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Zhao J, Ma M, Zeng Z, Wan D, Yan X, Xia J, Yu P, Gong D. Production, purification, properties and current perspectives for modification and application of microbial lipases. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:1001-1016. [PMID: 38445829 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2323196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
With the industrialization and development of modern science, the application of enzymes as green and environmentally friendly biocatalysts in industry has been increased widely. Among them, lipase (EC. 3.1.1.3) is a very prominent biocatalyst, which has the ability to catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of ester compounds. Many lipases have been isolated from various sources, such as animals, plants and microorganisms, among which microbial lipase is the enzyme with the most diverse enzymatic properties and great industrial application potential. It therefore has promising applications in many industries, such as food and beverages, waste treatment, biofuels, leather, textiles, detergent formulations, ester synthesis, pharmaceuticals and medicine. Although many microbial lipases have been isolated and characterized, only some of them have been commercially exploited. In order to cope with the growing industrial demands and overcome these shortcomings to replace traditional chemical catalysts, the preparation of new lipases with thermal/acid-base stability, regioselectivity, organic solvent tolerance, high activity and yield, and reusability through excavation and modification has become a hot research topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Maomao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongman Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, Auckland, New Zealand
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Singh J, Mehta A. The main Aflatoxin B1 degrading enzyme in Pseudomonas putida is thermostable lipase. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10809. [PMID: 36217476 PMCID: PMC9547207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a carcinogenic and mutagenic mycotoxin mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, and prevalent in food and feed. Microbial degradation is a promising strategy which can be performed in mild and environmental friendly condition. This work is a step towards identifying the enzyme responsible for biodegradation of AFB1 by P. putida. Experiments were performed with P. putida lysate and compared with commercial lipase to see the degradation efficiency and the temperature stability. The cell free lysate of P. putida efficiently degraded AFB1 in a range of temperature from 20 to 90 °C. The lysate is thermostable and could retain its activity on pre-incubation up to 90 °C. Highest rate of degradation was observed at 70 °C. These observations show that the P. putida lysate is not only stable at higher temperatures but its enzymatic activity increases after incubation. Similarly, the commercial lipase degraded AFB1 efficiently. However, both, the P. putida lysate and lipase ceased degradation in presence of a lipase inhibitor, HgCl2. The Hill function accurately predicted enzyme activity at various times and temperatures. Like lipase, the lysate also hydrolyses the p-nitrophenyl palmitate to p-nitrophenol. Kinetic parameters such as Vmax, Km and n values are good measures to characterize the lysate response with respect to changing paranitro phenyl palmitate levels. The substrate specificity test of lipase showed linear correlation between the absorbance at 410 nm vs amount of product paranitro phenol. The value of Km, Vmax and n are 0.62 mM, 355.7 μmol min−1 and 1.29, respectively. The lipase gene presence in P. putida was confirmed using PCR technique. These observations indicate that the main enzyme responsible for AFB1 degradation by P. putida is lipase. Thus, lipase as a multifunctional biocatalyst provides a promising future for a variety of industries and may also help to ensure the food safety by degrading the mycotoxins.
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Verma J, Sourirajan A, Dev K. Bacterial diversity in 110 thermal hot springs of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). 3 Biotech 2022; 12:238. [PMID: 36003895 PMCID: PMC9393120 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal hot springs are present throughout the world and constitute a unique habitat for microbial diversity. The current investigation is conducted to study the bacterial diversity of thermophilic microorganisms in thermal hot springs of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). As of today, 110 geothermal hot springs have been explored for microbial diversity. In this study, we observed that the growth of thermophilic bacteria isolated from thermal hot springs of IHR ranges between 40 and 100 °C, and pH of 3.5-8 have been reported in the literature. The major bacterial species reported from the thermal hot springs of IHR are Bacillus spp., Geobacillus spp., Paenibacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Anoxybacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Aneurinibacillus, Thermus aquaticus, Aquimonas, Flavobacterium, etc. Furthermore, bacterial isolates from thermal hot springs of IHR have been reported to produce various enzymes and metabolites such as amylase, β-galactosidase, cellulase, nitrate reductase, acetoin, caffeine degradation enzymes, lipase, urease, and laccase. Metagenomic study and the entire genomic shotgun project have established the impact of physicochemical parameters (temperature and pH) on developing the microbiome. We have discussed the discoveries of microbiological data on the hot springs of IHR until the end of year 2021. As a whole, the microbiome adapts themselves as successful inhabitants to extreme environmental conditions and also serves as a diverse resource for potential applications in health, food, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Verma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212 Himachal Pradesh India
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4
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Genomic attributes of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:135. [PMID: 35695998 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermophiles and hyperthermophiles are immensely useful in understanding the evolution of life, besides their utility in environmental and industrial biotechnology. Advancements in sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of microbial genomics. The massive generation of data enhances the sequencing coverage multi-fold and allows to analyse the entire genomic features of microbes efficiently and accurately. The mandate of a pure isolate can also be bypassed where whole metagenome-assembled genomes and single cell-based sequencing have fulfilled the majority of the criteria to decode various attributes of microbial genomes. A boom has, therefore, been seen in analysing the extremophilic bacteria and archaea using sequence-based approaches. Due to extensive sequence analysis, it becomes easier to understand the gene flow and their evolution among the members of bacteria and archaea. For instance, sequencing unveiled that Thermotoga maritima shares around 24% of genes of archaeal origin. Comparative and functional genomics provide an analytical view to understanding the microbial diversity of thermophilic bacteria and archaea, their interactions with other microbes, their adaptations, gene flow, and evolution over time. In this review, the genomic features of thermophilic bacteria and archaea are dealt with comprehensively.
