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Dalpiaz FL, Laçoli R, Butzke-Souza N, Santin JR, Poyer-Radetski L, Dallabona JA, Testolin RC, Almeida TCM, Radetski CM, Cotelle S. Eco(geno)toxicity of the new commercial insecticide Platinum Neo, a mixture of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam and the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124485. [PMID: 38960115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
New mixtures of pesticides are being placed on the market to increase the spectrum of phytosanitary action. Thus, the eco(geno)toxic effects of the new commercial mixture named Platinum Neo, as well as its constituents the neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam and the pyrethroid Lambda-Cyhalothrin, were investigated using the species Daphnia magna, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Danio rerio, and Allium cepa L. The lowest- and no-observed effect concentration (LOEC and NOEC) were measured in ecotoxicological tests. While Thiamethoxam was ecotoxic at ppm level, Lambda-Cyhalothrin and Platinum Neo formulation were ecotoxic at ppb level. The mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus [MN] frequency were measured as indicators of phytogenotoxicity in A. cepa plants exposed for 12 h to the different insecticides and their mixture under different dilutions. There were significant alterations in the MI and MN frequency in comparison with the A. cepa negative control group, with Thiamethoxam, Lambda-Cyhalothrin, and Platinum Neo treatments all significantly reducing MI and increasing MN frequency. Thus, MI reduction was found at 13.7 mg L-1 for Thiamethoxam, 0.8 μg L-1 for Lambda-Cyahalothrin, and 2.7:2 μg L-1 for Platinum Neo, while MN induction was not observed at 14 mg L-1 for Thiamethoxam, 0.8 μg L-1 for Lambda-Cyahalothrin, and 1.4:1 μg L-1 for Platinum Neo. The insecticide eco(geno)toxicity hierarchy was Platinun Neo > Lambda-Cyhalothrin > Thiamethoxam, and the organism sensitivity hierarchy was daphnids > fish > algae > A. cepa. Eco(geno)toxicity studies of new pesticide mixtures can be useful for management, risk assessment, and avoiding impacts of these products on living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felippe L Dalpiaz
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Rosane Laçoli
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Nicolli Butzke-Souza
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - José R Santin
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Leticia Poyer-Radetski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Dallabona
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Renan C Testolin
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Tito C M Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curso de Oceanografia, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudemir M Radetski
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Itajaí, Brazil.
| | - Sylvie Cotelle
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
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2
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Abolarin PO, Owoyele BV. Tannic acid inhibits pain mediators, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024019-0. [PMID: 39054833 PMCID: PMC11294660 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (Gly) has been associated with neurological disorders. Tannic acid (TA) is an antioxidant with attenuating action against neuroinflammation-associated conditions. This study evaluated the effect of Gly on pain perception alongside antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of TA in Gly-exposed mice. Male Swiss mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=8): control (distilled water 0.2 ml/kg), Gly (Gly 500 mg/kg), Pre-TA + Gly (TA 50 mg/kg pre-treatment, afterwards Gly-administered), TA + Gly (TA 50 mg/kg and Gly co-administered), Pre-AA + Gly (ascorbic acid (AA) 10 mg/kg pre-treatment, afterwards Gly-administered), and AA + Gly (AA 10 mg/kg and Gly co-administered). Mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain were evaluated six weeks post vehicle/drugs administrations orally, followed by brain biochemical measurements. TA treatment alleviated Gly-induced hyperalgesia in similar version to the values of control and AA groups by increasing significantly (p < 0.05) nociceptive thresholds. Moreover, TA-treatment significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-1β) levels, and antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities compared to Gly-treated mice (p < 0.05). Conclusively, TA treatment exerted antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions, possibly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in Gly-exposed mice. Notably, TA pre-treatment showed a better response than TA and Gly co-administration. We propose the potential neuroprotective and ameliorative functions of TA in Gly-induced hyperalgesia. This merits further clinical research into protective roles of TA against pesticide-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oluwole Abolarin
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Chrisland University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Chrisland University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria
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Oestreicher N, Bourdineaud JP, Vélot C. Mutagenic effects of a commercial glyphosate-based herbicide formulation on the soil filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans depending on the mode of exposure. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 892:503708. [PMID: 37973298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most used pesticides worldwide. This widespread dissemination raises the question of non-target effects on a wide range of organisms, including soil micro-organisms. Despite a large body of scientific studies reporting the harmful effects of GBHs, the health and environmental safety of glyphosate and its commercial formulations remains controversial. In particular, contradictory results have been obtained on the possible genotoxicity of these herbicides depending on the organisms or biological systems tested, the modes and durations of exposure and the sensitivity of the detection technique used. We previously showed that the well-characterized soil filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans was highly affected by a commercial GBH formulation containing 450 g/L of glyphosate (R450), even when used at doses far below the agricultural application rate. In the present study, we analysed the possible mutagenicity of R450 in A. nidulans by screening for specific mutants after different modes of exposure to the herbicide. R450 was found to exert a mutagenic effect only after repeated exposure during growth on agar-medium, and depending on the metabolic status of the tested strain. The nature of some mutants and their ability to tolerate the herbicide better than did the wild-type strain suggested that their emergence may reflect an adaptive response of the fungus to offset the herbicide effects. The use of a non-selective molecular approach, the quantitative random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-qPCR), showed that R450 could also exert a mutagenic effect after a one-shot overnight exposure during growth in liquid culture. However, this effect was subtle and no longer detectable when the fungus had previously been repeatedly exposed to the herbicide on a solid medium. This indicated an elevation of the sensitivity threshold of A. nidulans to the R450 mutagenicity, and thus confirmed the adaptive capacity of the fungus to the herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Oestreicher
- Laboratory VEAC, University Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Sciences, Bât. 350, Avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5234, Laboratory of Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Vélot
- Laboratory VEAC, University Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Sciences, Bât. 350, Avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Roma D, Cecchini ME, Tonini MP, Capella V, Aiassa D, Rodriguez N, Mañas F. Toxicity assessment and DNA repair kinetics in HEK293 cells exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Glyphosate (Roundup® Control Max). Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:970-978. [PMID: 37915486 PMCID: PMC10615827 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a systemic, non-selective, pre and post-emergence wide range herbicide. In 2015, IARC classified Glyphosate as "a probable carcinogenic agent for humans". The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the commercial formulation of glyphosate (Roundup® Control Max) at environmentally relevant concentrations and measure the potential effect of this herbicide over the cell capacity to repair DNA damage. HEK293 cells were exposed to 5 concentrations of Roundup® Control Max equivalent to 0.7; 7; 70; 700 and 3,500 μg/L glyphosate acid, for 1, 4 and 24 h. Cytotoxicity was quantified by the Trypan Blue staining method and by the MTT assay, while genotoxicity and evaluation of DNA damage repair kinetics were analyzed through the alkaline comet assay. In all treatments, cell viability was higher than 80%. The three highest glyphosate concentrations-70 μg/L, 700 μg/L, and 3,500 μg/L-increased levels of DNA damage compared to the control at the three exposure times tested. Finally, concerning the kinetics of DNA damage repair, cells initially exposed to 3,500 μg/L of glyphosate for 24 h were unable to repair the breaks in DNA strands even after 4 h of incubation in culture medium. The present study demonstrated for the first time that Roundup® Control Max may induce genetic damage and cause alterations in the DNA repair system in human embryonic kidney cells even at concentrations found in blood and breast milk of people exposed through residues of the herbicide in food, which values have been poorly assessed or not studied yet according to the existent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Roma
