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Oliveira AMS, de Souza Batista D, de Castro TN, Alves IA, Souto RB, Mota MD, Serafini MR, Rajkumar G, Cazedey ECL. The use of natural extracts with photoprotective activity: a 2015-2023 patent prospection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:853-869. [PMID: 38613600 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic sunscreen offers protection against excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, and protects the skin from possible damage. However, they have low efficacy against the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly reactive molecules that can be generated in the skin when it is exposed to UV radiation, and are known to play a role in oxidative stress, which can contribute to skin aging and damage. Thus, there is an ongoing search for sunscreens that do not have these negative effects. One promising source for these is natural products. Therefore, the current patent review summarizes topical formulations made from natural compounds that have antioxidant properties and can be used as photoprotective or anti-aging agents, either using a single natural extract or a combination of extracts. The review reports basic patent information (applicant country, type of applicant, and year of filing) and gives details about the invention, including its chemical composition, and the in vitro and in vivo tests performed. These patents describe natural products that can be used to protect the skin and validate their efficacy, and safety, in addition to standardizing their formulations. The compositions described illustrate the consistent innovation in the use of natural products to protect against UV damage and photoaging disorders, a promising field which is receiving growing global recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Santos Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Daniel de Souza Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tailaine Nascimento de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Izabel Almeida Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bizogne Souto
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milleno Dantas Mota
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Gomathi Rajkumar
- Department of Botany, Sri Sarada College for Women (Autonomous), Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Edith Cristina Laignier Cazedey
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Pasuch Gluzezak AJ, Dos Santos JL, Maria-Engler SS, Gaspar LR. Evaluation of the photoprotective and antioxidant potential of an avobenzone derivative. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1347414. [PMID: 38487263 PMCID: PMC10937738 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1347414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation can cause damage to the skin, and the use of sunscreens is one of the main protective measures. However, photounstable ultraviolet (UV) filters can generate photoproducts and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Adding antioxidants, such as resveratrol, to enhance the action of UV filters in sunscreens is an interesting strategy for reducing the damage caused by UV radiation exposure. However, new compounds must have their stability, safety and efficacy guaranteed. Avobenzone, a commonly used UV filter, stands out as a promising candidate for structural modification to enhance its stability. Its molecular hybridization with other UV filters and antioxidants can lead to safer and more effective compounds. In this study, the photoprotective and antioxidant potential of a derivative of avobenzone, hybridized with resveratrol's molecule, was evaluated using in vitro models of cells in monolayer and reconstructed human skin (RHS). Phototoxic potential was assessed using fibroblasts, while the antioxidant activity was measured using the DCFH2-DA probe in HaCaT keratinocytes and in-house RHS. The derivative exhibited UV absorption and demonstrated photostability. It did not exhibit any phototoxic nor photoreactivity potential. Additionally, it was able to photo stabilize a combination of photounstable UV filters, avobenzone and octyl methoxycinnamate, and to reduce their phototoxic potential. In terms of antioxidant activity, the derivative successfully protected against UVA-induced ROS production in the HaCaT keratinocytes model, showing statistical equivalence to the antioxidant control, quercetin (10 μg/mL). Furthermore, experiments conducted in the RHS model demonstrated a significant reduction of 30.7% in ROS generation compared to the irradiated control. This study demonstrated that structural modifications of avobenzone can lead to the development of a broad spectrum (absorbing UVB and UVA II radiation, as well as a portion of the UVA I radiation), non-phototoxic, non-photoreactive and photostable derivative for sunscreen and anti-aging formulations. This derivative enhances protection against oxidative stress induced by UV radiation and improves the effectiveness of sun protection. In addition to the monolayer model, the use of a standardized in-house RHS model was highly relevant for evaluating the effects of UV radiation and skin aging. This model closely mimics human physiological conditions and enables the testing of new compounds and the investigation of protective mechanisms against skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorena Rigo Gaspar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Akbari H, Taeb S, Adibzadeh A, Akbari H. Nonionizing Electromagnetic Irradiations; Biological Interactions, Human Safety. J Biomed Phys Eng 2023; 13:299-308. [PMID: 37609512 PMCID: PMC10440414 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2010-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Human is usually exposed to environmental radiation from natural and man-made sources. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of exposure to environmental radiation, partly related to understanding and protecting against the risk of exposure to environmental radiation with beneficial and adverse impacts on human life. The rapid development of technologies causes a dramatic enhancement of radiation in the human environment. In this study, we address the biological effects caused by different fractions of non-ionizing electromagnetic irradiation to humans and describe possible approaches for minimizing adverse health effects initiated by radiation. The main focus was on biological mechanisms initiated by irradiation and represented protection, and safety approaches to prevent health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Akbari
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Adibzadeh
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Akbari
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Martinelli S, Medeiros AN, de Souza RF, Marconi AM, Navoni JA. Analysis of the cancer occurrence related to natural radioactivity in the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89140-89152. [PMID: 37442937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the Northeast region of Brazil, has areas of granites and pegmatites with minerals that have varying concentrations of uranium. Consequently, high concentrations of radon gas, a carcinogenic substance for humans, can occur. The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of cancer and its association with exposure to sources of natural radioactivity using geological and geophysical information in the aforementioned state. The spatial dependence of pulmonary, breast, stomach, leukemia, and skin cancer cases with the location of radioisotope sources were analyzed using geoprocessing tools. The geoprocessing analysis showed a differential pattern of uranium emission throughout the state, with the highest emission from areas with pegmatites outcrops. A spatial dependency of cancer cases was shown (Moran index: 0.43; p < 0.01). Moreover, a higher rate of natural radioactivity-cancer cases was associated with the high-intensity natural radioactivity areas: odds ratio:1.21 (95% CI 1.20; 1.23), following the same pattern when separately compared the different related types of cancer. These results highlight the importance of natural radioactivity as a public health problem in the Brazilian environmental scenario, confirming the need for further studies as the first toward understanding and implementing health management strategies mitigating the exposures, especially in areas of environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Martinelli
- Development and Environment, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira Medeiros
- Development and Environment, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Raquel Franco de Souza
- Development and Environment, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Center for Exact and Earth Sciences - Department of Geology, Laboratory of Geochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Alejandro Navoni
- Development and Environment, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho, No. 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
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Lima AKM, Carvalho AVF, de Paiva Pinheiro SK, Torres Y, Miguel TBAR, Pireda SF, Fechine PBA, Fregolente LG, de Castro Miguel E. Effect of TiO 2 Microparticles in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seeds and Seedlings. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:116. [PMID: 37318661 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The particle size reduction technology is used in several segments, including sunscreens and new techniques and product improvement. One of the main particles used in the sunscreens formulation is titanium dioxide (TiO2). This formulation allows for better characteristics of these products. Perspectives like incorporation of the particles by other biological systems beyond humans and their effects should be observed. This work aimed to evaluate the titanium dioxide microparticles phytotoxicity on Lactuca sativa L. plants through tests of germination, growth, and weight analysis using microscopy techniques: optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Some of the results showed cellular and morphological damage, mainly in the roots and 50 mg L-1 TiO2 concentration, confirmed by SEM. Additionally, anatomical damages like vascular bundle disruption and irregularity in the cortex cells were confirmed by SEM. Additionally, anatomical damages were observed on the three main organs (root, hypocotyl, and leaves) evidenced by the OM. Perspectives to confirm new hypotheses of the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kamila Medeiros Lima
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials and Postgraduate Program in Systematics, Use and Conservation of Biodiversity (PPGSis), Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Alexya Vitória Felix Carvalho
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials and Postgraduate Program in Systematics, Use and Conservation of Biodiversity (PPGSis), Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Sergimar Kennedy de Paiva Pinheiro
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials and Postgraduate Program in Systematics, Use and Conservation of Biodiversity (PPGSis), Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Yan Torres
- Marine Vertebrate Evolution and Conservation Lab, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Batista Azevedo Rangel Miguel
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Food Engineering Department and Biomaterial Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes Pireda
- Cell and Tissue Biology Laboratory, North Fluminense State University - UENF, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Laís Gomes Fregolente
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory (LaMFA), Physics Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emilio de Castro Miguel
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials and Postgraduate Program in Systematics, Use and Conservation of Biodiversity (PPGSis), Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil.
