus, and Sordellina) our results indicate that Echinanthera and Taeniophallus are paraphyletic, since the T. affinis species group is positioned as sister to Echinanthera (except E. amoena) clustering apart from the clade formed by the T. brevirostris and T. occipitalis groups. We describe new genera for the T. affinis and T. occipitalis species groups and an additional monospecific genus for E. amoena. Although we did not evaluate the phylogenetic position of T. nebularis, we described a new genus and removed it from Echinantherini since its morphology strikingly departs from all species now included in the tribe. Finally, we redefine the genera Echinanthera and Taeniophallus and we provide comments about further directions to study the biogeography and the evolution of morphological traits in Echinantherini.
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11
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Trevine VC, Grazziotin FG, Giraudo A, Sallesbery‐Pinchera N, Vianna JA, Zaher H. The systematics of Tachymenini (Serpentes, Dipsadidae): An updated classification based on molecular and morphological evidence. ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C. Trevine
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação de Zoologia, Insituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Giraudo
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET – UNL) Ciudad Universitaria Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC – UNL) Ciudad Universitaria Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Nicole Sallesbery‐Pinchera
- Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad Ecología y Recursos Naturales Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Juliana A. Vianna
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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12
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Cabral H, Cacciali P, Santana DJ. Evolution of the rostral scale and mimicry in the genus Xenodon Boie, 1826 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Snakes are a stimulating life form from an evolutionary perspective. Despite the basic morphological body shape (limbless, with a tubular body), these vertebrates are extremely diverse. The Neotropical region is one of the most diverse regions for snakes in the world, with >650 known species. Within this great diversity, the genus Xenodon includes 12 species with interesting adaptations to terrestrial and semi-fossorial habitats. Members of this genus are mostly diurnal and terrestrial, feed mainly on anurans and exhibit Batesian mimicry of venomous snakes of the genera Bothrops or Micrurus. Here, through phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state estimation, we explore the evolution of the rostral scale and mimicry within the genus Xenodon. Our results suggest that the ancestral lineage of Xenodon had a rounded rostral scale and exhibited Bothrops mimicry. The evolution of the rostral scale in Xenodon might be related to abiotic factors, as an adaptation for open and forested habitats, and mimicry is likely to be related to biotic factors, as a defensive strategy resembling those of venomous snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista , São José do Rio Preto, SP , Brazil
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay , Del Escudo 1607, Asunción , Paraguay
- Asociación Guyra Paraguay , Avenida Coronel Carlos Bóveda, Parque Asunción Verde, Viñas Cué , Paraguay
| | - Pier Cacciali
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay , Del Escudo 1607, Asunción , Paraguay
- Asociación Guyra Paraguay , Avenida Coronel Carlos Bóveda, Parque Asunción Verde, Viñas Cué , Paraguay
| | - Diego José Santana
- Mapinguari Lab, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , 79002-970, Campo Grande, MS , Brazil
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13
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Loebens L, Theis TF, Almeida-Santos SM, Cechin SZ. Reproductive Biology, Sperm storage, and Sexual Maturity of Thamnodynastes strigatus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211087. [PMID: 35703696 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history strategies determine and influence many aspects of species fitness. In this study, we describe the reproductive biology - reproductive cycle, sperm storage, and sexual maturity - of Thamnodynastes strigatus in South Brazil. We analyzed 49 individuals (25 males and 24 females) from herpetological collections. The reproductive cycle of males and females was described considering the morpho-anatomical and histological changes in the testes, ductus deferens, and kidney, as well in the ovary and oviduct. The age at the onset of sexual maturity was determined by skeletochronology of the caudal vertebra. The reproductive cycle is seasonal semi-synchronous and most individuals have a reproductive peak in spring and summer. The seasonal biennial reproductive cycle and viviparity are two phylogenetically conserved characters in Tachymenini snakes. Thamnodynastes Strigatus females store sperm in the utero-vaginal junction furrows during autumn. There were no differences between the ages of sexual maturity of males (4-11y) and females (4-12y). Females reach sexual maturity at larger body sizes, and this may confer an adaptive advantage due to a higher fecundity potential. Herein, we confirmed the previously described seasonal biennial reproductive cycle of T. strigatus through histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Loebens
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Theis
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Selma M Almeida-Santos
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Z Cechin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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14
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Costa JCL, Graboski R, Grazziotin FG, Zaher H, Rodrigues MT, Prudente ALDC. Reassessing the systematics of
Leptodeira
(Serpentes, Dipsadidae) with emphasis in the South American species. ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João C. L. Costa
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Coordenação de Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Roberta Graboski
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Coordenação de Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Felipe G. Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan São Paulo City São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo City São Paulo Brazil
| | - Miguel T. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo City São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia da C. Prudente
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Coordenação de Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Pará Brazil
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15