- Department of Animal Clinic, National University of Río Cuarto-CONICET, National Route No. 36, 601 Km, Rio Cuarto X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Cecchini
- Department of Animal Clinic, National University of Río Cuarto-CONICET, National Route No. 36, 601 Km, Rio Cuarto X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - María Paula Tonini
- Department of Animal Clinic, National University of Río Cuarto-CONICET, National Route No. 36, 601 Km, Rio Cuarto X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Virginia Capella
- Department of Molecular Biology, National University of Río Cuarto-CONICET, National Route No. 36, 601 Km, Rio Cuarto X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Delia Aiassa
- Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route No. 36, 601 Km, Rio Cuarto X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Nancy Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, National University of Río Cuarto-CONICET, National Route No. 36, 601 Km, Rio Cuarto X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Fernando Mañas
- Department of Animal Clinic, National University of Río Cuarto-CONICET, National Route No. 36, 601 Km, Rio Cuarto X5804ZAB, Argentina
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Rana I, Nguyen PK, Rigutto G, Louie A, Lee J, Smith MT, Zhang L. Mapping the key characteristics of carcinogens for glyphosate and its formulations: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139572. [PMID: 37474029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate was classified as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) partially due to strong mechanistic evidence in 2015. Since then, numerous studies of glyphosate and its formulations (GBF) have emerged. These studies can be evaluated for cancer hazard identification with the newly described ten key characteristics (KC) of carcinogens approach. Our objective was to assess all in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro mechanistic studies of human and experimental animals (mammals) that compared exposure to glyphosate/GBF with low/no exposure counterparts for evidence of the ten KCs. A protocol with our methods adhering to PRISMA guidelines was registered a priori (INPLASY202180045). Two blinded reviewers screened all in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies of glyphosate/GBF exposure in humans/mammals reporting any KC-related outcome available in PubMed before August 2021. Studies that met inclusion criteria underwent data extraction conducted in duplicate for each KC outcome reported along with key aspects of internal/external validity, results, and reference information. These data were used to construct a matrix that was subsequently analyzed in the program R to conduct strength of evidence and quality assessments. Of the 2537 articles screened, 175 articles met inclusion criteria, from which we extracted >50,000 data points related to KC outcomes. Data analysis revealed strong evidence for KC2, KC4, KC5, KC6, KC8, limited evidence for KC1 and KC3, and inadequate evidence for KC7, KC9, and KC10. Notably, our in-depth quality analyses of genotoxicity (KC2) and endocrine disruption (KC8) revealed strong and consistent positive findings. For KC2, we found: 1) studies conducted in humans and human cells provided stronger positive evidence than counterpart animal models; 2) GBF elicited a stronger effect in both human and animal systems when compared to glyphosate alone; and 3) the highest quality studies in humans and human cells consistently revealed strong evidence of genotoxicity. Our analysis of KC8 indicated that glyphosate's ability to modulate hormone levels and estrogen receptor activity is sensitive to both exposure concentration and formulation. The modulations observed provide clear evidence that glyphosate interacts with receptors, alters receptor activation, and modulates the levels and effects of endogenous ligands (including hormones). Our findings strengthen the mechanistic evidence that glyphosate is a probable human carcinogen and provide biological plausibility for previously reported cancer associations in humans, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We identified potential molecular interactions and subsequent key events that were used to generate a probable pathway to lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iemaan Rana
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Patton K Nguyen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Gabrielle Rigutto
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Allen Louie
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jane Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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6
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Lacroix R, Kurrasch DM. Glyphosate Toxicity: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Epidemiological Evidence. Toxicol Sci 2023; 192:kfad018. [PMID: 36857578 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most applied agricultural chemical worldwide and has become nearly ubiquitous throughout the environment. Glyphosate is an effective herbicide because it disrupts the shikimate pathway, which is responsible for the synthesis of essential amino acids in plants and microorganisms. Given that there is no known target for glyphosate in higher animals, its toxicity to humans and other animals is heavily debated, especially after the 2015 IARC ruling that glyphosate is carcinogenic. Today, a growing body of literature shows in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological evidence for the toxicity of glyphosate across animal species. With the application of glyphosate increasing globally, it is important to discuss these reports to enable a broader conversation on glyphosate toxicity and its impact on human and environmental health. Here, we summarize the recent glyphosate literature and discuss its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lacroix
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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7
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Alvarez-Moya C, Reynoso-Silva M. Assessment of Genetic Damage Induced via Glyphosate and Three Commercial Formulations with Adjuvants in Human Blood Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4560. [PMID: 36901992 PMCID: PMC10003414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable controversy regarding the genotoxicity of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine). It has been suggested that the genotoxicity of this herbicide is increased by the adjuvants added to commercial formulations based on glyphosate. The effect of various concentrations of glyphosate and three commercial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) on human lymphocytes was evaluated. Human blood cells were exposed to glyphosates of 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 mM as well as to equivalent concentrations of glyphosate on commercial formulations. Genetic damage (p < 0.05) was observed in all concentrations with glyphosate and with FAENA and TACKLE formulations. These two commercial formulations showed genotoxicity that was concentration-dependent but in a higher proportion compared to pure glyphosate only. Higher glyphosate concentrations increased the frequency and range of tail lengths of some migration groups, and the same was observed for FAENA and TACKLE, while in CENTELLA the migration range decreased but the frequency of migration groups increased. We show that pure glyphosate and commercial GBH (FAENA, TACKLE and CENTELLA) gave signals of genotoxicity in human blood samples in the comet assay. The genotoxicity increased in the formulations, indicating genotoxic activity also in the added adjuvants present in these products. The use of the MG parameter allowed us to detect a certain type of genetic damage associated with different formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alvarez-Moya
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mónica Reynoso-Silva
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico
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8