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In Vitro Photoprotection and Functional Photostability of Sunscreen Lipsticks Containing Inorganic Active Compounds. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a safe inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filter with activity against UV damage. However, the recombination of the carrier’s charge and the tendency for TiO2 aggregation are the main disadvantages. Substrate supports, such as mesoporous silica, are biocompatible strategies to incorporate TiO2, altering its interaction with the skin. Since the lips are sensitive to the adversities of the environment, including UV radiation, the application of lipstick sunscreens is of great importance and expected to provide protection for this particular area against sunburn and photoaging, among other unfavorable responses unprotected UV exposure. We investigated the in vitro photoprotective efficacy and photostability of lipstick formulations containing TiO2 incorporated into mesoporous silica (SBA-15). The samples were the lipstick base; SBA-15; TiO2 (free form); and TiO2 incorporated into SBA-15. The photoprotective efficacy was characterized in vitro using a Labsphere UV2000S. Lipsticks were irradiated in a Suntest CPS+ chamber to evaluate functional photostability. Lipstick base and SBA-15 alone did not display photoprotective efficacy. The sample containing 10.0% TiO2 incorporated into the mesoporous silica generated greater photostability and sun protection factor (SPF) value compared to the one containing only 10.0% TiO2 (free state). Our findings suggest that TiO2 + SBA-15 can be considered a broad-spectrum ingredient for innovative sunscreens, particularly for the photoprotection of the lips.
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Photoprotective Efficacy of the Association of Rosmarinic Acid 0.1% with Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate and Avobenzone. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative prototype sunscreens with reduced ultraviolet (UV) filters are required to achieve safer, more effective, and more environmentally friendly formulations. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic antioxidant and potential candidate for multifunctional sunscreens. We used RA (0.1% w/w) in combination with avobenzone (2.5% and 5.0% w/w), a UVA filter, and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (10.0% w/w), a UVB filter, to evaluate in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) and critical wavelength, photostability, and the in vivo SPF. RA, in vitro, improved the SPF of F2 (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 10.0% w/w + avobenzone 2.5% w/w + RA 0.1% w/w) and F3 (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 10.0% w/w + avobenzone 5.0% w/w + RA 0.1% w/w), which also presented broad-spectrum profiles; however, no expressive effects were observed for the critical wavelength (nm). By the in vivo trial, RA showed an increment in the F3 SPF value and maintained the F2 effectiveness, even when avobenzone was at 2.5%. Nonetheless, no increase in photostability was observed. Our findings suggest that incorporating natural molecules with antioxidant activities into sunscreens could decrease the proportion of conventional UV filters in the final product, with the advantage of providing other functional properties. Further investigation of higher RA concentrations, even from other sources, and other UV filter combinations could reveal important data for the development of multifunctional sunscreens.
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Alalaiwe A, Lin YC, Lin CF, Huang CC, Wang PW, Fang JY. TiO 2-embedded mesoporous silica with lower porosity is beneficial to adsorb the pollutants and retard UV filter absorption: A possible application for outdoor skin protection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106344. [PMID: 36455708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current investigation was to develop multifunctional TiO2-embedded mesoporous silica incorporating avobenzone to protect against environmental stress through pollutant adsorption and UVA protection. We sought to explore the effect of the mesoporous porosity on the capability of contaminant capture and the suppression of avobenzone skin penetration. The porosity of the mesoporous silica was tuned by adjusting the ratio of template triblock copolymers (Pluronic P123 and F68). The Pluronic P123:F68 ratios of 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 produced mesoporous silica with pore volumes of 0.66 (TiO2/SBA-L), 0.47 (TiO2/SBA-M), and 0.25 (TiO2/SBA-S) cm3/g, respectively. X-ray scattering and electron microscopy confirmed the SBA-15 structure of the as-prepared material had a size of 3-5 μm. The maximum adsorbability of fluoranthene and methylene blue was found to be 43% and 53% for the TiO2/SBA-S under UVA light, respectively. The avobenzone loaded into the mesoporous silica demonstrated the synergistic effect of in vitro UVA protection, reaching an UVA/UVB absorbance ratio of near 1.5 (Boots star rating = 5). The encapsulation of avobenzone into the TiO2/SBA-S lessened cutaneous avobenzone absorption from 0.76 to 0.50 nmol/mg, whereas no reduction was detected for the TiO2/SBA-L. The avobenzone-loaded TiO2/SBA-S hydrogel exhibited a greater improvement in skin barrier recovery and proinflammatory mediator mitigation compared to the SBA-S hydrogel (without TiO2). The cytokines/chemokines in the photoaged skin were reduced by two- to three-fold after TiO2/SBA-S treatment compared to the non-treatment control. Our data suggested that the mesoporous formulation with low porosity and a specific surface area showed effective adsorbability and UVA protection, with reduced UVA filter absorption. The versatility of the developed mesoporous system indicated a promising potential for outdoor skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Chih Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan,, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Huang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan,, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Vachiramon V, Anuntrangsee T, Palakornkitti P, Jurairattanaporn N, Harnchoowong S. Incobotulinum Toxin Type A for Treatment of Ultraviolet-B-Induced Hyperpigmentation: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060417. [PMID: 35737078 PMCID: PMC9231130 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Incobotulinum toxin A (IncoBoNT-A) is effective in preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced hyperpigmentation. This prospective, randomized, controlled study aimed to evaluate the effect of IncoBoNT-A on the treatment of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in 15 volunteers. Five hyperpigmentation squares (2 × 2 cm) were induced by local UVB on the abdomen at baseline. At Day 7, each site was randomized to receive no treatment (control), normal saline, or intradermal IncoBoNT-A injection with 1:2.5, 1:5, and 1:7.5 dilutions (12, 6, and 4 units, respectively). The mean lightness index (L*), hyperpigmentation improvement score evaluated by blinded dermatologists, and participant satisfaction scores were obtained at Days 21, 28, and 35. At Day 21, improvements in mean L* of 1:2.5, 1:5, and 1:7.5 IncoBoNT-A-treated, saline-treated, and control sites were 14.30%, 12.28%, 6.62%, 0.32%, and 4.98%, respectively (p = 0.86). At Day 28, the improvement in mean L* in IncoBoNT-A-treated groups was superior to that in the other groups. In terms of the hyperpigmentation improvement score, 12 participants (80%) experienced better outcomes with the IncoBoNT-A-injected site compared with the other sites. IncoBoNT-A, especially at higher concentrations, showed some positive effects on the treatment of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. This may serve as an adjuvant treatment for hyperpigmentary conditions that are aggravated by UVB.