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Enhancing Lipase Production of Bacillus salmalaya Strain 139SI Using Different Carbon Sources and Surfactants. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipase is one of the major sources of the enzyme that has been broadly exploited in the food, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries due to its high catalytic activity, high yield, and environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize the medium for the submerged fermentation for lipase production by a novel strain, Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI. The media subjected to lipase production was Luria Bertani (LB) with different carbon sources and surfactants supplemented to determine which would give the highest lipase activity of Bacillus salmalaya. The Lipase activity of the supernatant containing lipase enzyme was ddetermined using the titrimetric method with hydrolysis reaction. Results showed that the olive oil that was used as a carbon source, induced the highest lipase activity (11.0 U/mL) compared to sunflower oil (9.6 U/mL) and cooking oil waste (7.8 U/mL). For surfactants, LB medium supplemented with tween 80 enhanced higher lipase activity (6.8 U/mL) compared to tween 20 (6.0 U/mL) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (2.0 U/mL). Thus, it can be concluded that submerged fermentation allows optimization of the culture medium whereby, among carbon sources, olive oil induced the highest lipase production, whereas Tween 80 was the best lipase inducer compared to other surfactants.
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Taleb MA, Gomaa SK, Wahba MI, Zaki RA, El-Fiky AF, El-Refai HA, El-Sayed H. Bioscouring of wool fibres using immobilized thermophilic lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:800-810. [PMID: 34848239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic nature of wool induced by its surface lipid barrier hinders its wettability during processing. Scouring of wool is conducted to remove this lipid barrier and facilitate any wet processes. Scouring of wool is conducted using soda ash followed by rinsing with huge amount of water to ensure complete removal of alkali. This work aimed at utilization of thermophilic lipase enzyme for removal of wool surface lipid barrier without deterioration on the fibre interior. A thermally stable lipase enzyme was produced from thermophilic microorganism; namely Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22, and was utilized in bio-scouring of wool. The produced enzyme was immobilized on sericin-based discs to enhance its stability and to make it reusable. The activity of both free and immobilized lipase enzymes at different conditions was assessed. The effects of bio-scouring of wool on its dyeability with acid, basic, and reactive dyes, as well as on some of its inherent properties, were monitored. Results showed that the bio-scoured wool exhibits enhanced dyeability with the said classes of dyes more than that of conventionally scoured samples. One-bath scouring and dyeing of wool fibres in two successive steps was conducted to reduce consumption of water and energy during wet processing of wool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abou Taleb
- Proteinic and Man-made Fibres Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Sanaa K Gomaa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Marwa I Wahba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1); Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Rania A Zaki
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Asmaa F El-Fiky
- Proteinic and Man-made Fibres Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Heba A El-Refai
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Hosam El-Sayed
- Proteinic and Man-made Fibres Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1).
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7
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Pham VHT, Kim J, Chang S, Chung W. Investigation of Lipolytic-Secreting Bacteria from an Artificially Polluted Soil Using a Modified Culture Method and Optimization of Their Lipase Production. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2590. [PMID: 34946192 PMCID: PMC8708958 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to lipases from plants or animals, microbial lipases play a vital role in different industrial applications and biotechnological perspectives due to their high stability and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, numerous lipase producers have been investigated in a variety of environments in the presence of lipidic carbon and organic nitrogen sources. As a step in the development of cultivating the unculturable functional bacteria in this study, the forest soil collected from the surrounding plant roots was used to create an artificially contaminated environment for lipase-producing bacterial isolation. The ten strongest active bacterial strains were tested in an enzyme assay supplemented with metal ions such as Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, K+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Sn2+ to determine bacterial tolerance and the effect of these metal ions on enzyme activity. Lipolytic bacteria in this study tended to grow and achieved a high lipase activity at temperatures of 35-40 °C and at pH 6-7, reaching a peak of 480 U/mL and 420 U/mL produced by Lysinibacillus PL33 and Lysinibacillus PL35, respectively. These potential lipase-producing bacteria are excellent candidates for large-scale applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hong Thi Pham
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea;
| | - Jaisoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea;
| | - Soonwoong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, College of Creative Engineering of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
| | - Woojin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, College of Creative Engineering of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
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Abstract
The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, but the main drawback is the cost of the process which arises due to the separation of catalysts from the reaction media after product formation. A promising field for catalytic biodiesel production is the use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate compounds. The flexibility of their structures and super acidic properties can be enhanced by incorporation of polyoxometalate anions into the complex proton acids. This pseudo liquid phase makes it possible for nearly all mobile protons to take part in the catalysis process. Carbonaceous materials which are obtained after sulfonation show promising catalytic activity towards the transesterification process. Another promising heterogeneous acid catalyst used for FAME production is vanadium phosphate. Furthermore, biocatalysts are receiving attention for large-scale FAME production in which lipase is the most common one used successfully This review critically describes the most important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in the current FAME production, with future directions for their use.
