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Fernandes IL, Guimarães RA, Lucchese R, Vera I, de Brito RP, Ramos CB, Marinho TA, Nunes PS, Diniz-Pinto HS, Amorim TA. Epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in truck drivers. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:108. [PMID: 36629700 PMCID: PMC9749732 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in a sample of truck drivers in Brazil. METHODS Between 2015 and 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 truck drivers who operate on the BR-050 highway in Brazil. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, mental health, behavioral data, and tobacco use. Then, the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to verify nicotine dependence in smoking truck drivers. Logistic regression and linear regression were also used to verify factors associated with tobacco use in the previous 30 days and nicotine dependence scores, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of tobacco use among truck drivers was 21.1% (n = 132;95%CI: 18.1-24.5). Of the total number of smokers who responded to the FTND (n = 118; 89.4%), most had high/very high nicotinic dependence (68.6%; 95%CI: 59.8-76.3). Tobacco use was associated with absence of religion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.60; 95%CI: 1.35-5.01), employment relationship of the contract (AOR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.26-3.13); > 12 hours daily working time (AOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.09-2.98) and alcohol use in the previous 30 days (AOR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.86-4.57). Irregular physical activity was associated with higher scores of nicotine dependence (β = 1.87; 95%CI: 0.55-3.19). CONCLUSION The results showed a high prevalence of tobacco use and high/very high nicotine dependence among the truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaina Lara Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de GoiásFaculdade de EnfermagemGoiâniaGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás. Faculdade de Enfermagem. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil,Universidade Federal de GoiásInstituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde PúblicaGoiâniaGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Roselma Lucchese
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Ivânia Vera
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Rodolfo Pereira de Brito
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Camila Borges Ramos
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Tamíris Augusto Marinho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de GoiásGoiâniaGoiásBrasilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Silva Nunes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de GoiásGoiâniaGoiásBrasilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Henrique Senna Diniz-Pinto
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Thiago Aquino Amorim
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
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Abreu ÂMM, Costa RMFD, Jomar RT, Portela LF. Factors associated with psychoactive substance use among professional truck drivers. Rev Bras Enferm 2022; 75Suppl 3:e20210187. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances among professional truck drivers. Methods: cross-sectional study that investigated the use of at least one psychoactive substance and its association with sociodemographic, occupational, and health characteristics in 354 professional truck drivers. Researchers collected data through face-to-face interviews using forms. Multiple regression analyzes estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: lower family income (PR: 2.03; 95%CI: 1.08-3.83), symptoms of insomnia (PR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.46-3.26), and long working hours (PR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.30-2.92) independently associated with the use of at least one psychoactive substance. Conclusions: a set of sociodemographic, occupational, and health variables acts at distinct levels and is independently associated with the use of psychoactive substances among professional truck drivers.
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Pereira MM, Mansur ADP, Takada JY, Leyton V. Demographic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Drug Use in Truck Drivers in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094927. [PMID: 34066305 PMCID: PMC8124373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the association between risk factors for the health of truck drivers and previous use of illicit drugs. A cross-sectional study examined the data from 2071 truck drivers between 2010 and 2016. Demographic variables, risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the use of illicit drugs were analyzed. The stepwise logistic regression model was used for the adjusted analysis. The dependent variable was the previous use of illicit drugs, and independent variables were those with p < 0.1 at a bivariate analysis. The average age of the truck drivers was 42.27 ± 11.07 years, and the previous use of illicit drugs was reported or detected in 388 (18.7%) drivers. Compared to non-users, drug users were younger (37.25 ± 9.45 vs. 43.43 ± 11.1 years; p < 0.001) and single (43.3% vs. 28.4%; p < 0.001). The independent variables for illicit drugs were age (OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95; p < 0.001)), smoking (OR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39-3.44; p = 0.001)), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.626 (95% CI: 1.06-2.49; p = 0.026)) and driving hours per day (OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.15; p = 0.012)). Users of illicit drugs had multiple risk factors for CVD and traffic accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Moura Pereira
- Oscar Freire Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05405-150, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Antonio de Padua Mansur
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-98536-3040
| | - Julio Yoshio Takada
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Vilma Leyton
- Oscar Freire Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05405-150, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (V.L.)