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Mehtiyev T, Karaman EF, Ozden S. Alterations in cell viability, reactive oxygen species production, and modulation of gene expression involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulating kinase signaling pathway by glyphosate and its commercial formulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:81-93. [PMID: 36625791 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221149571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is a non-selective, organophosphate herbicide widely used in agriculture and forestry. We investigated the possible toxic effects of the glyphosate active compound and its commercial formulation (Roundup Star®) in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line, including their effects on the cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and expression of oxidative stress-related genes such as HO-1, Hsp70 Nrf2, L-FABP, and Keap1. MTT and NRU tests indicated that the IC50 values of Roundup Star® were 219 and 140 μM, respectively, and because glyphosate failed to induce cell death at the studied concentrations, an IC50 value could not be determined for this cell line. Roundup Star at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM significantly increased (39.58% and 52%, respectively) cell proliferation, which 200 μM of glyphosate increased by 35.38%. ROS levels increased by 27.97% and 44.77% for 25 and 100 μM of Roundup Star and 32.74% and 38.63% for 100 and 200 μM of glyphosate exposure. In conclusion, Roundup Star and glyphosate significantly increased expression levels of selected genes related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway. This suggests that ROS production and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway may be key molecular mechanisms in the toxicity of glyphosate in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toghrul Mehtiyev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 37516Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 37516Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 420479Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 37516Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Cao X, Rao C, Cui H, Sun D, Li L, Guo S, Zhou J, Yuan R, Yang S, Chen J. Toxic effects of glyphosate on the intestine, liver, brain of carp and on epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro research. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134691. [PMID: 35489457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used organophosphorus herbicide in agriculture. The present study aimed to analyze the comprehensive toxicological effects of GLY on juvenile common carp and an epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cell line. In the in vivo experiments, exposure to GLY (5 and 15 mg/L) for 30 days induced liver inflammation and oxidative damage in common carp and changed the physical barrier of the intestine. Histopathological analysis of the intestine, liver, brain, and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers provided evidence of damage and immune system responses to GLY. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of 15 mg/L GLY on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was found in the brain, which may be an important reason for the significant decrease in both swimming distance and average acceleration of common carp. Cell experiments showed that 0.65 and 3.25 mg/L GLY inhibited the viability of EPCs. Furthermore, oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed in EPC cells following GLY exposure. Taken together, this study not only highlights the negative effects of GLY on common carp but also enriches the knowledge of the cytotoxicity mechanism to further clarify the comprehensive toxicity of GLY in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Rao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Han Cui
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jiameng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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10
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Overview of Environmental and Health Effects Related to Glyphosate Usage. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of glyphosate (N-(phosphomethyl) glycine) in 1974, it has been the most used nonselective and broad-spectrum herbicide around the world. The widespread use of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides is due to their low-cost efficiency in killing weeds, their rapid absorption by plants, and the general mistaken perception of their low toxicity to the environment and living organisms. As a consequence of the intensive use and accumulation of glyphosate and its derivatives on environmental sources, major concerns about the harmful side effects of glyphosate and its metabolites on human, plant, and animal health, and for water and soil quality, are emerging. Glyphosate can reach water bodies by soil leaching, runoff, and sometimes by the direct application of some approved formulations. Moreover, glyphosate can reach nontarget plants by different mechanisms, such as spray application, release through the tissue of treated plants, and dead tissue from weeds. As a consequence of this nontarget exposure, glyphosate residues are being detected in the food chains of diverse products, such as bread, cereal products, wheat, vegetable oil, fruit juice, beer, wine, honey, eggs, and others. The World Health Organization reclassified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans in 2015 by the IARC. Thus, many review articles concerning different glyphosate-related aspects have been published recently. The risks, disagreements, and concerns regarding glyphosate usage have led to a general controversy about whether glyphosate should be banned, restricted, or promoted. Thus, this review article makes an overview of the basis for scientists, regulatory agencies, and the public in general, with consideration to the facts on and recommendations for the future of glyphosate usage.
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11
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Alvarez-Moya C, Sámano-León AG, Reynoso-Silva M, Ramírez-Velasco R, Ruiz-López MA, Villalobos-Arámbula AR. Antigenotoxic Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Resveratrol in Erythrocytes of Ambystoma mexicanum, Oreochromis niloticus and Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Glyphosate. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2230-2242. [PMID: 35678680 PMCID: PMC9164025 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a controversial herbicide. Its genotoxicity and presence in various ecosystems have been reported. The use of ascorbic acid and resveratrol could protect different organisms from glyphosate-induced genetic damage. In the present study, specific genetic damage induced by glyphosate was evaluated in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum and human lymphocytes. Simultaneously, the antigenotoxic capacity of various concentrations of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was evaluated by means of pretreatment and simultaneous treatment protocols. The 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM concentrations of glyphosate induced significant genotoxic activity (p < 0.05) in human lymphocytes and in erythrocytes of the species studied, and could cause genomic instability in these populations. The reduction in genetic damage observed in human lymphocytes exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate is only apparent: excessive genetic damage was associated with undetectable excessive tail migration length. A significant (p < 0.05) antigenotoxic effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was observed in all concentrations, organisms and protocols used. Both ascorbic acid and resveratrol play an important role in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Ascorbic acid in Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum reduced glyphosate-induced genetic damage to a basal level. Therefore, our data indicate that these antioxidants could help preserve the integrity of the DNA of organisms exposed to glyphosate. The consumption of antioxidants is a useful tool against the genotoxicity of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alvarez-Moya
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.-M.); (M.R.-S.); Tel.: +52-377-77-1121 (C.A.-M.); +52-333-777-1121 (M.R.-S.)
| | - Alexis Gerardo Sámano-León
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Mónica Reynoso-Silva
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.-M.); (M.R.-S.); Tel.: +52-377-77-1121 (C.A.-M.); +52-333-777-1121 (M.R.-S.)
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Velasco
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Mario Alberto Ruiz-López
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Alma Rosa Villalobos-Arámbula
- Molecular and Functional Genetics and Ecosystems Laboratory of Biomarkers and Molecular Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Departament, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico;
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Weisenburger DD. A Review and Update with Perspective of Evidence that the Herbicide Glyphosate (Roundup) is a Cause of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:621-630. [PMID: 34052177 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based formulations (GBFs), such as Roundup, are the most heavily used herbicides in the world. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that glyphosate and GBFs are probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A), mainly for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, this finding has been controversial, and most pesticide regulatory agencies have not followed their lead. The purpose of this review was to examine the scientific literature linking exposure to glyphosate and GBFs to the development of NHL, with emphasis on new findings since publication of the IARC report. The epidemiologic studies provide ample evidence for an association between exposure to GBFs and an increased risk of NHL. Animal studies have shown that glyphosate is carcinogenic in rodents and causes NHL in mice. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that glyphosate and GBFs are genotoxic to human lymphocytes, the normal cell of origin of NHL, both in vitro and in vivo. Genotoxic and other biological effects have also been shown in various animal and cell models with these agents even at low doses. A novel mechanism underlying the specificity of glyphosate for NHL, that is upregulation of the B-cell genome mutator enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase, has recently been demonstrated. These findings were evaluated holistically using the guidelines for evaluation of general causation set forth by Bradford Hill. This evaluation provides coherent and compelling evidence that glyphosate and GBFs are a cause of NHL in humans exposed to these agents. These findings should prompt new reviews by pesticide regulatory agencies around the world.