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Jurairattanaporn N, Palakornkitti P, Anuntrangsee T, Vachiramon V. A study of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of ultraviolet B-induced hyperpigmentation: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3343-3350. [PMID: 35377518 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been used experimentally under various dermatological conditions. Recent studies have revealed a preventive effect of BTX-A against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin hyperpigmentation. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of BTX-A for the treatment of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in human. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted. UVB irradiation induced five separate hyperpigmented squares on the abdomen. Seven days after irradiation, all squares were randomly assigned to five intervention groups: control, 0.9% normal saline injection, 12 units (1:2.5), 6 units (1:5), and 4 units (1:7.5) of onabotulinum toxin injections. The lightness index (L*), hyperpigmentation improvement score rated by a blinded physician, and participant satisfaction scores were obtained at 14, 21, and 28 days after injection. RESULTS Fifteen participants (mean age 36.9 years, Fitzpatrick skin types III-IV) completed the study. The BTX-A (1:2.5)-treated site had a lower degree of hyperpigmentation at all time points, as measured by mean L* and hyperpigmentation improvement scores. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Participants were most satisfied with the control site. CONCLUSION Intradermal BTX-A injection had no therapeutic effect on UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. However, the role of BTX-A injections in the treatment of other hyperpigmentary conditions requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasita Palakornkitti
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Anuntrangsee
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vasanop Vachiramon
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Addor FAS, Barcaui CB, Gomes EE, Lupi O, Marçon CR, Miot HA. Sunscreen lotions in the dermatological prescription: review of concepts and controversies. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:204-222. [PMID: 35039207 PMCID: PMC9073257 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is regularly exposed to several environmental aggressions, including solar radiation, whose biological effects can induce sunburn, dyschromia, skin aging and cancer. Among the photoprotection measures, sunscreens comprise a relevant part of the strategy aimed to prevent solar radiation damage and, for effective action, the patient must adhere to the product use and the latter, in turn, must follow technical parameters to promote adequate protection. This review article brings together the most current and relevant concepts about photoprotection for dermatological use, including the challenges for their formulation, the risks of certain photoprotective active substances for individual and environmental safety and the importance of stringency in determining the product efficacy, considering the regulatory aspects, highlighting relevant differences between Brazil and other countries. Thus, when assessing a sunscreen, not only the visual aspects and sensory perception will be immediately evaluated, but also the quality and suitability of the vehicle, the chemical composition of the formulation, the environmental risks, the photostability of the screening system, and the measurement of its protection spectrum. Technical knowledge of sunscreens can help dermatologists in this important role of educating patients about the best photoprotective strategies in each situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Baptista Barcaui
- Dermatology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Dermatology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elimar Elias Gomes
- Cancer Center, Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Omar Lupi
- Dermatology Service, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro (PGRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Clinical Immunology Service, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Ruscinc N, Morocho-Jácome AL, Martinez RM, Magalhães WV, Escudeiro CC, Giarolla J, Rosado C, Velasco MVR, Baby AR. Vaccinium myrtillus L. extract associated with octocrylene, bisoctrizole and titanium dioxide: in vitro and in vivo tests to evaluate safety and efficacy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4765-4774. [PMID: 35029052 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The harmful effects induced by ultraviolet exposition and the significant increment in skin cancer diagnosis confirm the necessity to develop effective and safe sunscreens. Limited efficacy and cutaneous adverse reactions of traditional formulations drove the incorporation of natural extracts into multifunctional sunscreens. Vaccinium myrtillus L. extract (VME), that contains anthocyanins and flavonoids, is a potential candidate for such systems. METHODS Considering that, we performed in vitro and in vivo tests to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF), photostability and safety of sunscreen samples containing VME. RESULTS As main results, the SPF was reduced in both in vitro and in vivo evaluation in the presence of VME, nonetheless, the samples were photostable and safe. CONCLUSION Further investigation is required to better understand the unexpected effects of VME over photoprotection, decreasing the SPF value. As a conclusion, even with interesting findings, we highlight the importance of case-by-case investigations to develop multifunctional bioactive sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruscinc
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucía Morocho-Jácome
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Miliani Martinez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Among photosynthetic microorganisms, Cyanobacteria and Microalgae species have been highly studied thank to their high value-added compounds for several industrial applications. Thus, their production is increasing in the last decade to produce raw material for cosmetics. In fact, the daily routine includes the use of cosmetics and sunscreens to protect against the environmental changes, mainly the increment of ultraviolet (UV) radiation rate with a consequent skin damage and premature aging due to this overexposure. As it is well discussed, chemical UV filters are extensively incorporated into sunscreens formulas; however, they can induce allergenic reactions as well. For these reasons, some pigments derived from microalgae, such as astaxanthin, lutein, β-carotene as well as other biocompounds are now well described in the literature as well as biotechnologically manufactured as natural ingredients to be incorporated into skin care products with multifunctional benefits even for sunscreen purposes. Hence, this investigation summarizes the recent studies about the main pigments from photosynthetic microorganisms' biomasses as well as their uses in dermocosmetics with novel attributes, such as anti-aging agents, makeups, skin lightening and whitening, among others.
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Meyer PF, Silva RMVD, Carreiro EDM, Borges FDS, Silva FRDC, Vieira BHDA, Maia RR, Queiroga Farias SL, Soares CD, Rodrigues J, Pasqual GF. Analysis of immediate use of sunscreen after microneedling. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:521-529. [PMID: 34080246 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microneedling promotes skin microlesions that lead to an inflammatory process, increasing cell proliferation, cell metabolism, and synthesis of collagen and elastin, therefore restoring skin integrity. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the differences between the physical and the physical-chemical sunscreen application after microneedling, assessed through histological analysis. METHOD This was a two-phase study. The first phase investigated the physical and physical-chemical sunscreen penetration mixed with India ink through histological analysis. The sunscreens were applied after the microleakage in vivo on the skin of a volunteer who underwent abdominoplasty 24 hours after the procedure. Histological analyses were carried out using optical and electron microscopy. The second phase analysed the skin reactions with the use of physical sunscreen after different microneedling treatments. The sample consisted of 30 volunteers distributed into three groups: G1 received the "Roller" microneedling, G2 received pen micropuncture treatment, and G3 received the fractional radiofrequency treatment. RESULTS The histological analyses of the first phase indicated that the physical-chemical protection sunscreen penetrated more deeply, and pigment was found among the collagen fibres and the dermal fibroblast cytoplasm in comparison to the physical protection sunscreen, which had the pigment confined exclusively in the superficial epidermis layer. The second phase results demonstrated that the use of the physical protection sunscreen after the different microneedling techniques showed no adverse reactions such as itching, pain or soreness, and the hyperaemia. CONCLUSION The proposed intervention showed that the use of physical protection sunscreen after different microneedling procedures is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Froes Meyer
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Rio Grande do Norte University Centre (UNIRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Marcel Valentim da Silva
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Estácio de Sá University, Natal, Brazil.,Maurício de Nassau University, Natal, Brazil
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15
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A Study of Botulinum Toxin A for Ultraviolet-Induced Hyperpigmentation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:e174-e178. [PMID: 33731570 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) exposure contributes to skin hyperpigmentation. Recently, botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) showed a promising protective effect on UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in both in vitro and animal models. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of BoNT-A against UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in human subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was performed in 15 healthy participants. Four separate square areas on the abdomen were randomly injected intradermally with different dilutions of BoNT-A (1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7.5) and normal saline (control). Two weeks after injection, hyperpigmented spots were induced by UVB irradiation at the experimental sites. The lightness index and hyperpigmentation scores from blinded physician and participants were evaluated. RESULTS Fifteen participants completed the study. One week after UVB irradiation, all BoNT-A-treated sites had a significantly lower degree of hyperpigmentation than the control site in lightness index and hyperpigmentation scores from blinded physician and participants (p < .05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between different concentrations of BoNT-A. No side effects were observed throughout the study period. CONCLUSION Intradermal BoNT-A injection provided a protective effect from UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. It may be used for other hyperpigmentation disorders that are aggravated by UVB.
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16
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Sunscreens and their usefulness: have we made any progress in the last two decades? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:189-244. [PMID: 33721254 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens have now been around for decades to mitigate the Sun's damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation which, although essential for the existence of life, is a recognized prime carcinogen. Accordingly, have suncreams achieved their intended purposes towards protection against sunburns, skin photo-ageing and the like? Most importantly, however, have they provided the expected protection against skin cancers that current sunscreen products claim to do? In the last two decades, there have been tens, if not hundreds of studies on sunscreens with respect to skin protection against UVB (280‒320 nm)-traditionally sunscreens with rather low sun protection factors (SPF) were intended to protect against this type of radiation-and UVA (320‒400 nm) radiation; a distinction between SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) is made. Many of the studies of the last two decades have focused on protection against the more skin-penetrating UVA radiation. This non-exhaustive article reviews some of the important facets of what is currently known about sunscreens with regard (i) to the physical UV filters titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) and the mostly photo-unstable chemical UVB/UVA filters (e.g., octinoxate (OMC) and avobenzone (AVO), among others), (ii) to novel chemical sunscreen agents, (iii) to means that minimize the breakdown of chemical filters and improve their stability when exposed to UV sunlight, (iv) to SPF factors, and (v) to a short discussion on non-melanoma skin cancers and melanoma. Importantly, throughout the article we allude to the safety aspects of sunscreens and at the end ask the question: do active ingredients in sunscreen products pose a risk to human health, and what else can be done to enhance protection? Significant loss of skin protection from two well-known commercial suncreams when exposed to simulated UV sunlight. Cream I: titanium dioxide, ethylhexyl triazone, avobenzone, and octinoxate; Cream II: octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate.