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Georgalis GL, Szyndlar Z. First occurrence of Psammophis (Serpentes) from Europe witnesses another Messinian herpetofaunal dispersal from Africa - biogeographic implications and a discussion of the vertebral morphology of psammophiid snakes. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3263-3282. [PMID: 35139258 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We here describe abundant new snake material from the late Miocene (MN 13) of Salobreña, Spain. Vertebral morphology suggests a referral of the specimens to the extant psammophiid Psammophis, documenting the first occurrence of this genus in Europe. The diversity and disparity across the vertebral morphology of different psammophiid genera is discussed. We identify vertebral features that could diagnose Psammophis and therefore enable the recognition of the genus in the fossil record. A comparison of the new Spanish form with other taxa is conducted. We provide a detailed review of the psammophiid fossil record. Material previously described from the middle Miocene of Beni Mellal, Morocco is here tentatively referred to as? Psammophis sp., an action that renders that occurrence as the oldest (probable) record of the genus and Psammophiidae as a whole, providing thus a potential calibration point. On the other hand, Eastern European Pliocene material that had been previously supposedly referred to Psammophis is here discarded as being rather fragmentary, not affording any more precise determination. The two psammophiid genera Psammophis and Malpolon appear almost simultaneously in the European fossil record (MN 13), with the former achieving only a short-lived and apparently geographically limited distribution in the continent, while the latter still exists in its modern herpetofauna. We assess biogeographic implications of the new find, suggesting a direct dispersal event from northwestern Africa to the Iberian Peninsula during the late Miocene, facilitated by the Messinian Salinity Crisis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios L Georgalis
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szyndlar
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Moraes-da-Silva A, Walterman S, Citeli N, Nunes PM, Curcio FF. A new oviparous species of Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes, Xenodontinae) from Brazilian Amazonia with reflections on the evolution of viviparity among hydropsine watersnakes. ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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PASSOS PAULO, MELO-SAMPAIO PAULOR, RAMOS LUCIANAO, GRAZZIOTIN FELIPEG, FOUQUET ANTOINE, TORRES-CARVAJAL OMAR. When the tail shakes the snake: phylogenetic affinities and morphology of Atractus badius (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), reveals some current pitfalls on the snake’s genomic age. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20191254. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220191254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - ANTOINE FOUQUET
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, France; Centre de Recherche de Montabo, French Guiana
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18
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Deepak V, Cooper N, Poyarkov NA, Kraus F, Burin G, Das A, Narayanan S, Streicher JW, Smith SJ, Gower DJ. Multilocus phylogeny, natural history traits and classification of natricine snakes (Serpentes: Natricinae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natricine snakes are geographically widespread, species rich (with ~250 extant species) and both morphologically and ecologically diverse. We present a multilocus DNA sequence phylogeny for 249 natricine specimens representing 189 named species, including 69 specimens and 21 species not previously sampled. Our inferred Bayesian and maximum likelihood trees form the basis for evaluations of genus-level classification, historical biogeography, lineage diversification, and dietary, habit and reproductive-mode diversity and evolution, although several, mostly deeper, relationships remain poorly resolved. The optimal trees support natricine origins in Asia, with dispersals to Australo-Melanesia, sub-Saharan Africa (including Seychelles Archipelago, excluding Aldabra), Europe and North Africa and into North and Central America. Viviparity appears to have evolved independently three times in Natricinae but was not significantly associated with an aquatic habit. We found limited associations between habit and diet categories. We propose generic reallocations for four natricine species and highlight other points of uncertainty in natricine classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Senckenberg Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalie Cooper
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Nikolay A Poyarkov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Joint Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fred Kraus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gustavo Burin
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Abhijit Das
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, India
| | - Surya Narayanan
- Suri Sehgal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Srirampura, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sarah-Jane Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - David J Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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19
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Systematics of the rare Amazonian genus Eutrachelophis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with an emended diagnosis for Eutrachelophis papilio. ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Bites by Xenodon merremii (Wagler, 1824) and Xenodon neuwiedii (Günther, 1863) (Dipsadidae: Xenodontini) in São Paulo, Brazil: a retrospective observational study of 163 cases. Toxicon 2021; 198:24-31. [PMID: 33932473 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the biological relevance and abundance of non-front-fanged colubroid snakes, little is known about their medical significance. Here, we describe the clinical, epidemiological, and biological aspects of bites by two colubroid species. We retrospectively analyzed cases of Xenodon merremii and Xenodon neuwiedii bites in which the offending snake was clearly identified. Analyses included variables related to the snake and the patient, including demographic data, clinical findings, and treatments. Of the 163 cases, 123 were bites by X. merremii and 40 by X. neuwiedii. Most bites occurred in spring and summer, predominantly during the daytime. Most offending snakes were female. Bites by X. merremii juveniles were more frequent in autumn than in other seasons, whereas those by X. neuwiedii adults were in the summer. Hands and feet were the most frequently affected regions, with no significant difference between upper and lower limbs bitten by either X. merremii or X. neuwiedii. The main clinical findings were pain, transitory bleeding, erythema, and local edema. Local edema was proportionally more frequent with X. neuwiedii bites than with X. merremii bites. No patient had extensive edema or systemic envenomation. A significant association between the snout-vent-length and transitory bleeding in bites by X. merremii, but not in those by X. neuwiedii, was identified. Whole blood clotting tests were normal in all tested patients (62 cases). Sixteen patients were incorrectly treated with anti-Bothrops antivenom. In conclusion, most accidents caused by X. merremii and X. neuwiedii present mild local symptomatology. These snakes can be mistaken for lance-headed vipers, and some bites present symptoms that resemble mild bites by Bothrops sp. Physicians should be aware of X. merremii and X. neuwiedii bites to avoid unnecessary patient distress and overprescription of antivenom.
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21
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Entiauspe-Neto OM, Koch C, Harvey MB, Colli GR, Guedes TB. Redescription of Apostolepis ambiniger (Peters, 1869) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini). VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e65097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apostolepisis a diverse genus of dipsadid snakes, currently comprising 34 species occurring in most cis-Andean South America. The taxonomy of the group is highly unstable. Upon discovering its type series, we redescribe the rare speciesA. ambiniger(Peters, 1869) and provide an account of its geographic distribution and morphological variation in pholidosis, osteology, and hemipenial characters. We also discuss some aspects of the taxonomy ofApostolepis.