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Validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 16 drugs and metabolites in hair in the context of driving license granting. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 315:110428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Girotto E, Loch MR, Mesas AE, González AD, Guidoni CM, Andrade SMD. [Unhealthy eating habits and associated risk factors among truck drivers]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:1011-1023. [PMID: 32159670 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020253.11402018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to identify risk factors associated with unhealthy eating habits among truck drivers. It involved a cross-sectional study carried out with truck drivers individually interviewed at the Port of Paranaguá in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Information was obtained on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, fried salted food, sweetened beverages, and the removal of visible fat from red meat and of skin from chicken meat. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were applied to identify factors associated with unhealthy eating habits. Of those interviewed (n = 670), 53.1% had four or more unhealthy eating habits. This condition was associated with age less than 40 years (prevalence ratio, PR = 1.49; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.28-1.73), moderate, low or very low ability to exercise the profession (PR 1.28; 95% CI 1.08-1.52), not taking physical exercise in free time (PR = 1.66; 95%CI = 1.38- 2.00), overall self-reported eating habits as poor or very poor (RP = 1.25; IC95% = 1.05-1.49) and body mass index < 25 Kg/m2 (PR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.05-1.43). More than half of the truck drivers revealed unhealthy eating habits, highlighting the need for strategies to rectify these habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmarlon Girotto
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL). Av. Robert Kock 60, Operária. 86038-350, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | - Camilo Molino Guidoni
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL). Av. Robert Kock 60, Operária. 86038-350, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
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Moreira MR, Ribeiro JM, Motta CT, Motta JIJ. Mortality by road traffic accidents in adolescents and young people, Brazil, 1996-2015: will we achieve SDG 3.6? CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 23:2785-2796. [PMID: 30281717 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018239.17082018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the main characteristics of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) mortality in Brazil for the period 1996-2015, focusing on the 10-29 years' age group. This is a two-step study consisting of (i) a bibliographic review on the topic of traffic violence in Brazil, and (ii) a study on RTA mortality in the Mortality Information System (SIM). The former situates the state of the art of scientific production on the theme and produces the theoretical reference for the analysis of the latter. During the period, about 39,000 people died by RTA, of which about 13,200 adolescents and young people died. The country should curb mortality to somewhere around 19,500/year and, among adolescents and young people, to 6,500/year to achieve SDG 3.6. With the establishment of the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB), RTA mortality rate fell between 1997 and 2000. The rate increased in the subsequent decade. The focus on adolescents and young people help us understand that, in the post-CTB and Prohibition, male black and brown motorcyclists became the main victims. The literature provides data analysis and shows that reduction is currently submitted to an articulated discussion that involves worker's health, gender, employment, urban mobility and advertising policies. Concerning SDG, this means that achieving SDG 3.6 is a process that involves interacting with policies targeting other SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Rasga Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Escola de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - José Mendes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Escola de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Caio Tavares Motta
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Escola de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - José Inácio Jardim Motta
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Escola de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
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Ishikawa AA, Bordin DM, de Campos EG, Blanes L, Doble P, De Martinis BS. A Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method for Toxicological Analysis of MDA, MDEA and MDMA in Vitreous Humor Samples from Victims of Car Accidents. J Anal Toxicol 2018; 42:661-666. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Akemi Ishikawa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, S/N Café Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Mozaner Bordin
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, S/N Café Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Geraldo de Campos
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Blanes
- Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná, 3775 Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader Street, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Philip Doble
- University of Technology Sydney, Cnr Harris and Thomas Streets, Ultimo NSW, Australia
| | - Bruno Spinosa De Martinis