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17
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Romanhole RC, Fava ALM, Tundisi LL, Macedo LMD, Santos ÉMD, Ataide JA, Mazzola PG. Unplanned absorption of sunscreen ingredients: Impact of formulation and evaluation methods. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:120013. [PMID: 33132151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Permeation of sunscreens agents reduces its effectiveness and safety, leading to systemic circulation and causing unknown adverse effects. In order to maintain the sunscreen efficacy and safety, the filters must stay on the skin surface, with minimum penetration through dermis. Even facing the possibility of filters permeation, the use of sunscreen is important to avoid skin damage as erythema, free-radicals formation, skin ageing and skin cancer, caused by ultraviolet radiation. Aiming potential side effects caused by topical absorption of sunscreens, studies are carried to improve formulation characteristics and stability, reduce skin permeation and evaluate sun protections factor (SPF). Current assays to detect the permeation of sunscreens involve in vivo or in vitro studies, to simulate physiological conditions of use. The aim of this review is to revisit sunscreen skin permeation data over the last decade and the factors that can enhance skin permeation or improve the sunscreen efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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18
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Bhattacharya S, Sherje AP. Development of resveratrol and green tea sunscreen formulation for combined photoprotective and antioxidant properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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New potential and characterization of Andrographis paniculata L. Ness plant extracts as photoprotective agent. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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20
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Hübner AA, Sarruf FD, Oliveira CA, Neto AV, Fischer DCH, Kato ETM, Lourenço FR, Baby AR, Bacchi EM. Safety and Photoprotective Efficacy of a Sunscreen System Based on Grape Pomace ( Vitis vinifera L.) Phenolics from Winemaking. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1148. [PMID: 33260841 PMCID: PMC7761385 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In winemaking, a large amount of grape pomace is produced that is rich in polyphenolics and highly beneficial for human health, as phenols are useful for skin ultraviolet (UV) protection. In this investigation, we evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy of a sunscreen system containing a grape pomace extract from Vitis vinifera L. as a bioactive ingredient. The recovery of phenolics in the waste was performed by percolation. Nine emulsions were developed using a factorial design and two were evaluated clinically: Formulation E, containing only UV filters (butylmethoxydibenzoyl methane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA), and F, with the extract at 10.0% w/w + UV filters. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay and the in vitro efficacy was established by sun protection factor (SPF) measurements (Labsphere UV-2000S). Clinical tests were performed to determine safety (human repeated insult patch test) and to confirm efficacy (photoprotective effectiveness in participants). The results showed a synergistic effect between the sunscreen system and the extract on UVB protection and antioxidant activity. Both samples were considered safe. Formulation F was 20.59% more efficient in protecting skin against UVB radiation, taking approximately 21% more time to induce erythema compared to the extract-free sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Hübner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.A.H.); (C.A.O.); (A.V.N.); (D.C.H.F.); (E.T.M.K.); (F.R.L.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Fernanda D. Sarruf
- IPclin—Institute of Integrated Clinical Research, Jundiai 13200-000, Brazil;
| | - Camila A. Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.A.H.); (C.A.O.); (A.V.N.); (D.C.H.F.); (E.T.M.K.); (F.R.L.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Alberto V. Neto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.A.H.); (C.A.O.); (A.V.N.); (D.C.H.F.); (E.T.M.K.); (F.R.L.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Dominique C. H. Fischer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.A.H.); (C.A.O.); (A.V.N.); (D.C.H.F.); (E.T.M.K.); (F.R.L.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Edna T. M. Kato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.A.H.); (C.A.O.); (A.V.N.); (D.C.H.F.); (E.T.M.K.); (F.R.L.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Felipe R. Lourenço
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.A.H.); (C.A.O.); (A.V.N.); (D.C.H.F.); (E.T.M.K.); (F.R.L.); (E.M.B.)
| | - André Rolim Baby
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.A.H.); (C.A.O.); (A.V.N.); (D.C.H.F.); (E.T.M.K.); (F.R.L.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Elfriede M. Bacchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.A.H.); (C.A.O.); (A.V.N.); (D.C.H.F.); (E.T.M.K.); (F.R.L.); (E.M.B.)
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21
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Paiva JP, Diniz RR, Leitão AC, Cabral LM, Fortunato RS, Santos BAMC, de Pádula M. Insights and controversies on sunscreen safety. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:707-723. [PMID: 33064037 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1826899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although sunlight provides several benefits, ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in the development of various skin damages such as erythema, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Despite cells having endogenous defense systems, damaged DNA may not be efficiently repaired at chronic exposure. In this sense, it is necessary to use artificial defense strategies such as sunscreen formulations. UV filters should scatter, reflect, or absorb solar UV radiation in order to prevent direct or indirect DNA lesions. However, the safety of UV filters is a matter of concern due to several controversies reported in literature, such as endocrine alterations, allergies, increased oxidative stress, phototoxic events, among others. Despite these controversies, the way in which sunscreens are tested is essential to ensure safety. Sunscreen regulation includes mandatory test for phototoxicity, but photogenotoxicity testing is not recommended as a part of the standard photosafety testing program. Although available photobiological tests are still the first approach to assess photosafety, they are limited. Some existing tests do not always provide reliable results, mainly due to limitations regarding the nature of the assessed phototoxic effect, cell UV sensitivity, and the irradiation protocols. These aspects bring queries regarding the safety of sunscreen wide use and suggest the demand for the development of robust and efficient in vitro screening tests to overcome the existing limitations. In this way, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has stood out as a promising model to fill the gaps in photobiology and to complete the mandatory tests enabling a more extensive and robust photosafety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P Paiva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raiane R Diniz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular (Radmol), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Sinalização Redox, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca A M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ex vivo penetration analysis and anti-inflammatory efficacy of the association of ferulic acid and UV filters. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 156:105578. [PMID: 32998032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unprotected chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation generates many harmful effects to human skin and sunscreens are essential to health, however, traditional products do not provide enough protection against cutaneous oxidative stress, a process amplified by UV radiation. Therefore, the development of multifunctional photoprotective formulations seems to be a more efficacious approach, since these enable the absorption/reflection of UV radiation and maintain the cutaneous homeostasis. OBJECTIVES In the present study, ferulic acid (FA), a well-known antioxidant, has been combined with two UV filters, bemotrizinol and ethylhexyl triazone, and the safety and efficacy of this formulation has been assessed combining ex vivo and in vivo methods. METHODS Skin permeation assays were performed by applying the formulation in the volar forearm of participants, after which consecutive samples of the stratum corneum were collected by tape stripping, and the quantification of FA, bemotrizinol and ethylhexyl triazone was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, the FA anti-inflammatory action in combination with the UV filters was probed through a method employing Laser Doppler flowmetry to measure the vasodilatory response to methyl nicotinate topical application. RESULTS Skin permeation assay was able to characterize the penetration depth of each substance. It should also be noted that a specific HPLC analytical method was developed in this study to enable the rapid simultaneous quantification of the three substances. Results from Laser Doppler flowmetry showed that the FA was able to mitigate the vasodilatory response. CONCLUSIONS FA proved to be a valuable resource in a multifunction sunscreen, not only providing an increase in the SPF of sunscreens, previously published, but also decreasing the extent of inflammation.