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Viljoen CD, Koortzen BJ, Sreenivasan Tantuan S. Determining the presence of glyphosate and glyphosate-tolerant events in maize and soybean food products in South Africa. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2021; 14:91-97. [PMID: 33541241 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2021.1872713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. In South Africa, glyphosate is predominantly used in the production of herbicide-tolerant (HT) maize and soybean. Considering that maize is a staple food and soybean an important source of protein, this study aimed to determine whether glyphosate is present in food products consumed by the general population in South Africa. Food products (81) were purchased from local supermarkets and screened for the presence of glyphosate and HT events using ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. The majority of products contained glyphosate (66.7%) but at a level below the maximum residue limit. Glyphosate HT event(s) were detected in 70.4% of products but not associated with the presence of glyphosate in all products. This study has confirmed that South African consumers are exposed to low levels of glyphosate reported to cause genotoxic effects at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Viljoen
- Human Molecular Biology Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - B J Koortzen
- Human Molecular Biology Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sandhya Sreenivasan Tantuan
- Human Molecular Biology Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Nagy K, Argaw Tessema R, Szász I, Smeirat T, Al Rajo A, Ádám B. Micronucleus Formation Induced by Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides in Human Peripheral White Blood Cells. Front Public Health 2021; 9:639143. [PMID: 34109144 PMCID: PMC8180907 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.639143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide around the world, which led to its accumulation in the environment and consequent ubiquitous human exposure. Glyphosate is marketed in numerous glyphosate-based herbicide formulations (GBHs) that include co-formulants to enhance herbicidal effect of the active ingredient, but are declared as inert substances. However, these other ingredients can have biologic activity on their own and may interact with the glyphosate in synergistic toxicity. In this study, we focused to compare the cytogenetic effect of the active ingredient glyphosate and three marketed GBHs (Roundup Mega, Fozat 480, and Glyfos) by investigating cytotoxicity with fluorescent co-labeling and WST-1 cell viability assay as well as genotoxicity with cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in isolated human mononuclear white blood cells. Glyphosate had no notable cytotoxic activity over the tested concentration range (0-10,000 μM), whereas all the selected GBHs induced significant cell death from 1,000 μM regardless of metabolic activation (S9). Micronucleus (MN) formation induced by glyphosate and its formulations at sub-cytotoxic concentrations (0-100 μM) exhibited a diverse pattern. Glyphosate caused statistically significant increase of MN frequency at the highest concentration (100 μM) after 20-h exposure. Contrarily, Roundup Mega exerted a significant genotoxic effect at 100 μM both after 4- and 20-h exposures; moreover, Glyfos and Fozat 480 also resulted in a statistically significant increase of MN frequency from the concentration of 10 μM after 4-h and 20-h treatment, respectively. The presence of S9 had no effect on MN formation induced by either glyphosate or GBHs. The differences observed in the cytotoxic and genotoxic pattern between the active principle and formulations confirm the previous concept that the presence of co-formulants in the formulations or the interaction of them with the active ingredient is responsible for the increased toxicity of herbicide products, and draw attention to the fact that GBHs are still currently in use, the toxicity of which rivals that of POEA-containing formulations (e.g., Glyfos) already banned in Europe. Hence, it is advisable to subject them to further comprehensive toxicological screening to assess the true health risks of exposed individuals, and to reconsider their free availability to any users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Nagy
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roba Argaw Tessema
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Szász
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamara Smeirat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alaa Al Rajo
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Congur G. Monitoring of glyphosate-DNA interaction and synergistic genotoxic effect of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using an electrochemical biosensor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116360. [PMID: 33412448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is a broad-spectrum herbicide used worldwide to control broadleaf sedge, and grass weeds to control non-specific vegetation. Although it was evaluated as non-toxic agent in 20th century, its carcinogenic and genotoxic potential has being intensively investigated all over the world in the last decade. Moreover, the combination of GLY and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been widely applied. Although genotoxicity of GLY has been evaluated in vivo studies, there is no report in the literature for the monitoring of in vitro biointeraction of GLY and double stranded DNA, or how effect the combination of GLY and 2,4-D onto DNA. Herein, an electrochemical biosensor platform was developed for detection of the pesticide-DNA interaction by using disposable pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs). First, voltammetric detection of the interaction between GLY and DNA was investigated and the electrochemical characterization of the interaction was achieved. Taking a step further, the synergistic genotoxic effect of the mixture of GLY and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or the mixture of their herbicide forms onto DNA could be monitored. This effect was concentration dependent, and the herbicide of GLY or the use of mixture of herbicides of GLY and 2,4-D had more genotoxic effect than analytical grade of the active molecules, GLY and 2,4-D. The single-use PGEs provided to fabricate robust, eco-friendly and time saver recognition platform for monitoring of herbicide-DNA interaction with the sensitive and reliable results. It is expected that this study will lead to be designed miniaturized lab-on-a chip platforms for on-line analysis of the pesticide-nucleic acid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Congur
- Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Vocational School of Health Services, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey; Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Biotechnology Application and Research Center, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
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16
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Costa MB, Farias IR, da Silva Monte C, Filho LIPF, de Paula Borges D, de Oliveira RTG, Ribeiro-Junior HL, Magalhães SMM, Pinheiro RF. Chromosomal abnormalities and dysregulated DNA repair gene expression in farmers exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103564. [PMID: 33326828 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides is considered a major factor underlying increased risk of hematological disorders in agricultural workers due to its carcinogenic potential. However, genotoxic impact of pesticides in DNA integrity of bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) of farmers exposed is not yet well known. We evaluated presence of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) and mRNA expression of DNA repair targets (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51, XRCC5, XRCC6, LIG4, CSA, CSB, XPA, XPC, XPG) in 90 bone marrow samples of farmers divided into three groups: commercial farming (CF), family farming (FF) and organic farming (OF). Our results showed that farmers in CF (72.7 %) and FF (27.3 %) groups had significantly higher values of CA when compared to OF group (0.0 %; p = 0.003). CF showed lower XPG (p = 0.008), CSA (p < 0.001), ATM (p = 0.036) and LIG4 (p = 0.004) mRNA expression than OF. FF presented lower XPG (p = 0.012) and LIG4 (p = 0.004) expression than OF. CF + FF individual with ≥12 years of exposure to pesticides showed decreased mRNA expression of XPC (p = 0.001), XPG (p = 0.010), CSB (p = 0.05), ATM (p = 0.030) and LIG4 (p = 0.044) than those who have been exposed for <12 years. CF + FF with CA showed a lower expression of BRCA2 when compared to CF + FF group without CA (p = 0.007). These results highlight that genotoxic exposure to pesticides negatively affects expression profile of important DNA repair genes in BMSC, favoring irreparable chromosomal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Braga Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Rocha Farias
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cristiane da Silva Monte
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ivando Pires Ferreira Filho
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Paula Borges
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Howard Lopes Ribeiro-Junior
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Meira Magalhães
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Clinical Medicine Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Ronald Feitosa Pinheiro
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Clinical Medicine Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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17