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Simonelli G, Bellone G, Golombek D, Pérez Chada D, Glozier N, Capaldi VF, Vigo DE, Kryger MH. Hours of service regulations for professional drivers in continental Latin America. Sleep Health 2018; 4:472-475. [PMID: 30241663 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the hours of service provisions in continental Latin America. DESIGN Information on regulations of service hours was extracted from either the national transportation authorities or ministries of transportation (or the equivalent institution) from each country. SETTING Seventeen sovereign countries in continental Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela). PARTICIPANTS N/A INTERVENTION (IF ANY): N/A MEASUREMENT: Data on (a) limit on work hours, (b) mandatory daily time off (or rest), (c) overall schedule (mandatory weekly time off), and (d) daily breaks were extracted and summarized. RESULTS Of the 17 countries surveyed, 9 countries have provisions limiting the daily amount of hours of service for professional drivers. Ten have provisions for mandatory daily rest, but only 5 have explicit provisions limiting the number of continuous working days, with mandatory uninterrupted time off >35 hours. Eight countries have provisions for mandatory breaks that limit the hours of continuous driving (ranging from 3 to 5:30 hours). CONCLUSION Regulations that govern a population with 6 million injuries and over 100,000 deaths per year due to motor vehicle accidents leave important gaps. A minority, 6, of the countries regulated all 3 aspects; daily hours, breaks, and time off, and 3 regulate none of these. The regulations are less precise and restrictive than those in high-income countries, despite the doubled road injury mortality, and likely expose professional drivers and other road users to an increased risk of fatigue-related accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Simonelli
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Giannina Bellone
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Bernal, Argentina; Chronophysiology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego Golombek
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Bernal, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Daniel Pérez Chada
- Pulmonary and Sleep Clinic, Department of Medicine, Austral University, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Nick Glozier
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Vincent F Capaldi
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Daniel E Vigo
- Chronophysiology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meir H Kryger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Heaven, CT, USA
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Patterns of Harmful Alcohol Consumption among Truck Drivers: Implications for Occupational Health and Work Safety from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061121. [PMID: 29849007 PMCID: PMC6025607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the main causes of productivity losses arising from absenteeism, presenteeism, and workplace injuries. Among occupational categories most affected by the use of this substance, truck drivers are subject to risk factors and risky behaviors that can have a serious impact on their health, their work, and the general road safety. The use of alcohol during truck-driving activities is, indeed, an important risk factor for traffic accidents. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims at synthesizing the literature regarding harmful alcohol consumption patterns among truck drivers in a rigorous way. A ‘binge drinking’ prevalence of 19.0%, 95% confidence interval or CI (13.1, 26.9) was present. An ‘everyday drinking’ pattern rate of 9.4%, 95% CI (7.0, 12.4) was found, while the rate of alcohol misuse according to the “Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test” (AUDIT)—“Cut down-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye opener questionnaire” (CAGE) instruments was computed to be of 22.7%, 95% CI (14.8, 33.0). No evidence of publication bias could be found. However, there is the need to improve the quality of published research, utilizing standardized reliable instruments. The knowledge of these epidemiological data can be useful for decision makers in order to develop, design, and implement ad hoc adequate policies.
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Girotto E, Guidoni CM, González AD, Mesas AE, Andrade SMD. Uso contínuo de medicamentos e condições de trabalho entre motoristas de caminhão. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2016; 21:3769-3776. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152112.24212015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Os motoristas de caminhão têm sido pouco explorados quanto aos problemas de saúde que os acometem e, principalmente, quanto ao seu perfil de consumo de medicamentos. Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar o uso contínuo de medicamentos, por motoristas de caminhão, e identificar as características profissionais associadas. Para a sua realização, conduziu-se um estudo transversal com motoristas de caminhão estacionados no Pátio de Triagem do Porto de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil. Realizou-se uma entrevista com obtenção de dados socioeconômicos, problemas de saúde, condições de trabalho e uso contínuo de medicamentos. Dos motoristas avaliados (n = 665), 21,1% referiram utilizar algum medicamento continuamente, com destaque para o captopril (10,7%), metformina (10,3%), omeprazol (6,2%) e sinvastatina (6,2%). Motoristas com dezesseis anos ou mais de experiência profissional (RP 1,67; IC 95% 1,11-2,51), proprietários do próprio caminhão (RP 1,38; IC 95% 1,03-1,86) e que não possuíam vínculo empregatício formal (RP 1,49; IC 95% 1,11-2,00) apresentaram maior prevalência de uso contínuo de medicamentos. Observa-se que algumas condições de trabalho têm importante papel do uso contínuo de medicamentos pelos motoristas de caminhão.