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Nery ÉM, Martinez RM, Velasco MVR, Baby AR. A short review of alternative ingredients and technologies of inorganic UV filters. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1061-1065. [PMID: 32858778 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing need to use sunscreens is a concrete reality, and it is associated with the increase in the population's awareness of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage. Inorganic UV filters promote the formation of particles/pigments film over the skin surface, reflecting, dispersing, and absorbing the radiation. Investigations of this class of filters demonstrate the emergence of alternative ingredients and new technologies. AIMS AND METHODS In this review, we presented potential candidates for alternative UV inorganic filters, such as hydroxyapatite, cerium dioxide, and hydrotalcite. RESULTS Specialized literature identified hydroxyapatite and cerium dioxide as actives with good performances, with a broad spectrum of absorption against UV radiation. Both of them were considered safe against degradation and skin erythema formation. Inorganic compounds as an alternative to circumvent degradation problems of organic UV filters containing PABA were also analyzed, with hydrotalcite having a good performance in improving the performance of classic ingredients, bypassing photoinstability, and improving safety, in addition to preventing skin irritability. CONCLUSION Further investigations of these ingredients and interactions with sunscreen formulations are necessary to overall explore their safety and efficacy, encouraging future researches for more inorganic UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Minuci Nery
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Miliani Martinez
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Morocho-Jácome AL, Freire TB, de Oliveira AC, de Almeida TS, Rosado C, Velasco MVR, Baby AR. In vivo SPF from multifunctional sunscreen systems developed with natural compounds-A review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:729-737. [PMID: 32649016 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of sunscreens is mandatory, especially in countries with high ultraviolet (UV) incidence. In consequence, there has been a growing interest in using compounds from natural sources to develop new multifunctional products that protect human skin from the consequences of UV exposition. Even though there are in vitro methods to determine anti-UV efficacy, it is still required to test photoprotection activity on human skin to validate product performance. AIM AND METHODS In this review, we summarized all reported clinical studies about sun protection factor (SPF) measurements of sunscreens with natural compounds. We also discussed the probable action mechanism of those actives. RESULTS Herein, we provided an overview on recent studies concerning photoprotection activity of compounds from natural sources, for example, rutin, ferulic acid, caffeine, shea butter, and plant extracts, mainly presented in sunscreen systems with efficacy clinically established by SPF. CONCLUSION Our review suggested that even when the in vivo SPF evaluation has inherent difficulties, it is essential to assure the real efficacy of sunscreens. Furthermore, the incorporation of natural compounds could enhance the in vivo SPF values of such sunscreens by different mechanisms. Finally, some compounds derived from natural resources with skin benefits could be used as "green"/natural UV filters that provide broad-spectrum sunscreens with further upgrading of the multifunctional dermocosmetic formulation to enhance aesthetics and even skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucía Morocho-Jácome
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamires Batello Freire
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tânia Santos de Almeida
- CBIOS-Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS-Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vaz VVA, Jardim da Silva L, Geihs MA, Maciel FE, Nery LEM, Vargas MA. Single and repeated low-dose UVB radiation exposures affect the visual system. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111941. [PMID: 32629396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The visual system is an important biological indicator of effects induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, research has extensively investigated the effects of high-dose UV radiation in a single exposure, thus, the differential of this work was to investigate the effects of UVB radiation in low doses in single and repeated exposure. Therefore, we investigated the effects of repeated exposure to environmental UVB doses (0.09 J/cm2) on the retina and optic lobes of the crab Neohelice granulata. We evaluated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) levels, catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels and performed histological analysis. The crabs were exposed to UVB radiation for 1 or 60 days, while the control group was exposed to visible light. In the retina region, increases in ROS concentration and CAT and GST activities after the single exposure were observed. After 60 days of exposure, we observed an increase in ACAP levels. In the optic lobes, we observed an increase in GST activity and a decrease in LPO levels after the single exposure. However, we observed an increase in ROS concentration after 60 days of exposure. Moreover, after 60 days of exposure, infiltrating hemocytes in the retina and disorganization in neuron cell bodies of the external medulla were observed. In this sense, single and repeated exposure to low doses of UVB radiation induced changes in oxidative status and inflammatory process in the visual system of the crab Neohelice granulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmor Vinicius Araujo Vaz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandra Jardim da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alberto Geihs
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Everton Maciel
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Vargas
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Nicolai M, Mota J, Fernandes AS, Pereira F, Pereira P, P. Reis C, Robles Velasco MV, Baby AR, Rosado C, Rijo P. Assessment of the Potential Skin Application of Plectranthus ecklonii Benth. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13060120. [PMID: 32532114 PMCID: PMC7345374 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plectranthus ecklonii Benth. has widespread ethnobotanical use in African folk medicine for its medicinal properties in skin conditions. In this study, two different basic formulations containing P. ecklonii extracts were prepared, one in an organic solvent and the other using water. The aqueous extract only contained rosmarinic acid (RA) at 2.02 mM, and the organic extract contained RA and parvifloron D at 0.29 and 3.13 mM, respectively. RA in aqueous solution permeated skin; however, in P. ecklonii organic extract, this was not detected. Thus, P. ecklonii aqueous extract was further studied and combined with benzophenone-4, which elevated the sun protection factor (SPF) by 19.49%. No significant cytotoxic effects were observed from the aqueous extract. The Staphylococcus epidermidis strain was used to determine a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 10 µg·mL−1. The aqueous extract inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase by 59.14 ± 4.97%, and the IC50 value was 12.9 µg·mL−1. The association of the P. ecklonii extract with a UV filter substantially elevated its SPF efficacy. Following the multiple bioactivities of the extract and its active substances, a finished product could be claimed as a multifunctional cosmeceutical with broad skin valuable effects, from UV protection to antiaging action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Nicolai
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.S.F.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Joana Mota
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.S.F.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Ana S. Fernandes
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.S.F.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Filipe Pereira
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.S.F.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Paula Pereira
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.S.F.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (C.R.)
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina P. Reis
- iMed.ULisboa Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa—Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- IBEB, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Valéria Robles Velasco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo BEB, 580 Lineu Prestes Av., Bloco 15, São Paulo/SP 05508-900, Brazil; (M.V.R.V.); (A.R.B.)
| | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo BEB, 580 Lineu Prestes Av., Bloco 15, São Paulo/SP 05508-900, Brazil; (M.V.R.V.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.S.F.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.N.); (J.M.); (A.S.F.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (C.R.)
- iMed.ULisboa Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa—Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The skin is constantly exposed to various environmental stresses, in particular to the damage caused by pollution and ultraviolet radiation (UV), and as a consequence, the horny extract can be negatively impacted by the harmful influence of some of its surface components. The mechanisms involved in the degradation processes promoted by UV radiation are driven by the direct absorption of radiation via cellular chromophores, the formation of excited states and the consequent chemical reactions, or even by the photosensitization mechanisms, in which UV light is absorbed by the sensitizers that are excited and their reactions promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanisms of polluting agents are not yet fully understood, however, they indicate that one of the main mechanisms involved is oxidative stress by lipid peroxidation, with the ability to promote damage to the composition of sebum, the quality of the stratum corneum and also, promote aging skin. Recent studies demonstrate the potential of antioxidant agents, with an emphasis on products of natural origin, which try to promote the maintenance of the physiological balance of the skin.