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Adetunji AI, Olaniran AO. Production strategies and biotechnological relevance of microbial lipases: a review. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1257-1269. [PMID: 33904151 PMCID: PMC8324693 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of lipids into long-chain fatty acids and glycerol in oil-water interface. In addition, they catalyze broad spectrum of bioconversion reactions including esterification, inter-esterification, among others in non-aqueous and micro-aqueous milieu. Lipases are universally produced from plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, lipases from microbial origin are mostly preferred owing to their lower production costs, ease of genetic manipulation etc. The secretion of these biocatalysts by microorganisms is influenced by nutritional and physicochemical parameters. Optimization of the bioprocess parameters enhanced lipase production. In addition, microbial lipases have gained intensified attention for a wide range of applications in food, detergent, and cosmetics industries as well as in environmental bioremediation. This review provides insights into strategies for production of microbial lipases for potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Isiaka Adetunji
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Ademola Olufolahan Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, Republic of South Africa
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Najjar A, Hassan EA, Zabermawi N, Saber SH, Bajrai LH, Almuhayawi MS, Abujamel TS, Almasaudi SB, Azhar LE, Moulay M, Harakeh S. Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13659. [PMID: 34211018 PMCID: PMC8249636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm-1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Najjar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elhagag Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Nidal Zabermawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Leena H Bajrai
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology/Parasitology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad B Almasaudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena E Azhar
- Preventive Medicine, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Aseer Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cells Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Kong F, Lu N, Liu Y, Zhang S, Jiang H, Wang H, Wang W, Li S. Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger Co-Cultivation Extract Affects In Vitro Degradation, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Composition in a Diet-Specific Manner. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1248. [PMID: 33926015 PMCID: PMC8145302 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AOAN may provide enzymes to improve the digestibility of feeds and enhance rumen fermentation. This study determined the effects of AOAN on digestibility, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial composition using in vitro gas recording fermentation system. A total of 30 mg of AOAN was supplemented into 500 mg of TMR, corn silage, oat hay, and alfalfa hay. Fermentation parameters and bacterial communities were determined after 48 h fermentation, and digestibility was determined after 7, 24, 30, and 48 h fermentation. Gas production and dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were significantly increased by AOAN supplementation at 48 h (p < 0.05), except for digestibility of CP of the TMR (p > 0.05). AOAN increased starch digestibility in corn silage (p < 0.05) and tended to increase that in TMR (0.05 < p < 0.10). AOAN supplementation increased total volatile fatty acid production (p < 0.05). The molar proportions of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio of oat hay and alfalfa hay were increased (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the microbial richness of TMR and oat hay, and microbial evenness of TMR were increased (p < 0.05). AOAN did not affect the α diversity, β diversity, and bacterial composition of the corn silage. The relative abundance of Prevotella was increased and Ruminococcus was decreased in TMR, oat hay, and alfalfa hay. In conclusion, results suggest that AOAN has the potential to improve the utilization of diets differently, including providing enzymes with changing microbiota (TMR, oat hay, and alfalfa hay) or providing enzymes alone (corn silage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Kong
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (N.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Na Lu
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (N.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (N.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shu Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (N.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongqin Jiang
- China Representative Office, Ascor Chimici S.R.L., 201199 Bologna, Italy; (H.J.); (H.W.)