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22
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Entiauspe-Neto OM, Tiutenko A, Dos Santos Azevedo W, Abegg AD. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence: on the taxonomic identity of Phalotris cerradensis Silveira, 2020. REV SUISSE ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.35929/rsz.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália, Km 8, Vila Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur Tiutenko
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Weverton Dos Santos Azevedo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Travessa 14, Rua do Matão, 321, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Diesel Abegg
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Travessa 14, Rua do Matão, 321, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Carrillo-Briceño JD, Sánchez R, Scheyer TM, Carrillo JD, Delfino M, Georgalis GL, Kerber L, Ruiz-Ramoni D, Birindelli JLO, Cadena EA, Rincón AF, Chavez-Hoffmeister M, Carlini AA, Carvalho MR, Trejos-Tamayo R, Vallejo F, Jaramillo C, Jones DS, Sánchez-Villagra MR. A Pliocene-Pleistocene continental biota from Venezuela. SWISS JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY 2021; 140:9. [PMID: 34721281 PMCID: PMC8550326 DOI: 10.1186/s13358-020-00216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Pliocene-Pleistocene transition in the Neotropics is poorly understood despite the major climatic changes that occurred at the onset of the Quaternary. The San Gregorio Formation, the younger unit of the Urumaco Sequence, preserves a fauna that documents this critical transition. We report stingrays, freshwater bony fishes, amphibians, crocodiles, lizards, snakes, aquatic and terrestrial turtles, and mammals. A total of 49 taxa are reported from the Vergel Member (late Pliocene) and nine taxa from the Cocuiza Member (Early Pleistocene), with 28 and 18 taxa reported for the first time in the Urumaco sequence and Venezuela, respectively. Our findings include the first fossil record of the freshwater fishes Megaleporinus, Schizodon, Amblydoras, Scorpiodoras, and the pipesnake Anilius scytale, all from Pliocene strata. The late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene ages proposed here for the Vergel and Cocuiza members, respectively, are supported by their stratigraphic position, palynology, nannoplankton, and 86Sr/88Sr dating. Mammals from the Vergel Member are associated with the first major pulse of the Great American Biotic Interchange. In contrast to the dry conditions prevailing today, the San Gregorio Formation documents mixed open grassland/forest areas surrounding permanent freshwater systems, following the isolation of the northern South American basin from western Amazonia. These findings support the hypothesis that range contraction of many taxa to their current distribution in northern South America occurred rapidly during at least the last 1.5 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D. Carrillo-Briceño
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Karl-Schmid-Straße 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rodolfo Sánchez
- Museo Paleontológico de Urumaco, Calle Bolívar s/n, Urumaco, Estado Falcón Venezuela
| | - Torsten M. Scheyer
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Karl-Schmid-Straße 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan D. Carrillo
- CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 8 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Massimo Delfino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA/ICP, c/Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
| | - Georgios L. Georgalis
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Karl-Schmid-Straße 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Kerber
- Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia (CAPPA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), São João do Polêsine, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Damián Ruiz-Ramoni
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, CONICET, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, 5301 Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - José L. O. Birindelli
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edwin-Alberto Cadena
- Grupo de Investigación Paleontología Neotropical Tradicional y Molecular (PaleoNeo), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancón Panama
| | - Aldo F. Rincón
- Departamento de Física y Geociencias, Universidad del Norte, Km. 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martin Chavez-Hoffmeister
- Laboratorio de Paleontología, Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alfredo A. Carlini
- Lab. Morfología Evolutiva Desarrollo (MORPHOS), and División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica R. Carvalho
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancón Panama
| | - Raúl Trejos-Tamayo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Estratigrafía (IIES), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Colombia
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Felipe Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Estratigrafía (IIES), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Colombia
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancón Panama
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- ISEM, U. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Douglas S. Jones
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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24
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Heads M, Grehan JR. The Galápagos Islands: biogeographic patterns and geology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1160-1185. [PMID: 33749122 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the traditional biogeographic model, the Galápagos Islands appeared a few million years ago in a sea where no other islands existed and were colonized from areas outside the region. However, recent work has shown that the Galápagos hotspot is 139 million years old (Early Cretaceous), and so groups are likely to have survived at the hotspot by dispersal of populations onto new islands from older ones. This process of metapopulation dynamics means that species can persist indefinitely in an oceanic region, as long as new islands are being produced. Metapopulations can also undergo vicariance into two metapopulations, for example at active island arcs that are rifted by transform faults. We reviewed the geographic relationships of Galápagos groups and found 10 biogeographic patterns that are shared by at least two groups. Each of the patterns coincides spatially with a major tectonic structure; these structures include: the East Pacific Rise; west Pacific and American subduction zones; large igneous plateaus in the Pacific; Alisitos terrane (Baja California), Guerrero terrane (western Mexico); rifting of North and South America; formation of the Caribbean Plateau by the Galápagos hotspot, and its eastward movement; accretion of Galápagos hotspot tracks; Andean uplift; and displacement on the Romeral fault system. All these geological features were active in the Cretaceous, suggesting that geological change at that time caused vicariance in widespread ancestors. The present distributions are explicable if ancestors survived as metapopulations occupying both the Galápagos hotspot and other regions before differentiating, more or less in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heads
- Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY, 14211-1293, U.S.A
| | - John R Grehan
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, 3215 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
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25
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Lee JL. Description of a new species of Southeast Asian reed snake from northern Laos (Squamata: Colubridae: Genus Calamaria F. Boie, 1827) with a revised diagnosis of Calamaria yunnanensis Chernov, 1962. J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1909165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. Lee
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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26