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de Macedo LM, dos Santos ÉM, Militão L, Tundisi LL, Ataide JA, Souto EB, Mazzola PG. Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) and Its Topical Applications: A Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050651. [PMID: 32455585 PMCID: PMC7284349 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Topical application is an important administration route for drugs requiring local action on the skin, thereby avoiding their systemic absorption and adverse side effects. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (syn. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), popularly known as rosemary, is an aromatic plant with needle-like leaves belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Rosemary has therapeutic properties and has been used in the folk medicine, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, mainly for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of carnosol/carnosic and ursolic acids. The therapeutic use of rosemary has been explored for the treatment of inflammatory diseases; however, other uses have been studied, such as wound healing and skin cancer and mycoses treatments, among others. Besides it therapeutic uses, rosemary has potential applications in cosmetic formulations and in the treatment of pathological and non-pathological conditions, such as cellulite, alopecia, ultraviolet damage, and aging. This review aims to critically discuss the topical applications of rosemary found in the literature while also offering relevant information for the development of topical formulations of its bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucas Militão
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-871, Brazil; (L.M.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Louise Lacalendola Tundisi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-871, Brazil; (L.M.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-871, Brazil; (L.M.); (L.L.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.A.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Eliana Barbosa Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-871, Brazil; (L.M.); (L.L.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.A.); (P.G.M.)
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Abstract
Several topical products have been developed to avoid the harmful effects from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as sunscreens. Research for actives from natural sources is increasing due to the fact that chemical filters could induce adverse events. The microalgae Botryococcus braunii has potential interest in cosmetic applications. Specialized literature reported that B. braunii aqueous extract induced a reduction in skin dehydration and collagen production and promoted antioxidant activity. This research aimed to produce B. braunii biomass and to investigate its contribution regarding photoprotection. Formulations containing B. braunii dry biomass, with or without UV filters into vehicles composed of an emulsifying polymer or a self-emulsifying base, were evaluated in vitro by means of photoprotective activity and photostability. B. braunii dry biomass did not provide adequate photoprotection efficacy; however, it was observed that the self-emulsifying base promoted better sun protection factor (SPF) in comparison with the emulsifying polymer.
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da Silva Prade J, Bálsamo EC, Machado FR, Poetini MR, Bortolotto VC, Araújo SM, Londero L, Boeira SP, Sehn CP, de Gomes MG, Prigol M, Cattelan Souza L. Anti-inflammatory effect of Arnica montana in a UVB radiation-induced skin-burn model in mice. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:126-133. [PMID: 32183539 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1743998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: ultraviolet radiation types A and B (UV) (400-315nm and 315-280nm respectively) are the main components present in sunlight known to cause skin injuries. Arnica montana is a plant that has been widely studied for containing anti-inflammatory, healing and analgesic properties capable of preventing or ameliorating lesions. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of topical application of Arnica montana after UVB-induced cutaneous injuries in mice.Methods: mice were exposed to UVB radiation (Philips TL40W/12 RS lamp) in a period of 3 hours. After one hour of radiation exposure, the animals were treated with topical application of Arnica montana ointment (250 mg/g) in the ear. At the time of 16 hours after treatment, the parameters of edema, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction were measured in the ear of mice.Results: our results demonstrated that topical treatment with Arnica montana reduced the UVB-induced inflammatory response as demonstrated by the reduction of ear edema, inhibition of myeloperoxidase activation, decrease of nuclear factor kappa B levels and reduction of proinflammatory cytokines levels, such as interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. In addition, Arnica montana ameliorated oxidative damage mediated by UVB radiation, as demonstrated by the reduction of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and increase of tissue antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels in the ear.Conclusion: we concluded that Arnica montana ointment is effective in alleviating the auricular inflammatory process and oxidative damage induced by acute UVB radiation, sustaining the traditional use of Arnica montana for the treatment of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiéle da Silva Prade
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Eveline Costeira Bálsamo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Franciele Romero Machado
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rósula Poetini
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araújo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Larissa Londero
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Silvana Peterini Boeira
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Carla Pohl Sehn
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Gomes
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cattelan Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
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da Silva Pinheiro L, Souza de Medeiros TC, Valença CN, Ferreira Dantas DK, Paulo Dos Santos MA. Quality of life and work improvements according to community health agents. Rev Bras Med Trab 2020; 17:180-187. [PMID: 32270120 DOI: 10.5327/z1679443520190315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For acting at the level of the community and mediating between it and health services, the role of community health agents (CHA) is essential. For this reason, this occupational group needs satisfactory quality of life and working conditions to ensure their well-being and improve the quality of their work. On these grounds, the present study is justified as a means to reflect on the work process of this occupational group and enable suggestions for improvements. Objective To discuss strategies to improve CHA's quality of life and work. Methods Exploratory study with qualitative analysis conducted with CHA in Currais Novos, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Results Strategies suggested to improve quality of life and work focused on mental and physical aspects and the essential resources needed for work. Conclusion Discussions and sound grounds are needed for initiatives to improve the living and working conditions of CHA and thus achieve a positive impact on this population of workers, and consequently also on their daily actions.
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The Synergistic Behavior of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds Obtained from Winemaking Waste's Valorization, Increased the Efficacy of a Sunscreen System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110530. [PMID: 31703285 PMCID: PMC6912203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace retains polyphenols in the peels and in the seeds after winemaking, which is indicative of the high valorization potential of this industrial waste. There is strong evidence that phenolics are robust antioxidants and confer photoprotection; thus, it is rational to apply these active compounds from winemaking waste to sunscreens, in order to increase UV protection. Despite the importance of this class of cosmetics to public health, more efficacious strategies are still needed to overcome the problems caused by the photoinstability of some UV filters. The hydroethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera L. grapes was obtained by percolation and then lyophilized. Six formulations were developed: Type I—cosmetic base and UV filters; Type II—cosmetic base and extract; and Type III—cosmetic base, extract and UV filters. Each formulation was prepared in the pHs 5 and 7. The antioxidant activities of the samples were measured by DPPH• and expressed in Trolox® equivalents (TE), and their photostability and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) were analyzed by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. The anti-radical efficiencies observed in the formulations with grape extract were: (II) 590.12 ± 0.01 μmol TE g−1 at pH 5 and 424.51 ± 0.32 μmol TE g−1 at pH 7; (III) 550.88 ± 0.00 μmol TE g−1 at pH 5 and 429.66 ± 0.10 μmol TE g−1, at pH 7, demonstrating that the UV filters, butylmethoxydibenzoyl methane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and ethylhexyl dimethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid had no influence on this effect. The photoprotective efficacy and the photostability of formulation III containing the extract and UV filters at pH 5 suggested that a synergism between the active molecules provided an 81% increase in SPF. Additionally, this was the only sample that maintained a broad spectrum of protection after irradiation. These results confirmed that the grape pomace extract has multifunctional potential for cosmetic use, mainly in sunscreens, granting them superior performance.
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Evaluation of In Vitro Solar Protection Factor (SPF), Antioxidant Activity, and Cell Viability of Mixed Vegetable Extracts from Dirmophandra mollis Benth, Ginkgo biloba L., Ruta graveolens L., and Vitis vinífera L. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110453. [PMID: 31717792 PMCID: PMC6918343 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate a HPLC method for the assay of flavonoids in extracts obtained from natural sources, i.e., from Dirmophandra mollis Benth, Ginkgo biloba L., Ruta graveolens L., and Vitis vinífera L. The potential sun protecting effect, antioxidant activity, and cell viability of the extracts were also determined. Individual extracts (obtained from each individual species) and a mixed extract (containing the four extracts) were analyzed by the validated HPLC method for the identification of flavonoids and quantification of rutin and quercetin. An in vitro cell viability study was carried out using the neutral red method. The in vitro sun protection factor was determined by spectral transmittance and in vitro antioxidant efficacy was evaluated against DPPH, ABTS, and AAPH radicals. The HPLC method used for the identification and quantification of flavonoids in extracts exhibited linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. Detection and quantification limits were, respectively, 2.881 ± 0.9 μg·mL-1 and 0.864 ± 0.9 μg·mL-1 for quercetin, and 30.09 ± 1 μg·mL-1 and 9.027 ± 1.1 μg·mL-1 for rutin. All extracts did not affect cell viability at the evaluated concentration range and exhibited a sun protection effect and antioxidant activity. Among the evaluated extracts, Ginkgo biloba L. and the mixed extract depicted the most expressive antioxidant activity. The mixed extract exhibited sunscreen protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) and a critical wavelength of 372.7 ± 0.1. Our results translate the enhanced flavonoids' composition of the mixed extract, which may be a potential alternative over sunscreens and antioxidants in pharmaceutic/cosmetic formulations.