| | - Haomin Wang
- China Representative Office, Ascor Chimici S.R.L., 201199 Bologna, Italy; (H.J.); (H.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (N.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shengli Li
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (N.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
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12
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Bredai R, Ben Romdhane I, Bouchaala I, Belghith K, Belghith H. Purification of
Bacillus licheniformis
Lipase and its Application as an Additive in Detergent for Destaining. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Bredai
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax PB 802 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Ines Ben Romdhane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Biotechnology Center of Sfax University of Sfax BP “1177” Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Imen Bouchaala
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax PB 802 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Karima Belghith
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax PB 802 Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Belghith
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Biotechnology Center of Sfax University of Sfax BP “1177” Sfax 3018 Tunisia
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13
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Verma S, Meghwanshi GK, Kumar R. Current perspectives for microbial lipases from extremophiles and metagenomics. Biochimie 2021; 182:23-36. [PMID: 33421499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are most broadly used biocatalysts for environmental and industrial applications. Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of long acyl chain esters and have a characteristic folding pattern of α/β hydrolase with highly conserved catalytic triad (Serine, Aspartic/Glutamic acid and Histidine). Mesophilic lipases (optimal activity in neutral pH range, mesophilic temperature range, atmospheric pressure, normal salinity, non-radio-resistant, and instability in organic solvents) have been in use for many industrial biotransformation reactions. However, lipases from extremophiles can be used to design biotransformation reactions with higher yields, less byproducts or useful side products and have been predicted to catalyze those reactions also, which otherwise are not possible with the mesophilic lipases. The extremophile lipase perform activity at extremes of temperature, pH, salinity, and pressure which can be screened from metagenome and de novo lipase design using computational approaches. Despite structural similarity, they exhibit great diversity at the sequence level. This diversity is broader when lipases from the bacterial, archaeal, plant, and animal domains/kingdoms are compared. Furthermore, a great diversity of novel lipases exists and can be discovered from the analysis of the dark matter - the unexplored nucleotide/metagenomic databases. This review is an update on extremophilic microbial lipases, their diversity, structure, and classification. An overview on novel lipases which have been detected through analysis of the genomic dark matter (metagenome) has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, 334004, India
| | | | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden.
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Yasin MT, Ali Y, Ahmad K, Ghani A, Amanat K, Basheir MM, Faheem M, Hussain S, Ahmad B, Hussain A, Bokhari SAI. Alkaline lipase production by novel meso-tolerant psychrophilic Exiguobacterium sp. strain (AMBL-20) isolated from glacier of northeastern Pakistan. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:1309-1320. [PMID: 33325000 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipase is an important commercial enzyme with unique and versatile biotechnological applications. This study was conducted to biosynthesize and characterizes alkaliphilic lipase by Exiguobacterium sp. strain AMBL-20T isolated from the glacial water samples of the northeastern (Gilgit-Baltistan) region of Pakistan. The isolated bacterium was identified as Exiguobaterium sp. strain AMBL-20T on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences with GenBank accession number MW229267. The bacterial strain was further screened for its lipolytic activity, biosynthesis, and characterization by different parameters with the aim of maximizing lipase activity. Results showed that 2% Olive oil, 0.2% peptone at 25 °C, pH 8, and 24 h of incubation time found optimal for maximum lipase production. The lipase enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and its activity was standardized at pH 8 under 30 °C temperature. The enzyme showed functional stability over a range of temperature and pH. Hence, extracellular alkaliphilic lipase from Exiguobacterium sp. is a potential candidate with extraordinary industrial applications, particularly in bio-detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talha Yasin
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Yasir Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghani
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mudassir Basheir
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Imran Bokhari
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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15
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Leite AET, Briganti L, de Araújo EA, Pellegrini VDOA, Camilo CM, Polikarpov I. Low-resolution molecular shape, biochemical characterization and emulsification properties of a halotolerant esterase from Bacillus licheniformis. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:435-447. [PMID: 32683479 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial esterases are highly versatile enzymes, currently widely used in detergents, biosurfactants, bioemulsifiers and as biocatalysts in paper and food industries. Present work describes heterologous expression, purification, and biophysical and biochemical characterization of a halotolerant esterase from Bacillus licheniformis (BlEstA). BlEstA preferentially cleaves pNP-octanoate and both activity and stability of the enzyme increased in the presence of 2 M NaCl, and also with several organic solvents (ethanol, methanol and DMSO). Furthermore, BlEstA has considerable emulsifying properties, particularly with olive oil as substrate. Our studies also show that the enzyme is monomeric in solution and its small-angle X-ray scattering low-resolution molecular envelope fits well its high-resolution homology model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa T Leite
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Briganti