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Comparison of the performance analytical of two glyphosate electrochemical screening methods based on peroxidase enzyme inhibition. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Suppa A, Kvist J, Li X, Dhandapani V, Almulla H, Tian AY, Kissane S, Zhou J, Perotti A, Mangelson H, Langford K, Rossi V, Brown JB, Orsini L. Roundup causes embryonic development failure and alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-target species. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:170. [PMID: 33339542 PMCID: PMC7780628 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research around the weedkiller Roundup is among the most contentious of the twenty-first century. Scientists have provided inconclusive evidence that the weedkiller causes cancer and other life-threatening diseases, while industry-paid research reports that the weedkiller has no adverse effect on humans or animals. Much of the controversial evidence on Roundup is rooted in the approach used to determine safe use of chemicals, defined by outdated toxicity tests. We apply a system biology approach to the biomedical and ecological model species Daphnia to quantify the impact of glyphosate and of its commercial formula, Roundup, on fitness, genome-wide transcription and gut microbiota, taking full advantage of clonal reproduction in Daphnia. We then apply machine learning-based statistical analysis to identify and prioritize correlations between genome-wide transcriptional and microbiota changes. RESULTS We demonstrate that chronic exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of glyphosate and Roundup at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water in the US induce embryonic developmental failure, induce significant DNA damage (genotoxicity), and interfere with signaling. Furthermore, chronic exposure to the weedkiller alters the gut microbiota functionality and composition interfering with carbon and fat metabolism, as well as homeostasis. Using the "Reactome," we identify conserved pathways across the Tree of Life, which are potential targets for Roundup in other species, including liver metabolism, inflammation pathways, and collagen degradation, responsible for the repair of wounds and tissue remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that chronic exposure to concentrations of Roundup and glyphosate at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water causes embryonic development failure and alteration of key metabolic functions via direct effect on the host molecular processes and indirect effect on the gut microbiota. The ecological model species Daphnia occupies a central position in the food web of aquatic ecosystems, being the preferred food of small vertebrates and invertebrates as well as a grazer of algae and bacteria. The impact of the weedkiller on this keystone species has cascading effects on aquatic food webs, affecting their ability to deliver critical ecosystem services. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Suppa
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma, Department of Life Sciences, Viale Usberti, 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Jouni Kvist
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Vignesh Dhandapani
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Hanan Almulla
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - Stephen Kissane
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jiarui Zhou
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Alessio Perotti
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma, Department of Life Sciences, Viale Usberti, 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - James B. Brown
- Environmental Bioinformatics, Centre for Computational Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Statistics Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA, Preminon LLC, Rodeo, CA 94572 USA
| | - Luisa Orsini
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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19
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Peillex C, Pelletier M. The impact and toxicity of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on health and immunity. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 17:163-174. [PMID: 32897110 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1804492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, or N-phosphomethyl(glycine), is an organophosphorus compound and a competitive inhibitor of the shikimate pathway that allows aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in plants and microorganisms. Its utilization in broad-spectrum herbicides, such as RoundUp®, has continued to increase since 1974; glyphosate, as well as its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid, is measured in soils, water, plants, animals and food. In humans, glyphosate is detected in blood and urine, especially in exposed workers, and is excreted within a few days. It has long been regarded as harmless in animals, but growing literature has reported health risks associated with glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides. In 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic" in humans. However, other national agencies did not tighten their glyphosate restrictions and even prolonged authorizations of its use. There are also discrepancies between countries' authorized levels, demonstrating an absence of a clear consensus on glyphosate to date. This review details the effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on fish and mammal health, focusing on the immune system. Increasing evidence shows that glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides exhibit cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, increase oxidative stress, disrupt the estrogen pathway, impair some cerebral functions, and allegedly correlate with some cancers. Glyphosate effects on the immune system appear to alter the complement cascade, phagocytic function, and lymphocyte responses, and increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fish. In mammals, including humans, glyphosate mainly has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, causes inflammation, and affects lymphocyte functions and the interactions between microorganisms and the immune system. Importantly, even as many outcomes are still being debated, evidence points to a need for more studies to better decipher the risks from glyphosate and better regulation of its global utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Peillex
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Infectious and Immune Disease Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Disease Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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20
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Agostini LP, Dettogni RS, Dos Reis RS, Stur E, Dos Santos EVW, Ventorim DP, Garcia FM, Cardoso RC, Graceli JB, Louro ID. Effects of glyphosate exposure on human health: Insights from epidemiological and in vitro studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135808. [PMID: 31972943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is a broad-spectrum, post-emergent, non-selective and synthetic universal herbicide, whose commercial formulations are referred to as glyphosate-based-herbicides (GBHs). These chemicals and their metabolites can be found in soil, air, water, as well as groundwater and food products. This review summarizes to summarize current in vitro and epidemiological studies investigating the effects of GLY exposure on human health. Recent human cell studies have reported several GLY and GBH toxicological effects and have contributed to a better understanding of the deleterious consequences associated with their exposure. However, these detrimental effects are dependent on the cell type, chemical composition, as well as magnitude and time of exposure, among other factors. Moreover, the deleterious effects of GLY exposure on human health were observed in epidemiological studies; however, most of these studies have not determined the GLY dosage to confirm a direct effect. While GLY toxicity is clear in human cells, epidemiological studies investigating individuals exposed to different levels of GLY have reported contradictory data. Therefore, based on currently available in vitro and epidemiological data, it is not possible to confirm the complete safety of GLY use, which will require additional comprehensive studies in animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane P Agostini
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Dettogni
- Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| | - Raquel S Dos Reis
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Elaine Stur
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Eldamária V W Dos Santos
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Diego P Ventorim
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Garcia
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, United States of America
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Iúri D Louro