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Strong CRC, Palci A, Caldwell MW. Insights into skull evolution in fossorial snakes, as revealed by the cranial morphology of Atractaspis irregularis (Serpentes: Colubroidea). J Anat 2021; 238:146-172. [PMID: 32815172 PMCID: PMC7755084 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative osteological analyses of extant organisms provide key insight into major evolutionary transitions and phylogenetic hypotheses. This is especially true for snakes, given their unique morphology relative to other squamates and the persistent controversy regarding their evolutionary origins. However, the osteology of several major snake groups remains undescribed, thus hindering efforts to accurately reconstruct the phylogeny of snakes. One such group is the Atractaspididae, a family of fossorial colubroids. We herein present the first detailed description of the atractaspidid skull, based on fully segmented micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans of Atractaspis irregularis. The skull of Atractaspis presents a highly unique morphology influenced by both fossoriality and paedomorphosis. This paedomorphosis is especially evident in the jaws, palate, and suspensorium, the major elements associated with macrostomy (large-gaped feeding in snakes). Comparison to scolecophidians-a group of blind, fossorial, miniaturized snakes-in turn sheds light on current hypotheses of snake phylogeny. Features of both the naso-frontal joint and the morphofunctional system related to macrostomy refute the traditional notion that scolecophidians are fundamentally different from alethinophidians (all other extant snakes). Instead, these features support the controversial hypothesis of scolecophidians as "regressed alethinophidians," in contrast to their traditional placement as the earliest-diverging snake lineage. We propose that Atractaspis and scolecophidians fall along a morphological continuum, characterized by differing degrees of paedomorphosis. Altogether, a combination of heterochrony and miniaturization provides a mechanism for the derivation of the scolecophidian skull from an ancestral fossorial alethinophidian morphotype, exemplified by the nonminiaturized and less extreme paedomorph Atractaspis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Palci
- Earth Sciences SectionSouth Australian MuseumAdelaideSAAustralia,College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSAAustralia
| | - Michael W. Caldwell
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada,Department of Earth and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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Dorigo TA, Siqueira CC, Oliveira JCF, Fusinatto LA, Santos-Pereira M, Almeida-Santos M, Maia-Carneiro T, Reis CNC, Rocha CFD. Amphibians and reptiles from the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brazil, one of the world’s largest urban forests. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-0978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The Parque Nacional da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is considered to be one of the world’s largest urban forests, however no systematic inventory of its herpetofauna is available. In the present study, we surveyed the amphibians and reptiles of this park to assess its species composition (including secondary data) and obtain estimates of species richness and abundance. We conducted active searches (460 hours) between January 2013 and December 2015. We identified the taxa endemic to either the Atlantic Forest or Rio de Janeiro state, and verified the conservation status of each species in the international, Brazilian, and state red lists. We also estimated the species richness and sampling sufficiency by rarefaction curves and Bootstrap richness estimator, and analyzed the distribution of the species abundance in Whittaker plots. We recorded 3,288 individuals over 36 months, representing 24 species of amphibians and 25 reptiles. The cumulative species curves, rarefaction, and the richness estimated indicated that sampling effort was adequate. Species abundance adjusted to the log-series model in both amphibians and reptiles. The four most abundant amphibians represented 70% of the individuals recorded in this group, while the two most abundant reptiles represented 60% of the total individuals. The inclusion of the secondary data raised the number of amphibian species to 38, and the number of reptiles to 36. Approximately 80% of the amphibian species and 28% of the reptile species recorded are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, and six of the amphibian species are endemic to Rio de Janeiro state. Six amphibian species and one reptile species are classified under some threat of extinction, and two reptile species were exotic. The considerable diversity of the herpetofauna of the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, which includes endemic and threatened species, reflects the effectiveness of the reforestation of this protected area and emphasizes the importance of its conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Maia-Carneiro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Melo-Sampaio PR, Passos P, Martins AR, Jennings WB, Moura-Leite JC, Morato SA, Venegas PJ, Chávez G, Venâncio NM, Souza MB. A phantom on the trees: Integrative taxonomy supports a reappraisal of rear-fanged snakes classification (Dipsadidae: Philodryadini). ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gomes DF, Azevedo J, Murta-Fonseca R, Faurby S, Antonelli A, Passos P. Taxonomic revision of the genus Xenopholis Peters, 1869 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae): Integrating morphology with ecological niche. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243210. [PMID: 33306700 PMCID: PMC7732082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable identification and delimitation of species is an essential pre-requisite for many fields of science and conservation. The Neotropical herpetofauna is the world's most diverse, including many taxa of uncertain or debated taxonomy. Here we tackle one such species complex, by evaluating the taxonomic status of species currently allocated in the snake genus Xenopholis (X. scalaris, X. undulatus, and X. werdingorum). We base our conclusions on concordance between quantitative (meristic and morphometric) and qualitative (color pattern, hemipenes and skull features) analyses of morphological characters, in combination with ecological niche modeling. We recognize all three taxa as valid species and improve their respective diagnosis, including new data on color in life, pholidosis, bony morphology, and male genitalia. We find low overlap among the niches of each species, corroborating the independent source of phenotypic evidence. Even though all three species occur in the leaf litter of distinct forested habitats, Xenopholis undulatus is found in the elevated areas of the Brazilian Shield (Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco), whereas X. scalaris occurs in the Amazon and Atlantic rainforests, and X. werdingorum in the Chiquitanos forest and Pantanal wetlands. We discuss the disjunct distribution between Amazonian and Atlantic Forest snake species in the light of available natural history and ecological aspects. This study shows the advantages of combining multiple data sources for reliable identification and circumscription of ecologically similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Faustino Gomes
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Josué Azevedo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Programa de Coleções Científicas Biológicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Roberta Murta-Fonseca
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Campus do Pantanal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Bairro Universitário, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Carvalho PS, Zaher H, da Silva Jr NJ, Santana DJ. A morphological and molecular study of Hydrodynastes gigas (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), a widespread species from South America. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10073. [PMID: 33304646 PMCID: PMC7698695 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies with integrative approaches (based on different lines of evidence) are fundamental for understanding the diversity of organisms. Different data sources can improve the understanding of the taxonomy and evolution of snakes. We used this integrative approach to verify the taxonomic status of Hydrodynastes gigas (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854), given its wide distribution throughout South America, including the validity of the recently described Hydrodynastes melanogigas Franco, Fernandes & Bentim, 2007. METHODS We performed a phylogenetic analysis of Bayesian Inference with mtDNA 16S and Cytb, and nuDNA Cmos and NT3 concatenated (1,902 bp). In addition, we performed traditional morphometric analyses, meristic, hemipenis morphology and coloration pattern of H. gigas and H. melanogigas. RESULTS According to molecular and morphological characters, H. gigas is widely distributed throughout South America. We found no evidence to support that H. gigas and H. melanogigas species are distinct lineages, therefore, H. melanogigas is a junior synonym of H. gigas. Thus, the melanic pattern of H. melanogigas is the result of a polymorphism of H. gigas. Melanic populations of H. gigas can be found in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila S. Carvalho
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson J. da Silva Jr
- Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego J. Santana
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Gonzales L, Reichle S, Entiauspe-Neto OM. A new species of Oxyrhopus Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from the Bolivian Andes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191428. [PMID: 33146262 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new dipsadine snake species, of the genus Oxyrhopus Wagler, 1830, from the highlands of Bolivia. Oxyrhopus emberti sp. n. is diagnosed from its congeners based on external and hemipenial morphology. The new species inhabits the humid forests of Yungas and Tucumano-Bolivian Forest highlands, between 1.200 - 1.800 meters above sea level, and is likely to be a Bolivian endemic. We also discuss the relationships of the new species with Andean congeners and provide a key to the identification of the Oxyrhopus species from the Central Andes of Bolivia and Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucindo Gonzales