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cesar Moyses Camilo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Comparative study on modeling by neural networks and response surface methodology for better prediction and optimization of fermentation parameters: Application on thermo-alkaline lipase production by Nocardiopsis sp. strain NRC/WN5. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Ktata A, Karray A, Mnif I, Bezzine S. Enhancement of Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 lipase catalytic activity through optimization of medium composition using Box-Behnken design and its application in detergent formulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12755-12766. [PMID: 32006338 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are hydrolytic enzymes owing much importance in industrial applications. These enzyme-based detergents are ecofriendly and produce a wastewater with low level of COD (chemical oxygen demand). In the present work, a novel halophilous, thermoalkaline, and detergent-tolerant lipase produced by a newly isolated Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 was studied. Considerable interest has been given to this lipase by the improvement of its catalytic activity through the optimization of the pH, the (C/N) ratio, and the inoculum size, using the response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design of experiments. A total of 16 experiments were conducted, and the optimized pH, (C/N) ratio, and inoculum size were 10, 1, and 0.3, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test indicated that the established model was significant (p value < 0.05). The optimization of the production conditions leads to 2.83-fold of increase in the catalytic activity calculated as the ratio of the activity obtained after optimization (68 U) and the initial activity before optimization (24 U). All in all, the lipase of Aeribacillus pallidus could be considered as a potential candidate to be incorporated in detergent formulations since it shows a good stability towards detergents and wash performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameni Ktata
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, Université de Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aida Karray
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, Université de Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ines Mnif
- Unité d'Enzymes et Bioconversion, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sofiane Bezzine
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, Université de Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
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18
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Balaji L, Chittoor JT, Jayaraman G. Optimization of extracellular lipase production by halotolerant Bacillus sp. VITL8 using factorial design and applicability of enzyme in pretreatment of food industry effluents. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:708-716. [PMID: 32134356 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1734936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of macro and micronutrients of media components on lipase production by Bacillus sp. VITL8 was investigated using classical as well as statistical methods. Initially, the carbon source, nitrogen source, inducer and metal ions that affect lipase production were selected using the classical approach. Subsequently, selected nutrients along with other key factors (such as pH, agitation rate, gum acacia and tween 80) were investigated using Placket Burman design. Finally, three significant factors, viz., olive oil, peptone and tween 80 were studied using a 22 full factorial central composite design. Under optimized condition [6% (v/v) of olive oil, 0.7% peptone, 0.9% tween 80 and 25 h of incubation], the enzyme production was found to be 2.2 times higher with an overall enzyme production of 325.0 ± 1.4 U mL-1. Laboratory scale experiment proved that the enzyme could be utilized for pretreatment of food industry effluent rich in fat and oil (dairy, bakery and poultry). The enzyme was capable of hydrolyzing more than 50% of the initial fat present in all these effluents and enabled the reduction in the levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent samples. The study thus reveals the utility of the lipase produced by the halotolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. VITL8 in the pretreatment of industrial effluents contaminated with oil and fat.HighlightsLipase production was enhanced by 2.2-fold using statistical methodsOne of the few reports on lipase production by a halotolerant bacterium, especially by Bacillus sp.Production of 325.0 ± 1.4 U mL-1 lipase within 25 h by a halotolerant bacteriumPretreatment of food industry effluents using Bacillus sp. VITL8 lipaseImprovement in effluent quality within 8 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Balaji
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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19
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Lipase Catalysis in Presence of Nonionic Surfactants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:744-762. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Singh P, Patel V, Shah V, Madamwar D. A Solvent-tolerant Alkaline Lipase from Bacillus sp. DM9K3 and Its Potential Applications in Esterification and Polymer Degradation. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819060139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Statistical optimization of cultural medium composition of thermoalkalophilic lipase produced by a chemically induced mutant strain of Bacillus atrophaeus FSHM2. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:268. [PMID: 31218179 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic microbial derived lipases have been widely applied in different biotechnological processes due to their resistance to harsh conditions such as high salt concentration, elevated temperature, and extreme acidic or alkaline pH. The present study was designed to overproduce the halophilic, thermoalkalophilic lipase of Bacillus atrophaeus FSHM2 through chemically induced random mutagenesis and optimization of cultural medium components assisted by statistical experimental design. At first, improvement of lipase production ability of B. atrophaeus FSHM2 was performed through exposure of the wild bacterial strain to ethidium bromide for 5-90 min to obtain a suitable mutant of lipase producer (designated as EB-5, 4301.1 U/l). Afterwards, Plackett-Burman experimental design augmented to D-optimal design was employed to optimize medium components (olive oil, maltose, glucose, sucrose, tryptone, urea, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, CaCl2, and ZnSO4) for lipase production by the EB-5 mutant. A maximum lipase production of 14,824.3 U/l was predicted in the optimum medium containing 5% of olive oil, 0.5% of glucose, 0.5% of sucrose, 2% of maltose, 2.5 g/l of yeast extract, 1.75 g/l of urea, 1.75 g/l of (NH4)2SO4, 2.5 g/l of tryptone, 2 g/l of NaCl, 1 g/l of CaCl2, and 1 g/l of ZnSO4. A mean value of 14,773 ± 576.9 U/l of lipase was acquired from real experiments.