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Araújo FM, Carmo JAD, Cunha LD, Martins IML, Gon ADS, Caldeira AP. Development and validation of an instrument to assess the knowledge of general practitioners and pediatricians about photoprotection and solar radiation. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:532-541. [PMID: 31777353 PMCID: PMC6857560 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of general practitioners about photoprotection is unknown. OBJECTIVES To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the knowledge of general practitioners and pediatricians about photoprotection, gauging the knowledge of these professionals. METHODS The study followed the steps: (1) Literature identification and item elaboration related to the theme; (2) Content validation; (3) Apparent validation; (4) Construct validation: internal consistency analysis and discriminatory analysis; (5) Reliability analysis. In Step 4, the instrument was applied to 217 general practitioners and pediatricians who worked in the host city of the study; the scores were compared with dermatologists scores. RESULTS The final instrument had 41 items and showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.780), satisfactory reproducibility and good test-retest reliability (good-to-excellent kappa statistic in more than 60% of items). The discriminatory analysis registered a mean score of 54.1 points for dermatologists and 31.1 points for generalists and pediatricians, from a total of 82 possible points, representing a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Generalists and pediatricians demonstrated an understanding of the relationship between excessive sun exposure and skin cancer, but they revealed lack of technical information necessary for their professional practice. STUDY LIMITATIONS The instrument evaluates only knowledge, without evaluating the conduct of the participants. CONCLUSION The results show that the instrument has good internal consistency and good reproducibility. It could be useful in the identification of general practitioners and pediatricians knowledge gaps on the subject, for the subsequent development of training and educational strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mendes Araújo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dermatology, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Letícia Diniz Cunha
- School of Medicine, Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Igor Monteiro Lima Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Airton Dos Santos Gon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dermatology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Antônio Prates Caldeira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
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Phototoxicity of environmental radiations in human lens: revisiting the pathogenesis of UV-induced cataract. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:2065-2077. [PMID: 31227898 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of cataract pathology is indeed significant as it is the principal cause of blindness worldwide. Also, the prominence of this concept escalates with the current aging population. The burden of the disease is more tangible in developing countries than developed ones. Regarding this concern, there is a gap in classifying the pathogenesis of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced cataracts and explaining the possible cellular and subcellular pathways. In this review, we aim to revisit the effect of UV radiation on cataracts categorizing the cellular pathways involved. This may help for better pharmaceutical treatment alternatives and their wide-reaching availability. Also, in the last section, we provide an overview of the protecting agents utilized as UV shields. Further studies are required to enlighten new treatment modalities for UV radiation-induced pathologies in human lens.
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Nawaz M, Khan HMS, Akhtar N, Jamshed T, Qaiser R, Shoukat H, Farooq M. Photodamage and Photoprotection: An
In vivo
Approach Using Noninvasive Probes. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1243-1248. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Nawaz
- Faculty of pharmacy and alternative medicine The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan
- Faculty of pharmacy and alternative medicine The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Faculty of pharmacy and alternative medicine The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Talha Jamshed
- Faculty of pharmacy and alternative medicine The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Rubina Qaiser
- Faculty of pharmacy and alternative medicine The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Hina Shoukat
- Faculty of pharmacy and alternative medicine The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Mehrin Farooq
- Faculty of pharmacy and alternative medicine The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
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Almuqati RR, Alamri AS, Almuqati NR. Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward sun exposure and use of sun protection among non-medical, female, university students in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019; 5:105-109. [PMID: 30997383 PMCID: PMC6451762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive unprotected sun exposure is a significant risk factor for skin damage and skin cancers. In recent decades, the incidence of skin cancer has increased dramatically worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and the ninth most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia. Sun protection is a key primary preventive strategy against skin cancer and skin damage induced by sun exposure. Herein, a cross-sectional study was made to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward sun exposure, and the use of sun protection among non-medical female students on the Sulaymaniyah campus of the King Abdul-Aziz University. Also, we identified the reasons that prevented the students from using sun protection measures. A special-designed, self-administered questionnaire was applied on a sample size of 501 students. We found that most students were aware of the risks of unprotected sun exposure. Nevertheless, a view of sunscreen as harmful was reported (34.1%). Seeking shade and wearing protective clothing were the most used sun protection methods (58.1% and 43.1%, respectively). Sunscreen users made up only one third of our sample (23.6%). However, the majority of students (64.9%) did not know about the sun protection factor of sunscreen products. Discomfort felt on the skin was the most commonly reported reason for avoiding the use of sunscreen (40.7%). When comparing our study with Western studies, we found a high level of awareness among our sample of students. Significant differences in the attitude toward the application of suntan and sun protection products might be due to differences in cultural background. Our results spotted the need for future health education programs for our society that focus on the significant importance of sunscreen, as well as the correct methods of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Ruddah Almuqati
- Dermatology Department, Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding Author.
| | - Ali Saeed Alamri
- Dermatology Department, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cefali LC, Ataide JA, Eberlin S, da Silva Gonçalves FC, Fernandes AR, Marto J, Ribeiro HM, Foglio MA, Mazzola PG, Souto EB. In vitro SPF and Photostability Assays of Emulsion Containing Nanoparticles with Vegetable Extracts Rich in Flavonoids. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 20:9. [PMID: 30560393 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of study was to determine the in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) and the photostability profile of a topical formulation composed of nanoparticles loaded with vegetable extracts and to assess its physicochemical properties. Chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles loaded with flavonoids-enriched vegetable extracts (Ginkgo biloba L., Dimorphandra mollis Benth, Ruta graveolens, and Vitis vinifera L.) were produced and characterized for their morphology, mean particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. A final topical formulation was obtained by dispersing chitosan/TPP nanoparticles in an o/w emulsion. Results showed that nanoparticles dispersion exhibited yellowish color, spherical shape, and uniform appearance. Extract-loaded chitosan/TPP nanoparticles showed a mean particle size of 557.11 ± 3.1 nm, polydispersity index of 0.39 ± 0.27, zeta potential of + 11.54 ± 2.1 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 75.89% of rutin. The recorded texture parameters confirm that the developed formulation is appropriate for skin application. The SPF obtained was 2.3 ± 0.4, with a critical wavelength of 387.0 nm and 0.69 UVA/UVB ratio. The developed formulation exhibited photostability, allowing the release of flavonoids from nanoparticles while retaining rutin into the skin in a higher extension.