- Museo Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Avenida Irala, 556, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Steffen Reichle
- Museo Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Avenida Irala, 556, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Omar M Entiauspe-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vertebrados, Avenida Itália, km 8, Vila Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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32
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Rebelato MM, Ferri VYK, Dalmolin DA, Tozetti AM, Verrastro L. Envenomation by opisthoglyphous snake Thamnodynastes hypoconia (Cope, 1860) (Dipsadinae: Tachymenini) in southern Brazil. Toxicon 2020; 189:1-6. [PMID: 33152352 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here a case of human envenoming by Thamnodynastes hypoconia, a common and abundant non-front-fanged snake belonging to the subfamily Dipsadinae. The case was registered in the municipality of Tapes, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in a 27-year-old female. The snakebite was on the wrist of the left arm while handling the snake in a field outing. No pain sensation was noted during the bite, and after 20 minutes edema developed along the hand and forearm with a slight sensation of numbness and mild pain when moving the fingers. After 15 hours, the victim began to develop erythema, paraesthesia, and a sensation of warmth at the bite site. After 30 hours, ecchymosis occurred on the fingers and forearms, and the edema began to decrease. After 70 hours from the time of the bite, ecchymosis along with pruritus and mild pain were still evident. The patient was treated with prescribed medications, and after 7 days no further symptoms were observed. This is the first reported case of envenoming by T. hypoconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marluci Müller Rebelato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Yuri Kingeski Ferri
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Diego Anderson Dalmolin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Evolução, Sistemática e Ecologia de Aves e Mamíferos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Marques Tozetti
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Avenida Unisinos 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Verrastro
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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33
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Mebert K, Passos P, Fernandes DS, Entiauspe-Neto OM, Alvez FQ, Machado AS, Lopes RT. A New Species of Snail-Eating Snake, Dipsas Cope, 1860 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00112.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Mebert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Fernandes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco A, sala AO-92, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, 96203-900, Vila Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fatima Queiroz Alvez
- Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Rodovia Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 22, P.B. 7, 45600-000, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S. Machado
- Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia, Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-450, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Lopes
- Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia, Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-450, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Heinicke MP, Titus-McQuillan JE, Daza JD, Kull EM, Stanley EL, Bauer AM. Phylogeny and evolution of unique skull morphologies in dietary specialist African shovel-snouted snakes (Lamprophiidae: Prosymna). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prosymna is a specialized African snake genus lacking close relatives. The evolutionary relationships and history within Prosymna are poorly understood. Here we assembled a multi-gene data set including representatives for 11 of 16 species to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of this group. Our analyses support the monophyly of Prosymna and are congruent with species groups previously recognized on the basis of external morphology. Divergences among extant Prosymna began in the mid-Cenozoic, with the earliest divergence splitting northern from southern lineages. High-resolution computed tomography scans confirm that a specialized skull morphology is found across the genus and was probably present in the common ancestor of Prosymna. This specialization is exemplified by dentition featuring reduced anterior but greatly enlarged, blade-like posterior maxillary teeth and an unusually high degree of fusion of cranial bones. One species, P. visseri, has a hammer-like maxilla unlike that of any other known snake. Evidence for oophagy in Prosymna and the possible roles of morphological specializations in egg-slitting or egg-crushing feeding mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Heinicke
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - James E Titus-McQuillan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Juan D Daza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
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35
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Conradie W, Deepak V, Keates C, Gower DJ. Kissing cousins: a review of the African genus Limnophis Günther, 1865 (Colubridae: Natricinae), with the description of a new species from north-eastern Angola. AFR J HERPETOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2020.1782483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Conradie
- Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), Humewood, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- School of Natural Resource Management, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
- National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust, South Africa
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Keates
- National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust, South Africa
- Zoology and Entomology Molecular Lab, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - David J Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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DI Pietro DO, Williams JD, Cabrera MR, Alcalde L, Cajade R, Kacoliris FP. Resource partitioning in a snake assemblage from east-central Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20180766. [PMID: 32520217 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two dimensions of the ecological niche (diet and habitat) of a snake assemblage from an endemic rich area in east-central Argentina, the Sierras de Ventania mountain chain, were analyzed. Field data collection was performed in 15-week study periods between 2010 and 2014. Snakes were hand-captured using transect surveys. Field observations on diet were analyzed together with stomach content data from museum specimens. Our results supported the partitioning of the snake assemblage by both habitat use and diet into at least three functional groups: species restricted to microhabitats under rocks and with a diet composed exclusively of ants (Epictia australis); species found mostly in stream microhabitats and feeding mainly upon anurans (Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus and Lygophis elegantissimus); and species found mostly in grassland microhabitats, with specialized diets of terrestrial prey items (Philodryas patagoniensis and Bothrops alternatus). Consistent with previous work, diet was more important than habitat in explaining ecological niche partitioning of this snake assemblage. Our results showed that high overlap values of microhabitat use were compensated by low overlap values of the trophic niche dimension, thus matching the traditional complementary niches hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego O DI Pietro
- Sección Herpetología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Av. 122 y 60, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jorge D Williams
- Sección Herpetología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Av. 122 y 60, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mario R Cabrera
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Museo de Zoología, and Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET/UNC, Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leandro Alcalde
- Sección Herpetología, Instituto de Limnología Dr. R.A. Ringuelet (contribution number 1149) CONICET, Blvd. 120 y 62, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Cajade
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Federico P Kacoliris