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22
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Ameri A, Shakibaie M, Soleimani-Kermani M, Faramarzi MA, Doostmohammadi M, Forootanfar H. Overproduction of thermoalkalophilic lipase secreted by Bacillus atrophaeus FSHM2 using UV-induced mutagenesis and statistical optimization of medium components. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:184-191. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1566148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ameri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mozhde Soleimani-Kermani
- The Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Doostmohammadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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23
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Ismail A, El-Henawy S, Younis S, Betiha M, El-Gendy N, Azab M, Sedky N. Statistical enhancement of lipase extracellular production byBacillus stratosphericusPSP8 in a batch submerged fermentation process. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1076-1093. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Ismail
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI); Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - S.B. El-Henawy
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI); Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - S.A. Younis
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI); Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - M.A. Betiha
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI); Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - N.Sh. El-Gendy
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI); Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - M.S. Azab
- Botany and Microbiology Department; Faculty of Science (Boys); Al-Azhar University; Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - N.M. Sedky
- Botany and Microbiology Department; Faculty of Science (Girls); Al-Azhar University; Nasr City Cairo Egypt
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24
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Navvabi A, Razzaghi M, Fernandes P, Karami L, Homaei A. Novel lipases discovery specifically from marine organisms for industrial production and practical applications. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Lajis AFB. Realm of Thermoalkaline Lipases in Bioprocess Commodities. J Lipids 2018; 2018:5659683. [PMID: 29666707 PMCID: PMC5832097 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5659683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, microbial lipases are notably used as biocatalysts and efficiently catalyze various processes in many important industries. Biocatalysts are less corrosive to industrial equipment and due to their substrate specificity and regioselectivity they produced less harmful waste which promotes environmental sustainability. At present, thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases have gained enormous interest as biocatalyst due to their stability and robustness under high temperature and alkaline environment operation. Several characteristics of the thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases are discussed. Their molecular weight and resistance towards a range of temperature, pH, metal, and surfactants are compared. Their industrial applications in biodiesel, biodetergents, biodegreasing, and other types of bioconversions are also described. This review also discusses the advance of fermentation process for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production focusing on the process development in microorganism selection and strain improvement, culture medium optimization via several optimization techniques (i.e., one-factor-at-a-time, surface response methodology, and artificial neural network), and other fermentation parameters (i.e., inoculums size, temperature, pH, agitation rate, dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), and aeration rate). Two common fermentation techniques for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production which are solid-state and submerged fermentation methods are compared and discussed. Recent optimization approaches using evolutionary algorithms (i.e., Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, and Particle Swarm Optimization) are also highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Firdaus B. Lajis
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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26
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Mohd Zin NB, Mohamad Yusof B, Oslan SN, Wasoh H, Tan JS, Ariff AB, Halim M. Utilization of acid pre-treated coconut dregs as a substrate for production of detergent compatible lipase by Bacillus stratosphericus. AMB Express 2017. [PMID: 28651380 PMCID: PMC5482794 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been directed to explore the methods to reduce the production costs of industrial lipase by improving the yield and the use of low-cost agricultural wastes. Coconut dregs, which is a lignocellulosic by-product from coconut oil and milk processing plants, is rich in cellulose (36%) and crude fat (9%). A newly isolated Bacillus stratosphericus has been demonstrated to perform cellulose hydrolysis on coconut dregs producing fermentable sugars. The highest extracellular lipase activity of 140 U/mL has been achieved in submerged fermentation with acid pre-treated coconut dregs. The lipase was found to be active over a wide range of temperatures and pHs. The activity of lipase can be generally increased by the presence of detergent ingredients such as Tween-80, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hydrogen peroxide and phosphate per sulphate. The great compatibility of lipase in commercial detergents has also underlined its potential as an additive ingredient in biodetergent formulations.