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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Nagy K, Tessema RA, Budnik LT, Ádám B. Comparative cyto- and genotoxicity assessment of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides in human peripheral white blood cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108851. [PMID: 31678731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most heavily applied active compound of agricultural pesticides. It is solely used in more than 750 different glyphosate-based herbicide formulations (GBHs) that also contain other substances, mostly presumed as inert by regulatory agencies. The toxicity of formulations is currently assessed substance by substance, neglecting possible combined effects in mixtures and many of the findings regarding the toxic effects of glyphosate and GBHs to human cells are inconsistent. This is the first study to investigate and compare the cyto- and genotoxic potential of the active ingredient glyphosate and GBHs in human mononuclear white blood (HMWB) cells. HMWB cells were treated for 4 h at 37 °C with increasing concentrations (1-1000 μM) of glyphosate alone and in three GBHs (Roundup Mega, Fozat 480 and Glyfos) to test cytotoxic effect with fluorescent colabelling and genotoxic effect with comet assay. In addition, each concentration was tested with and without metabolic activation using human liver S9 fraction. We found that glyphosate alone does not induce significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity over the tested concentration range. Contrarily, GBHs induced statistically significant cell death from 250 μM (Roundup Mega and Glyfos) and 500 μM (Fozat 480), as well as statistically significant increase of DNA damage from 500 μM (Roundup Mega and Glyfos) and 750 μM (Fozat 480); however, the latter observation may not be explained by direct DNA injuries, rather due to the high level of cell death (>70%) exerted by the formulations. Metabolic activation significantly increased the DNA damage levels induced by Glyfos, but not of the other GBHs and of glyphosate. The differences observed in the toxic pattern of formulations and the active principle may be attributed to the higher cytotoxic activity of other ingredients in the formulations or to the interaction of them with the active ingredient glyphosate. Hence, further investigation of formulations is crucial for assessing the true health risks of occupational and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Nagy
- Division of Occupational Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Roba Argaw Tessema
- Division of Occupational Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lygia Therese Budnik
- Translational Toxicology and Immunology Unit, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Division of Occupational Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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22
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Weeks Santos S, Gonzalez P, Cormier B, Mazzella N, Bonnaud B, Morin S, Clérandeau C, Morin B, Cachot J. A glyphosate-based herbicide induces sub-lethal effects in early life stages and liver cell line of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105291. [PMID: 31525644 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most pesticides used in agriculture end up in the aquatic environment through runoff and leaching of treated crops. One of the most commonly used herbicides is glyphosate. This compound or its metabolites are frequently detected in surface water in Europe. In the present study, in vivo and in vitro studies were carried out using the early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the cell line RTL-W1 (a liver cell line from rainbow trout) to characterize the toxic effects of glyphosate at environmentally-realistic concentrations. Both studies were performed using the commercial formulation Roundup® GT Max, and technical-grade glyphosate for the in vitro study. Eyed-stage embryos were exposed for 3 weeks to sub-lethal concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg/L) of glyphosate using Roundup. Numerous toxicity endpoints were recorded such as survival, hatching success, larval biometry, developmental abnormalities, swimming activity, genotoxicity (formamidopyrimidine DNA-glycosylase Fpg-modified comet assay), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyls and target gene transcription. Concentrations neither affected embryonic or larval survival nor increased developmental abnormalities. However, a significant decrease was observed in the head size of larvae exposed to 1 mg/L of glyphosate. In addition, a significant increase in mobility was observed for larvae exposed to glyphosate at 0.1 mg/L. TBARS levels were significantly decreased on larvae exposed to 1 mg/L (a.i.), and cat and cox1 genes were differently transcribed from controls. DNA damage was detected by the Fpg-modified comet assay in RTL-W1 cell line exposed to the technical-grade glyphosate and Roundup formulation. The results suggest that chronic exposure to glyphosate, at environmental concentrations, could represent a potential risk for early life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Weeks Santos
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Bettie Cormier
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mazzella
- IRSTEA, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas cedex, France
| | - Bertille Bonnaud
- IRSTEA, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas cedex, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- IRSTEA, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas cedex, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France.
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23
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Paumgartten FJR. To be or not to be a carcinogen; delving into the glyphosate classification controversy. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000118217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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24
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Santovito A, Ruberto S, Gendusa C, Cervella P. In vitro evaluation of genomic damage induced by glyphosate on human lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34693-34700. [PMID: 30324367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an important broad-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture and residential areas for weed and vegetation control, respectively. In our study, we analyzed the in vitro clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects of glyphosate by chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei assays. Human lymphocytes were exposed to five glyphosate concentrations: 0.500, 0.100, 0.050, 0.025, and 0.0125 μg/mL, where 0.500 μg/mL represents the established acceptable daily intake value, and the other concentrations were tested in order to establish the genotoxicity threshold for this compound. We observed that chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronuclei (MNi) frequencies significantly increased at all tested concentrations, with exception of 0.0125 μg/mL. Vice versa, no effect has been observed on the frequencies of nuclear buds and nucleoplasmic bridges, with the only exception of 0.500 μg/mL of glyphosate that was found to increase in a significant manner the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges. Finally, the cytokinesis-block proliferation index and the mitotic index were not significantly reduced, indicating that glyphosate does not produce effects on the proliferation/mitotic index at the tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santovito
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123, Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruberto
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Gendusa
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Cervella
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
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25
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Woźniak E, Sicińska P, Michałowicz J, Woźniak K, Reszka E, Huras B, Zakrzewski J, Bukowska B. The mechanism of DNA damage induced by Roundup 360 PLUS, glyphosate and AMPA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells - genotoxic risk assessement. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:510-522. [PMID: 30055318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most heavily applied among pesticides in the world, and thus human exposure to this substance continues to increase. WHO changed classification of glyphosate to probably cancerogenic to humans, thus there is urgent need to assess in detail genotoxic mechanism of its action. We have assessed the effect of glyphosate, its formulation (Roundup 360 PLUS) and its main metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) in the concentration range from 1 to 1000 μM on DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cells were incubated for 24 h. The compounds studied and formulation induced DNA single and double strand-breaks and caused purines and pyrimidines oxidation. None of compounds examined was capable of creating adducts with DNA, while those substances increased ROS (including •OH) level in PBMCs. Roundup 360 PLUS caused damage to DNA even at 5 μM, while glyphosate and particularly AMPA induced DNA lesions from the concentration of 250 μM and 500 μM, respectively. DNA damage induced by glyphosate and its derivatives increased in order: AMPA, glyphosate, Roundup 360 PLUS. We may conclude that observed changes were not associated with direct interaction of xenobiotics studied with DNA, but the most probably they occurred through ROS-mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Woźniak
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Paulina Sicińska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jaromir Michałowicz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Teresy Str. 8, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Huras
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol Str. 6, 141/143, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Zakrzewski
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol Str. 6, 141/143, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
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26
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Carvalho WF, Franco FC, Godoy FR, Folador D, Avelar JB, Nomura F, Cruz ADD, Sabóia-Morais SMTD, Bastos RP, Silva DDME. Evaluation of Genotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of Glyphosate Roundup Original®inDendropsophus minutusPeters, 1872 Tadpoles. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Fernandes Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Craveiro Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Godoy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daiany Folador