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Girotto E, Andrade SMD, González AD, Mesas AE. Professional experience and traffic accidents/near-miss accidents among truck drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 95:299-304. [PMID: 27474875 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between the time working as a truck driver and the report of involvement in traffic accidents or near-miss accidents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed with truck drivers transporting products from the Brazilian grain harvest to the Port of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil. The drivers were interviewed regarding sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions, behavior in traffic and involvement in accidents or near-miss accidents in the previous 12 months. Subsequently, the participants answered a self-applied questionnaire on substance use. The time of professional experience as drivers was categorized in tertiles. Statistical analyses were performed through the construction of models adjusted by multinomial regression to assess the relationship between the length of experience as a truck driver and the involvement in accidents or near-miss accidents. RESULTS This study included 665 male drivers with an average age of 42.2 (±11.1) years. Among them, 7.2% and 41.7% of the drivers reported involvement in accidents and near-miss accidents, respectively. In fully adjusted analysis, the 3rd tertile of professional experience (>22years) was shown to be inversely associated with involvement in accidents (odds ratio [OR] 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.52) and near-miss accidents (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05-0.53). The 2nd tertile of professional experience (11-22 years) was inversely associated with involvement in accidents (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.40-0.98). CONCLUSIONS An evident relationship was observed between longer professional experience and a reduction in reporting involvement in accidents and near-miss accidents, regardless of age, substance use, working conditions and behavior in traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmarlon Girotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Selma Maffei de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Brazil
| | - Alberto Durán González
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Brazil
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Brazil
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Leopoldo K, Leyton V, Oliveira LGD. [Alcohol use alone and in combination with other drugs among truck drivers on highways in São Paulo State, Brazil: a cross-sectional study]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 31:1916-28. [PMID: 26578016 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00047214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traffic accidents cause more than a million deaths per year worldwide. Brazil is one of the leading countries in traffic accidents. Since alcohol is a known etiological factor for traffic accidents, the pattern of alcohol use alone and in combination with other drugs was assessed in a convenience sample of 684 truck drivers in São Paulo State, Brazil. 67.3% of participants reported alcohol use in the previous 30 days, 34.6% reported heavy drinking, 26% binge drinking, and 9.2% were at risk of developing alcohol addiction. Furthermore, 54.6% reported multiple drug use, mostly alcohol with tobacco and energy drinks. Truck drivers that reported multiple drug use showed heavier alcohol use than those who consumed only alcohol. Drinking and driving is problematic and can be aggravated by multiple drug use. The authors thus suggest monitoring the issue, which creates serious problems for users and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Leopoldo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vilma Leyton
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Vearrier D, Vearrier L, McKeever R, Okaneku J, LaSala G, Goldberger D, McCloskey K. Issues in driving impairment. Dis Mon 2016; 62:72-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Girotto E, de Andrade SM, Mesas AE, González AD, Guidoni CM. Working conditions and illicit psychoactive substance use among truck drivers in Brazil. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:764-9. [PMID: 26304775 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify the role that working conditions play in predicting the consumption of illicit psychoactive substances (IPS) among truck drivers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with truck drivers who transport grains to Paranaguá Port, PR, Brazil. The truck drivers were interviewed, and they completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding their sociodemographics, lifestyles, working conditions, and consumption of IPS over the past 30 days. The statistical analysis included logistic regression models progressively adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. RESULTS A total of 670 male drivers with a mean age of 41.9 (±11.1) years were assessed. The prevalence of IPS consumption over the past 30 days was 10.9% (n=73). The drugs used primarily consisted of amphetamines (n=61). After adjusting for working characteristics, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, the following working conditions were associated with the consumption of IPS: driving mostly at night (OR=3.91; 95% CI 1.75 to 8.74), driving while tired (OR=2.26; 95% CI 1.31 to 3.89), and earning a higher monthly income (OR=2.08; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.72). Drivers who were 39 years old or younger (OR=2.11; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.25) and not living with a partner (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.17 to 4.22) were also more likely to consume IPS. CONCLUSIONS Driving mostly at night, being tired, and earning more increase the use of IPS among truck drivers, regardless of other working characteristics, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmarlon Girotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selma Maffei de Andrade
- Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alberto Durán González
- Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camilo Molino Guidoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Sinagawa DM, De Carvalho HB, Andreuccetti G, Do Prado NV, De Oliveira KCBG, Yonamine M, Muñoz DR, Gjerde H, Leyton V. Association between travel length and drug use among Brazilian truck drivers. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2014; 16:5-9. [PMID: 24697351 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.906589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the use of the stimulants amphetamines and cocaine by truck drivers in Brazil was related to travel length. METHODS Truck drivers were randomly stopped by the Federal Highway Police on interstate roads in Sao Paulo State during morning hours from 2008 to 2011 and invited to participate in the project "Comandos de Saúde nas Rodovias" (Health Commands on the Roads). Participants were asked about the use of drugs, travel distance, and age, and gender was recorded. Samples of urine were collected and analyzed for amphetamine, benzoylecgonine (a metabolite of cocaine), and carboxytetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH; a metabolite of cannabis) by immunological screening and quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Current use of amphetamine, cocaine, and cannabis was reported by 5.7%, 0.7%, and 0.3% of the truck drivers, respectively. Amphetamine, benzoylecgonine, and THC-COOH were found in urine samples from 5.4%, 2.6,% and in 1.0% of the drivers, respectively. There was a significant association between the positive cases for amphetamine and reported travel length; 9.9% of urine samples from drivers who reported travel length of more than 270 km were positive for amphetamine, and 10.9% of those drivers reported current use of amphetamines. In most cases, appetite suppressants containing amphetamines had been used, but the purpose was most often to stay awake and alert while driving. Truck drivers with travel length of more than 270 km had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for having a urine sample that was positive for amphetamine when adjusted for age as confounding factor (OR = 9.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.97-22.26). No significant association was found between the use of cocaine or cannabis and travel length. CONCLUSION Truck drivers who reported driving more than 270 km had significantly higher frequencies of urine samples positive for amphetamine and reported significantly more frequent current use of amphetamines than those who reported shorter driving distances.
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Peixe TS, de Almeida RM, Girotto E, de Andrade SM, Mesas AE. Use of illicit drugs by truck drivers arriving at Paranaguá port terminal, Brazil. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2014; 15:673-677. [PMID: 24313348 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2013.868893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of recent use of illicit drugs among truck drivers who had parked their vehicles at the terminal port in Paranaguá City at Paraná State, southern Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional study was part of a larger research project conducted among drivers at a regional Brazilian port. Data on professional characteristics, involvement in road traffic injuries, sleep, and use of alcohol and illicit drugs were collected using a questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for amphetamines, cocaine, and cannabis using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. RESULTS Sixty-two drivers were included in the study. Toxicological analyses showed that 8.1 percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-17.8%) of the urine samples were positive for drugs (4.8% for cocaine, 1.6% for amphetamine, and 1.6% for both); 8.1 percent reported drug use during the preceding 30 days in the questionnaire and only one tested positive for the drug in the urine sample. No sample was positive for cannabinoids. In total, at least 14.5 percent (95% CI, 6.9-25.8%) had used illicit drugs during the preceding 30 days based on self-reports and urine testing. Drivers who reported involvement in traffic injuries the year before more often tested positive for drugs in biological samples (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS This research provides preliminary evidence that the use of illicit stimulants was common among professional truck drivers transporting grain loads. Thus, actions are needed to reduce drug use among truck drivers in order to prevent drug-related road traffic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Severo Peixe
- a Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicology Analysis , Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
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