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Batumalaie K, Khalili E, Mahat NA, Huyop FZ, Wahab RA. A statistical approach for optimizing the protocol for overexpressing lipase KV1 in Escherichia coli: purification and characterization. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1407670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Elham Khalili
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Zaman Huyop
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
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28
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Evaluation of alkali and thermotolerant lipase from an indigenous isolated Bacillus strain for detergent formulation. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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29
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Batumalaie K, Edbeib MF, Mahat NA, Huyop F, Wahab RA. In silico and empirical approaches toward understanding the structural adaptation of the alkaline-stable lipase KV1 from Acinetobacter haemolyticus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3077-3093. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1377635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Faraj Edbeib
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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30
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TRISMILAH TRISMILAH, SARNIANTO PRIH, WAHJONO EDI. Optimization of Lipases Production byBacillus licheniformis F11.4 using Response Surface Methodology. MICROBIOLOGY INDONESIA 2016. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.10.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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31
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Production of Thermoalkaliphilic Lipase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans DA2 and Application in Leather Industry. Enzyme Res 2016; 2016:9034364. [PMID: 26881066 PMCID: PMC4735910 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9034364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic and alkaliphilic lipases are meeting a growing global attention as their increased importance in several industrial fields. Over 23 bacterial strains, novel strain with high lipolytic activity was isolated from Southern Sinai, Egypt, and it was identified as Geobacillus thermoleovorans DA2 using 16S rRNA as well as morphological and biochemical features. The lipase was produced in presence of fatty restaurant wastes as an inducing substrate. The optimized conditions for lipase production were recorded to be temperature 60°C, pH 10, and incubation time for 48 hrs. Enzymatic production increased when the organism was grown in a medium containing galactose as carbon source and ammonium phosphate as nitrogen source at concentrations of 1 and 0.5% (w/v), respectively. Moreover, the optimum conditions for lipase production such as substrate concentration, inoculum size, and agitation rate were found to be 10% (w/v), 4% (v/v), and 120 rpm, respectively. The TA lipase with Triton X-100 had the best degreasing agent by lowering the total lipid content to 2.6% as compared to kerosene (7.5%) or the sole crude enzyme (8.9%). It can be concluded that the chemical leather process can be substituted with TA lipase for boosting the quality of leather and reducing the environmental hazards.
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32
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Borrelli GM, Trono D. Recombinant Lipases and Phospholipases and Their Use as Biocatalysts for Industrial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20774-840. [PMID: 26340621 PMCID: PMC4613230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases and phospholipases are interfacial enzymes that hydrolyze hydrophobic ester linkages of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, respectively. In addition to their role as esterases, these enzymes catalyze a plethora of other reactions; indeed, lipases also catalyze esterification, transesterification and interesterification reactions, and phospholipases also show acyltransferase, transacylase and transphosphatidylation activities. Thus, lipases and phospholipases represent versatile biocatalysts that are widely used in various industrial applications, such as for biodiesels, food, nutraceuticals, oil degumming and detergents; minor applications also include bioremediation, agriculture, cosmetics, leather and paper industries. These enzymes are ubiquitous in most living organisms, across animals, plants, yeasts, fungi and bacteria. For their greater availability and their ease of production, microbial lipases and phospholipases are preferred to those derived from animals and plants. Nevertheless, traditional purification strategies from microbe cultures have a number of disadvantages, which include non-reproducibility and low yields. Moreover, native microbial enzymes are not always suitable for biocatalytic processes. The development of molecular techniques for the production of recombinant heterologous proteins in a host system has overcome these constraints, as this allows high-level protein expression and production of new redesigned enzymes with improved catalytic properties. These can meet the requirements of specific industrial process better than the native enzymes. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the structural and functional features of lipases and phospholipases, to describe the recent advances in optimization of the production of recombinant lipases and phospholipases, and to summarize the information available relating to their major applications in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M Borrelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 673 Km 25, 200-71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Trono
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 673 Km 25, 200-71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Jain D, Mishra S. Multifunctional solvent stable Bacillus lipase mediated biotransformations in the context of food and fuel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Niyonzima FN, More SS. Coproduction of detergent compatible bacterial enzymes and stain removal evaluation. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1149-58. [PMID: 26011283 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Most of the detergents that are presently produced contain the detergent compatible enzymes to improve and accelerate the washing performance by removing tough stains. The process is environment friendly as the use of enzymes in the detergent formulation reduces the utilization of toxic detergent constituents. The current trend is to use the detergent compatible enzymes that are active at low and ambient temperature in order to save energy and maintain fabric quality. As the detergent compatible bacterial enzymes are used together in the detergent formulation, it is important to co-produce the detergent enzymes in a single fermentation medium as the enzyme stability is assured, and production cost gets reduced enormously. The review reports on the production, purification, characterization and application of detergent compatible amylases, lipases, and proteases are available. However, there is no specific review or minireview on the concomitant production of detergent compatible amylases, lipases, and proteases. In this minireview, the coproduction of detergent compatible enzymes by bacterial species, enzyme stability towards detergents and detergent components, and stain release analysis were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois N Niyonzima
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Ruhengeri, Rwanda
| | - Sunil S More
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
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Niyonzima FN, More S. Purification and properties of detergent-compatible extracellular alkaline protease from Scopulariopsis spp. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 44:738-59. [PMID: 24905049 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.854254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A fungal alkaline protease of Scopulariopsis spp. was purified to homogeneity with a recovery of 32.2% and 138.1 U/mg specific activity on lectin-agarose column. The apparent molecular mass was 15 ± 1 kD by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacryalamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It was a homogenous monomeric glycoprotein as shown by a single band and confirmed by native PAGE and gelatin zymography. The enzyme was active and stable over pH range 8.0-12.0 with optimum activity at pH 9.0. The maximum activity was recorded at 50°C and remained unaltered at 50°C for 24 hr. The enzyme was stimulated by Co(2+) and Mn(2+) at 10 mM but was unaffected by Ba(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), Na(+), K(+), and Fe(2+). Ca(2+) and Fe(3+) moderately reduced the activity (∼18%); however, a reduction of about 40% was seen for Zn(2+) and Hg(2+). The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 5 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and partially by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and tocylchloride methylketone (TLCK). The serine, tryptophan, and histidine may therefore be at or near the active site of the enzyme. The protease was more active against gelatin compared to casein, fibrinogen, egg albumin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA). With casein as substrate, Km and Vmax were 4.3 mg/mL and 15.9 U/mL, respectively. An activation was observed with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween-80, and Triton X-100 at 2% (v/v); however, H2O2 and NaClO did not affect the protease activity. Storage stability was better for all the temperatures tested (-20, 4, and 28 ± 2°C) with a retention of more than 85% of initial activity after 40 days. The protease retained more than 50% activity after 24 hr of incubation at 28, 60, and 90°C in the presence (0.7%, w/v) of commercial enzymatic and nonenzymatic detergents. The Super Wheel-enzyme solution was able to completely remove blood staining, differing from the detergent solution alone. The stability at alkaline pH and high temperatures, broad substrate specificity, stability in the presence of surfactants and oxidizing and bleaching agents, and excellent compatibility with detergents clearly suggested the use of the enzyme in detergent formulations.