- Sección Herpetología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Av. 122 y 60, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Li JN, Liang D, Wang YY, Guo P, Huang S, Zhang P. A large-scale systematic framework of Chinese snakes based on a unified multilocus marker system. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 148:106807. [PMID: 32268200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Snakes are one of the most diverse groups of terrestrial vertebrates, with approximately 3500 extant species. A robust phylogeny and taxonomy of snakes is crucial for us to know, study and protect them. For a large group such as snakes, broad-scale phylogenetic reconstructions largely rely on data integration. Increasing the compatibility of the data from different researches is thus important, which can be facilitated by standardization of the loci used in systematic analyses. In this study, we proposed a unified multilocus marker system for snake systematics by conflating 5 mitochondrial markers, 19 vertebrate-universal nuclear protein coding (NPC) markers and 72 snake-specific noncoding intron markers. This marker system is an addition to the large squamate conserved locus set (SqCL) for studies preferring a medium-scale data set. We applied this marker system to over 440 snake samples and constructed the currently most comprehensive systematic framework of the snakes in China. Robust snake phylogenetic relationships were recovered at both deep and shallow evolutionary depths, demonstrating the usefulness of this multilocus marker system. Discordance was revealed by a parallel comparison between the snake tree based on the multilocus marker system and that based on only the mitochondrial loci, highlighting the necessity of using multiple types of markers to better understand the snake evolutionary histories. The divergence times of different snake groups were estimated with the nuclear data set. Our comprehensive snake tree not only confirms many important nodes inferred in previous studies but also contributes new insights into many snake phylogenetic relationships. Suggestions are made for the current Chinese snake taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Song Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Torres-Carvajal O, Hinojosa KC. Hidden diversity in two widespread snake species (Serpentes: Xenodontini: Erythrolamprus) from South America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 146:106772. [PMID: 32087331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of genetic diversity of widely distributed Neotropical tetrapods has been an active research field during the last decade, although it has focused on lowland (mostly Amazonian) taxa. In this paper we use phylogenetic analyses to explore the diversity within two widely distributed snake species, Erythrolamprus epinephelus and E. reginae. Specifically, we focus on Andean populations of the former and lowland samples of the latter. Our results show that Erythrolamprus epinephelus is paraphyletic and support recognition of the subspecies albiventris, fraseri and lamonae as distinct species. Regarding E. reginae, our results are in conflict with recent taxonomic proposals in that (1) E. reginae is paraphyletic, and (2) E. zweifeli from Trinidad and E. reginae from Amazonian Ecuador are not reciprocally monophyletic. Finally, we recommend caution when proposing taxonomic changes based on incomplete geographic and/or character sampling of widespread Neotropical taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Katherin C Hinojosa
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
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Frazão L, Oliveira ME, Menin M, Campos J, Almeida A, Kaefer IL, Hrbek T. Species richness and composition of snake assemblages in poorly accessible areas in the Brazilian Amazonia. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Snakes are a diverse group of terrestrial vertebrates of the order Squamata. Despite that, in the Amazonian biome, information about distribution and identification of snakes is limited when compared to other groups. Additionally, in Amazonia there is a sampling bias towards areas geographically close to urban centers and more densely populated areas. This in turn leads to false distribution gaps in poorly accessible areas of Amazonia. In this article we report the composition of snake assemblages in six areas of the Brazilian Amazonia, based on field sampling conducted over four years using standardized methods. We sampled 70 species from eight families: Typhlopidae (n=1), Leptotyphlopidae (n=1), Anillidae (n=1), Boidae (n=5), Colubridae (n=15), Dipsadidae (n=35), Elapidae (n=7), and Viperidae (n=5). The largest number of species was recorded in the Trombetas River area and the lowest in the Jatapu River area. The total beta diversity was 0.40 and the snake assemblages were structured mainly by replacement (72.5%). The time-limited search was the method that recorded the greatest number of individuals in the studied areas (44.1%) and also the greatest number of species (n=40). However, some species were recorded only by other methods such as interception by pitfall traps with directional fences. Despite the large number of species sampled in the study, no particular area comprised more than 40% of species registered in all the areas, indicating that snakes are poorly detected even with large sampling effort across multiple areas of a species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Frazão
- Bionorte - Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
| | | | - Marcelo Menin
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
| | | | - Alexandre Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Igor L. Kaefer
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil
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Nogueira CC, Argôlo AJ, Arzamendia V, Azevedo JA, Barbo FE, Bérnils RS, Bolochio BE, Borges-Martins M, Brasil-Godinho M, Braz H, Buononato MA, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Colli GR, Costa HC, Franco FL, Giraudo A, Gonzalez RC, Guedes T, Hoogmoed MS, Marques OA, Montingelli GG, Passos P, Prudente AL, Rivas GA, Sanchez PM, Serrano FC, Silva NJ, Strüssmann C, Vieira-Alencar JPS, Zaher H, Sawaya RJ, Martins M. Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-19-00120.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano C. Nogueira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J.S. Argôlo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vanesa Arzamendia
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Josué A. Azevedo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fausto E. Barbo
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Bérnils
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29932-540, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bruna E. Bolochio
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Borges-Martins
- Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcela Brasil-Godinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução e Diversidade, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Braz
- Divisão de Biologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 17-1200-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Guarino R. Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Henrique C. Costa
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia. Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francisco L. Franco
- Divisão de Biologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Giraudo
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo C. Gonzalez
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Guedes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marinus S. Hoogmoed
- Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66017-970, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Otavio A.V. Marques
- Divisão de Biologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana L.C. Prudente
- Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66017-970, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gilson A. Rivas
- Museo de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 526, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela
| | - Paola M. Sanchez
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 04263-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe C. Serrano
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson J. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 74605-140, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Christine Strüssmann
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S. Vieira-Alencar
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 04263-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J. Sawaya
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins A, Koch C, Pinto R, Folly M, Fouquet A, Passos P. From the inside out: Discovery of a new genus of threadsnakes based on anatomical and molecular data, with discussion of the leptotyphlopid hemipenial morphology. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angele Martins
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Claudia Koch
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) Bonn Germany
| | - Roberta Pinto
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Anfíbios e Répteis, Museu de Arqueologia da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco Universidade Católica de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Manuella Folly
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR5174 Toulouse France