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliana Boaventura Avelar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fausto Nomura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Biologia, Mestrado em Genética, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia-Morais
- Laboratório de Comportamento Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Mestrado em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pereira Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo e Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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27
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Rossi LF, Luaces JP, Palermo AM, Merani MS, Mudry MD. Cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood cultures of Chaetophractus villosus exposed in vivo to a glyphosate formulation (Roundup). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:121-127. [PMID: 29614449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Different concentrations of a glyphosate formulation, Roundup® Full II (66.2% glyphosate) were tested in culture peripheral blood of armadillo Chaetophractus villosus with cytogenetic biomarkers like mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cell proliferation kinetics (CPK) by means of replication index. Adults animals of both sexes were exposed to RU at four concentrations ranging from 0.026 mL RU solution to 0.379 mL RU daily in oral treatment with the same volume (0.2 mL) during 7 days. We analyzed the induced damage at different times considering T0 as control value, one (T1), seven (T7) and 30 days (T30). One day after, only the higher concentration shows MI significant differences (p < 0.05), at T7 the frequency increases and at T30 it decreases reaching T0 values. The analysis of CA frequencies shows that only 0.106 mL RU/day exhibit significant differences vs T0 values. A great variability is expressed in the values of standard deviation (SD) and in the wide confidence intervals of the media. One day after treatments (T1) all four concentrations shows significant differences in SCE vs T0 values. Replication Index (RI) does not show significant differences. The dose-response behavior was not observed in either CA or SCE. The consistency of the findings obtained with the same biomarkers in vitro support the idea of expanding studies in order to characterize the risk doses for these mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Francisco Rossi
- Laboratorio de Biología Cromosómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Luaces
- Laboratorio de Biología Cromosómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Maria Palermo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), B1603ALQ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Susana Merani
- Laboratorio de Biología Cromosómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marta Dolores Mudry
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), Depto EGE, IEGEBA, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Milić M, Žunec S, Micek V, Kašuba V, Mikolić A, Lovaković BT, Semren TŽ, Pavičić I, Čermak AMM, Pizent A, Vrdoljak AL, Valencia-Quintana R, Sánchez-Alarcón J, Želježić D. Oxidative stress, cholinesterase activity, and DNA damage in the liver, whole blood, and plasma of Wistar rats following a 28-day exposure to glyphosate. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:154-168. [PMID: 29990293 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this 28 day-study, we evaluated the effects of herbicide glyphosate administered by gavage to Wistar rats at daily doses equivalent to 0.1 of the acceptable operator exposure level (AOEL), 0.5 of the consumer acceptable daily intake (ADI), 1.75 (corresponding to the chronic population-adjusted dose, cPAD), and 10 mg kg-1 body weight (bw) (corresponding to 100 times the AOEL). At the end of each treatment, the body and liver weights were measured and compared with their baseline values. DNA damage in leukocytes and liver tissue was estimated with the alkaline comet assay. Oxidative stress was evaluated using a battery of endpoints to establish lipid peroxidation via thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) level, level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) level, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Total cholinesterase activity and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were also measured. The exposed animals gained less weight than control. Treatment resulted in significantly higher primary DNA damage in the liver cells and leukocytes. Glyphosate exposure significantly lowered TBARS in the liver of the AOEL, ADI, and cPAD groups, and in plasma in the AOEL and cPAD group. AChE was inhibited with all treatments, but the AOEL and ADI groups significantly differed from control. Total ChE and plasma/liver ROS/GSH levels did not significantly differ from control, except for the 35 % decrease in ChE in the AOEL and ADI groups and a significant drop in liver GSH in the cPAD and 100xAOEL groups. AOEL and ADI blood GSH-Px activity dropped significantly, but in the liver it significantly increased in the ADI, cPAD, and 100xAOEL groups vs. control. All these findings show that even exposure to low glyphosate levels can have serious adverse effects and points to a need to change the approach to risk assessment of low-level chronic/sub-chronic glyphosate exposure, where oxidative stress is not necessarily related to the genetic damage and AChE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Mikolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Rafael Valencia-Quintana
- Laboratorio "Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini" de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Juana Sánchez-Alarcón
- Laboratorio "Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini" de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Davor Želježić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Martínez-Perafán F, Santoli MF, López-Nigro M, Carballo MA. Assessment of the health status and risk of genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in Argentinian adolescents living near horticultural crops. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5950-5959. [PMID: 29235034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In some rural areas in Argentina, adolescents may be considered as a group indirectly exposed to agrochemicals because their parents plant small crops near their homes. This could become a health risk to children and adolescents who may be more sensitive to exposure to chemicals than adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health status of two different groups of Argentinian adolescents using biochemical parameters, dietary information, and cytogenetic biomarkers of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The study groups included 32 adolescents from Montecarlo, who were indirectly exposed to agrochemicals, and 30 unexposed adolescents from Exaltación de la Cruz. The values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma glutamyltransferase, and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were higher (p < 0.05) in males from Exaltación de la Cruz compared with those from Montecarlo. The BuChE activity was also higher (p < 0.05) in females from this region. Furthermore, the consumption of citrus, vegetable-like fruits, tubers, and red meat was more frequent (p < 0.05) in Montecarlo. On the other hand, differences in frequency of biomarkers of genetic damage in lymphocytes were not found (p > 0.05). However, the cytome assay in buccal cells showed that karyorrhectic and pyknotic cells were more frequent (p < 0.05) in the Montecarlo group; whereas, the frequencies of cells with nuclear buds, condensed chromatin and karyolysis were higher (p < 0.05) in the Exaltación de la Cruz group. Despite the differences between the parameters and biomarkers evaluated, the adolescents of Montecarlo did not present health impairment probably due to the type and level of exposure to agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Martínez-Perafán
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, INFIBIOC-Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Santoli
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, INFIBIOC-Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela López-Nigro
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, INFIBIOC-Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Ana Carballo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, INFIBIOC-Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, CIGETOX (Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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30
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Screening of Pesticides with the Potential of Inducing DSB and Successive Recombinational Repair. J Toxicol 2017; 2017:3574840. [PMID: 29129974 PMCID: PMC5654340 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3574840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was realized to ascertain whether eight selected pesticides would induce double strand breaks (DSB) in lymphocyte cultures and whether this damage would induce greater levels of proteins Rad51 participating in homologous recombination or of p-Ku80 participating in nonhomologous end joining. Only five pesticides were found to induce DSB of which only glyphosate and paraoxon induced a significant increase of p-Ku80 protein, indicating that nonhomologous end joining recombinational DNA repair system would be activated. The type of gamma-H2AX foci observed was comparable to that induced by etoposide at similar concentrations. These results are of importance since these effects occurred at low concentrations in the micromolar range, in acute treatments to the cells. Effects over longer exposures in actual environmental settings are expected to produce cumulative damage if repeated events of recombination take place over time.