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Niyonzima FN, More SS. Concomitant production of detergent compatible enzymes by Bacillus flexus XJU-1. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:903-10. [PMID: 25477924 PMCID: PMC4204975 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A soil screened Bacillus flexus XJU-1 was induced to simultaneously produce alkaline amylase, alkaline lipase and alkaline protease at their optimum levels on a common medium under submerged fermentation. The basal cultivation medium consisted of 0.5% casein, 0.5% starch and 0.5% cottonseedoil as an inducer forprotease, amylase, and lipase, respectively. The casein also served as nitrogen source for all 3 enzymes. The starch was also found to act as carbon source additive for both lipase and protease. Maximum enzyme production occurred on fermentation medium with 1.5% casein, 1.5% soluble starch, 2% cottonseed oil, 2% inoculum size, initial pH of 11.0, incubation temperature of 37 °C and 1% soybean meal as a nitrogen source supplement. The analysis of time course study showed that 24 h was optimum incubation time for amylase whereas 48 h was the best time for both lipase and protease. After optimization, a 3.36-, 18.64-, and 27.33-fold increase in protease, amylase and lipase, respectively was recorded. The lipase was produced in higher amounts (37.72 U/mL) than amylase and protease about 1.27 and 5.85 times, respectively. As the 3 enzymes are used in detergent formulations, the bacterium can be commercially exploited to secrete the alkaline enzymes for use in detergent industry. This is the first report for concomitant production of 3 alkaline enzymes by a bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois N Niyonzima
- Department of Biochemistry Center for Post Graduate Studies Jain University Bangalore India Department of Biochemistry, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil S More
- Department of Biochemistry Center for Post Graduate Studies Jain University Bangalore India Department of Biochemistry, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
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Biochemical properties of the alkaline lipase of Bacillus flexus XJU-1 and its detergent compatibility. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Guncheva M, Dimitrov M, Kambourova M. Excellent Stability and Synthetic Activity of Lipase fromB. StearothermophilusMC7 Immobilized on Tin Dioxide in Environmentally Friendly Medium. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Balaji L, Jayaraman G. Metal ion activated lipase from halotolerant Bacillus sp. VITL8 displays broader operational range. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:380-6. [PMID: 24704541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipase producing halo tolerant Bacillus sp. VITL8 was isolated from oil contaminated areas of Vellore. The identity of the organism was established by 16S rDNA sequence, in addition to the morphological and biochemical characterization. The purified enzyme (22kDa, 8680U/mg) exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 40°C and retained more than 50% of its activity in the NaCl concentration range of 0-3.0M, pH 6.0-10.0 and 10-60°C. Secondary structure analysis, using circular dichroism, revealed that the enzyme is composed of 38% α-helix and 29% β-turns. The lipase activity significantly increased in the presence of (1mM) Mn(2+) (139%), Ca(2+) (134%) and Mg(2+) (130%). Organic solvents such as butanol and acetonitrile (25%, v/v) enhanced the activity whereas DMSO (25% v/v) retained the activity. The Km of enzyme-p-Nitrophenyl palmitate complex was determined to be 191μM with a Vmax of 68μM/mg/min. Though halotolerant Bacillus sp. has been explored for hydrocarbon degradation, to our knowledge this is the first report on the lipase activity of the isolate. The characteristics of the enzyme presented in this report, imply broader operational range of the enzyme and therefore could be suitable for many of the industrial chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Balaji
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
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