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Burbrink FT, Grazziotin FG, Pyron RA, Cundall D, Donnellan S, Irish F, Keogh JS, Kraus F, Murphy RW, Noonan B, Raxworthy CJ, Ruane S, Lemmon AR, Lemmon EM, Zaher H. Interrogating Genomic-Scale Data for Squamata (Lizards, Snakes, and Amphisbaenians) Shows no Support for Key Traditional Morphological Relationships. Syst Biol 2019; 69:502-520. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genomics is narrowing uncertainty in the phylogenetic structure for many amniote groups. For one of the most diverse and species-rich groups, the squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians), an inverse correlation between the number of taxa and loci sampled still persists across all publications using DNA sequence data and reaching a consensus on the relationships among them has been highly problematic. In this study, we use high-throughput sequence data from 289 samples covering 75 families of squamates to address phylogenetic affinities, estimate divergence times, and characterize residual topological uncertainty in the presence of genome-scale data. Importantly, we address genomic support for the traditional taxonomic groupings Scleroglossa and Macrostomata using novel machine-learning techniques. We interrogate genes using various metrics inherent to these loci, including parsimony-informative sites (PIS), phylogenetic informativeness, length, gaps, number of substitutions, and site concordance to understand why certain loci fail to find previously well-supported molecular clades and how they fail to support species-tree estimates. We show that both incomplete lineage sorting and poor gene-tree estimation (due to a few undesirable gene properties, such as an insufficient number of PIS), may account for most gene and species-tree discordance. We find overwhelming signal for Toxicofera, and also show that none of the loci included in this study supports Scleroglossa or Macrostomata. We comment on the origins and diversification of Squamata throughout the Mesozoic and underscore remaining uncertainties that persist in both deeper parts of the tree (e.g., relationships between Dibamia, Gekkota, and remaining squamates; among the three toxicoferan clades Iguania, Serpentes, and Anguiformes) and within specific clades (e.g., affinities among gekkotan, pleurodont iguanians, and colubroid families).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, The American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Felipe G Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500—Butantã, São Paulo—SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - R Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - David Cundall
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1 W. Packer Avenue, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Steve Donnellan
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Frances Irish
- Department of Biological Sciences, Moravian College, 1200 Main St, Bethlehem, PA 18018, US
| | - J Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Fred Kraus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert W Murphy
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queens Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Brice Noonan
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Christopher J Raxworthy
- Department of Herpetology, The American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Sara Ruane
- Department of Biological Sciences, 206 Boyden Hall, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4102, USA
| | - Emily Moriarty Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil CEP 04263-000, Brazil
- Centre de Recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), UMR 7207 CNRS/MNHN/Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, CP 38, 75005 Paris, France
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Santos-Jr AP, Almeida-Santos DA, Ribeiro S, Carmargo IC, da Costa Prudente AL. Distribution extension of Phimophis guerini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in the Brazilian Amazon. ZOOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.36.e27645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phimophisguerini Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 is a Xenodontinae snake distributed in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. In Brazil, the species is broadly distributed, occurring mainly in open areas of the Cerrado, but also in the Amazon, Atlantic forest and Caatinga. We provide a new record for this species from the municipality of Santarém in the western portion of the state of Pará (Brazil). Five specimens were collected in a small area covered with Amazonian Savanna vegetation. We also provide the description of the morphological variation for the collected specimens. The new record extends the northern limit of the distribution by some 640 km (from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parauapebas municipality, eastern Pará). The record from Santarém provides a third locality for P.guerini within the Amazon biome and supports the hypothesis of a past ecological corridor linking the Cerrado and the open habitats within the Amazon.
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Hoogmoed MS, Fernandes R, Kucharzewski C, Moura-Leite JC, Bérnils RS, Entiauspe-Neto OM, Santos FPRD. Synonymization of Uromacer ricardinii Peracca, 1897 with Dendrophis aurata Schlegel, 1837 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), a Rare South American Snake with a Disjunct Distribution. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marinus S. Hoogmoed
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66017-970 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Christoph Kucharzewski
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibnitz-Institut für Evolutions– und Biodiversitätsforschung Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julio Cesar Moura-Leite
- Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, and Curso de Biologia, Pontifíca Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Bérnils
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamanto de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Campus Litorâneo, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vertebrados, Av. Itália, km 8, 96203-900, Vila Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Zaher H, Murphy RW, Arredondo JC, Graboski R, Machado-Filho PR, Mahlow K, Montingelli GG, Quadros AB, Orlov NL, Wilkinson M, Zhang YP, Grazziotin FG. Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216148. [PMID: 31075128 PMCID: PMC6512042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenophidian snakes include the file snake genus Acrochordus and advanced colubroidean snakes that radiated mainly during the Neogene. Although caenophidian snakes are a well-supported clade, their inferred affinities, based either on molecular or morphological data, remain poorly known or controversial. Here, we provide an expanded molecular phylogenetic analysis of Caenophidia and use three non-parametric measures of support-Shimodaira-Hasegawa-Like test (SHL), Felsentein (FBP) and transfer (TBE) bootstrap measures-to evaluate the robustness of each clade in the molecular tree. That very different alternative support values are common suggests that results based on only one support value should be viewed with caution. Using a scheme to combine support values, we find 20.9% of the 1265 clades comprising the inferred caenophidian tree are unambiguously supported by both SHL and FBP values, while almost 37% are unsupported or ambiguously supported, revealing the substantial extent of phylogenetic problems within Caenophidia. Combined FBP/TBE support values show similar results, while SHL/TBE result in slightly higher combined values. We consider key morphological attributes of colubroidean cranial, vertebral and hemipenial anatomy and provide additional morphological evidence supporting the clades Colubroides, Colubriformes, and Endoglyptodonta. We review and revise the relevant caenophidian fossil record and provide a time-calibrated tree derived from our molecular data to discuss the main cladogenetic events that resulted in present-day patterns of caenophidian diversification. Our results suggest that all extant families of Colubroidea and Elapoidea composing the present-day endoglyptodont fauna originated rapidly within the early Oligocene-between approximately 33 and 28 Mya-following the major terrestrial faunal turnover known as the "Grande Coupure" and associated with the overall climate shift at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Our results further suggest that the caenophidian radiation originated within the Caenozoic, with the divergence between Colubroides and Acrochordidae occurring in the early Eocene, at ~ 56 Mya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- CR2P –Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Muséum national d’Histoire
naturelle – Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Centre for Biodiversity, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming
Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | | | - Roberta Graboski
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará,
Brazil
| | | | - Kristin Mahlow
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity
Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ana Bottallo Quadros
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- CR2P –Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Muséum national d’Histoire
naturelle – Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nikolai L. Orlov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg,