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Kašuba V, Milić M, Rozgaj R, Kopjar N, Mladinić M, Žunec S, Vrdoljak AL, Pavičić I, Čermak AMM, Pizent A, Lovaković BT, Želježić D. Effects of low doses of glyphosate on DNA damage, cell proliferation and oxidative stress in the HepG2 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19267-19281. [PMID: 28667585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the toxic effects of glyphosate in vitro on HepG2 cells exposed for 4 and 24 h to low glyphosate concentrations likely to be encountered in occupational and residential exposures [the acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 μg/mL), residential exposure level (REL; 2.91 μg/mL) and occupational exposure level (OEL; 3.5 μg/mL)]. The assessments were performed using biomarkers of oxidative stress, CCK-8 colorimetric assay for cell proliferation, alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. The results obtained indicated effects on cell proliferation, both at 4 and 24 h. The levels of primary DNA damage after 4-h exposure were lower in treated vs. control samples, but were not significantly changed after 24 h. Using the CBMN assay, we found a significantly higher number of MN and nuclear buds at ADI and REL after 4 h and a lower number of MN after 24 h. The obtained results revealed significant oxidative damage. Four-hour exposure resulted in significant decrease at ADI [lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] and OEL [lipid peroxidation and level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC)], and 24-h exposure in significant decrease at OEL (TAC and GSH-Px). No significant effects were observed for the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) for both treatment, and for 24 h for lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the elevated levels of cytogenetic damage found by the CBMN assay and the mechanisms of primary DNA damage should be further clarified, considering that the comet assay results indicate possible cross-linking or DNA adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena Kašuba
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Mladinić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- Xellia Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lucić Vrdoljak
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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32
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Kwiatkowska M, Reszka E, Woźniak K, Jabłońska E, Michałowicz J, Bukowska B. DNA damage and methylation induced by glyphosate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro study). Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:93-98. [PMID: 28351773 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a very important herbicide that is widely used in the agriculture, and thus the exposure of humans to this substance and its metabolites has been noted. The purpose of this study was to assess DNA damage (determination of single and double strand-breaks by the comet assay) as well as to evaluate DNA methylation (global DNA methylation and methylation of p16 (CDKN2A) and p53 (TP53) promoter regions) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to glyphosate. PBMCs were incubated with the compound studied at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM for 24 h. The study has shown that glyphosate induced DNA lesions, which were effectively repaired. However, PBMCs were unable to repair completely DNA damage induced by glyphosate. We also observed a decrease in global DNA methylation level at 0.25 mM of glyphosate. Glyphosate at 0.25 mM and 0.5 mM increased p53 promoter methylation, while it did not induce statistically significant changes in methylation of p16 promoter. To sum up, we have shown for the first time that glyphosate (at high concentrations from 0.5 to 10 mM) may induce DNA damage in leucocytes such as PBMCs and cause DNA methylation in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kwiatkowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaromir Michałowicz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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33
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Vandenberg LN, Blumberg B, Antoniou MN, Benbrook CM, Carroll L, Colborn T, Everett LG, Hansen M, Landrigan PJ, Lanphear BP, Mesnage R, vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Myers JP. Is it time to reassess current safety standards for glyphosate-based herbicides? J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:613-618. [PMID: 28320775 PMCID: PMC5484035 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) increased ∼100-fold from 1974 to 2014. Additional increases are expected due to widespread emergence of glyphosate-resistant weeds, increased application of GBHs, and preharvest uses of GBHs as desiccants. Current safety assessments rely heavily on studies conducted over 30 years ago. We have considered information on GBH use, exposures, mechanisms of action, toxicity and epidemiology. Human exposures to glyphosate are rising, and a number of in vitro and in vivo studies challenge the basis for the current safety assessment of glyphosate and GBHs. We conclude that current safety standards for GBHs are outdated and may fail to protect public health or the environment. To improve safety standards, the following are urgently needed: (1) human biomonitoring for glyphosate and its metabolites; (2) prioritisation of glyphosate and GBHs for hazard assessments, including toxicological studies that use state-of-the-art approaches; (3) epidemiological studies, especially of occupationally exposed agricultural workers, pregnant women and their children and (4) evaluations of GBHs in commercially used formulations, recognising that herbicide mixtures likely have effects that are not predicted by studying glyphosate alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charles M Benbrook
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
- Benbrook Consulting Services, Enterprise, Oregon, USA
| | - Lynn Carroll
- TEDX, The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, Paonia, Colorado, USA
| | - Theo Colborn
- TEDX, The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, Paonia, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Philip J Landrigan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frederick S vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Wade V Welshons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - John Peterson Myers
- Environmental Health Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chaves TVS, Islam MT, de Moraes MO, de Alencar MVOB, Gomes DCV, de Carvalho RM, Maluf SW, de Moura do Amaral FP, Paz MFCJ, Cerqueira GS, Rolim HML, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA, de Moraes MEA. Occupational and life-style factors-acquired mutagenicity in agric-workers of northeastern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15454-15461. [PMID: 28510803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a complex mixture of chemicals used to protect crops from a number of pests and diseases. They have been considered as potential mutagenic agents. This study aims at evaluation of the mutagenic effect of pesticide exposure to agricultural workers through chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes and oral mucosal cells, respectively. The exposed group was consisted with 97 farmers, while the control (un-exposed) group consisted of 55. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in frequency of CA and MN in the exposed group. Both CA and MN profiles were linked to a significant (p < 0.05) co-relation with the confounding factors such as smoking habits, alcohol, vegetables, tea/coffee, vitamins, and sweetener consumptions. More cytogenetic events were denoted in smoking and alcohol consumption as well as non-personal protective equipment (non-PPE) and low/no vegetables user farmers. In conclusion, a deficiency of dietary and medicaments-derived antioxidants, while consumption of alcohol and tobacco, as well as effects of radiation, heavy metal poisoning (especially from sweeteners), and non-PPE using habits, may contribute cytogenetic damage to the workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Mehedigbag, Chittagong, 4000, Bangladesh.
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharbel Weider Maluf
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, PI, 64.600-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
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35
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Vazquez MA, Maturano E, Etchegoyen A, Difilippo FS, Maclean B. Association between Cancer and Environmental Exposure to Glyphosate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2017.82007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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