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Saito P, Melo CPB, Martinez RM, Fattori V, Cezar TLC, Pinto IC, Bussmann AJC, Vignoli JA, Georgetti SR, Baracat MM, Verri WA, Casagrande R. The Lipid Mediator Resolvin D1 Reduces the Skin Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by UV Irradiation in Hairless Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1242. [PMID: 30429790 PMCID: PMC6220064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UV irradiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the development of skin diseases. Therefore, targeting oxidative stress and inflammation might contribute to reduce skin diseases. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a bioactive metabolite generated during inflammation to actively orchestrate the resolution of inflammation. However, the therapeutic potential of RvD1 in UVB skin inflammation remains undetermined, which was, therefore, the aim of the present study. The intraperitoneal treatment with RvD1 (3-100 ng/mouse) reduced UVB irradiation-induced skin edema, myeloperoxidase activity, matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity, and reduced glutathione depletion with consistent effects observed with the dose of 30 ng/mouse, which was selected to the following experiments. RvD1 inhibited UVB reduction of catalase activity, and hydroperoxide formation, superoxide anion production, and gp91phox mRNA expression. RvD1 also increased the Nrf2 and its downstream targets NQO1 and HO-1 mRNA expression. Regarding cytokines, RvD1 inhibited UVB-induced production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-33, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10. These immuno-biochemical alterations by RvD1 treatment had as consequence the reduction of UVB-induced epidermal thickness, sunburn and mast cell counts, and collagen degradation. Therefore, RvD1 inhibited UVB-induced skin oxidative stress and inflammation, rendering this resolving lipid mediator as a promising therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Saito
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Cristina P. B. Melo
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Renata M. Martinez
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Talita L. C. Cezar
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ingrid C. Pinto
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Allan J. C. Bussmann
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Josiane A. Vignoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sandra R. Georgetti
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcela M. Baracat
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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Cefali LC, de Oliveira DCB, Franzini CM, Ataíde JA, Moriel P, Mazzola PG. Development and evaluation of microencapsulated sunscreen. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1385481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Maria Franzini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Center Herminio Ometto (Uniararas), Araras, Campinas/Sao Paulo
| | - Janaína Artem Ataíde
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo/Brazil
| | - Patrícia Moriel
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo/Brazil
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo/Brazil
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Zaid AN, Jaradat N, Darwish S, Nairat S, Shamlawi R, Hamad Y, Hussein F, Issa L. Assessment of the general quality of sunscreen products available in Palestine and method verification of the sun protection factor using Food and Drug Administration guidelines. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:1122-1129. [PMID: 29377413 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunlight exposure affects all skin types causing skin tanning, burns or even skin cancer. Sunscreens were invented to prevent these outcomes by scattering or absorbing the UV light. AIMS This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of Mansur method in SPF measurement and to find out how much reliable the labeled sun protection factor (SPF) value for the products that are imported to Palestine knowing that they are considered as cosmetics and they don't undergo tests by the Ministry Of Health (MOH). MATERIALS In this research, sun protection factor (SPF) was determined for 16 commercially available sunscreen products using Mansur equation which was also validated; moreover sunscreen classification, product phase determination and pH measurement were also done. RESULTS Sun protection factor values were mostly 50, 43.75% of the analyzed samples were close to the labeled SPF, 31.25% were under the labeled value, and 25% SPF value above the labeled value. All samples exhibited a pH close to skin pH. 62% of them were found to be O/W. Cosmetic companies and importers should focus on pediatric sunscreens, since only 12.5% are pediatric sunscreens. CONCLUSIONS Ministry Of Health should ask prove about the quality of an SPF value of sunscreens for final registration of these products. More instructions should be available on the label regarding the proper use especially, if they are not water proof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Naser Zaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Saja Darwish
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sura Nairat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rawan Shamlawi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Yasmeen Hamad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Fatema Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Linda Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Belletti Mutt Urasaki M. Conhecimento, atitude e prática da equipe de saúde sobre melasma na gravidez. AVANCES EN ENFERMERÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/av.enferm.v36n1.58896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to study health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on melasma (skin discoloration) in pregnancy.Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2012 to March 2013 in two distinct stages, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. 61 health professionals from five basic health-care units on the east side of São Paulo who attend to pregnant women participated in the first phase, answering a questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions. Nine of these professionals were also interviewed. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using a descriptive statistical method and the interviews were subjected to a the thematic content analysis.Results: the average number of wrong answers to questions about the causes, prevention and treatment of melasma was greater than 50%. 52.4% of the respondents thought that skin blemishes do not affect the quality of life of the patients and regarded the condition as a simple problem. Skin care during pregnancy was thought to be of minor importance. Most of them do not deal with this subject in consultations with the patients.Conclusion: the staffs’ knowledge of melasma and its psychosocial consequences proved to be poor, with little concern about this problem, primarily because of the low morbidity rate. The teams should be trained about the importance of this condition.
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Martić R, Krajišnik D, Milić J. Antioxidants of plant origin in cosmetic products: Physicochemical properties and photoprotective potential. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1801001m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Peres DD, Hubner A, Oliveira CAD, Almeida TSD, Kaneko TM, Consiglieri VO, Pinto CASDO, Velasco MVR, Baby AR. Hydrolyzed collagen interferes with in vitro photoprotective effectiveness of sunscreens. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000216119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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45
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Photostability study of commercial sunscreens submitted to artificial UV irradiation and/or fluorescent radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:45-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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46
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Martins FJ, Caneschi CA, Vieira JL, Barbosa W, Raposo NR. Antioxidant activity and potential photoprotective from amazon native flora extracts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Cefali LC, Ataide JA, Moriel P, Foglio MA, Mazzola PG. Plant-based active photoprotectants for sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:346-53. [PMID: 26919163 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to the sun's radiation is the major exogenous mediator of skin damage, which accelerates skin ageing and increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Compounds with photoprotectant activity are extremely useful for decreasing the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin; however, numerous sun filters, especially organic sunscreens, are allergenic. Therefore, the development of formulations containing plant extracts, which may be potentially safer, is extensively being explored. Plant-based cosmetics are commonly used to avoid skin ageing because they contain antioxidant agents that minimize free radical activity, and numerous studies have investigated the skin-protectant effects of related plant species. In addition to their antioxidant properties, plant-based cosmetics protect the skin against solar radiation because they contain polyphenols such as flavonoids and carotenoids. Therefore, this study aims to present a review of plant species commonly used in sunscreens to protect the skin against damage due to sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Cefali
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Technology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - J A Ataide
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - P Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - M A Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - P G Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
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48
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Kuhn A, Wenzel J, Bijl M. Lupus erythematosus revisited. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:97-112. [PMID: 26637330 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity. The exact pathomechanisms and interactions resulting in the inflammatory and immunological processes of this heterogeneous disease remain elusive. Approaches in the understanding of the pathomechanisms revealed that the clinical expression of LE is predisposed by susceptibility genes and that various environmental factors are responsible for an abnormal immune response. Several studies demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) light is one of the major factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Standardized photoprovocation in patients with LE has been shown to be a safe and efficient model for evaluating the underlying pathomechanisms which lead to the production of autoantibodies and immune complexes. In particular, interferons were defined as important players in the early activation of the immune system and were observed to play a specific role in the immunological interface between the innate and the adaptive immune system. Abnormalities or disturbances in the different processes of cell death, such as apoptosis or necrosis, have also been recognized as crucial in the pathogenesis of LE. Although each process is different and characterized by unique features, the processes are interrelated and result in a complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Kuhn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Bijl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
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Trossini GHG, Maltarollo VG, Garcia RD, Pinto CASO, Velasco MVR, Honorio KM, Baby AR. Theoretical study of tautomers and photoisomers of avobenzone by DFT methods. J Mol Model 2015; 21:319. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Oliveira CAD, Peres DD, Graziola F, Chacra NAB, Araújo GLBD, Flórido AC, Mota J, Rosado C, Velasco MVR, Rodrigues LM, Fernandes AS, Baby AR. Cutaneous biocompatible rutin-loaded gelatin-based nanoparticles increase the SPF of the association of UVA and UVB filters. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 81:1-9. [PMID: 26428697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of natural ingredients, such as rutin, can offer improvements in sun protection effectiveness. This strategy can provide enhanced flavonoid content and produces an improved bioactive compound with new physical and functional characteristics. As an alternative to common synthetic-based sunscreens, rutin-entrapped gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were designed and associated with ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (EHDP), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) in sunscreen formulations. The purpose of this study was to develop rutin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles and characterize their physicochemical, thermal, functional and safety properties. Rutin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles increased antioxidant activity by 74% relative to free-rutin (FR) solution. Also, this new ingredient upgraded the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) by 48%, indicating its potential as a raw material for bioactive sunscreens. The safety profile indicated that GNPs and glutaraldehyde (GTA) decreased HaCaT cell viability in a concentration/time-dependent manner. However, both blank nanoparticles (B-NC) and rutin-loaded nanoparticles (R-NC) had good performance on skin compatibility tests. These results functionally characterized rutin-loaded nanoparticles as a safe SPF enhancer in sunscreens, especially in association with UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Areias de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniela D'Almeida Peres
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Graziola
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nádia Araci Bou Chacra
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lima Barros de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Flórido
- CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Mota
- CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Valéria Robles Velasco
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Monteiro Rodrigues
- CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Rolim Baby
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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