Russia
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming
Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan
University, Kunming, China
| | - Felipe G. Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São
Paulo, Brazil
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Eisfeld A, Vrcibradic D. Reproductive aspects of the semi-aquatic snake Erythrolamprus miliaris (Dipsadidae: Xenodontini) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20170657. [PMID: 30994745 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920170657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed some aspects of reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the semi-aquatic dipsadid snake Erythrolamprus miliaris in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. We detected sexual dimorphism in body size (snout-vent length), with females averaging larger than males, but no sexual dimorphism in the relative length of the tail. Oviductal eggs and secondary follicles were found in all seasons, suggesting that female reproductive cycles are continuous, in spite of the tropical seasonal climate in the region. Reproductive males were present throughout the year, suggesting a continuous cycle for males as well. Clutch size averaged 10.3 ± 4.8 (range 4-21) and there was a positive and significant relationship between clutch size and female size. Compared to conspecific populations previously studied in other Atlantic Rainforest areas, populations of E. miliaris from the state of Rio de Janeiro appear more similar overall in their reproductive traits to a more northern population from the state of Bahia than to populations from further south in the states of São Paulo and Paraná.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eisfeld
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-255 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Davor Vrcibradic
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-255 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Portillo F, Stanley EL, Branch WR, Conradie W, Rödel MO, Penner J, Barej MF, Kusamba C, Muninga WM, Aristote MM, Bauer AM, Trape JF, Nagy ZT, Carlino P, Pauwels OSG, Menegon M, Ineich I, Burger M, Zassi-Boulou AG, Mazuch T, Jackson K, Hughes DF, Behangana M, Greenbaum E. Evolutionary history of burrowing asps (Lamprophiidae: Atractaspidinae) with emphasis on fang evolution and prey selection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214889. [PMID: 30995262 PMCID: PMC6469773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractaspidines are poorly studied, fossorial snakes that are found throughout Africa and western Asia, including the Middle East. We employed concatenated gene-tree analyses and divergence dating approaches to investigate evolutionary relationships and biogeographic patterns of atractaspidines with a multi-locus data set consisting of three mitochondrial (16S, cyt b, and ND4) and two nuclear genes (c-mos and RAG1). We sampled 91 individuals from both atractaspidine genera (Atractaspis and Homoroselaps). Additionally, we used ancestral-state reconstructions to investigate fang and diet evolution within Atractaspidinae and its sister lineage (Aparallactinae). Our results indicated that current classification of atractaspidines underestimates diversity within the group. Diversification occurred predominantly between the Miocene and Pliocene. Ancestral-state reconstructions suggest that snake dentition in these taxa might be highly plastic within relatively short periods of time to facilitate adaptations to dynamic foraging and life-history strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Portillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Stanley
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - William R. Branch
- Port Elizabeth Museum, Humewood, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Werner Conradie
- Port Elizabeth Museum, Humewood, South Africa
- School of Natural Resource Management, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Penner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael F. Barej
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chifundera Kusamba
- Laboratoire d’Herpétologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Lwiro, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Wandege M. Muninga
- Laboratoire d’Herpétologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Lwiro, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mwenebatu M. Aristote
- Institut Supérieur d'Écologie pour la Conservation de la Nature, Katana Campus, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Piero Carlino
- Museo di Storia naturale del Salento, Calimera, Italy
| | - Olivier S. G. Pauwels
- Département des Vertébrés Récents, Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michele Menegon
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Ineich
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Département Systématique et Evolution (Reptiles), ISyEB (Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité), Paris, France
| | - Marius Burger
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Flora Fauna & Man, Ecological Services Ltd. Tortola, British Virgin Islands
| | | | | | - Kate Jackson
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mathias Behangana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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48
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Montingelli GG, Grazziotin FG, Battilana J, Murphy RW, Zhang Y, Zaher H. Higher‐level phylogenetic affinities of the Neotropical genus
Mastigodryas
Amaral, 1934 (Serpentes: Colubridae), species‐group definition and description of a new genus for
Mastigodryas bifossatus. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna G. Montingelli
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London UK
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Robert W. Murphy
- Royal Ontario MuseumCentre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Toronto Ontario Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of Zoology Kunming China
| | - Ya‐Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of Zoology Kunming China
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐ResourcesYunnan University Kunming China
| | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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49
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Deepak V, Ruane S, Gower DJ. A new subfamily of fossorial colubroid snakes from the Western Ghats of peninsular India. J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1557756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sara Ruane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David J. Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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50
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Murphy JC, Braswell AL, Charles SP, Auguste RJ, Rivas GA, orzée A, Lehtinen RM, Jowers MJ. A new species of Erythrolamprus from the oceanic island of Tobago (Squamata, Dipsadidae). Zookeys 2019; 817:131-157. [PMID: 30686927 PMCID: PMC6342902 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.817.30811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobago is a small island on the southeast edge of the Caribbean Plate with a continental flora and fauna. Using DNA sequences from Genbank, new sequences, and morphological data from the snakes Erythrolamprusepinephalus, E.melanotus, E.reginae, and E.zweifeli, the species status of specimens of a Tobago snake previously considered to be Erythrolamprusreginae was assessed. Erythrolampruszweifeli, long considered a subspecies of E.reginae, was found to be a northern Venezuela-Trinidad endemic and the sister to E.reginae. The trans-Andean species E.epinephalus is shown to be non-monophyletic while the Costa Rican lineage of E.epinephalus is weakly supported as the sister to the Tobago population. The Tobago Erythrolamprus is described as a distinct taxon based upon five specimens from four localities in lower montane rainforest. Much of the new species range includes the Main Ridge Forest Reserve of Tobago, the oldest protected forest in the Western Hemisphere. All known locations fall within a 400-ha area, and its total geographic distribution is likely to be less than 4,566 ha. The restricted distribution of this new snake makes it a likely candidate for threatened status. The new species also becomes another biogeographic link between northern Venezuela and Tobago.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Murphy
- Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Alvin L. Braswell
- North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Stevland P. Charles
- Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA
| | - Renoir J. Auguste
- Department of Life Science, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, WI
| | - Gilson A. Rivas
- Museo de Biologia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 526, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela
| | - Amaël orzée
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Michael J. Jowers
- CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario De Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210, Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33657, Republic of Korea
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